Academic literature on the topic 'Slow dynamic interactions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Slow dynamic interactions"
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Kitazawa, Soichiro, Maho Yagi-Utsumi, Koichi Kato, and Ryo Kitahara. "Interactions Controlling the Slow Dynamic Conformational Motions of Ubiquitin." Molecules 22, no. 9 (2017): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22091414.
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Ashwin, S. S., Tadasu Nozaki, Kazuhiro Maeshima, and Masaki Sasai. "Organization of fast and slow chromatin revealed by single-nucleosome dynamics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 40 (2019): 19939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907342116.
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Understanding chromatin organization and dynamics is important, since they crucially affect DNA functions. In this study, we investigate chromatin dynamics by statistically analyzing single-nucleosome movement in living human cells. Bimodal nature of the mean square displacement distribution of nucleosomes allows for a natural categorization of the nucleosomes as fast and slow. Analyses of the nucleosome–nucleosome correlation functions within these categories along with the density of vibrational modes show that the nucleosomes form dynamically correlated fluid regions (i.e., dynamic domains of fast and slow nucleosomes). Perturbed nucleosome dynamics by global histone acetylation or cohesin inactivation indicate that nucleosome–nucleosome interactions along with tethering of chromatin chains organize nucleosomes into fast and slow dynamic domains. A simple polymer model is introduced, which shows the consistency of this dynamic domain picture. Statistical analyses of single-nucleosome movement provide rich information on how chromatin is dynamically organized in a fluid manner in living cells.
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Williams, R. E., and S. M. Horvath. "Recovery from dynamic exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 268, no. 6 (1995): H2311—H2320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.268.6.h2311.
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Minimal information is available on the basic interactions within the metabolic and cardiovascular systems during recovery from exercise. Nine men participated in three experiments: one control and two cost-equivalent (52 liters O2) exercise tests of 30 (EX30) and 45 (EX45) min. Exercise intensities were adjusted accordingly. During recovery, all parameters reestablished baseline levels within 10 min, except for heart rate (30 min). Correlations for each parameter for EX30 and EX45 were obtained by evaluating each subject's exercise cost and recovery "payback." A split, two-factor analysis of variance was run separately on the "fast" (minutes 1-7) and "slow" (minutes 10-60) phases of recovery to determine if the time course of recovery was related to exercise intensity. It was concluded that for a work cost of approximately 300 kcal, 1) the slow phase of recovery was unaffected by the exercise intensity, 2) the fast phase of cardiovascular recovery was unaffected by exercise intensity while minute ventilation and O2 and CO2 uptake were affected, and 3) cardiac output and the ventilatory equivalents for O2 and CO2 correlated well between work cost and recovery payback.
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Jitapunkul, Kulpavee, Pisanu Toochinda та Luckhana Lawtrakul. "Molecular Dynamic Simulation Analysis on the Inclusion Complexation of Plumbagin with β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives in Aqueous Solution". Molecules 26, № 22 (2021): 6784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226784.
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Stable encapsulation of medically active compounds can lead to longer storage life and facilitate the slow-release mechanism. In this work, the dynamic and molecular interactions between plumbagin molecule with β-cyclodextrin (BCD) and its two derivatives, which are dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD), and 2-O-monohydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) were investigated. Molecular dynamics simulations (MD) with GLYCAM-06 and AMBER force fields were used to simulate the inclusion complex systems under storage temperature (4 °C) in an aqueous solution. The simulation results suggested that HPBCD is the best encapsulation agent to produce stable host–guest binding with plumbagin. Moreover, the observation of the plumbagin dynamic inside the binding cavity revealed that it tends to orient the methyl group toward the wider rim of HPBCD. Therefore, HPBCD is a decent candidate for the preservation of plumbagin with a promising longer storage life and presents the opportunity to facilitate the slow-release mechanism.
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Garbett, Damien, and Anthony Bretscher. "PDZ interactions regulate rapid turnover of the scaffolding protein EBP50 in microvilli." Journal of Cell Biology 198, no. 2 (2012): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201204008.
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Scaffolding proteins containing PDZ (postsynaptic density 95/discs large/zonula occludens-1) domains are believed to provide relatively stable linkages between components of macromolecular complexes and in some cases to bridge to the actin cytoskeleton. The microvillar scaffolding protein EBP50 (ERM-binding phosphoprotein of 50 kD), consisting of two PDZ domains and an ezrin-binding site, retains specific proteins in microvilli and is necessary for microvillar biogenesis. Our analysis of the dynamics of microvillar proteins in vivo indicated that ezrin and microvillar membrane proteins had dynamics consistent with actin treadmilling and microvillar lifetimes. However, EBP50 was highly dynamic, turning over within seconds. EBP50 turnover was reduced by mutations that inactivate its PDZ domains and was enhanced by protein kinase C phosphorylation. Using a novel in vitro photoactivation fluorescence assay, the EBP50–ezrin interaction was shown to have a slow off-rate that was dramatically enhanced in a PDZ-regulated manner by addition of cell extract to near in vivo levels. Thus, the linking of relatively stable microvillar components can be mediated by surprisingly dynamic EBP50, a finding that may have important ramifications for other scaffolding proteins.
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Chen, Xue-Qing, and Lei Tong. "Multiscale flow characteristics of droplet spreading with microgravity conditions." Canadian Journal of Physics 97, no. 8 (2019): 869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2018-0474.
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In this paper, mesoscopic lattice–Boltzmann method (LBM) and microscopic molecular dynamics simulation method were used to simulate droplet dynamic wetting under microgravity. In terms of LBM, the wetting process of a droplet on a solid wall surface was simulated by introducing the fluid–fluid and solid–fluid interactions. In terms of molecular dynamics simulation, the spreading process of water on gold surface was simulated. Calculation results showed that two kinds of calculation methods were based on the microscopic molecular theory or mesoscopic kinetics theory, and such models could effectively overcome the contact line paradox issue, which results from the macro-continuum assumption and non-slip boundary condition assumption. The spreading exhibits two-stage behavior: fast spreading and slow spreading stages. For the two simulation methods, the ratio of fast spreading stage duration to slow spreading duration, spreading capacity (equilibrium contact radius/initial radius), and the spreading exponent of the rapid stage were very close. However, the predictive spreading index of the slow spreading stage was different, owing to the different spreading mechanisms between meso- and nanoscales.
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Grossman-Haham, Iris, Gabriel Rosenblum, Trishool Namani, and Hagen Hofmann. "Slow domain reconfiguration causes power-law kinetics in a two-state enzyme." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 3 (2018): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714401115.
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Protein dynamics are typically captured well by rate equations that predict exponential decays for two-state reactions. Here, we describe a remarkable exception. The electron-transfer enzyme quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX), a natural fusion of two functionally distinct domains, switches between open- and closed-domain arrangements with apparent power-law kinetics. Using single-molecule FRET experiments on time scales from nanoseconds to milliseconds, we show that the unusual open-close kinetics results from slow sampling of an ensemble of disordered domain orientations. While substrate accelerates the kinetics, thus suggesting a substrate-induced switch to an alternative free energy landscape of the enzyme, the power-law behavior is also preserved upon electron load. Our results show that the slow sampling of open conformers is caused by a variety of interdomain interactions that imply a rugged free energy landscape, thus providing a generic mechanism for dynamic disorder in multidomain enzymes.
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Yin, Chunyue, and Lilianna Solnica-Krezel. "Convergence and extension movements affect dynamic notochord-somite interactions essential for zebrafish slow muscle morphogenesis." Developmental Dynamics 236, no. 10 (2007): 2742–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.21295.
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PEIRSON, WILLIAM L., and ANDREW W. GARCIA. "On the wind-induced growth of slow water waves of finite steepness." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 608 (July 11, 2008): 243–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211200800205x.
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Determining characteristic growth rates for water waves travelling more slowly than the wind has continued to be a key unresolved problem of air–sea interaction for over half a century. Analysis of previously reported and recently acquired laboratory wave data shows a systematic decline in normalized wave growth with increasing mean wave steepness that has not previously been identified. The normalized growth dynamic range is comparable with previously observed scatter amongst other laboratory data gathered in the slow wave range. Strong normalized growth rates are observed at low wave steepnesses, implying an efficient wave-coherent tangential stress contribution. Data obtained during this study show quantitative agreement with the predictions of others of the interactions between short wind waves and the longer lower-frequency waves. Measured normalized wave growth rates are consistent with numerically predicted growth due to wave drag augmented by significant wave-coherent tangential stress.
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Yen, Shih-Hsiang, Pei-Chong Tang, Yuan-Chiu Lin, and Chyi-Yeu Lin. "A Sensorless and Low-Gain Brushless DC Motor Controller Using a Simplified Dynamic Force Compensator for Robot Arm Application." Sensors 19, no. 14 (2019): 3171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143171.
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Robot arms used for service applications require safe human–machine interactions; therefore, the control gain of such robot arms must be minimized to limit the force output during operation, which slows the response of the control system. To improve cost efficiency, low-resolution sensors can be used to reduce cost because the robot arms do not require high precision of position sensing. However, low-resolution sensors slow the response of closed-loop control systems, leading to low accuracy. Focusing on safety and cost reduction, this study proposed a low-gain, sensorless Brushless DC motor control architecture, which performed position and torque control using only Hall-effect sensors and a current sensor. Low-pass filters were added in servo controllers to solve the sensing problems of undersampling and noise. To improve the control system’s excessively slow response, we added a dynamic force compensator in the current controllers, simplified the system model, and conducted tuning experiments to expedite the calculation of dynamic force. These approaches achieved real-time current compensation, and accelerated control response and accuracy. Finally, a seven-axis robot arm was used in our experiments and analyses to verify the effectiveness of the simplified dynamic force compensators. Specifically, these experiments examined whether the sensorless drivers and compensators could achieve the required response and accuracy while reducing the control system’s cost.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Slow dynamic interactions"
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Katakami, Satoshi. "Significance of Stress Interactions Related to the Occurrence of Shallow Slow Earthquakes." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253094.
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Kelada, Fadi Sameh Aziz. "Étude des dynamiques et de la stabilité des réseaux électriques faible inertie avec une forte pénétration de ressources renouvelables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT065.
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Les systèmes électriques évoluent de manière significative en raison de facteurs économiques, géopolitiques et environnementaux, notamment l'intégration croissante de sources d'énergie renouvelable (RES) interfacées par des convertisseurs électroniques de puissance, connus sous le nom de ressources basées sur des onduleurs (IBR). Ce passage de systèmes dominés par des machines synchrones (SM) à des systèmes dominés par des IBR introduit des défis tels que la réduction de l'inertie, l'intermittence et les problèmes de stabilité. Les techniques traditionnelles d'analyse et de modélisation de la stabilité, qui supposent des dynamiques plus lentes inhérentes aux SM, sont inadéquates pour les dynamiques rapides des IBR. La dominance émergente des IBR nécessite le développement de modèles détaillés de transitoires électromagnétiques (EMT), qui sont intensifs en calcul mais essentiels pour capturer les dynamiques rapides des systèmes électriques modernes. Les cadres de classification de la stabilité existants, historiquement basés sur des systèmes dominés par les SM, sont en cours de révision pour incorporer les influences des IBR, introduisant de nouvelles catégories de stabilité comme la stabilité pilotée par convertisseur (CDS). Ce travail explore de nouvelles perspectives sur les interactions entre les SM, les dynamiques des unités IBR et les dynamiques des réseaux, qui ont été négligées dans la littérature. Il fournit un cadre complet qui est open-source et adaptable pour des topologies de systèmes électriques génériques, permettant des résultats et des analyses évolutifs. De plus, le cadre proposé est utilisé pour déterminer les allocations optimales d'inertie virtuelle et d'amortissement dans les systèmes électriques à faible inertie afin d'améliorer les métriques de stabilité de la fréquence<br>Power systems are evolving significantly due to economic, geopolitical, and environmental factors, notably the increasing integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) interfaced through power electronic converters, known as Inverter-Based Resources (IBR). This shift from synchronous machine (SM)-dominated systems to IBR-dominated systems introduces challenges such as reduced inertia, intermittency, and stability issues. Traditional stability analysis and modeling techniques, which assume slower dynamics inherent in SMs, are inadequate for the fast dynamics of IBRs. The emerging dominance of IBRs necessitates the development of detailed Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) models, which are computationally intensive but essential for capturing the fast dynamics of modern power systems. Existing stability classification frameworks, historically based on SM-dominated systems, are being revised to incorporate IBR influences, introducing new stability categories like Converter-Driven Stability (CDS). This work investigates novel insights into the interactions between SMs, IBR unit dynamics, and network dynamics that have been overlooked in the literature. It provides a comprehensive framework that is open-source and adaptable for generic power system topologies, allowing for scalable results and analyses. Furthermore, the proposed framework is utilized to determine optimal allocations of virtual inertia and damping in low inertia power systems to enhance frequency stability metrics
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Gorbunova, Yuliya V. "Dynamics of intracellular messenger interactions : slow cAMP oscillations and spontaneous calcium transients /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3022180.
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Swoger, Maxx Ryan. "Computational Investigation of Material and Dynamic Properties of Microtubules." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1532108320185937.
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Puthumpally, Joseph Raijumon. "Quantum Interferences in the Dynamics of Atoms and Molecules in Electromagnetic Fields." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS035/document.
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Les interférences quantiques apparaissant lors de la superposition cohérente d'états quantiques de la matière sont à l'origine de la compréhension et du contrôle de nombreux processus élémentaires. Dans cette thèse, deux problèmes distincts, qui ont pour origine de tels effets, sont discutés avec leurs applications potentielles : 1. Diffraction électronique induite par Laser (LIED) et imagerie des orbitales moléculaires ; 2. Effets collectifs dans des vapeurs denses et transparence électromagnétique induite par interaction dipôle-dipôle (DIET). La première partie de cette thèse traite du mécanisme de recollision dans des molécules linéaires simples lorsque le système est exposé à un champ laser infrarouge de forte intensité. Cette interaction provoque une ionisation tunnel du système moléculaire, conduisant à la création d'un paquet d'ondes électronique dans le continuum. Ce paquet d'ondes suit une trajectoire oscillante, dirigée par le champ laser. Cela provoque une collision avec l'ion parent qui lui a donné naissance. Ce processus de diffraction peut être de nature inélastique, engendrant la génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé (HHG) ou l'ionisation double non-séquentielle, ou de nature élastique, processus que l'on appelle généralement « diffraction électronique induite par laser ». La LIED porte des informations sur la molécule et sur l'état initial à partir duquel les électrons sont arrachés sous forme de motifs de diffraction formés en raison de l'interférence entre différentes voies de diffraction. Dans ce projet, une méthode est développée pour l'imagerie des orbitales moléculaires, reposant sur des spectres de photo-électrons obtenus par LIED. Cette méthode est basée sur le fait que la fonction d'ondes du continuum conserve la mémoire de l'objet à partir duquel elle a été diffractée. Un modèle analytique basé sur l'approximation de champ fort (SFA) est développé pour des molécules simples linéaires et appliqué aux orbitales moléculaires HOMO et HOMO-1 du dioxyde de carbone. L'interprétation et l'extraction des informations orbitalaires imprimées dans les spectres de photo-électrons sont présentées en détail. Par ailleurs, nous estimons que ce type d'approche pourrait être étendu à l'imagerie de la dynamique électro-nucléaire de tels systèmes. La deuxième partie de cette thèse traite des effets collectifs dans des vapeurs atomiques ou moléculaires denses. L'action de la lumière sur ces gaz crée des dipôles induits qui oscillent et produisent des ondes électromagnétiques secondaires. Lorsque les particules constitutives du gaz sont assez proches, ces ondes secondaires peuvent coupler les dipôles induits entre-eux, et lorsque cette corrélation devient prépondérante la réponse du gaz devient une réponse collective. Ceci conduit à des effets spécifiques pour de tels systèmes, comme l'effet Dicke, la superradiance, et les décalages spectraux de Lorentz-Lorenz ou de Lamb. A cette liste d'effets collectifs, nous avons ajouté un effet de transparence induite dans l'échantillon. Cet effet collectif a été appelé « transparence électromagnétique induite par interaction dipôle-dipôle ». La nature collective de l'excitation du gaz dense réduit la vitesse de groupe de la lumière transmise à quelques dizaines de mètre par seconde, créant ainsi une lumière dite « lente ». Ces effets sont démontrés pour les transitions D1 du 85Rb et d'autres applications potentielles sont également discutées<br>Quantum interference, coherent superposition of quantum states, are widely used for the understanding and engineering of the quantum world. In this thesis, two distinct problems that are rooted in quantum interference are discussed with their potential applications: 1. Laser induced electron diffraction (LIED) and molecular orbital imaging, 2. Collective effects in dense vapors and dipole induced electromagnetic transparency (DIET). The first part deals with the recollision mechanism in molecules when the system is exposed to high intensity infrared laser fields. The interaction with the intense field will tunnel ionize the system, creating an electron wave packet in the continuum. This wave packet follows an oscillatory trajectory driven by the laser field. This results in a collision with the parent ion from which the wave packet was formed. This scattering process can end up in different channels including either inelastic scattering resulting in high harmonic generation (HHG) and non-sequential double ionization, or elastic scattering often called laser induced electron diffraction. LIED carries information about the molecule and about the initial state from which the electron was born as diffraction patterns formed due to the interference between different diffraction pathways. In this project, a method is developed for imaging molecular orbitals relying on scattered photoelectron spectra obtained via LIED. It is based on the fact that the scattering wave function keeps the memory of the object from which it has been scattered. An analytical model based on the strong field approximation (SFA) is developed for linear molecules and applied to the HOMO and HOMO-1 molecular orbitals of carbon dioxide. Extraction of orbital information imprinted in the photoelectron spectra is presented in detail. It is anticipated that it could be extended to image the electro-nuclear dynamics of such systems. The second part of the thesis deals with collective effects in dense atomic or molecular vapors. The action of light on the vapor samples creates dipoles which oscillate and produce secondary electro-magnetic waves. When the constituent particles are close enough and exposed to a common exciting field, the induced dipoles can affect one another, setting up a correlation which forbids them from responding independently towards the external field. The result is a cooperative response leading to effects unique to such systems which include Dicke narrowing, superradiance, Lorentz-Lorenz and Lamb shifts. To this list of collective effects, one more candidate has been added, which is revealed during this study: an induced transparency in the sample. This transparency, induced by dipole-dipole interactions, is named “dipole-induced electromagnetic transparency”. The collective nature of the dense vapor excitation reduces the group velocity of the transmitted light to a few tens of meter per second resulting in 'slow' light. These effects are demonstrated for the D1 transitions of 85Rb and other potential applications are also discussed
Books on the topic "Slow dynamic interactions"
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Zeitlin, Vladimir. Geostrophic Adjustment and Wave–Vortex (Non)Interaction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0008.
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The fundamental process of geostrophic adjustment is treated by the method of multi-scale asymptotic expansions in Rossby number and fast-time averaging (which is explained), first in the barotropic one-layer case, and then in the baroclinic two-layer case. Together with the standard quasi-geostrophic regime of parameters, the frontal (or semi-) geostrophic regime is considered. Dynamical separation of slow and fast motions is demonstrated in both regimes. The former obey quasi-geostrophic or frontal-geostrophic equations, thus providing formal justification of the heuristic derivation of Chapter 5. Fast motions are inertia-gravity waves in quasi-geostrophic case, and inertial oscillations in the frontal-geostrophic case. Geostrophic adjustment is also considered in the presence of coastal, topographic, and equatorial wave-guides, and, again, separation of fast and slow motions is demonstrated, the latter now including long Kelvin waves in the first case, long topographic waves in the second case, and long Kelvin and Rossby waves in the third case.
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Eckel, Peter D. The Shifting Frontiers of Academic Decision Making. Praeger, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216192954.
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This edited volume explores the intersection of academic decision making with contemporary, cutting-edge challenges for which no simple solution exists. It moves the issue of decision making outside of the contested arena of stakeholder responsibilities, and presents a series of distinct and uniqe chapters that illustrate how colleges and universities are creating and sustaining dynamic and effective decision-making processes. The ability of colleges and universities to implement strategic academic decisions is constantly challenged by a variable external environment, mounting public expectations, and evolving academic priorities. Although academic decision making is often dismissed by critics both inside and outside higher education as slow, parochial, and ineffective, institutions can and have developed processes to effectively address today's complex challenges. With the proper attention by administrative, faculty, and trustee leaders, academic decision making can comprise a robust set of processes essential to defining the mission, priorities, and activities of colleges and universities.^L This book explores the intersection of academic decision making with contemporary, cutting-edge challenges for which no simple solution exists. It moves the issue of decision making outside the contested arena of stakeholder responsibilities, and presents a series of distinct and unique chapters that illustrate how colleges and universities are creating and sustaining dynamic and effective decision-making processes. Issues such as entrepreneurial and commercial strategies, changing research infrastructure, inter-institutional cooperation, evolving expectations for student involvement and campus community, and technology and its required investments create ongoing challenges that colleges and universities must address. To respond to these challenges, campus leaders often cannot draw upon their wealth of experience or time-tested processes. Instead, they must find new ways to create and use decision-making structures and processes. Furthermore, as the issues change, the people, their roles, and their interactions will be different. In some cases, new people will enter the decision-making arena: For instance, students may play stronger roles, as may trustees or outside stakeholders including faculty from other institutions involved in joint academic degree programs. Faculty roles may also change as institutions become more entrepreneurial, with faculty taking the lead as negotiators and marketers. Finally, the venues in which decision-makers come together may also change, as important strategic decisions are made in departments and institutes outside the traditional institutional core. All of these issues are addressed in this book.
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Azad, Shirzad. East Asia’s Strategic Advantage in the Middle East. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666988932.
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The modern trajectory of Middle Eastern–East Asian interactions has garnered very little scholarly attention and scrutiny. The two-way connection between both regions have witnessed a litany of activities and developments over the past several decades, but such dynamics are yet to be investigated sufficiently in tandem with their overall impacts on the world’s safety and well-being. Aiming to fill part of this acute research gap, East Asia’s Strategic Advantage in the Middle East concentrates primarily on different aspects of East Asia’s modern relationship with the Middle East by turning the spotlight on strategic advantages of East Asian countries in critical areas in the region. Over the past several years, there have been a slew of talks and debates about the formation of strategic ties between the East Asian states and their counterparts across the Middle East region. However, East Asia's advantage of strategic nature has been there for decades, shaping the contours of an increasingly multifaceted chain of interactions involving the two sides. The more other stakeholders , Western powers in particular, made serious attempts to secure their precious assets in the Middle East, the larger East Asia's strategic advantage in the region grew.
Book chapters on the topic "Slow dynamic interactions"
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Pfenniger, D., and C. Norman. "Slow Dissipation in Bars and the Fuelling of Nuclei." In Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75273-5_124.
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Baroni, Fabiano, Joaquin J. Torres, and Pablo Varona. "Interacting Slow and Fast Dynamics in Precise Spiking-Bursting Neurons." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11499220_11.
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Mørch, Alexander M., and Falk Schneider. "Investigating Diffusion Dynamics and Interactions with Scanning Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (sFCS)." In The Immune Synapse. Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3135-5_5.
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AbstractActivation of immune cells and formation of immunological synapses (IS) rely critically on the reorganization of the plasma membrane. These highly orchestrated processes are driven by diffusion and oligomerization dynamics, as well as by single molecule interactions. While slow macro- and meso-scale changes in organization can be observed with conventional imaging, fast nano-scale dynamics are often missed with traditional approaches, but resolving them is, nonetheless, essential to understand the underlying biological mechanisms at play. Here, we describe the use of scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (sFCS) and scanning fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (sFCCS) to study reorganization and changes in molecular diffusion dynamics and interactions during IS formation and in other biological settings. We focus on the practical aspects of the measurements including calibration and alignment of the optical setup, present a comprehensive protocol to perform the measurements, and provide data analysis pipelines and strategies. Finally, we show an exemplary application of the technology to studying Lck diffusion during T-cell signaling.
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van der Leeuw, Sander. "Tipping Points Emerge in the Interaction Between Narrative and Reality." In Springer Climate. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50762-5_2.
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AbstractThe paper considers narratives as dynamic memory banks and shifts understanding from emphasizing the origins of the present to the emergence of the present. In the construction of reality, imagined futures articulate with knowledge obtained in the past.In another inversion, rather than explain change and consider stability as the norm, it focuses on change as the norm and investigates the creation of stability to explain, for example, why our societies are so slow in acting on climate change.The creation of meaning is the result of an interaction between thinking and experience, like the interaction between a map and the territory it represents. It reduces the complexity of the territory to the simplicity of the map, shaping simultaneously the cognitive map and the territory it represents. Such cognitive structures evolve into dense networks of cognitive dimensions.Tipping points emerge as a particular cognitive structure is no longer enabling a society to deal with its changing environment because it does not fully trace the logical and functional nature of the relationship between the two. To facilitate that, we need to understanding noise as signals for which no interpretative conceptual and cognitive structure has yet been identified.
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Sari, Yulia Indrawati. "The Dynamics of the Green Policies in Papua Land: A Political Economy Study." In Environment & Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_11.
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AbstractThe provincial governments of Papua and West Papua have expressed their commitments and enacted policies to develop Papua Land in a sustainable manner through the issuance of Papua 2100 Vision, the 2019 Manokwari Declaration, and the ‘green’ spatial plan of Papua province. However, the implementation of these policies in balancing protection of forests and improvement of livelihood of indigenous Papuans has been slow. By employing a political economy approach, the study explores how interactions between the political economy structure, institutions, and actors have resulted in slow implementation of such commitments, particularly in reviewing the compliance of land-based industry licenses and acknowledging customary (adat) areas. The study was conducted between February 2020 and March 2021 and encompassed approximately 50 key informant interviews – including donors, civil society organizations, adat leaders, national and subnational governments, observers, academics, and journalists – and document review. The findings of this study suggest that the reform is mainly driven by development partners and limited numbers of bureaucrats that align with the indigenous Papuans’ interest to protect their land from outsiders. The small coalitions were successful in focusing their effort to enact green policies in the two provinces. However, the study highlights constraints faced by these actors to turn the policies into actions: (1) the existence of wide array of powerful actors – non-Papuans and Papuans – with strong economic and political interests identified at central, provincial, and regency level to hinder the enforcement of problematic land-based licenses and clarify adat areas; (2) the absence of broad-based political support. These have hampered the implementation of the green policies under the two aspects above. This study recommends reviewing policy at the national level to create enabling environment for green policies implementation in both provinces, e.g., to review the Omnibus Law, supporting the regency-level actors to accelerate issuance of the perda PPMHA and local-level regulations on adat-managed areas, supporting licenses review in Southern part of Papua Province to limit the operation of these businesses to expand in forest areas and disrespect adat rights over their lands, and exploring engagement with the opposing parties at all administrative level.
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Tiwari, Sandip. "Hamiltonians and solution techniques." In Semiconductor Physics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759867.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 introduces several of the common principles, techniques and approximations that will be employed throughout the text. Classically, the Hamiltonian is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy. In quantum mechanics, it is an operator that, by operating on the statefunction, leads to the energy observable. The chapter begins with a preliminary description of the crystal’s Hamiltonian and then introduces approximation techniques that permit useful solutions. Beginning with the simple jellium model, Hartree and Hartree-Fock approaches are developed, exchange interactions and correlation effects are explored, and both time-independent perturbation and time-dependent perturbation techniques discussed. Examples illustrate scattering by perturbation as well as adiabatic evolution. The centrality of fast-and-slow interactions is stressed, the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is illustrated through the configuration coordinate diagram, and interacting electron systems are analyzed. The multi-electron aspects are stressed by discussing static screening, dynamic screening and the meaning of permittivity therein.
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Nagy, Laszlo, and Georg Grabherr. "Temporal and spatial dynamics." In The Biology of Alpine Habitats. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198567035.003.0008.
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Abstract The discussion of temporal and spatial aspects of the dynamics in al-pine plant communities (and some examples of animal assemblages) begins with outlining processes during colonization. For expediency, the colonization of bare substrata is considered first, followed by plant community and animal assemblage formation (primary succession), and then by secondary succession. Subterranean and microbiological processes that pre-date and co-occur with the succession of higher life forms are considered. This phase (colonization and space filling) is highly dynamic in the absence of a climatic constraint, such as found on glacier forelands. In contrast, established alpine communities are characterized by generally slow dynamics (Fig. 7.21). The second part is about change and its drivers in community composition in time and space: from inter-annual variability to long-term change at the patch and habitat scales. The main variables considered include recruitment, persistence, and sexual versus vegetative reproduction. The interactions that contribute to the dynamics of alpine plant communities are examined by looking at competition, facilitation, and mutualism. Finally, the impacts on species and vegetation dynamics of temperature, nutrients, and herbivores are discussed.
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Arnold, Stevan J. "Coevolution of Species with Density-dependent Interactions." In Evolutionary Quantitative Genetics. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192859389.003.0022.
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Abstract In this chapter we explore trait coevolution in a model that allows the adaptive landscape to evolve as a consequence of the changing abundances of interacting species. As in the last chapter, we recognize that ecological interactions are mediated by phenotypic traits, and we use mathematical characterizations of those interactions to fold ecology into our treatment of trait coevolution. The primary new feature in this chapter is the recognition that fitness and population growth rate are equivalent currencies. We use that equivalence to build a formal bridge between population dynamics and trait coevolution. Using that bridge we follow McPeek’s treatment of the case of two interacting species (resource and consumer), in which interaction is mediated by a single trait in each species. Using McPeek’s equations for demographic dynamics and trait coevolution, we study his simulations to draw general lessons about coevolution, focusing on five take-away messages from this test case. (1) The two species can often reach a joint demographic and evolutionary equilibrium in which species coexist with stable population sizes and stable values of trait means. (2) Ecological interactions push this equilibration point downslope from the adaptive peak. (3) The approach to this equilibrium can be slow and circuitous with temporary as well as permanent maladaptation. (4) Because interaction affects the abundance of each species, their adaptive landscapes change through time. (5) Temporal change in the location and configuration of adaptive peaks can cause trait means to shift from one peak to another.
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Campa, A., T. Dauxois, D. Fanelli, and S. Ruffo. "Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamics and Slow Relaxation." In Physics of Long-Range Interacting Systems. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199581931.003.0009.
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Bai, Fan, Zhanghan Wu, Jianshi Jin, Philip Hochendoner, and Jianhua Xing. "Slow Protein Conformational Change, Allostery and Network Dynamics." In Protein-Protein Interactions - Computational and Experimental Tools. IntechOpen, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/38519.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Slow dynamic interactions"
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Rho, Jong Hyun, Michael Baldea, Elizabeth E. Endler, Monica A. Herediac, Vesna Bojovic, and Pejman Pajand. "The Impact of Electri?ed Process Heating on Process Design, Control and Operations." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.134037.
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We study the impact of switching from combustion heating to electric heating in processes comprising high temperature reaction/separation sequences, where the heat supporting the reaction(s) is substantially provided by combusting a reaction byproduct (fuel gas). A canonical process structure is de?ned. It is shown that the conventional combustion- based process presents signi?cant interactions. An asymptotic analysis is utilized to investigate and compare the dynamic responses of the conventional and electric process configurations. It is demonstrated that the dynamic behavior of the two processes exhibits two timescales, with the faster corresponding to the evolution of the temperatures of the units with high heat duty, and the slow time scale capturing the variables involved in the material balance. A simpli?ed ethylene cracking process example is used to demonstrate these findings.
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Reveles, Nicolas, Noah Bern, Eric Blades, and Marilyn Smith. "Capability for Fully Integrated Aeroelastic Simulation of Complete Vertical Lift Configurations." In Vertical Flight Society 73rd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12061.
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A framework for the fully integrated simulation of aeroelastic rotors and fuselages has been developed to capture the entire range of interactional vibratory loads that arise in a rotorcraft. The framework adds fixed-frame fuselage fluid-structure interaction and rotor/fuselage structural coupling capabilities to well-established rotor CFD/CSD methods. The solution methods utilized for the fuselage structural dynamics response are detailed. The effects of compliance on the rotor/fuselage interface are examined for the structural coupling. It is observed that startup transients excite the fuselage structural response and are slow to decay, so an approach to accelerate the convergence of structural dynamics in periodic flight conditions is examined. Identification of the coupled effects on fuselage vibrations are investigated by partially decoupling the framework. Further development of the framework is warranted to extend the coupling options and support alternative solvers.
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Sharma, Ankit, Samit K. Ray, and K. V. Adarsh. "Breaking of Phonon Bottleneck In CsPbI3 Nanocrystals Due To Efficient Auger Recombination." In JSAP-Optica Joint Symposia. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/jsapo.2024.17a_a31_5.
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Inorganics lead halide perovskite (LHP) have been became appropriate system for demonstrating light-matter interaction due to their flexible bandgap tunability, defect tolerance and high photoluminescence quantum yield nature. Although, LHPs have many hallmark properties which can support highly efficient photovoltaic devices, but they lost lot of energy in carriers-phonon scattering which slow down the recombination process and decrease the efficiency. Faster thermalization time of hot carriers support electron-hole recombination at band-edge which can be exploited in optoelectronic devices either by incorporating electrons/holes transport layer for photovoltaic or fast recombination for LED. Recently, efficient photovoltaic and light emitting devices are immediate requirement for high-speed quantum technologies. Here, we have chosen CsPbI3 and Cu-doped CsPbI3 nanocrystals (NCs) and addressed both issues simultaneously by using transient absorption spectroscopy. Our sample can be classified as an intermediate confinement as the size of NCs is 16 nm (32 nm) for CsPbI3 (Cu-doped CsPbI3) NCs which are higher than Bohr’s radius (~12 nm), and give sharp excitonic peaks in ground state optical absorption with excitonic position at ~2.1 eV. Further, by femtosecond laser excitation with 400 nm and 120 fs pulse width, which is generated by second harmonic of fundamental wavelength 800 nm. The fluence-dependent measurement revealed the many-body interaction and hot carriers dynamics. At higher fluence, say 150 μJ/cm2 and above, pristine CsPbI3 NCs shows breaking of phonon bottleneck effect by fast decay while Cu-doped NCs showed slow thermalization. To get insight, we have calculated Auger recombination (non-radiative) lifetime by subtractive method. The lifetime measurements clearly distinguished the appearance of contrast results due to efficient Auger process associated with pristine CsPbI3 NCs. Thus, our results provide insight to incorporate metal doping and understanding about hot carrier dynamics for solar energy harvesting.
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Koeppen, Ryan, Meghan E. Huber, Dagmar Sternad, and Neville Hogan. "Controlling Physical Interactions: Humans Do Not Minimize Muscle Effort." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5202.
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Physical interaction with tools is ubiquitous in functional activities of daily living. While tool use is considered a hallmark of human behavior, how humans control such physical interactions is still poorly understood. When humans perform a motor task, it is commonly suggested that the central nervous system coordinates the musculo-skeletal system to minimize muscle effort. In this paper, we tested if this notion holds true for motor tasks that involve physical interaction. Specifically, we investigated whether humans minimize muscle forces to control physical interaction with a circular kinematic constraint. Using a simplified arm model, we derived three predictions for how humans should behave if they were minimizing muscular effort to perform the task. First, we predicted that subjects would exert workless, radial forces on the constraint. Second, we predicted that the muscles would be deactivated when they could not contribute to work. Third, we predicted that when moving very slowly along the constraint, the pattern of muscle activity would not differ between clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) motions. To test these predictions, we instructed human subjects to move a robot handle around a virtual, circular constraint at a constant tangential velocity. To reduce the effect of forces that might arise from incomplete compensation of neuro-musculo-skeletal dynamics, the target tangential speed was set to an extremely slow pace (∼1 revolution every 13.3 seconds). Ultimately, the results of human experiment did not support the predictions derived from our model of minimizing muscular effort. While subjects did exert workless forces, they did not deactivate muscles as predicted. Furthermore, muscle activation patterns differed between CW and CCW motions about the constraint. These findings demonstrate that minimizing muscle effort is not a significant factor in human performance of this constrained-motion task. Instead, the central nervous system likely prioritizes reducing other costs, such as computational effort, over muscle effort to control physical interactions.
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Kurt, Mehmet, Melih Eriten, D. Michael McFarland, Lawrence A. Bergman, and Alexander F. Vakakis. "Nonlinear System Identification of a Cantilever Beam With Attached Cubic Nonlinear Spring at Its Free End." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70739.
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This paper presents the identification of the local nonlinear effects on the essential dynamics of distributed parameter systems. The system considered is a simple cantilever beam with an attached cubic nonlinear spring at its tip. Nonlinear system identification (NSI) method applied in this work uses numerical simulation results and combines slow-flow dynamic analysis and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to reconstruct the dynamics in modal coordinates as reduced-order models. The reduced-order models are single-degree-of-freedom linear oscillators, which are termed intrinsic modal oscillators (IMOs), with a forcing computed through slow-flow analysis. These forced oscillators are capable of reproducing the modal dynamics, and their forcing amplitudes provide essential information about modal interactions and energy transfer. The proposed NSI method was applied to 3 main cases, corresponding to weakly nonlinear, strongly nonlinear and linear dynamics, respectively. A discrete model of the original system is used to investigate the internal resonances and nonlinearity effects in the original system, by making use of Frequency-Energy plots (FEPs).
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Bonini, Rodrigo. "Speeding up Reinforcement Learning for Inference and Control of Gene Regulatory Networks." In LatinX in AI at Neural Information Processing Systems Conference 2019. Journal of LatinX in AI Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.52591/lxai2019120821.
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Motivated by the desire to understand genomic functions through interactions between genes and gene products, the research in the area of gene regulatory networks has become a very important object of study in recent years. Probabilistic Boolean Networks (PBN), which are rules-based dynamic systems, are some of the most studied mathematical models to represent networks and their regulations. However, frequently their representation, regulation, and interactions between genes are overly complex to learn and control, requiring a complex model. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an interesting technique to deal with this problem because it can learn solutions without the need of a model. This approach is used to train autonomous agents who can find solutions to complex problems, including those of regulation and relationships between genes. But its classical approaches are slow when having to learn tasks with many states especially when these tasks have multiple goals and agents. Besides that, learning bad solutions can make the learning process even more difficult and slow. Therefore, some RL approaches and techniques need to be tested in order to verify the best way to flexibilize, adapt and improve them to intervene and control the gene networks.
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Yoshino, S. "Superlong range attractive and repulsive interactions between colloid particles." In Slow dynamics in condensed matter. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.42330.
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Masui, Tomomi. "Inter-Lamellar Interaction Mediated by Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer." In SLOW DYNAMICS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS: 3rd International Symposium on Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1764077.
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Härtl, W., Ch Beck, and R. Hempelmann. "Hydrodynamic interactions of colloidal systems with a hard-sphere and Yukawa interaction potential." In The 8th tohwa university international symposium on slow dynamics in complex systems. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.58526.
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Cichocki, C., and B. U. Felderhof. "Time-dependent self-diffusion coefficient of interacting Brownian particles." In Slow dynamics in condensed matter. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.42335.
Full textReports on the topic "Slow dynamic interactions"
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Mayes, Robyn, Bree Hurst, and Amelia Hine. PREDICT: Principles of Good Mining Checklist. Queensland University of Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.212047.
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CONTEXT: Social Licence to Operate (SLO) encompasses the broad socio-political understanding on the part of multiple stakeholders that a mining operation’s social and environmental impacts and measures are legitimate and acceptable. The multiple and variously interacting stakeholder groups— local communities, environmental actors, Indigenous communities, regulators, local governments, industry peak bodies, financiers, affiliated businesses—have the proven capacity to confer and/or disrupt a mining operation’s SLO. The presence or absence of a SLO can have significant consequences not only for stakeholder groups, including the mining operation, but also for the shared development of a good mining future. Conceptualisation of what is ‘good mining’ is central to future planning and decisions around development, adoption and reception of new technologies and sustainable mining futures. CHECKLIST PURPOSE This first of its kind tool seeks to facilitate genuine multistakeholder interactions and development of a dynamic shared SLO to advance good mining.