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Journal articles on the topic 'Slovak language'
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1
Hanulíková, Adriana, and Silke Hamann. "Slovak." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40, no. 3 (November 24, 2010): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100310000162.
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Slovak (sometimes also called Slovakian) is an Indo-European language belonging to the West-Slavic branch, and is most closely related to Czech. Slovak is spoken as a native language by 4.6 million speakers in Slovakia (that is by roughly 85% of the population), and by over two million Slovaks living abroad, most of them in the USA, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Canada and Great Britain (Office for Slovaks Living Abroad 2009).
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Kanyicska Belán, Dóra, and Miroslav Popper. "Attitudes and relations between the Slovak majority and the Hungarian minority in Slovakia." Intersections 8, no. 3 (November 2, 2022): 192–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i3.747.
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The article concerns relations between Slovaks and the Hungarian minority in Slovakia. The aim of this study is to determine current Slovak attitudes towards the Slovak Hungarians and to analyse differences in attitudes held by Slovaks in regular direct contact with the Hungarian minority and those with almost no contact. Another aim is to map current attitudes among the Hungarian minority towards the Slovak majority, and to find out how Slovak attitudes are perceived by the minority. The data collection methods were a survey (N = 107) and focus group interviews (N = 36). The results show that Slovaks in regular contact with Slovak Hungarians have significantly more positive general feelings, are less socially distant, and feel less anxious about the Hungarian minority than Slovaks with almost no contact. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of trust and behavioural intention. Group interviews with Slovaks and Slovak Hungarians showed that the biggest obstacle in relations between Slovaks and the Hungarian minority is first language use and the language barrier.
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Jarošová, Alexandra. "Prítomnosť češtiny na Slovensku a aspekt spisovnosti." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 67, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jazcas-2016-0008.
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Abstract The paper aims at giving a retrospective view of the presence of Czech in Slovakia through prism of the concepts language situation, communication situations and standardness. Within the conditions of the feudal heterogeneity of the Hungarian Monarchy and without any distinct cultural and political centre of the Slovaks, in a situation of considerable dialectal variety, the Czech language fulfilled the role of a comprehensible and within the whole society (among educated Slovaks) valid and relatively unified written form of the “local language” (lingua vernacula). In the 14th and the 15th centuries this Czech got only relatively little Slovakized. During the 16th and the 17th centuries two mutually overlapping tendencies of the development of the written language of the Slovaks were being formed: 1. Slovakized Czech, or a Slovak-version Czech, and 2. Regional Variants of Cultural Slovak. Both tendencies found their place in the Catholic as well as in the Protestant environment. In the 2nd half of the 18th century, with continuation into the beginnings of the 19th century, two directions that started to be formed already in the previous period, became crystalized: 1. Under the influence of the progressing re-Catholicization, the Slovakized Czech of the Protestants undertook the direction from diglossia towards “pure” Czech (at least in the sense of an intention), and the Protestant circles unequivocally accepted it as their standard language, sometimes denoting it as reč československá (Czechoslovak language) or českoslovenčina (the Czechoslovak); 2. In the Catholic environment, the cultural Western Slovak of the southern type and called bernolákovčina (Bernolák‘s Slovak) was codified, with the status of an autonomous standard language – a development away form diglossia towards Slovak. It was a period of two standard languages to which Štúr’s codification of Slovak put an end. His codification was based on the northern Central Slovak dialects, and after its modification in the so called opravená slovenčina (“corrected Slovak”) it was accepted by the representatives of both confessions.
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Brown, Scott. "Socialism with a Slovak Face: Federalization, Democratization, and the Prague Spring." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 22, no. 3 (April 16, 2008): 467–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325408315824.
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Exploring the “federalization debate” that occurred in the context of the Prague Spring, this article highlights the diversity of opinions among political elites in Slovakia regarding the federalization and democratization discussions in 1968. The language Slovaks used to call for federalization reveals how they conceive of democracy and democratization, and it shows the variety of meanings Slovaks ascribed to federalization and to the popular slogan, “First federalization, then democratization.” Federalization and democratization were mutually dependent in the minds of many Slovaks. The author argues that Slovak political and cultural figures writing in the late 1960s saw federalization as a necessary precondition for democracy; they regarded the nation as one of the basic units of democracy, which led them to champion institutional safeguards for Slovak national rights as a prerequisite for successful democratization.
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Pekarovičová, Jana. "Klára Buzássyová V Kontexte Sémantizácie Slovenskej Lexiky Cudzincom." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 69, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2019-0037.
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Abstract This paper deals with the characteristics of the scientific research of the renowned Slovak linguist Klára Buzássyová who – as a lecturer at the Studia Academica Slovaca summer school of Slovak language and culture – presented to foreign students the specifics of Slovak lexis and their function in speech within the context of intraand interlingual relationships. In her lectures, she helped students to see Slovak as a developped and modern Central European language which has its own genetic and typological properties and as a language capable of reacting to dynamic changes emerging from the communication needs of language users while respecting current trends in European language policy. Klára Buzássyová presented students with the latest results of her linguistic research and discussed the issues regarding the dynamics of vocabulary with an emphasis on the methods of wordformation, motivation, and the impact on the semantic and stylistic value of lexical units. Her papers, published in the Studia Academica Slovaca proceedings from 1980 to 2001 presented her scientific orientation and became an inspiration for the linguistic and didactic conception of Slovak as a foreign language in the context of the development of Slovak studies in Slovakia as well as abroad.
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f, f. "Czech and Slovak in the mirror of Czech-Slovak relations in the 19th and 21st centuries." Korean Association of Slavic Languages 29, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30530/jsl.2024.29.1.1.
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Czech and Slovak are two close West Slavic languages spoken by two close peoples - Czechs and Slovaks. The socio-historical circumstances led to the emergence of a special coexistence and the creation of a specific passive bilingualism, which was applied in the so-called semi-communication. That semi-communicativeness and passive Czech-Slovak bilingualism was strengthened by the joint broadcasting of Czechoslovak Radio and Czechoslovak Television. After 1989, a new period of democratic development of Czech and Slovak society and language begins. The return to democracy, a new social and economic situation, and new international contacts caused a whole series of changes in both languages as well. Expressions connected with the communist past gradually disappeared from both languages, and expressions that had ceased to be used in the 1950s returned to active use in both languages. On January 1, 1993, based on a law of the Federal Assembly, the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic ceased to exist and two new independent states appeared on the map of Europe - the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic. The paths of the two nations parted peacefully, but they did not stop communicating with each other. Even today, Czechs and Slovaks get along well without major problems, although the younger generations, who were socialized linguistically only after the division of the former Czechoslovakia, may have certain difficulties in communication. To a large extent, Czech-Slovak passive bilingualism and semi-communicative competence persist. However, some research shows that especially the young and the youngest generation of Czech and Slovak speakers understand the second language less and less. During the 20th century, both Czechs and Slovaks went through dramatic twists of fate, they came together and parted ways, but they were always actually together. And Czech and Slovak naturally reflected these twists. They entered the 20th century as languages not quite fully legal and despised by many (Czech was only a regional language, Slovak within Hungary a language intended for gradual Magyarization), they entered the 21st century as official languages of two separate equal states and as official languages of the European Union.
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Kyuchukov, Hristo. "Slovak Language of Roma Children: Mother Tongue or Second Language." Journal of Language and Education 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2015-1-3-6-11.
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This paper presents a study conducted with 40 Roma children from Slovakia, aged between 4-8 years, who are speakers of an ethnolect learned from their parents, but which in Slovak society is not considered to be a “good Slovak language”. Diagnostic tests in the official Slovak language were administered to the children in order to determine how well they know the complex grammatical categories of official Slovak: wh-questions, wh-complements and passive verbs. One hypothesis raised by the study is that the Roma children follow the normal linguistic development path of other children and, by the age of 5, already know the deep structure of complex sentences in Slovak. The results show that although the Roma children grow up with a particular variety of the Slovak language that is an ethnolect, they are able to comprehend and produce deep linguistic structures of Slovak, which serves for them as a mother tongue.
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Shirokova, Liudmila. "Modern Slovakistics ― Coordinates and Vectors. Collection of Reports of the International Scientific Conference Dedicated to the 30th Anniversary of the Teaching of the Slovak Language at the University of St. Kliment Ohridski in Sofia, 28.04.2021 / ed. by V. Panaiotov et al. Sofia: University Publishing House of St. Kliment Ohridsky, 2022. 480 p. (Book Review)." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 18, no. 3-4 (2023): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2023.18.3-4.13.
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In 2022, a collection of articles “Modern Slovakistics ― Coordinates and Vectors” was published, based on the materials of an international scientific conference that took place on 04/28/2021 in Sofia and was dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the beginning of teaching of Slovak language at the University of St. Kliment Ohridsky. The authors of the articles ― scholars and teachers from Bulgaria, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Russia, Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Germany ― consider a whole range of problems related to teaching students in specialties related to the Slovak language, culture, literature, translation skills. The book uses two languages ― Bulgarian and Slovak. The articles are grouped into four sections corresponding to the four main areas in Slovakian studies. The section “The Slovak language in the European context” examines the problems of history and current state of the language, its comparative and culturological aspects. The thematic spectrum of the section “Slovak literature in the European context” ranges from comparative studies and the links of literature with fine arts to trends in modern prose. The articles in the section “Slovak language and translation as a linguistic and cultural phenomenon” are devoted to the traditions of Slovak-Bulgarian literary translations, issues of adequacy and difficulties in translation work. The section “Teaching the Slovak language as a foreign language” contains articles on the peculiarities of the methodology of teaching the Slovak language at Slavic departments, on the problems of grammar of the Slovak language in theoretical and practical terms. A significant number of articles, the quality of research, and the breadth of the authors’ professional interests testify to the importance of the interchange of cultural and spiritual values in the Slavic world.
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Markova, Elena M., and Roman Kvapil. "Teaching Russian in a closely-related Slovak environment." Russian Language Studies 19, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2021-19-2-191-206.
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The article discusses features of studying Russian as a foreign language in schools in Slovakia. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the new socio-political conditions in which Russian is studied as a second foreign language competing with other languages have brought about changes in the status, goals, motives for study, content, approaches to selecting, grouping and presenting material, the methodological concept of teaching. The aim of the work is to identify the features of teaching Russian as a second foreign language in a closely related Slovak language environment. The authors drew on the method of comparison and collation, the method of application (overlaying fragments of language systems), method of component analysis, method of word-formation analysis, methods of analysis of official statistical, sociolinguistic data. In the course of the study, the data of the State Institute for Education Statistics and Forecasts of the Slovak Republic, the peculiarities of Slovak students motivation for learning the Russian language were analyzed, a comparative analysis of the main lexical and grammatical phenomena of the Russian and Slovak languages was carried out. The research resulted in identifying the specifics of Russian as a Slavic language in the status of a second foreign language, the extent of its demand in school practice in Slovakia, reviewing the motives for studying it, and, on the basis of this, developing requirements for selecting, grouping, and studying lexical and grammatical material. The authors see the prospects for teaching the Russian language in Slovakia in combining the system-structural and linguoculturological approaches.
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SZABOLCS, SIMON, and MIKLÓS KONTRA. "Slovak linguists and Slovak language laws: An analysis of Slovak language policy." Multilingua - Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication 19, no. 1-2 (2000): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mult.2000.19.1-2.73.
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Satinská, Lucia Molnár. "Individual language management and language strategies of Hungarian students in Bratislava." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 71, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2021-0004.
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Abstract The paper focuses on the individual language management of Hungarian minority students from Southern Slovakia who migrated to study at university in the capital city of Slovakia, Bratislava. It presents language strategies of five students, based on their language biographies. Each student was interviewed three times during their first three years of study. The language problems of these students include maintaining their mother tongue and improving their skills in Slovak as well as balancing between the two languages in various spheres of life. Factors affecting the language use of the students are family, institutions, peer group and overcoming fear. The students deal with their everyday multilingualism according to several models, which can be described on the axis between Hungarian only to Slovak only, but the students mostly find themselves somewhere in between the two, depending on various spheres (family, university, jobs, peers).
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Pallay, Jozef. "Testing the Lexical Competence of German in Slovak-German and German(Austrian)-Czech/Slovak Adolescent Bilinguals." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 65, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2014-0004.
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Abstract The paper builds on our previous work in the field of bilingual education and/ or the process of natural bilingualisation of Slovak-German bilinguals in Slovak educational diasporas (educational islands) in Austria. Starting point of psycholinguistic testing based on classic American Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test ( PPVT -III in its revised and German version) presented in this paper is the thesis of initial lagging behind of linguistic (lexical, grammatical) competence level of language L2 of bilingual children from preschool age in relation to various sociolinguistic variables, which, however, with age may, under certain favourable conditions nearly equal competence of monolinguals and in the area of reception of language even exceed it. For testing the reception levels of German mental lexicon we used two approximately equally large groups of respondents in a bilingual secondary grammar school in Bratislava and Vienna. The hypothesis of our research was that bilingual Austrian-Czech/Slovak bilinguals from Austria would achieve significantly better results than the Slovak-German bilinguals from Slovakia. The test results, however, surprisingly disproved our hypothesis and want to contribute to the debate on setting minimum standards of language competence of bilinguals as well as on optimisation of conditions of bilingual or monolingual education of not only Slovaks abroad.
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Valentová, Iveta. "Slovenské exonymá a niektoré ich aktuálne problémy." Onomastica 65, no. 1 (2021): 39–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17651/onomast.65.1.2.
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Exonyms are an integral part of every language, history and material and spiritual culture of individual nations. Slovak, like any other language, has the right to adapt foreign names to its needs. There is no doubt about the social importance and significance of the standardization of geographical names, including exonyms, also for communication and exact identification of the object. When standardizing exonyms as well as other kinds of toponyms, it is necessary to take into account not only the language system and the literary language, but also the forms used in various spheres of communication. Social and political factories of international character have a much greater influence on the standardization of exonyms, in comparison to other kinds of toponyms. The paper deals with the definition of the term exonym and the suitability of the Slovak domestic term “vžitý názov” (conventional name), given that some exonyms are not characterized by the sign of ‘conventionality’, i. e. the standardized form is no longer used, or the form that is not used in communication is standardized. The author briefly characterizes the basic types of Slovak exonyms and some of their orthographic problems, which were solved in the past, the principles of standardization of exonyms and recommendations in connection with the use of exonyms and endonyms. The next part of the paper is devoted to some current issues related to the standardization of some exonyms, such as the standardization of the abbreviated Slovak names of the state “Spojené kráľovstvo, Veľká Británia” (United Kingdom, Great Britain), the standardization of two Slovak exonyms for one object or previously standardized forms of Slovak exonyms for some names of municipalities in Hungary with a Slovak national minority, which are not used today among Slovaks in Hungary. A long-term problem is incorrectly formed and used exonyms of Slovak geographical objects in translations of Slovak texts into foreign languages.
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Böhmerová, Adela. "Historical Aspects of Early Contacts of Slovaks with English." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.19.2.63-85.
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This study is devoted to tracing, presenting and linguo-culturally interpreting some of the aspects of the early history of the contacts of Slovaks with the English language. Although English in Slovakia started to be of interest to several men of letters already in the 18th century, the need for it as means of communication only arose in the US in the second half of the 19th century among Slovak immigrants. The paper focuses above all on Janko Slovenský’s book as the first material assisting Slovaks in the acquisition of English, and analyses its content, educational merit and cultural value. Also surveyed is the history of the first dictionaries contrasting English and Slovak. The final part introduces the beginnings of English studies in Slovakia dating from the early 1920s, and their early development. The study offers insight into an educationally important subject that so far has only marginally received scholarly attention.
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HANULÍKOVÁ, ADRIANA, HOLGER MITTERER, and JAMES M. MCQUEEN. "Effects of first and second language on segmentation of non-native speech." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14, no. 4 (July 11, 2011): 506–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728910000428.
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Do Slovak–German bilinguals apply native Slovak phonological and lexical knowledge when segmenting German speech? When Slovaks listen to their native language, segmentation is impaired when fixed-stress cues are absent (Hanulíková, McQueen & Mitterer, 2010), and, following the Possible-Word Constraint (PWC; Norris, McQueen, Cutler & Butterfield, 1997), lexical candidates are disfavored if segmentation leads to vowelless residues, unless those residues are existing Slovak words. In the present study, fixed-stress cues on German target words were again absent. Nevertheless, in support of the PWC, both German and Slovak listeners recognized German words (e.g., Rose “rose”) faster in syllable contexts (suckrose) than in single-consonant contexts (krose, trose). But only the Slovak listeners recognized, for example, Rose faster in krose than in trose (k is a Slovak word, t is not). It appears that non-native listeners can suppress native stress segmentation procedures, but that they suffer from prevailing interference from native lexical knowledge.
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SHORT, DAVID. "SLOVAK STUDIES: LANGUAGE." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 46, no. 1 (March 13, 1985): 943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90002687.
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SHORT, DAVID. "SLOVAK STUDIES: LANGUAGE." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 47, no. 1 (March 13, 1986): 933–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90002763.
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NAUGHTON, JAMES. "SLOVAK STUDIES: LANGUAGE." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 48, no. 1 (March 13, 1987): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90002843.
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NAUGHTON, JAMES. "SLOVAK STUDIES: LANGUAGE." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 49, no. 1 (March 13, 1988): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90002916.
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NAUGHTON, JAMES. "SLOVAK STUDIES: LANGUAGE." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 50, no. 1 (March 13, 1989): 994–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90002992.
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NAUGHTON, JAMES. "SLOVAK STUDIES: LANGUAGE." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 51, no. 1 (March 13, 1990): 922–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90003068.
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NAUGHTON, JAMES. "SLOVAK STUDIES: LANGUAGE." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 52, no. 1 (March 13, 1991): 914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90003142.
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NAUGHTON, JAMES. "SLOVAK STUDIES: LANGUAGE." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 53, no. 1 (March 13, 1992): 946–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90003214.
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NAUGHTON, JAMES. "SLOVAK STUDIES: LANGUAGE." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 54, no. 1 (March 13, 1993): 980–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90003290.
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Panocová, Renáta. "Attitudes towards Anglicisms in Contemporary Standard Slovak." International Journal of Lexicography 33, no. 2 (April 14, 2020): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecaa006.
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Abstract The extensive spread of anglicisms in the last decades is a tendency that can be observed in a number of languages, including Slovak. This situation immediately raises concerns about the possible effects on national languages. In Slovakia, the attitudes to borrowings from English find their place between two poles of a continuum. On one hand, there are Slovak users (not only linguists) who are strongly against borrowings and especially anglicisms. Some even consider them a serious threat to Slovak as a national language which is part of Slovak identity. On the other hand, some users are keen to use English words in their Slovak. Then many Slovak speakers are confused as to what is acceptable and seek help from an official authority. The authority is represented by Jazykovedný ústav Ľudovíta Štúra Slovenskej akadémie vied (Ľudovít Štúr Institute of Linguistics of the Slovak Academy of Science). The Institute has set up a Linguistic Advice Service to answer questions about correct use. There is a database of the questions and answers which can be searched by key words or browsed in alphabetical order. The analysis focuses on the queries concerning anglicisms. The results of the analysis show how different attitudes to anglicisms in Slovak correlate with the lexicographic treatment of the words.
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Valentsova, Marina M., and Elena S. Uzeneva. "25 years of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Slovak Academy of Sciences." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 15, no. 3-4 (2020): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2020.15.3-4.16.
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The essay was written to mark the 25th anniversary of the Slavic Institute named after Jan Stanislav SAS (Bratislava). The Institute was founded to conduct interdisciplinary research on the relationships of the Slovak language and culture with other Slavic languages and cultures, as well as to study the Slovak-Latin, Slovak-Hungarian, and Slovak-German cultural and linguistic interactions in ancient times and the Middle Ages. The article introduces the main milestones in the formation and development of the Institute, its employees, the directions of their scientific work, and their significant publications. The main areas of research of the Slavic Institute (initially the Slavic Cabinet) cover linguistics (lexicography, history of language), history, folklore, cultural studies, musicology, and textology. Much attention is paid to the annotated translation of foreign religious texts into Slovak. A valuable contribution of the Institute to Slavic Studies is the creation of a database of Cyrillic and Latin handwritten and printed texts related to the Byzantine-Slavic tradition in Slovakia.
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Habijanec, Siniša. "Why does the word dcéra (‘daughter’) contain a long é?" Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 72, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2021-0029.
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Abstract The paper aims to explain the origin of the long é in the Slovak word dcéra ‘daughter’, which is the only word of the original lexical layer that has a long é in its root. Its length is difficult to explain by comparative Slavic accentology since relevant languages generally show a short vowel in this position. Another peculiarity of this word is the fact that é did not undergo the Central Slovak diphthongization that otherwise regularly occurs after c. The author offers a solution in the cultural influence of Czech, which Slovaks had been using as a written language for centuries. It is argued that the original Common Slavic word *dъťi had been lost in Slovak and replaced by a word *děvъka, while dcera was introduced into the Slovak vernacular through Czech religious texts. The initial Czech graphic cluster dc- had been realized as a geminated [cː] by Slovak priests, the pronunciation of which was interpreted as compensatory lengthening of the following vowel, and this length was subsequently phonologized. The lengthening of e and consequent phonologization could be linked to the spread of Czech printed books, so it must be posterior to the Central Slovak diphthongization.
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Kročanová, Dagmar. "Slovak Language Teaching in Italy in the Context of Slovak-Italian Cultural Relationships." Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 48, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for21.28obu.
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The initial part of the paper describes the history of Slovak language and culture teaching in Italy, namely, Slovak lectorates at University of Naples L´Orientale, University of Rome Sapienza, and University of Bologna in Forlì. The central part of the paper discusses the foundation, development and activities of the most recent lectorate, founded in 2006, and currently affiliated with the Department of Interpreting and Translating at University of Bologna in Forlì. The paper mentions the circumstances related to the foundation of the lectorate, especially the message of Alexander Dubček (1921 – 1992) upon whom University of Bologna conferred the honorary doctorate in 1988. The paper discusses various activities of the lectorate (language teaching, research and publishing, promoting Slovakia and Slovak culture). It mentions the collaboration with Slovak and Italian institutions, including the Embassy of Slovak Republic in Rome, Slovak Institute in Rome and Honorary Consulate of Slovak Republic in Forlì. The final part of the paper mentions the current situation and perspectives of Slovak studies in Italy.
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Sokolovic, Dalibor. "Language loyalty and ethnolinguistic solidarity of members of the Slovak language community in Vojvodina." Juznoslovenski filolog 73, no. 1-2 (2017): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1702155s.
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This paper analyses the impact of linguistic loyalty and solidarity on the preservation of the Slovak language community in Vojvodina. These factors represent an essential element in the model of linguistic description of a language community in a minority position. In the first part of the paper, we present the structure and components of ethnolinguistic solidarity of the Slovak community in Vojvodina, and in the second we show results of the survey conducted in 2014 among members of the community related to the level of their linguistic loyalty. Language attitudes of members of the Slovak language community in Vojvodina presented in this analysis bring us new insight into the structure of ethnolinguistic solidarity and reveal the reasons and motivation of their linguistic loyalty, or the absence of it. Vojvodinian Slovaks consider their own language as the most important constituent of their ethnicity, but the survey nonetheless also identified characteristics of the initial phase of the process of language relativisation, as well as a reduction of its role as the cultural marker of the community.
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Švecová, Adriana. "Švecová, Adriana, Deutsch-slowakische interlinguale Parallelen in der Erbrechtsterminologie am Beispiel der Tyrnauer Bürgertestamente des 18. und der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 136, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 229–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2019-0008.
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Abstract The Interlingual German-Slovak Parallels in the Law of Succession Terminology of the Trnava Burgher Testaments from the 18th and 19th Centuries. The author focused on the terminology related to German and Slovak testaments from the 18th and 19th centuries, which can be found in the Slovak State archive in Trnava (town in the northern part of the Hungarian Kingdom, more precisely in its part called Upper Hungary which is the present-day Slovakia). The terms’ analysis was descriptive and comparative. The the research analyzes the historical language (gained through archival research), it reflects the legal-historical background and the relation of language and terminology. This research paper is of comparative character and gives evidence of how German language influenced the Slovak language due to interlingual coexistence of these two ethnic groups, dominant in the urban areas of the Upper Hungary region, i.e. the present-day Slovakia.
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Lifanov, K. V. "Two types of slovakization of Czech texts in the Middle Ages and Modern Age." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 28, no. 4 (January 5, 2023): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2022-28-4-130-138.
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The purpose of the article is to examine the nature of the Slovakization of Czech texts that were created in Slovakia in the Middle Ages and in modern times. A comparison of texts created by authors belonging to different confessions made it possible to single out the main, most common type, typical of texts, primarily among Catholics, and another type, represented in the texts of Lutheran authors. The first, Catholic, type of Slovakization originates in the texts of the XVI century and is evolving. Its final stage is the codification of the Slovak literary language by the Catholic priest A. Bernolk (17871790). It originates initially in southwestern Slovakia, and then spreads throughout the entire territory of Slovakia. In this regard, the Slovak elements presented in it are of Western Slovak and common Slovak origin. The second type, emerging in the XVII century, had a rather limited functioning and did not become the leading one even among the Lutherans. It should be noted that in Slovak literature the prevailing point of view is that Slovak Lutherans used the Czech language in spiritual literature without any changes, but this is not entirely true, which is proved by the reviewed work of D. Pribi. At the same time, the Lutheran type of Slovakization had differences from the Catholic one, including of a genetic nature, since the Slovakisms represented in it characterized primarily the northern dialects of the Middle Slovak dialect. At the same time, the common Slovak elements presented in it did not coincide in everything with the common Slovak elements that characterized the language of Catholics. Moreover, the use of this type of Slovakization in spiritual literature at the beginning of the XVIII century was officially banned by the Lutheran superintendent D. Krman. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that it was the Middle Slovak dialect that was chosen as the basis of the new literary language proposed in 1844 by the Lutheran Ľ. tr.
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Лифанов, Константин Васильевич. "Из истории становления словацкого литературного языка: кодификация А. Бернолака и формирование нормы в текстах бернолаковцев А. Руднаи и Ф. К. Габела." Slavistica Vilnensis 56, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2011.2.1453.
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Konstantin V. LifanovFrom the History of Formation of the Slovak Literary Language: A. Bernolák’s Codification and Norm Formation in Texts of Bernolák’s Supporters A. Rudnay and Fr.K. Habel This paper deals with Bernolák’s codification in comparison with the real form of Bernolák’s literary language presented in sermons of the Hungarian Cardinal A. Rudnay and translation of the religious treatise from German by Fr. X. Habel. This comparison shows that in real practice Bernolák’s language changed its character, coming nearer to norm of traditional Slovak writing. As a result typical elements, the most widespread in a West Slovak dialect or characterizing peripheral the Záhorie dialect of West Slovakia and the Czech language, forced out the elements concentrated in the Central Slovak dialect. The found out phenomena testifies that the norm essentially different from codification was formed in Bernolák‘s language.
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Weber, Nora. "Feminism, Patriarchy, Nationalism, and Women in Fin-de-Siècle Slovakia." Nationalities Papers 25, no. 1 (March 1997): 35–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999708408489.
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The association of nationalist consciousness and feminist ideology in Slovakia in the late nineteenth century was a protracted and uneven process. This conclusion rests upon the results of this study which examines the feminist and nationalist views of Slovak women intelligentsia who were at the forefront of Slovak nationalist efforts. It explores responses of leading Slovak women to the following issues of nationalist concern: traditional Slovak patriarchy, women's education, and Western feminism. It demonstrates that in Slovakia, gender was not the primary factor determining women's loyalties; there were other connecting allegiances and loyalties to the nation and the community. Slovak women developed their own unique concept of gender equality that aided Slovak nationalist efforts. In doing so they employed the language of motherhood, domestic duties, and religious commitment.Around the turn of the century, a small group of Slovak women intelligentsia attempted to reconcile their own agenda with contemporary nationalist, social, and political currents. Spurred by nationalist efforts of the Slovak male intelligentsia, middle-class women tried to determine what type of new nationalist woman should replace the traditional woman. This question was answered by five women, in four very distinct ways: (1) Ľudmila Ríznerová-Podjavorinská portrayed the goals of Western feminism as a danger to Slovaks; (2) Elena Maróthy-Šolthésová and Terézia Medvecká Vansová encouraged the growth of Christian feminism; (3) Marína Ormisová-Maliaková favored the introduction of pragmatic feminism in Slovak nationalist efforts; and (4) Hana Lilge-Gregorová argued for the establishment of Western feminism as the basis of social and national development. Although the personal lives of these five women represent the social and national distress of the Slovak people, they also show women's fight for the acceptance of new ideas which would improve the fate of their sisters and their nation. Yet this small collection of feminist intellectuals could not and did not effect Slovak public opinion in any substantial way. Their influence, except perhaps that of Hana Lilge-Gregorová, did not stretch beyond the Slovak urban middle-class milieu.
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Onušková, Mária, and Mária Pisoňová. "Management of professional education focusing on the teaching of the Slovak Language as a Foreign Language in the context of emigration processes." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jolace-2023-0026.
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Abstract Society in Slovakia is currently determined by upheavals that are linked to global events. Slovak education is most significantly affected by the war in Ukraine. It is connected with the emigration of foreigners to our territory and the subsequent inclusion of pupils with a different language in primary and secondary schools. Based on this extraordinary situation, there is a need to respond to it flexibly and efficiently. Appropriate management mechanisms based on the principles of school management and educational technology are required with a focus on ensuring adequate preparation of Slovak language teachers for teaching pupils whose mother tongue is other than Slovak. Effective tools for solving the situation has not been created by the Slovak education system. The fulfillment of this challenge is the necessary implementation of an analysis of the high-quality educational needs of teachers and the subsequent implementation of its results for the creation of a suitable educational platform, either as part of undergraduate training or further professional education of teaching staff. The presented study is therefore focused on the description of the theoretical foundations of the term professional education of Slovak language and literature teachers with an emphasis on the teaching of the Slovak language as a foreign language. The results of empirical research identifying and analyzing the educational needs of the concerned teaching staff through adequate research methods are included. At the end of the scientific study, the key determinants of the creation of specific educational programs intended for the education of pupils with a mother tongue other than Slovak will be presented.
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Szabómihály, Gizella. "Languages and actors in the linguistic landscape in the Slovak-Hungarian ethnically mixed area in Slovakia." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 71, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2021-0001.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to characterize the linguistic landscape of municipalities in Slovakia inhabited by Hungarian minority. Empirical data come from two sources: from BA and MA theses, which were defended in 2015 – 2020 at the Institute of Hungarian Linguistics and Literary Studies at the Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra and from research project VEGA “Minority variety of the Hungarian language in Slovakia”. As part of the above field research, the linguistic landscape of 82 municipalities in which the Hungarian population makes up at least 20% of the population was mapped. The results fundamentally confirm the research findings of P. Laihonen, who studied linguistic landscape in two municipalities. In all municipalities, the most frequent language was Slovak, this applies to all types of analyzed signs with texts (inscriptions of state and municipal authorities, commercial and private signs). Slovak occurs on at least 80% of signs, the representation of Hungarian as the second most frequent language is between 25 – 55%. The most bilingual Slovak-Hungarian signs are in the southwest of Slovakia, where the largest Hungarian minority lives and where Hungarians form the local majority. On bilingual Slovak-Hungarian signs, the preferred language is Slovak, in terms of information content, it is a duplicate publication of information. Municipal authorities and the commercial sphere have the greatest influence on the formation of the linguistic landscape.
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КНЯЗЬКОВА, В. С. "Словацкая литература в русскоязычном и украиноязычном пространстве: обзор современной ситуации." Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 64, no. 1 (June 2019): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/060.2019.64106.
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This paper is devoted to the question of Slovak-Russian and Slovak-Ukrainian literary contacts. The tradition of literary translation from Slovak into these two Slavic languages dates back to the moment of codification of the Slovak literary language in the mid-19th century. Since then, it has always been under the pressure of political circumstances. In the initial phase, it was interest to the process of national revival of Slavic peoples in the mid- 19th century. The second period of high interest was during the socialist times from the 1960s to the 1980s (this period is mostly prolific for Russian translations from Slovak; on the contrary, the amount of translations into Ukrainian was scanty as Russian language was common for all Soviet nations). There was also a period of total absence of any translation activity from Slovak into Russian during the 1990s. In between these phases, literary translations from Slovak were the fact of personal initiative. The latter is the situation of the present day both in Russia and in Ukraine. That is why when listing the titles translated for the last thirty years, it is crucial to name the most prominent translators and researchers. And this fact is also the cause why the choice of the Slovak works differs greatly, with the same amount of translated titles from Slovak into Russian and Ukrainian. For the last two decades, about twenty Slovak works have been translated into both Russian and Ukrainian, but except for a novel Zóna nadšenia [Enthusiasm Zone] by J. Banaš, there is not a single work of modern Slovak literature translated into both languages. Many significant works of modern Slovak literature are not translated into neither Russian or Ukrainian (for example, there is not a single book edition of the works of P. Vilikovský, P. Pišťanek, D. Kapitáňová, etc.). The most active translators into Ukrainian are researchers and writers living on the territory of Slovak-Ukrainian border T. Likhtei, I. Yatskanin, and some others. In Russia, the most prominent translators from Slovak are Moscow researchers A. Mashkova, A. Peskova, L. Shirokova, and others. The lack of active perception of Slovak literature in foreign language space leads to the inevitable occurrence of a number of translation errors and inaccuracies. This lack also brings about the problem of translation studies and comparative studies, which in Slovakia are based on the translations from Russian into Slovak. The conclusion is made that in spite of the historical, lingual, cultural, and territorial proximity and intense literary contacts in the past, neither Russian, nor Ukrainian space is familiar with the contemporary Slovak literature today. The explanation of this fact may lie in the Slovak self-consciousness, which is much more Central European than Slavic. This observation is made on the basis of the analysis of Slovak literary works as well as previous research mentioned in the paper.
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Mira, Nábělková. "Ještě dneska mám zimomriavky, když si na ten nádherný příběh vzpomenu... Slovakizmy v češtine ako výsledok aj dôkaz česko-slovenského jazykového kontaktu." Česko-slovenská historická ročenka 24, no. 1 (2022): 107–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cshr.2022.24.1.5.
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Slovakisms in Czech as a result of the linguistic contact of Czechs and Slovaks are a specific subject of interest from the viewpoint of linguistic, but not only linguistic analysis. The contacts between Czech and Slovak,which are closely-related and mutually understandable Western Slavic languages, led to the presence of contact phenomena in the both languages. While bohemisms in Slovak have been attracting wide expert and lay attention, slovakisms in Czech, which originated in various historical periods, remain, by comparison, less explored. The paper introduces the view on slovakisms based on several sources, including their description in the Czech dictionaries of the National Revival period, compared with the dictionaries of the 20th century. Furthermore, various linguistic works focussed on slovakisms and also specific forms of their introduction into contemporary Czech texts, often come with metalinguistic comments that document their evaluation from the point of view of Czech speakers. The word zimomriavky is a suitable example for such procedure. A deeper look at the slovakisms in Czech confirms them not only being a result of the mutual language contact but, at the same time, as the clear proof of the language contact and a way to gain specific knowledge of the historical, social and political background of the Czech-Slovak language contact.
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Vrućinić, Jelena, Vesela Milankov, Ivana Matić, Staša Ivezić, and Milica Stelkić. "Complexity of syntactic structure in non-native language in bilingual children." Norma 26, no. 1 (2021): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/norma2101081v.
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Serbian and Slovak are related languages and both languages belong to the group of Slavic languages. It is important to point out that bilingualism can have a negative impact on children's education, especially when they are not equally exposed to the use of both languages, as is the case with Slovaks in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of this paper is to determine the complexity of the syntactic structure in the non - mother tongue in bilingual children whose mother tongue is Slovak. The sample of children included forty children aged 7 years. The research was conducted at the Elementary School "Ljudovit Stur" in Kisac, and at the Elementary School "Jozef Marchok Dragutin" in Glozan. The assessment instruments used were: "Speech-language production test" and a bilingual questionnaire. The results obtained in this research speak in favor of a more complex syntactic sentence structure in bilingual children in their mother tongue compared to their non-mother tongue. We can conclude that bilingualism as a phenomenon has a great influence on the development of language, and thus on syntactic development. Slow language development can often occur due to the complexity of acquiring two languages at the same time.
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Szőköl, István, and Andrea Puskás. "Basic pillars of the concept and strategy of teaching Slovak language and Slovak literature in primary schools with Hungarian as the language of instruction." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 9, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jolace-2021-0007.
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Abstract Slovak language and Slovak literature is a specific subject in schools with Hungarian as the language of instruction and occupies a leading place in the hierarchy of subjects. Its specific role is determined by the fact that Slovak language has the status of a state language in the Slovak Republic, it is the language of the majority, a means of communication, i.e. a tool for communication for citizens of Hungarian nationality with citizens of other nationalities in the Slovak Republic and at the same time it is a second (specific target) language in schools with Hungarian as the language of instruction. Social requirements are taken into account when planning the curriculum and the educational process. Children and pupils of citizens belonging to national minorities and ethnic groups are guaranteed the right to learn the state language. The educational process in schools with the language of instruction of nationalities is carried out in accordance with the instrument of ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The importance of being able to speak the majority language by members of minorities is supported by a number of European recommendations. The paper deals with the concept and strategy of teaching Slovak language and Slovak literature as well as its central position: helping the overall personal development of students, acquiring habits of good behaviour, especially in the field of speech, positively influencing the development of language-analogous abilities, the development of feelings connected with the language, creativity and positive attitudes towards Slovak language.
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Lifanov, Konstantin. "History in the language of “Levoča Formulas of Oaths” from the 16th–19th centuries." Stephanos Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 51, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2022-51-1-33-41.
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The article examines the changes caused by historical events in the language of oaths created in the Eastern Slovak city of Levocha for several centuries. These events include the transfer of several neighboring cities as collateral to the Polish Kingdom, the increasing importance of Western Slovakia after the inclusion of most of the Hungarian Kingdom into the Ottoman Empire, the Reformation and recatolization of the population. At the same time, the language of the monument demonstrates that the trends in the development of its language, despite the deviations, generally coincided with the general Slovak ones, which led to the unification of the written language according to the Southwestern Slovak model, although with minor regional differences.
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Jesenská, Petra. "Questioning the Usage of Generic Masculine and Reflection of Objective Reality with Regard to the Function of Language (Demonstrated on the Slovak and English Examples)." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 2(2020) (June 25, 2020): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2020-2-113-124.
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The English language uses dual gender which is an umbrella term for including fe/males, e.g. student, doctor, teacher, president, minister, opponent, etc. In Slavic languages, e.g. in the Slovak language it works differently. Suffixes reflect grammatical and natural gender of lexemes referring to occupation, activity or the position of a person in the public sphere. And so the gender is recognized by means of a masculine or feminine suffix. In effort to become economical with language and to avoid misunderstandings as well, generic masculine (GM), i.e. preferring dominant masculine gender whereever possible, was introduced in the past. It used to be working for some time without doubting or questioning GM. However, this is no longer true as far as females realize that there is no real existence without their real presence in language. And so what is inherently present in English due to its typological type of language known as analytical, must be reconsidered in some Slavic languages due to their flexive nature. This was investigated by several means: approach of professional language workers for dictionary, appearances of frequencies in the Slovak National Corpus, Google and Census which took place in 2011 in Slovakia. The Census reveals the real numbers of fe/males in their public positions (i.e. occupations and jobs). The analysis and further comparison bring both relevant information and uncover discrepancies between language and reality. It turns out that reality is manipulated via language which has appropriate means to include both genders in public discourse in order to avoid gender stereotypes which are present in more or less sexist society. Remark: In the paper Slovak examples are left without specific Slovak signs in order to avoid misinterpretation by formal publishing mistakes and problems.
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Koscelníková, Mária. "The localization of video games into less widely spoken languages that share a common history." Journal of Internationalization and Localization 8, no. 1 (September 13, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jial.20013.kos.
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Abstract Even though video games are highly popular, localization into Slovak is rather rare and the language struggles to maintain a presence in the video game industry. This is partly because Slovak is a less widely spoken language, and also because it is mutually intelligible with the more dominant Czech language, having a common history. Our paper examines the Slovak-Czech parallels in the respective language-, audiovisual- and multimedia- related legislation as well as market practices. A similar comparative analysis is conducted with other less widely spoken European languages, namely Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian. Our results show that among the examined languages, Czech is by far in the strongest position as a supported language in video games on various platforms whereas Slovak, Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian are hardly present. We hope that the results of our research will stimulate the discussion on this issue.
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Vass, Ágnes. "If Yes, Why Not? Minority Language Use and Accommodation of Minority Language Rights in Slovakia." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auseur-2015-0012.
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Abstract This article gives an overview of the actual situation of language rights in Slovakia, focusing mainly on the minority language usage. The status of minority languages in Slovakia is still a politicized question and a series of conflicts arose especially between Slovak political elites and the representatives of ethnic Hungarians because of the controversial legislation of minority language rights. Slovakia was subjected in the field of minority protection and heavily criticized during the adoption of the State Language Law. Strict regulations on the use of state language have negative effects on the use of minority languages as well. In spite of the fact that in 1999 the Law on Use of Minority Languages was adopted and Slovakia ratified all of the international agreements in this field, the problem of minority language usage was not solved. This legal vacuum motivated the Hungarian civil sphere to take alternative actions in order to ensure bilingualism and promote the use of minority languages in official communication. Summarizing the legal accommodation of minority language rights, this paper is devoted to examine a recently less-observed civil activism supporting the use of regional languages in Slovakia.
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KAPALKOVÁ, SVETLANA, KAMILA POLIŠENSKÁ, LENKA MARKOVÁ, and JAMES FENTON. "Narrative abilities in early successive bilingual Slovak–English children: A cross-language comparison." Applied Psycholinguistics 37, no. 1 (December 9, 2015): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716415000454.
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ABSTRACTThis study investigates macrostructure skill transfer in successive bilingual children speaking Slovak and English, a new language combination for narrative research. We examined whether narrative performance reflected language dominance and assessed relationships between nonword repetition (NWR) and narrative skills within and across languages. Forty typically developing Slovak–English bilingual children (mean age = 5 years, 10 months) were evaluated for microstructure and macrostructure performance in both languages through story telling and retelling tasks. In addition, NWR was assessed in Slovak, the children's first language (L1). Macrostructure scores were higher in their L1 than in their second language (L2), but comprehension did not differ across languages. L1 NWR was significantly related to L1 microstructure scores, but not to L1/L2 macrostructure or L2 microstructure. Implications for assessing bilingual children's language are discussed.
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Kopčíková, Terézia. "The Role of Language in the Ethnic Identification of the Cuban Minority in Slovakia." Anthropos 117, no. 2 (2022): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2022-2-467.
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There are many different views on what role language plays in ethnic identification. This article is focused on the given issue based on the sample of the Cuban minority living in Slovakia. The topic is analyzed on a sample of Cubans living in the territory of Slovakia in a time frame ranging from 1 to 37 years as well as their descendants who come from mixed Slovak-Cuban families. In this article I am dealing with the impact of the Spanish, Slovak, Hungarian, and English language.
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Vančo, Ildikó, and István Közmács. "A szlovákiai magyar nyelvváltozat mint identitásképző tényező." Acta Academiae Beregsasiensis, Philologica II, no. 2 (December 16, 2023): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.58423/2786-6726/2023-2-9-31.
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The Hungarian language variety in Slovakia as a factor of identity The aim of our research was to examine the elements of Hungarian identity in Slovakia, including its relationship to the Hungarian language variety in Slovakia. Negative perceptions of language varieties (as reflected in school textbooks, among other things), the minimal theoretical knowledge of language varieties, the expectation of using the Hungarian standard, can alienate language users from their own vernacular. On the contrary, the acceptance of a language variety can contribute to the survival and survival of the national/linguistic minority. The research data suggest that the group of Hungarian language users in Slovakia have a strong sense of Hungarian identity, and that there is no significant difference between the identities of students who study in Hungarian, Hungarian and Slovak or only Slovak and those of mixed age and education. The use of this language variety does not separate Hungarians living beyond the border from Hungarians; on the contrary, the regional language variety can contribute to the development of the Hungarian identity and uniqueness of the Hungarian minority in Slovakia, as well as a certain degree of unity. Keywords: language variety, standard, Hungarian minority in Slovakia
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Onuskova, Maria, and Maria Pisonova. "EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF TEACHERS OF SLOVAK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE WITH AN EMPHASIS ON SLOVAK LANGUAGE AS A SECOND LANGUAGE FOR PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION INTENTIONS." Slavonic Pedagogical Studies Journal 11, no. 2 (September 2022): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/pg.2022.11.2.1.
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Currently, our society is determined by various changes related to global events. The most significant of them, which also affected education, is the war in Ukraine and the wave of arrival of foreigners arriving to our territory. This is also related to the inclusion of pupils with a different mother tongue in primary and secondary schools and the growing need for teachers to use more often the didactics of the Slovak language as a second language in practice. The teachers also respond to the mentioned change with their demand for a flexible transfer of the methodology of the Slovak language and literature with an emphasis on the Slovak language as a second language which, however, has its own specifics. For this reason, it is necessary for teachers to develop their professional competences with the support of legitimate options within the framework of professional (further) education. In this paper, we focus on the description of the theoretical foundations of the term professional education of Slovak language and literature teachers with an emphasis on the teaching of the Slovak language as a second language. At the same time, the paper presents partial results of the research aimed at identifying and analyzing the educational needs of teachers of Slovak language and literature with an emphasis on Slovak as a second language.
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Kowalská, Eva. "Problems with the Interpretation of the “Slovak Reformation”." Journal of Early Modern Christianity 7, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jemc-2020-2026.
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AbstractStructural problems of communities affected by the “Slovak Reformation,” issues with accepting the situation or simply the relationships among various cultural phenomena, like literacy or language policies, are key aspects in studying the impact of the Reformation in Hungary, especially with respect to Slovaks. Information gathered from the Reformation had a direct and long-lasting impact on the formation of vernacular language, as well as on the search for and the construction of an ethnic identity. Searching for evidence left by the Slovak presence in the Reformation movement thus presents challenging though notable problems for Slovak historiography. The confessional division and its political as well as cultural implications have evoked long-lasting discussions among historians as well as politicians. This study focuses on the most relevant issues within these processes.
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Hudcovičová, Marianna. "PRODUCTIVITY OF SELECTED SUFFIXES IN THE TERMS OF MATHEMATICS." SCIENCE International Journal 2, no. 1 (March 16, 2023): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/sciencej020107h.
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The article deals with the analysis of mathematical terms, i.e. simple nouns. Complex terms are avoided in order to prepare a detailed lexico-grammatical analysis. The research examines the term formation within the word class of nouns. Origins of the English and Slovak terms are analysed, described and compared. Latin and Greek languages are languages of science for the English language. The original languages of terms in both languages. Furthemore, Slovak terminological equivalents are compared with the English ones in term preference the Latin/Greek term or the native term if exists. According to term formation processes, the following suffixes representing bound morphemes are analysed: -er, -or, -ion. The terms formed by affixation using the selected suffixes are compared with the Slovak counterparts in terminology of mathematics. Terms are analysed according to principles for term formation. The following principles should be followed in the formation of terms and appellations, as far as possible and as appropriate to the language: transparency; ⎯ consistency; ⎯ appropriateness, linguistic economy; ⎯ derivability and compoundability; ⎯ linguistic correctness; ⎯ preference for native language. Subject of analysis are terms taken from the Slovak National Corpus 10.0, i.e. English –Slovak Parallel Corpus 4.0 en, Slovak –English Parallel Corpus 4.0 sk and the British National Corpus. In the research, electronic corpora are applied. They use mathematical ad statistical methods to evaluate e.g. occurrence, frequency, collocability of words. The previous mentioned methods are taken into consideration and help to prepare the effective, precise and objective analysis of the planned analysis. The research is based on both languages and comparison of terms in both parts of the corpus. Specific trends and tendencies in the strategies of term formation are analysed. Descriptive method is used and the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis are applied. Due to analysis of two languages, contrastive and comparative approaches are entailed. Terminology records of terms are examined from lexico-grammatical point of view and on the basis of term-formation tendencies in each analysed language. i.e. Slovak language and English language. Records include entry, identification number, reference to the term, synonyms, subject field, formula, abbreviation, context, reference to the context, definition, reference to the definition.
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Karabová, Katarína. "PLACE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF LATINISMS IN THE SLOVAK VOCABULARY." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 4, no. 3 (September 2014): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.091403.
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Vocabulary of any language undergoes a natural evolution. In many cases this centuries-long process is related to several factors, including the penetration of new words into the language lexis. Similarly, the historical development of the Slovak language and its enhancement can be observed by examining the adoption of words from other languages. At a time when Latin was the only official language as well as the language of scholars and religious institutions in the Hungarian Kingdom, the penetration of Latinisms into the lexis of the old Slovak was significant. This trend was still evident in the 18th and 19th centuries marked by the beginning revivalist efforts. Domestication of adopted words - that initially stood at the edge of the language standard - was significantly influenced by innovative trends and technologies. The study does not primarily examine penetration of foreign words from modern languages, but it aims to analyse the process of naturalisation of Latinisms in Slovak and their use at different language levels.