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Journal articles on the topic 'Slow maxillary expansion'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Topal, Refika, and Seher Gündüz Arslan. "The maxillary expansion procedures, the types, and the root resorption analysis methods." International Dental Research 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2019.vol9.no3.9.

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Transversal constriction of the maxilla is a common problem and may occur due to many reasons.The maxillary expansion procedures can be classified as rapid maxillary expansion (RME), semi-rapid maxillary expansion (SRME), and slow maxillary expansion (SME). In orthodontic treatment prosodure, it has been evaluated that it causes root resorption especially in the support teeth in many apparatus used for orthodontic treatment and in the expansion apparatus used in the treatment of transverse direction of maxilla. In this review, we aimed to evaluate maxiller expansion protocols and the methods of examining resorption in support teeth. How to cite this article: Topal R, Gündüz Arslan S. The maxillary expansion procedures, the types, and the root resorption analysis methods. Int Dent Res 2019;9(3):145-51. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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2

Parekh, Harshikkumar A. "Maxillary Expansion." SAS Journal of Medicine 7, no. 11 (November 25, 2021): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2021.v07i11.006.

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Maxillary transverse insufficiency usually requires expansion of palate with a combination of orthopedic and orthodontic tooth movements. Four different types of maxillary expansion procedures are used: slow maxillary expansion (SME), rapid maxillary expansion (RME), miniscrew assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARME), surgically assisted maxillary expansion (SARME). This article aims to review the maxillary expansion by all the rapid maxillary expansion modalities and a brief discussion on commonly used appliances.

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Rasool, Insha, Merry, Sanjay Mittal, Isha Aggarwal, and Tanzin Palkir. "Slow expansion in orthodontics -A review article." International Dental Journal of Student's Research 10, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.idjsr.2022.019.

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One of the most common problems faced by an orthodontist while treating young as well as adult patients is the constricted maxillary arch. Expansion of the maxillary arch has been a topic of debate since centuries. The commonly used methods for constricted arch include slow maxillary expansion, rapid maxillary expansion and surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE). Slow palatal expansion is a procedure to expand the maxillary arch in transverse dimension to correct the constricted maxillary arch with light forces. The following review article provides detailed information of various slow maxillary expansion appliances with their implications in orthodontics.

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Pereira, Juliana da S., Helder B. Jacob, Arno Locks, Mauricio Brunetto, and Gerson L. U. Ribeiro. "Evaluation of the rapid and slow maxillary expansion using cone-beam computed tomography: a randomized clinical trial." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 22, no. 2 (April 2017): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.22.2.061-068.oar.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the dental, dentoalveolar, and skeletal changes occurring right after the rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and slow maxillary expansion (SME) treatment using Haas-type expander. METHODS: All subjects performed cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) before installation of expanders (T1) and right after screw stabilization (T2). Patients who did not follow the research parameters were excluded. The final sample resulted in 21 patients in RME group (mean age of 8.43 years) and 16 patients in SME group (mean age of 8.70 years). Based on the skewness and kurtosis statistics, the variables were judged to be normally distributed and paired t-test and student t-test were performed at significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Intermolar angle changed significantly due to treatment and RME showed greater buccal tipping than SME. RME showed significant changes in other four measurements due to treatment: maxilla moved forward and mandible showed backward rotation and, at transversal level both skeletal and dentoalveolar showed significant changes due to maxillary expansion. SME showed significant dentoalveolar changes due to maxillary expansion. CONCLUSIONS: Only intermolar angle showed significant difference between the two modalities of maxillary expansion with greater buccal tipping for RME. Also, RME produced skeletal maxillary expansion and SME did not. Both maxillary expansion modalities were efficient to promote transversal gain at dentoalveolar level. Sagittal and vertical measurements did not show differences between groups, but RME promoted a forward movement of the maxilla and backward rotation of the mandible.

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Morcos, Sherif, and Tamer Hamed. "MAXILLARY ARCH DIMENSIONS CHANGES AFTER CORTICOTOMY ASSISTED SLOW MAXILLARY EXPANSION." Egyptian Dental Journal 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/edj.2017.74381.

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6

Corbridge, Jared K., Phillip M. Campbell, Reginald Taylor, Richard F. Ceen, and Peter H. Buschang. "Transverse dentoalveolar changes after slow maxillary expansion." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 140, no. 3 (September 2011): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.06.025.

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7

Baxi, Shalabh, Virendra Vadher, Suruchi Satyajit Tekade, Virag Bhatiya, and Madhur Navlani. "Rapid maxillary expansion-A review." Journal of Contemporary Orthodontics 6, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jco.2022.023.

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Maxillary expansion treatments have been used for more than a century to correct maxillary transverse deficiency. Three expansion treatment modalities are used today: rapid maxillary expansion (RME), slow maxillary expansion (SME) and surgically assisted maxillary expansion. Since each treatment modality has advantages and disadvantages, controversy regarding the use of each exists. Rapid Maxillary expansion or palatal expansion as it is sometimes called, occupies unique niche in dentofacial therapy. Rapid Maxillary expansion is a skeletal type of expansion that involves the separation of the mid-palatal suture and movement of the maxillary shelves away from each other.

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Fastuca, Rosamaria, Ambra Michelotti, Riccardo Nucera, Vincenzo D’Antò, Angela Militi, Antonino Logiudice, Alberto Caprioglio, and Marco Portelli. "Midpalatal Suture Density Evaluation after Rapid and Slow Maxillary Expansion with a Low-Dose CT Protocol: A Retrospective Study." Medicina 56, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56030112.

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Background and objectives: The aim of the present paper is to use low-dose computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the changes in the midpalatal suture density in patients treated with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and slow maxillary expansion (SME). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients (mean age 10.2 ± 1.2 years) were retrospectively selected from the existing sample of a previous study. For each patient, a low-dose computed tomography examination was performed before appliance placement (T0) and at the end of retention (T1), seven months later. Using the collected images, the midpalatal suture density was evaluated in six regions of interest. Results: No significant differences were found between the timepoints in the rapid maxillary expansion group. Three out of six regions of interest showed significant decreases between the timepoints in the slow maxillary expansion group. No significant differences were found in comparisons between the two groups. Conclusions: The midpalatal suture density showed no significant differences when rapid maxillary expansion groups were compared to slow maxillary expansion groups, suggesting that a similar rate of suture reorganization occurs despite different expansion protocols.

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Pinheiro, Fábio Henrique de Sá Leitão, Daniela Gamba Garib, Guilherme Janson, Roberto Bombonatti, and Marcos Roberto de Freitas. "Longitudinal stability of rapid and slow maxillary expansion." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 19, no. 6 (December 2014): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.6.070-077.oar.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the longitudinal stability of two types of posterior crossbite correction: rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and slow maxillary expansion (SME).METHODS: Study casts of 90 adolescent patients were assessed for interdental width changes at three different periods: pretreatment (T1), post-treatment (T2) and at least, five years post-retention (T3). Three groups of 30 patients were established according to the treatment received to correct posterior crossbite: Group A (RME), group B (SME) and group C (control- Edgewise therapy only). After crossbite correction, all patients received fixed edgewise orthodontic appliances. Paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to identify significant intra and intergroup changes, respectively (P < 0.05).RESULTS: Except for intercanine distance, all widths increased in groups A and B from T1 to T2. In the long-term, the amount of relapse was not different for groups A and B, except for 3-3 widths which showed greater decrease in group A. However, the percentage of clinically relapsed cases of posterior crossbite was similar for rapid and slow maxillary expansion.CONCLUSION: Rapid and slow maxillary expansion showed similar stability in the long-term.

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Shetty, Sharath Kumar, Roginth Vigneshwaran A, Mahesh Kumar Y, and Vijayananda Madhur. "Expand the constricted-review article." International Journal of Dental Research 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijdr.v5i2.7662.

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A combination of orthopaedic and orthodontic tooth movements are required for expansion of palate to correct maxillary transverse discrepancy. Expansion of the palate can be achieved by three different treatment methods mainly Rapid maxillary expansion, slow maxillary expansion and surgically assisted maxillary expansion. Among the different methods rapid maxillary expansion brings about significant changes in the dental transverse measurements (Agarwal A, Mathur R International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry 2010). This article aims to review the various appliances used for maxillary expansion.

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Cossellu, Gianguido, Alessandro Ugolini, Matteo Beretta, Marco Farronato, Alessandro Gianolio, Cinzia Maspero, and Valentina Lanteri. "Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Slow Maxillary Expansion with Leaf Expander vs. Rapid Maxillary Expansion in a Sample of Growing Patients: Direct Effects on Maxillary Arch and Spontaneous Mandibular Response." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 4512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134512.

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The aim is to evaluate the effects of slow maxillary expansion on maxillary and mandibular arch, using a slow maxillary expander (SME-Leaf Expander) banded on primary second molar. Ninety patients with transverse maxillary deficiency and posterior crossbite were selected. Sixty-nine patients (33 males/36 females; 7.6 ± 1.7 years old) who underwent SME and 21 patients (10 males/11 females; 7.4 ± 1.2 years old) who were treated with rapid maxillary expander (RME). Digital models obtained pre- and post-treatment at appliance removal (9 to 11 months) were processed by means of a 3D scanner (Trios 3, 3Shape D250 laser, Copenhagen, Denmark). Interdental width in both maxilla and mandible were measured with 3 SHAPE Ortho Analyzer. Four Maxillary and four mandibular interdental width were traced and evaluated. The adequate Student’s t-test (dependent or independent) was used to compare intra and intergroups interdental width differences (p < 0.05). The efficacy of the SME was confirmed both on maxillary and mandibular arch. All the maxillary and mandibular interdental widths increased significantly (p < 0.001). The comparison with the RME group showed significant statistical differences between the two treatments with a greater increase in primary first and second intermolar and canine width for the test group (p < 0.001). SME with Leaf Expander produced statistically significant effects for the correction of transverse maxillary deficiencies with a significant indirect effect on the mandibular arch.

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Seker, Elif Dilara, Ahmet Yagci, and Kevser Kurt Demirsoy. "Dental root development associated with treatments by rapid maxillary expansion/reverse headgear and slow maxillary expansion." European Journal of Orthodontics 41, no. 5 (March 11, 2019): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjz010.

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Summary Objectives To assess dental root development in two groups of paediatric patients who received treatments with reverse headgear and rapid maxillary expansion and slow maxillary dental arch expansion. Materials and methods The 20 subjects (13 girls, 7 boys; mean age: 8.9 ± 1.3 years) in the first group were treated with a Petit-type reverse headgear attached to a full-coverage bonded rapid maxillary expander via elastics (RME&RHg group). The 20 subjects included in the second group (9 girls, 11 boys; mean age: 9.1 ± 2.2 years) were selected among patients who were treated with Hawley appliances for slow maxillary expansion (SME group). Digitized panoramic radiographs were used. A total of 960 permanent teeth (maxillary–mandibular incisors, canines, premolars, and first molars) were measured quantitatively for pre-treatment and post-treatment. Results No significant increase was found except for the right and left maxillary and mandibular second premolars and left mandibular and first premolar in the RME&RHg group (P < 0.05). Teeth length values increased significantly in all maxillary and mandibular teeth except maxillary first molars and mandibular incisors in the SME group (P < 0.05). Inter-group comparisons showed that statistically significant differences were observed in maxillary and mandibular incisors, left maxillary first premolar, and molar teeth (P > 0.05). Limitation A limitation of this study is the use of two-dimensional radiographic images for root length measurement. However, ethical obligations limit the dental cone beam computed tomography imaging application for protection of paediatric patients from harm. Conclusions RME&RHg therapy inhibits root development of maxillary and mandibular teeth in the early period. However, further studies should be performed to determine whether this effect on root development is reversible or irreversible.

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Lima Filho, Roberto M. A., and Antonio C. O. Ruellas. "Long-term Anteroposterior and Vertical Maxillary Changes in Skeletal Class II Patients Treated with Slow and Rapid Maxillary Expansion." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 870–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/071406-293.1.

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Abstract Objective: To evaluate a 10-year follow-up of anteroposterior and vertical maxillary changes in skeletal Class II patients treated with slow and rapid maxillary expansion methods. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 70 patients divided into two groups: (1) treated with a cervical headgear with expansion of the inner bow (CHG) and (2) using a Haas-type rapid maxillary expansion appliance in conjunction with cervical headgear (RME-CHG). The CHG group consisted of 40 patients (18 males and 22 females; average age 10.6 years at pretreatment [T1], 13.6 years at posttreatment [T2], and 23.6 years at postretention [T3]). The RME-CHG group consisted of 30 patients (14 males and 16 females; average age 10.4 years at T1, 14.0 years at T2, and 24.6 years at T3). The profiles of SNA and SN-PP angles showed no significant differences in either group at T1, T2, and T3 phases. Results: For the entire sample, the profile analysis between the phases showed reduction in the SNA angle from T1–T2 and an increase from T2–T3. The SN-PP angle showed an increase from T1–T2 and a decrease from T2–T3. Treatment of skeletal Class II patients with slow and rapid maxillary expansions was efficient and stable over the long-term. Conclusions: The profiles of SNA and SN-PP at T1, T2, and T3 achieved with slow and rapid maxillary expansions were clinically equivalent.

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Cao, Yanli, Yanheng Zhou, Yang Song, and Robert L. Vanarsdall. "Cephalometric study of slow maxillary expansion in adults." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 136, no. 3 (September 2009): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.03.017.

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Jackson, Gregory W., and Neal D. Kravitz. "Expansion/Facemask Treatment of an Adult Class III Malocclusion." Case Reports in Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/270257.

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The orthodontic treatment of class III malocclusion with a maxillary deficiency is often treated with maxillary protraction with or without expansion. Skeletal and dental changes have been documented which have combined for the protraction of the maxilla and the correction of the class III malocclusion. Concerning the ideal time to treat a developing class III malocclusion, studies have reported that, although early treatment may be the most effective, face mask therapy can provide a viable option for older children as well. But what about young adults? Can the skeletal and dental changes seen in expansion/facemask therapy in children and adolescents be demonstrated in this age group as well, possibly eliminating the need for orthodontic dental camouflage treatment or orthognathic surgery? A case report is presented of an adult class III malocclusion with a Class III skeletal pattern and maxillary retrusion. Treatment was with nonextraction, comprehensive edgewise mechanics with slow maxillary expansion with a bonded expander and protraction facemask.

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Mobrici, P., C. Lanteri, M. Beretta, and A. Caprioglio. "Slow maxillary expansion in adult patients: a pilot study." Mondo Ortodontico 37, no. 5 (December 2012): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mor.2012.01.003.

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Lanteri, Valentina, Davide Cavagnetto, Andrea Abate, Eleonora Mainardi, Francesca Gaffuri, Alessandro Ugolini, and Cinzia Maspero. "Buccal Bone Changes Around First Permanent Molars and Second Primary Molars after Maxillary Expansion with a Low Compliance Ni–Ti Leaf Spring Expander." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 6, 2020): 9104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239104.

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Background: Vestibular bone thickness changes and dento-alveolar buccal tipping of second primary molars and of first molars after maxillary expansion performed with a slow maxillary expansion protocol was investigated. Methods: Twenty patients (mean age 7.3 ± 0.9 years old; 9 male and 11 female) were treated according to the Leaf Expander protocol. Buccal alveolar bone thickness (BT), buccal alveolar bone height (BH), inter-dental angle (TIP), and inter-molar width (IW) regarding first molars and second primary molars were calculated before and after expansion on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to assess changes between the pre-treatment and post-treatment measurements. Results: Bone thickness vestibular to second primary molars and intermolar width of both teeth were the only variables that showed statistically significant changes. Conclusions: It appears that buccal bone thickness vestibular to first molars was not significantly reduced after maxillary expansion with the Leaf Expander. The clinical use of a slow maxillary expander with Ni–Ti springs appears efficient and safe in in the correction of maxillary hypoplasia during mixed dentition.

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Shetty, Preeth, Amitha Hegde, and Kavita Rai. "Study of Stress Distribution and Displacement of the Maxillary Complex Following Application of Forces using Jackscrew and Nitanium Palatal Expander 2 – A Finite Element Study." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 34, no. 1 (September 1, 2009): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.34.1.dv5100j371184087.

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The stress distribution patterns within the maxillary complex during the expansion by slow maxillary expansion plate and Nitanium palate expander 2 was analyzed. Objective: This comparative study was done using a finite element model of a young maxillary bone. The model was generated using the data from computerized tomographic scans of a dried maxillary bone. The model was then strained to a dimensional pattern of displacement and stress distribution for the two appliances. Results: This present study showed the maximum lateral displacement for jack screw by 0.170mm at the region of cusp tips of posteriors indicating a tipping movement.Whereas NPE2, showed maximum displacement of 0.004mm corresponding to maxillary molars. Concentration of stress distribution ranging from 343.42 N/mm2 to 412.60 N/mm2 for 0.5mm of expansion was significantly depicted at the palatal bone beside the central incisors for jack screw, when compared to NPE2 which depicted low magnitude of stress ranging from 7.78 N/mm2 to 9.08 N/mm2 uniformly distributed along the midpalatal suture. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggests that NPE2 appliance basically an orthodontic appliance however is capable of producing mild to moderate orthopedic changes in maxilla.

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Vella, Massimiliano, Paolo Cressoni, Cinzia Tripicchio, Eleonora Mainardi, and Luca Esposito. "Early Treatment with a Slow Maxillary Ni–Ti Leaf Springs Expander." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 4541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104541.

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The aim of this brief report is to analyse the available literature on the clinical outcomes of a particular appliance for slow maxillary expansion that consists of one or more nickel–titanium springs. Materials and methods: The main medical databases (Scopus, Web of Sciences, Pubmed and Google Scholar) were scanned up to January 2020 using “slow maxillary expan*”, “slow palatal expan*”, “leaf expander” and “NiTi Palatal Expander” as keywords. Skeletal changes in the maxilla after expansion with the Leaf Expander (L.E.) or similar appliances were taken into consideration while reviewing relevant manuscripts. The review focuses on the comparison between the L.E. and conventional expanders (i.e., Haas and Hyrax) regarding the increase in both the distance between the palatal cusps of the upper first molars and the distance between the palatal cusps of the upper second deciduous molars, as well as the increment of nasal structures and pain connected to expansion procedures. Results: Bibliographic research retrieved 32 articles that were considered eligible for the present study. The limited number of articles currently available in international medical databases is allegedly partly due to the fact that these expanders are currently produced by only one patent holder company, which affects its diffusion. Conclusion: Despite the reduced number of published articles, due to the recent introduction of the L.E. device, most of the authors have found that the effects of the L.E. device are clinically and radiographically comparable to those achievable with the rapid palatal expander.

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Vadivel, Aarthi, D. Muralidharan, R. Thirunavukkarasu, C. Nirupama, J. Tamizhmani, and C. Prasanth. "Miniscrew-assisted Rapid Palatal Expander – Non-surgical Method for Maxillary Expansion in Young Adults Based on Histological Review." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 8, no. 4 (October 17, 2021): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2021.8.4.20.

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Expansion is one of the most effectual orthopedic procedures for the treatment of maxillary constriction. Slow and rapid palatal expansion (RPE) are two reliable and commonly used procedures to correct transverse maxillary deficiencies. RPE produces good adaptation at skeletal level in children and adolescents. By late adolescence, the mid-palatal suture allows only limited skeletal expansion and may produce undesirable dental effects. Miniscrew-assisted RPE (MARPE) extended not only skeletal effects with fewer dental changes but also the age limit of nonsurgical maxillary expansion treatment. This review article evaluates the role of MARPE in widening the scope of non-surgical orthodontic treatment from various aspects with a focus on recent studies.

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Mossaz-Joëlson, Katarina, and Claude F. Mossaz. "Slow maxillary expansion: a comparison between banded and bonded appliances." European Journal of Orthodontics 11, no. 1 (February 1989): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035967.

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LAGRAVÈRE, MANUEL O., PAUL W. MAJOR, and CARLOS FLORES-MIR. "Skeletal and dental changes with fixed slow maxillary expansion treatment." Journal of the American Dental Association 136, no. 2 (February 2005): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2005.0141.

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Lima Filho, Roberto M. A., and Antonio Carlosde Oliveira Ruellas. "Mandibular Behavior with Slow and Rapid Maxillary Expansion in Skeletal Class II Patients." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 4 (July 1, 2007): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/071406-294.

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Abstract Objective: To evaluate anteroposterior and vertical mandibular changes in skeletal Class II patients treated with slow or rapid maxillary expansions at 10-year follow-up. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 70 patients divided into two groups, treated with (1) a cervical headgear (CHG) with expansion of the inner bow or (2) a Haas-type rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliance in conjunction with CHG (RME-CHG). The CHG group consisted of 40 patients (18 males and 22 females, with an average age of 10.6 years at pretreatment [T1], 13.6 years at posttreatment [T2], and 23.6 years at postretention [T3]), and the RME-CHG group consisted of 30 patients (14 males and 16 females with an average age of 10.4 years at T1, 14.0 years at T2, and 24.6 years at T3). Results: The profiles of SNB, B-Hor, and Pog-Hor showed significant increases for all treatment phases in both groups. The SN-Go-Gn angle showed no significant decrease from T1 to T2 and a significant decrease from T2 to T3. Conclusions: For the entire sample (CHG + RME-CHG) the profile analysis between the phases showed mean increases in B-Ver and Pog-Ver for both phases.

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Serafin, Marco, Rosamaria Fastuca, and Alberto Caprioglio. "CBCT Analysis of Dento-Skeletal Changes after Rapid versus Slow Maxillary Expansion on Deciduous Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 16 (August 20, 2022): 4887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164887.

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The aim of the present study was to compare skeletal and dental changes after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and slow maxillary expansion (SME) performed by a Leaf Expander (LE) with upper deciduous teeth as anchorage and using 3D CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) analysis. Mixed dentition patients were randomly divided in two groups, according to the different expansion used anchored on maxillary primary second molars: the RME group (n = 16) was treated with a Hyrax type expander, whereas the SME group (n = 16) was treated with an LE expander. CBCT scans were performed before (T1) and after treatment (T2) and analyzed with a custom landmarks system. A paired t-test was used for intragroup analysis between T1 and T2, and a Student t-test was used for intergroup analysis; statistical significance was set at 0.05. Both RME and SME groups showed a statistically significant increase in dental and skeletal diameters. Group comparisons between T1 and T2 showed a significant expansion rate in the RME group for upper permanent molars (p = 0.025) but not for deciduous molars (p = 0.790). Moreover, RME showed higher increases for skeletal expansion evaluated at nasal walls (p = 0.041), whereas at pterygoid plates did not show any significant differences compared with the SME group (p = 0.849). A significant transverse expansion could be achieved with the expander anchored on deciduous teeth. RME and SME produced effective both skeletal and dentoalveolar transverse expansion; RME produced more anterior expansion than SME but less control regarding the permanent molar decompensation. SME by LE therefore could be an efficient and helpful alternative in the treatment of transverse maxillary deficiency in growing patients.

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Srivastava, Shrish C., Khyati Mahida, Chintan Agarwal, Ravindra M. Chavda, and Harshit A. Patel. "Longitudinal Stability of Rapid and Slow Maxillary Expansion: A Systematic Review." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 21, no. 9 (2020): 1068–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2932.

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Júnior, Almiro José Machado, and Agrício Nubiato Crespo. "Cephalometric study of alterations induced by maxillary slow expansion in adults." Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 72, no. 2 (March 2006): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1808-8694(15)30051-3.

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Lanteri, Valentina, Marco Farronato, Alessandro Ugolini, Gianguido Cossellu, Francesca Gaffuri, Francesca Maria Rita Parisi, Davide Cavagnetto, Andrea Abate, and Cinzia Maspero. "Volumetric Changes in the Upper Airways after Rapid and Slow Maxillary Expansion in Growing Patients: A Case-Control Study." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102239.

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The aim is to evaluate changes in the volume of the upper airways before and after slow maxillary expansion (SME) obtained with the flexible properties of a nickel titanium leaf spring and rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with a conventional Hyrax appliance in growing patients. The records of 1200 orthodontic patients undergoing maxillary expansion from 2018 to 2019 were analyzed; among these pre and post treatment CBCT scans of 22 patients (mean age 8.2 ± 0.6 years old) treated by SME were compared with those obtained from 22 patients (mean age 8.1 ± 0.7 years old) treated by RME banded on the second primary molars. The following inclusion criteria were used: Maxillary transverse constriction, good general health, and no previous orthodontic treatment. Volumes of nasal cavity (NCavV), nasopharynx (NsPxV), and right and left maxillary sinuses (MSV) were calculated with ITK-SNAP. Shapiro–Wilk test revealed a normal distribution of data in each group. Paired t-test was used for within-group comparisons and independent t-test for between-group comparisons. Statistically significant increases occurred in NCavV, NsPxV, and MSVs after treatment with both appliances. No statistically significant difference between the appliances occurred in NCavV, NsPxV, and MSVs. Method error was considered negligible (mean intra-operator and inter-operator intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.928 and 0.911, respectively). It appears that both appliances produce similar effects on the different segments of the upper airway tract.

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Bastos, Renata Travassos da Rosa Moreira, Marco Nassar Blagitz, Mônica Lídia Santos de Castro Aragón, Lucianne Cople Maia, and David Normando. "Periodontal side effects of rapid and slow maxillary expansion: A systematic review." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 4 (February 11, 2019): 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/060218-419.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify the scientific evidence that demonstrates which of the transverse maxillary treatments has the least effect on periodontal tissues. Materials and Methods: PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey were searched without restrictions. A hand search was also carried out in the reference lists of the articles selected. The related articles tool in the PubMed database was checked for each article included. Risk of bias assessment was performed using Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool for randomized clinical trials and the ROBINS-I tool for nonrandomized studies of interventions. The GRADE tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Results: After examination of the full texts, three studies were finally included. Two studies used a Haas expander with different protocols, and one study used a Haas expander compared with a quad-helix appliance. These studies evaluated periodontal parameters and periodontal indices by clinical examination with a millimeter probe, and one study examined computed tomography images. After quality assessment, two studies were considered as having a “low” risk of bias. One study was scored as having a moderate risk of bias. The evidence was graded as moderate quality for alveolar bone level, tooth displacement, and inclination and very low for all other outcomes. Conclusions: There were no significant differences to enable a sound conclusion about which type of maxillary expansion has the least periodontal side effects.

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Wong, Christian Alexander, Peter M. Sinclair, Robert G. Keim, and David B. Kennedy. "Arch dimension changes from successful slow maxillary expansion of unilateral posterior crossbite." Angle Orthodontist 81, no. 4 (July 2011): 616–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/072210-429.1.

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Yacout, Yomna, Essam Abdallah, and Nadia El-Harouni. "Nasal cavity width changes following slow and rapid miniscrew-supported maxillary expansion." Egyptian Orthodontic Journal 60, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eos.2021.83829.1020.

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Gregório, Leonardo, Arthur César de Medeiros Alves, Araci Malagodi de Almeida, Rodrigo Naveda, Guilherme Janson, and Daniela Garib. "Cephalometric evaluation of rapid and slow maxillary expansion in patients with BCLP: Secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 4 (February 11, 2019): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/081018-589.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the dentoskeletal effects of rapid (RME) and slow (SME) maxillary expansion in patients with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Materials and Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT). Forty-six patients (34 male, 12 female) with BCLP and posterior crossbite (mean age of 9.2 years) were randomly assigned to two study groups. Group RME comprised subjects treated with Haas/Hyrax expander. Group SME included patients treated with quad-helix appliance. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before expansion (T1) and after appliance removal at the end of a 6-month retention period (T2) for a previous RCT that compared the transverse skeletal effects of RME and SME. CBCT-derived cephalometric images were generated and cephalometric analysis was performed using Dolphin Imaging Software (Chatsworth, Calif). Intergroup comparisons were performed using t tests (P < .05). Results: Baseline forms were similar between groups. No significant differences between RME and SME groups were found. Conclusions: Rapid and slow maxillary expansion produced similar sagittal and vertical changes in patients with BCLP. Both Haas/Hyrax and quad-helix appliances can be used in patients with vertical facial pattern. Clinical relevance: RME and SME can be equally indicated in the treatment of maxillary arch constriction in patients with BCLP.

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Ulug, Bahar, and Ayca Arman Ozcirpici. "Early Maxillary Expansion with the Ni-Ti Memory Leaf Expander-A Compliance-Free Fixed Slow Maxillary Expansion Screw: A Report of 2 Cases." Turkish Journal of Orthodontics 34, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/turkjorthod.2021.20154.

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Jacob, Helder Baldi, Gerson Luiz Ulema Ribeiro, Jeryl D. English, Juliana da Silva Pereira, and Mauricio Brunetto. "A 3-D evaluation of transverse dentoalveolar changes and maxillary first molar root length after rapid or slow maxillary expansion in children." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 24, no. 3 (June 2019): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.24.3.079-087.oar.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the present study was to conduct a randomized clinical trial comparing the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and slow maxillary expansion (SME). Maxillary permanent first molar root length and tooth movement through the alveolus were studied using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Subjects with maxillary transverse deficiencies between 7 and 10 years of age were included. Using Haas-type expanders, children were randomly assigned to two groups: RME (19 subjects, mean age of 8.60 years) and SME (13 subjects, mean age of 8.70 years). Results: Buccal cortical, buccal bone thicknesses and dentoalveolar width decreased in both groups. In the RME group the greatest decrease was related to distal bone thickness (1.26 mm), followed by mesial bone thickness (1.09 mm), alveolar width (0.57 mm), and the buccal cortical (0.19 mm). In the SME group the mesial bone thickness decreased the most (0.87 mm) and the buccal cortical decreased the least (0.22 mm). The lingual bone thickness increased in the RME and SME groups (0.56 mm and 0.42 mm, respectively). The mesial root significantly increased in the RME group (0.52 mm) and in the SME group (0.40 mm), possibly due to incomplete root apex formation at T1 (prior to installation of expanders). Conclusions: Maxillary expansion (RME and SME) does not interrupt root formation neither shows first molar apical root resorption in juvenile patients. Although slightly larger in the RME group than SME group, both activation protocols showed similar buccal bone thickness and lingual bone thickness changes, without significant difference; and RME presented similar buccal cortical bone changes to SME.

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Tamaoki, Sachio, Hiroyuki Ishikawa, Shozaburo Hata, Shunsuke Takata, Madoka Yasunaga, and Akiko Abe. "Occlusal and Skeletal Changes induced by Protraction Facemask combined with Slow Maxillary Expansion." Journal of Hard Tissue Biology 26, no. 2 (2017): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2485/jhtb.26.141.

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Moriyasu, Katsuya, Chihiro Kuriyama, Keiko Kurihara, Asuka Fujihashi, Kohachiro Ohno, and Yoshinobu Asada. "Longitudinal clinical study on the effect of slow maxillary expansion with removable appliances." Pediatric Dental Journal 20, no. 1 (2010): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0917-2394(10)70196-8.

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Bukhari, Abdulkadir, David Kennedy, Alan Hannam, Jolanta Aleksejūnienė, and Edwin Yen. "Dimensional changes in the palate associated with slow maxillary expansion for early treatment of posterior crossbite." Angle Orthodontist 88, no. 4 (March 23, 2018): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/082317-571.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare palatal symmetry, dimensions, and molar angulations following early mixed-dentition slow maxillary expansion with parameters in normal controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients treated with a Haas-type expander for unilateral posterior crossbite with functional shift were compared with 30 controls matched for dental age, gender, and molar relationship. Records were taken before (T1) and after expansion (T2). Palatal width, surface area, volume, and molar angulations were measured on digitized models. Surface area and volume were split in half then divided into anterior, middle, and posterior segments to measure symmetry. Student's t-test was used to assess group differences. Results: Mean intercanine width increased 4.65 mm, and intermolar width increased 4.76 mm. The treated mean surface area increased 127.05 mm2 compared with 10.35 mm2 in controls. The treated palatal volume increased 927.55 mm3 compared with 159.89 mm3 for controls. At T1, the controls showed significant differences in surface area and volume between the anterior palatal segments. At T2, this difference occurred in surface area of middle palatal segments of the treated sample. First permanent molars showed an increased buccal and distal inclination after treatment, opposite to controls. The increase in buccal inclination was greater on the crossbite side. Conclusions: The Haas-type expander results in similar expansion across the canines and first molars. A palate that is symmetrical before expansion may become asymmetric after expansion but only in the middle segment. Changes in individual molar angulation following palatal expansion can be measured without radiation imaging.

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Caprioglio, Alberto, Francesco Castiglioni, Sergio Sambataro, Veronica Giuntini, Ilaria Comaglio, Federica Lorvetti, and Rosamaria Fastuca. "Changes in canine inclination after rapid and slow maxillary expansion compared to untreated controls." Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 23, no. 3 (April 26, 2020): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12377.

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Akkaya, S. "A comparison of sagittal and vertical effects between bonded rapid and slow maxillary expansion procedures." European Journal of Orthodontics 21, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/21.2.175.

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Alves, Arthur César de Medeiros, Olga Benário Vieira Maranhão, Guilherme Janson, and Daniela Gamba Garib. "Mandibular dental arch short and long-term spontaneous dentoalveolar changes after slow or rapid maxillary expansion: a systematic review." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 22, no. 3 (June 2017): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.22.3.055-063.oar.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the short and long-term spontaneous dentoalveolar changes of the mandibular dental arch after slow (SME) or rapid (RME) maxillary expansion in the mixed and early permanent dentitions. Methods: An electronic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria for article selection included randomized controlled trials and prospective studies written in English, with no restriction of year of publication, involving patients who underwent SME or RME during the mixed or early permanent dentitions. A double-blind search of articles was performed by two reviewers. Initially, the title and the abstract of the studies were read, and their references were also hand-searched for possible missing studies. A methodological quality scoring scale was used to analyze the selected articles. Results: The search retrieved 373 articles, but only 6 were selected for review after application of the eligibility and exclusion criteria. Non-clinically significant spontaneous dentoalveolar changes of approximately 1mm were found in the mandibular dental arch in the short and long-term, after slow or rapid maxillary expansions. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between treated and control groups. Conclusions: There is enough evidence to conclude that negligible short and long-term spontaneous dentoalveolar changes tend to occur in the mandibular dental arch after SME or RME in the mixed and early permanent dentitions. More randomized studies with appropriate control group are required to better evaluate this issue.

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Akkaya, S. "Comparison of dental arch and arch perimeter changes between bonded rapid and slow maxillary expansion procedures." European Journal of Orthodontics 20, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/20.3.255.

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de Almeida, Araci Malagodi, Terumi Okada Ozawa, Arthur César de Medeiros Alves, Guilherme Janson, José Roberto Pereira Lauris, Marilia Sayako Yatabe Ioshida, and Daniela Gamba Garib. "Slow versus rapid maxillary expansion in bilateral cleft lip and palate: a CBCT randomized clinical trial." Clinical Oral Investigations 21, no. 5 (August 22, 2016): 1789–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1943-8.

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de Melo da Silva, Antônio Augusto, Tiago de Arruda Martins, Henrique Rocha Mazorchi Veronese, and Michelle Inês e Silva. "Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor with maxillary sinus extension: Case report and therapeutic review." International Journal of Case Reports and Images 13, no. 2 (August 29, 2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/101330z01as2022cr.

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Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare benign neoplasm, with slow, localized, invasive, and asymptomatic growth. The involvement of the maxillary sinus by the neoplasm is rare, with its treatment controversial. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, imaging, and therapeutic characteristics of a CEOT with maxillary sinus extension, as well as a literature review of therapeutic approaches and the prognoses obtained from cases of the same extension. In this case report, we report the case of a female patient, 49 years old, Caucasian, with mild asymmetry of the middle third of the face. Clinical and imaging examinations showed an intraosseous tumor in the posterior region of the left hemimaxillary, with imprecise limits and extension of 44×24×32 mm, compromising the alveolar process, maxillary posterior teeth, posterior hemipalatal region, left maxillary sinus, and orbital floor, associated with local expansion, tooth mobility, maxillary sinusopathy, and nasal obstruction. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor diagnosis was obtained from incisional biopsy and histopathological examination. Surgical therapy of partial maxillectomy was performed from the Weber Ferguson Access with subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation. There were no postoperative complications. This case presented had satisfactory success with the therapy performed. The use of invasive therapies such as partial maxillectomies associated with transfacial approaches is an effective treatment for CEOT involving the maxillary sinus. Long-term follow-up is essential to avoid recurrences.

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Campos, León, and Cristian Moscoso. "Conservative Treatment of Odontogenic Fibromixoma in maxilla with 11-year follow-up. Case report." International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences 6, no. 3 (November 14, 2019): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/ijmss.2019.029.

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Introduction: Odontogenic mixomas (OMs) are a locally infiltrating slow-growing intraosseous nonmetastasizing tumors of the maxilla and the mandible that have the potential for bone destruction and cortical expansion, showing high recurrence rates. Their frequency varies around the world, accounting for 3-20% of all odontogenic tumors, ranking third among odontogenic tumors. They predominantly affect young adults, but may occur in various age groups. Report: A 37-year-old female patient who in August 2005 sought treatment at the Maxillofacial Dental Unit at Hospital Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile, for a left maxillary bone lesion. An increase in volume was observed in the left maxillary region in the clinical analysis of the oral cavity. The neoplasm was sessile and painless, measuring approximately 3 cm, with a greater diameter in the vestibule, firm on palpation and without signs of gangliopathy. Computed cone beam tomography imaging showed an extensive infiltrating osteolytic lesion in the left maxillary sinus, with no involvement of the orbital bone structure. Analysis of incisional biopsy yielded the diagnosis of Odontogenic Fibromixoma. It was proposed to perform the conservative treatment of the lesion, consisting of enucleation and surgical curettage, obtaining excellent postoperative results and absence of relapse after 11-year follow-up. Conclusion: The present case report provides evidence that supports the conservative surgical approach for the treatment of odontogenic myxomas, which contributes to a better postoperative quality of life for the patient.

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Elsayed, Eman, Noha Ghallab, and Mohamed Zayet. "Corticotomy-assisted slow maxillary expansion with bone allograft assessed with cone beam computed tomography in young adults." Egyptian Dental Journal 64, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 1987–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/edj.2018.76700.

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Esenlik, Elçin, and Meliha Rübendüz. "An evaluation of the dentoskeletal effects of slow maxillary expansion from the mixed to the permanent dentition." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 31, no. 1 (2021): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/aoj-2020-134.

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Martina, R., I. Cioffi, M. Farella, P. Leone, P. Manzo, G. Matarese, M. Portelli, R. Nucera, and G. Cordasco. "Transverse changes determined by rapid and slow maxillary expansion - a low-dose CT-based randomized controlled trial." Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 15, no. 3 (March 27, 2012): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-6343.2012.01543.x.

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Luiz Ulema Ribeiro, Gerson, Helder B. Jacob, Maurício Brunetto, Juliana Silva Pereira, Orlando Motohiro Tanaka, and Peter H. Buschang. "A preliminary 3‐D comparison of rapid and slow maxillary expansion in children: A randomized clinical trial." International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 30, no. 3 (January 16, 2020): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12597.

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Brunetto, Mauricio, Juliana da Silva Pereira Andriani, Gerson Luiz Ulema Ribeiro, Arno Locks, Marcio Correa, and Letícia Ruhland Correa. "Three-dimensional assessment of buccal alveolar bone after rapid and slow maxillary expansion: A clinical trial study." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 143, no. 5 (May 2013): 633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.12.008.

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Souza, Rodrigo Matos de, Henrique Telles de Oliveira, and Marcel Marchiori Farret. "Orthodontic treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate associated with maxillary canine/premolar transposition: case report." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 25, no. 3 (May 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.25.3.054-064.oar.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The cleft lip and palate is the most frequent craniofacial anomaly and as a consequence of this malformation some inadequate occlusal relationship between the arches are observed. Furthermore, dental absences, individual positioning changes of teeth as rotations, and in more rare situations the transpositions may be found as well. Description: In this context, in this article is reported a case of a 9-year-old patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate, with anterior and posterior crossbite on the left side, absence of the maxillary left lateral incisor, and transposition of the maxillary left canine and first premolar. The patient was treated with slow maxillary expansion, secondary graft and fixed orthodontic appliance, transposition maintenance and closing of the lateral incisor space with the first premolar, by means of mesialization of the posterior teeth. Results: At the end of the treatment, good intercuspation and an important aesthetic gain for the patient were achieved. The analysis three years after treatment revealed a good stability of the results obtained.

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Maria Cecília Sandes Seixas Vieira, Maria Cecília, Lucineide Lima dos Santos, Marlos Loiola, Marília Carolina De Araújo, Jéssica Rico Bocato, Paula Vanessa Pedron Oltramari, and Thais Maria Freire Fernandes. "Influência da Expansão Rápida da Maxila nas Vias Aéreas Superiores: uma Revisão de Literatura." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 25, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2021v25n3p352-356.

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A respiração bucal tem influência direta sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento da face e, consequentemente, sobre a oclusão dentária. As mudanças no posicionamento da língua e da mandíbula causadas pela respiração bucal geram desequilíbrio das forças, que atuam sobre os ossos da face e afetam o desenvolvimento da maxila, gerando constrição do arco e da cavidade nasal. Diante da fundamental importância desses fatores, este trabalho possui o objetivo de revisar a literatura existente sobre os tratamentos da mordida cruzada (MCP) com expansão rápida da maxila (ERM) e seus efeitos nas vias aéreas. As bases de dados acessadas para a busca foram: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library e EMBASE. O tratamento da MCP por atresia da maxila pode ser realizado com alguns tipos de aparelhos removíveis ou fixos. Quando o paciente apresenta uma atresia dento alveolar é indicado que seja tratado com expansão lenta. Caso seja uma atresia esquelética, o tratamento recomendado é com expansão rápida da maxila. Esta pode ser realizada por meio de aparelhos disjuntores fixos dentomucossuportados ou dentosuportados, a exemplo do aparelho tipo Haas e Hyrax, respectivamente. A expansão maxilar pode gerar alterações no volume das vias aéreas. A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) tornou possível realizar essa avaliação, por meio da aquisição de imagens de todas as estruturas do complexo maxilofacial em volume. Após esta revisão, percebe-se que a maioria dos estudos apresenta limitações metodológicas, vieses e ausência de grupo controle não tratados com expansão, havendo inconsistência entre os estudos. Palavras-chave: Ortodontia. Mordida Cruzada. Expansão Maxilar. Abstract Mouth breathing has a direct influence on the face growth and development, and consequently on dental occlusion. Changes in the tongue and jaw positioning caused by mouth breathing generate an imbalance of forces acting on the face bones and affect the jaw development, causing the arch and nasal cavity constriction. In view of the fundamental importance of these factors, this study aims to review the existing literature on crossbite treatments with rapid maxillary expansion and its effects on the airways. The treatment of posterior crossbite for the maxilla atresia can be performed with some types of removable or fixed devices. When the patient has an alveolar atresia, it is indicated that he or she be treated with slow expansion. If it is a skeletal atresia, the recommended treatment is with rapid maxillary expansion (ERM). This can be carried out by means of fixed dento-muco-supported or dento supported circuit breakers, such as the Haas and Hyrax type apparatus, respectively. Maxillary expansion can cause changes in airway volume. Conical beam computed tomography (CBCT) made it possible to perform this evaluation by acquiring images of all the structures of the maxillofacial complex in volume. After this review, it is clear that most studies have methodological limitations, bias and the absence of a control group not treated with expansion, with inconsistency between the studies. Keywords: Orthodontics. Crossbite. Maxillary Expansion.

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