Relevant bibliographies by topics / Slum dwellers

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Slum dwellers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Slum dwellers"

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Rahman, Mohammad Ataur, Afrin Jannat Dina, Mashrufah Khatun, and Sourav Das. "Livelihood assets and food consumption level of slum dwellers in some selected areas of Dhaka city of Bangladesh." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 7, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2022.070409.

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This study analyzes the socioeconomic characteristics, identifies the livelihood assets, determines the calorie intake level, and identifies the problems and constraints faced by the slum dwellers among randomly selected 60 households from Korail and Noyapara slums in Dhaka city. The study result reveals that the low share of old people in slums is nothing but a result of bad living and health conditions in slums. A very large share (almost 90 percent) of slum dwellers having less than 10 years of schooling is explained as an alarming sign. The amount of money the slum dwellers earn is 6 times lower compared to the average national income, which affects the slum dweller in a multidimensional way. For most of the key influencers of livelihood, this study finds that slum dwellers live in a vulnerable situation. Regarding calorie intake, about 90 percent of the total slum population belongs to ultra-poor, hard-core poor, and absolute poor categories, which need immediate action. As for problems and constraints, most of the slum dwellers indicate inadequate income, lack of housing space, water crisis, and lack of proper sanitation as their major problems.
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Kumar, Ashwani. "Human Rights And Slum Dwellers." Think India 22, no. 3 (October 23, 2019): 2049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8639.

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Human rights are the basis of democracy. India is the largest democratic country in the world the success of democracy depend upon people participation in political system. Therefore it is necessary that all people should have basic human rights in real sense. Modern form of state has become welfare and the aim of state is man. So it becomes essential that every section of society need to get fundamental rights. Slum population in India is very large and being citizens of India they have a fundamental rights to get every facility that led to achieve right to life. Slums have variety of problems they are indicator of poverty, the right to education, standard of living, privacy property are violated. this paper covers some issues of human right violation in slum populations. Human right violation is widespread and systematic in slum people living in India. Denied their rights to adequate water, sanitation, quality education and health. The purpose of this study to see how human right is being violated in many forms among slum dwellers. Eviction and resettlement policies have removed the slums residents from job, transportation, school and food. This leading to greater insecurity, health problem, unemployment, child labour & violence among slum dwellers. Keywords: Slums, Slum dwellers, Human Rights
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Satu, Shammi Akter, and Rowshon Ara Akter Juthi. "Factors, Nature and Impacts of Slum Dwellers Residential Mobility within the Dhaka City." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 6, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v6.n3.355.

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The pattern of residential mobility varies throughout the world. Slum populations consistently report higher rates of residential mobility than other populations. However, the pattern and the consequences of residential mobility of the slum dwellers are not well studied. Dhaka, the Capital of Bangladesh, has a large population, more than 14 million of which about 1.06 million live in slums with an increase of 60.73 percent in the last 17 years. The objectives of this study are: (1) to identify the significant factors of residential mobility of slum dwellers; and (2) to examine the patterns of residential mobility of slum dwellers in three slums area located in Dhaka. This study further analyzed the impacts of residential mobility on the socio-economic aspect of the slum dwellers. For this research purpose, 267 households from three slums of Dhaka namely Kallyanpur slum, Agargaon slum, and Karwan Bazar railgate slum were selected through non-probability convenience sampling and interviewed. This study found that residential mobility was influenced by factors which are related to life cycle; employment, income and distress; land tenure and homeownership; neighbourhood condition and grouping issues. Among all the studied variables the most five significant factors influencing residential mobility are slum eviction, unavailability of utility services, marriage, changing job and getting homeownership status. It is revealed that the nature of the residential mobility for the surveyed slum dwellers is mainly negative and it poses a significant impact on the socio-economic aspects of life. The findings of the study pave the way to recommend specific measures for the slum dwellers to improve their condition by lessening the negative impacts of residential mobility.
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Sclar, Elliott D., and Mary E. Northridge. "Slums, Slum Dwellers, and Health." American Journal of Public Health 93, no. 9 (September 2003): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.9.1381.

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Sharma, Ritu, Neeta Khurana, and Anna Bagrij. "Satisfaction of Life of Slum Dwellers Pre- and Post- Rehabilitation in India." Scholedge International Journal of Multidisciplinary & Allied Studies ISSN 2394-336X 5, no. 10 (April 8, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijmas051001.

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The present study was primary research intended to understand the quality of life of Slum Dwellers in Gujarat, India. Quality of life of 348 Slum Dwellers in Urban City of Gujarat was mapped on physical, psychological, social, environmental and economic factors using standardized psychometric tools and statistically computed to understand the variation across males and females of below poverty line residents of slums. Findings indicate a scenario of quality of life of slum dwellers before slum rehabilitation.
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Adamtey, Ronald, John Victor Mensah, and Gifty Obeng. "Making Cities Resilient in Ghana: The Realities of Slum Dwellers That Confront the Accra Metropolitan Assembly." Journal of Sustainable Development 14, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v14n1p70.

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Over the past three decades, various countries and stakeholders have aimed at having cities that can better handle natural and human-made disasters, protect human life, absorb the impact of economic, environmental and social hazards and promote well-being, inclusive and sustainable growth. This paper investigates how informal ties result in in-filling and the creation of slums in the context of efforts to make cities resilient in Ghana using the Accra Metropolis as case study. The United Nations Habitat classification of slums was used to purposively select two slum settlements in Accra for the study. The study used mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect data from April 2018 to August 2018. Quantitative data was collected from 400 slum dwellers while qualitative data was collected from eight focus group discussion sessions and in-depth interviews with at least one senior official from related institutions such as Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA), Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD), Ministry of Water Resources (MWR), Ministry of Works and Housing (MWH), Ministry of Inner City and Zongo Development (MICZD), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ghana Police Service, and Ghana National Fire Service. Descriptive techniques were used for the analysis. The findings are that informal ties contribute to in-filling in slums. Slum dwellers do not plan to return home, they are not involved in land use decision making and the slums have opportunities and challenges to the slum dwellers and AMA. The AMA should avoid forced eviction of slums and rather enforce development control bye-laws, implement slum upgrading programs, and involve slum dwellers in upgrading programs. Slum dwellers must cooperate with AMA to make Accra resilient. The mainstreaming of the issue of slums in all urban development agendas needs to be given the needed political and policy attention by central government and all stakeholders.
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Milbert, Isabelle. "Slums, Slum Dwellers and Multilevel Governance." European Journal of Development Research 18, no. 2 (June 2006): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09578810600717222.

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Metobo, Evans. "EFFECTS OF SLUM UPGRADING ON SECURITY MANAGMENT IN SOWETO SLUMS, ROYSAMBU SUB-COUNTY IN NAIROBI, KENYA." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 479–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.81.9648.

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This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis to explore the effects of slum upgrading on security management in Soweto slums, Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was guided by three objectives to establish social effect of slum upgrading on security management in Kahawa Soweto slums; to examine the economic effect of slum upgrading on security management in Kahawa Soweto slums; and to establish the challenges of security management in the slum upgrading programme for Kahawa Soweto Slums. The study adopted a descriptive research design and random sampling to select 318 respondents (main respondents) and 10 Key informants (K.I). Questionnaire was the main method of data collection while interview was used to collect data from K.I. Data collected was organized, and systematically interpreted thematically by use of graphs, frequency tables, and percentages. This study established the relationship between slum setting and rise of crime and insecurity in Kahawa Soweto slums in Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya with 69.2% of respondents agreeing to this count. According to this study, poor roads, high poverty levels, low education levels, poor spatial designs/environmental design of slum area and housing, absence of police station and poor lighting predisposed the slum dwellers to crime and insecurity. According to this study slum upgrade will reduce crime and insecurity, given that special aspects such as improvement in spatial designs/environmental design of urban areas and housing with enhanced modern lighting will significantly reduce crime in slums by eliminating criminogenic and insecurity risk factors. Additionally, improved economic effects of slum upgrading on slum dwellers would build resilience to crime and insecurity. This includes; Job creation, provision of educational facilities such as vocational training institutes (polytechnics), basic education institutions (primary and secondary schools) as well as other skills enhancement institutions. Community empowerment aimed at income generating activities, construction of police station to provide security to the slum dwellers (77%), and construction of better roads (55.3%) were recommended to reduce crime and improved security management in Kahawa Soweto slums in Roysambu sub-county in Nairobi, Kenya.
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Solymári, Daniel, Edward Kairu, Ráhel Czirják, and István Tarrósy. "The impact of COVID-19 on the livelihoods of Kenyan slum dwellers and the need for an integrated policy approach." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): e0271196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271196.

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This paper aims to deal with the impact of COVID-19 on the livelihoods of disadvantaged persons living in slums in Kenya. Months after the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Kenya in March 2020, most of the studies that have been carried out pertaining to its impact on slum dwellers have concentrated on narrowly defined concerns e.g. the impact of COVID-19 on youth, gender based violence and nutrition. It is thus difficult to get a clear global picture of the overall impact of COVID-19 on the livelihoods of slum dwellers in Kenya. This paper relies on information gathered during a comprehensive qualitative micro study covering numerous aspects of slum dwellers’ livelihoods, as well as information that has been produced by the Ministry of Health, civil society organizations that work in specific slums, private research organizations as well as local and foreign media houses. The slums whose information is reported in this paper were selected to be indicative of the over 300 slums that are located in Nairobi and Mombasa, the two most important cities in Kenya. The analysis concludes that slum dwellers were potentially at a higher risk under the pressures of COVID-19 of deteriorating conditions with regard to the provision of health services, employment, gender-based violence, education and youth-related problems, and human rights violations, and offers several recommendations to the government.
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Pandey, Alok, and Ajay Bhardwaj. "Socio-Economic Status of Slum Dwellers: A Cross-Sectional Study of five slums in Varanasi City." Journal of Global Economy 17, no. 3 (November 9, 2021): 164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v17i3.632.

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The study focuses on the socio-economic status (SES) of slum dwellers in Varanasi city. From the five wards of Varanasi slums, 200 households were interviewed with a predesigned questionnaire. To show the status of the families in the slum, we used Kuppuswamy's socio-economic class. The average score of Kuppuswamy'ssocio-economic status of slum dwellers is 7.7. In Varanasi city, based on the Kuppuswamy SES score, families belong to Upper-lower SES, and their average SES is seven. The states should focus on poverty, unemployment, income, and essential services in city areas. The present study suggests improving the socio-economic condition, which led to improved social, educational, and income status in slums.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Slum dwellers"

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McFarlane, Colin. "Travelling knowledges : urban poverty and slum/shack dwellers international." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3126/.

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The relationship between knowledge and development is of growing importance in development theory and practice. Despite the growth in interest, there are significant issues that have not been explored in detail. I will focus on some of these issues, including: the ways in which knowledge and learning are conceived and created in development; the ways in which knowledge travels; the opportunities for learning between 'North' and 'South'; and the political spaces that are created through different kinds of knowledge. To explore these issues, I examine a network of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and community-based organisations (CBOs) called Slum/Shack Dwellers International (SDI). This network seeks to reconfigure the governance of urban poverty reduction strategies and encourage poor' people to re-think their own capacities and potentials. In particular, I draw on interview-based fieldwork conducted on one key member of this group, the Indian Alliance based in Mumbai. I critically examine some of the possibilities and challenges of various forms of 'travelling knowledges'. These are strategies that have travelled through exchanges, wherein groups of poor people travel from one settlement to another to share stories and experiences with other poor people in what amounts to an informal 'training' process. By examining exchanges between SDI and groups in the UK, I critically discuss the broader potential in development to move beyond barriers of North and South that limit learning. I adopt a broadly post-rationalist approach to the concerns in the thesis. Through this, I argue the importance of considering knowledge and learning as produced through relations of near and far, social and material, and as driven by routines and practices. A post-rationalist approach helps us to understand and appreciate the importance of geography for knowledge and learning in the SDI network. This approach draws attention to power. It encourages a critical consciousness that is alert to the kinds of knowledge conceived for development, and that recognizes the various ways in which different knowledges help create different types of politics. A post-rationalist approach also cautions against conceptions of knowledge and learning that risk marginalizing geography and power in development more generally. The thesis demonstrates the need to give further consideration of how knowledge is conceived as a development strategy, and what the potential possibilities and pitfalls of travelling knowledges are.
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Tsujita, Yuko. "Education, poverty and schooling : a study of Delhi slum dwellers." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/49668/.

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Poverty reduction and Education for All (EFA) are important policy issues in many developing countries as they are both Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). As the existing literature suggests, education positively influences poverty reduction, while poverty, or low income, adversely affects the quality and quantity of education. Accordingly, if education fails to facilitate poverty reduction, the following generation's schooling is likely to be adversely affected, thus perpetuating a vicious education–poverty circle. It was against such a background, and employing a mixed methods approach to data collection and analysis, that this study investigated the relationship between education and multidimensional poverty at an individual as well as household level, and the influence of deprivation on children's education, in the context of the slum in Delhi, India. The thesis reveals that education – particularly primary and middle schooling – enhances the earnings of male slum dwellers in particular, the overwhelming majority of whom suffer from informality and instability of employment. It also emerges that education plays an important role in the ability to participate with confidence in the public sphere. At the household level, education proves to have a positive association with monetary poverty, but a higher level of education per se does not necessarily facilitate escape from non-monetary poverty. In such a nexus of poverty and education, the thesis found that household wealth in association with social group and migration status tends to be positively correlated with child schooling, education expenditure, and basic learning. There may be a chance of escaping poverty through education, but such a likelihood is limited for those households that are underprivileged in terms of caste and religion owing to slow progress in basic learning, as well as migrant households due to lack of access to schooling. The thesis concludes by proposing some education policies drawn from the major findings of the study that may be implemented in the Indian slum context.
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Mukhija, Vinit. "Squatters as developers? : Mumbai's slum dwellers as equity partners in redevelopment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8959.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.
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This dissertation analyzes the slum redevelopment strategy introduced by the state government of Maharashtra (India) in its capital city, Mumbai (Bombay). The strategy involves demolishing the existing slums and building on the same sites at a higher density, new, medium rise apartment-blocks including entirely cross-subsidized housing for the original slum dwellers. Slum redevelopment is distinctly different from the two prevalent conventional strategies with respect to slums in developing countries - slum clearance and slum upgrading. Interestingly, the strategy appears to enjoy considerable support of slum dwellers, NGOs, private developers and politicians. The study focuses on a single slum redevelopment case - the Markandeya Cooperative Housing Society (MCHS) - to show how the state government amended the land development regulations to enhance the potential land values and allowed the slum dwellers to share in the high development values. This analysis of the role of the State in promoting a new housing strategy and providing crucial support in implementation contributes to our understanding of housing provision policy in three ways. First, it provides insights into slum redevelopment as an alternative housing strategy. It analyzes the problems faced and the solutions innovated in the implementation of this strategy. It argues that despite slum redevelopment's shortcomings, the strategy may be superior to other alternatives, especially if the State can provide implementation support. Second, it identifies nontraditional issues, often overlooked in housing improvement that may help make slum upgrading programs more successful. Contrary to the conventional focus only on private property rights, the dissertation argues for policy to be based on a differentiated view of property rights (including common property rights) that also considers the property values, the physical structure of the property-holdings and the interplay among these issues. Third, the study reveals the complexities involved in housing production for low-income groups and demonstrates that enabling housing provision, even with the participation of private sector agents, requires an active government role. Paradoxically, enabling may require four levels of seeming contradictions - both decentralization and centralization; both demand-driven and supply driven development; both private as well as public investment; and both deregulation and new regulations.
by Vinit Mukhija.
Ph.D.
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Manandhar, Mary Catherine. "Undernutrition and impaired functional ability amongst elderly slum dwellers in Mumbai, India." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367911.

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Desai, Vandana. "Aspects of community participation among slum dwellers in achieving housing in Bombay." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d4839cdd-effd-4ff2-975a-9a73c7b31d75.

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This thesis is concerned with the housing and service needs of the poor (slum dwellers) in Bombay and how they are articulated and satisfied. It discusses how the poor perceive the constraints on slum servicing and improvement, their involvement in community organizations, and the role the community and its leaders play in influencing state action. Since housing and servicing issues directly impinge on the interests of politicians and bureaucrats as well as on those of the poor, patterns of provision mirror closely the nature of the relationship between the poor and how political and administrative power operates at various levels. Chapter 1 provides the research aims and objectives while Chapter 2 reviews the literature on community participation. Chapter 3 on Bombay places housing development in context and also serves as background study to the thesis. This research studies three different slum settlements housing migrants to Bombay. Two surveys of these three slum settlements were carried out, involving interviews with 135 households. Chapter 4 describes the characteristics of these households, while chapters 5, 6, and 7 give the arguments of the thesis. It is shown that, despite an established system of representative community organisations and a pro-participation rhetoric in bureaucratic discourse, most slum dwellers are excluded from participating in decision-making. A patron-client relationship exists between politicians, bureaucrats and community leaders, both in determining the community leaders' power as well as the level of services and physical benefits that he/she could win for the slum community. Leaders are generally better educated, better employed, more prosperous and highly motivated than most of their community. The NGO in this study has acted mainly as intermediary between the government and the slum-dwellers.
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Woiwode, Christoph. "Urban risk communication in Ahmedabad, India : between slum dwellers and the municipal corporation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445152/.

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Since rapid urban growth forces poor households to settle in highly congested urban areas, slum dwellers are increasingly vulnerable due to a multiplicity of hazards rooted in the environment, nature, health, society and the urban economy. Hitherto, the understanding of urban risks and the vulnerability of inhabitants has been an underrepresented subject in urban planning. The different reasoning and rationales of slum dwellers, municipal authorities and other actors provide each with different perceptions of risks. This study focuses on the communication of urban risks between two slum communities and the Municipal Corporation of Ahmedabad by examining endeavours in slum improvement and more responsive urban governance. In using a conceptual framework that synthesises socio-cultural approaches to risk, communication theories and collaborative planning theory, the thesis points out the deficiencies and potentials of risk communication in long-term urban development planning. Currently urban risk management is not recognised as an integrated, cross-sectoral topic by the Municipal Corporation. Due to the structural fabric of the administration and the lack of capacity and guidance, the notion of risk is based on conventional approaches to disaster risk management with responsibilities spread across various departments. By contrast, slum dwellers have a much more integrated understanding of the micro-level risk conditions in which they live and work. The findings of this study suggest that a meaningful two-way communication process can only take place if the interaction of stakeholders is understood in terms of human relationships that go beyond techno-bureaucratic co-ordination and the prevalent notion of mono-directional communication. This concept of communication is underpinned by values such as trust, fairness, credibility and justice in interaction in the context of urban governance. The research approach and the findings suggest areas for improved policy making and further research. The outcome of the research especially contributes to a better understanding of urban risk situations in the social and cultural contexts of poor communities in India. Hence this investigation may be viewed as a potential basis for generating practical guidelines for mitigation policies and their links to urban governance.
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Tesot, Longinus. "Managing Urban Sprawls in Cities of the Developing South : The Case of Slum Dwellers International." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201388.

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This thesis seeks to review Urban Sustainability in cities of the Developing South within the broader spectrum of Sustainable Development. Notably, the Developing South has for many years struggled to embrace Sustainability in its general terms: in part, because of the fragile institutions that cannot be counted on to uphold sustainability in the truest sense of the word; and in part because of the numerous challenges that often distract any attempt to prioritize Sustainable Development. Sustainability then becomes an option in the midst of other options, rather than an option that should affect all other options. Narrowing it down further to matters urban makes it even stranger in a host of cities across the Developing South. It is against this backdrop that this study seeks to examine in depth the contextual challenges that have invariably stood in the way of Sustainable Development across the Developing South. While it may not be practically possible in a four-month study to offer outright solutions or recommendations that could address these challenges in entirety, this study nevertheless has endeavoured to stay true to the realities that are often ignored whenever challenges of Sustainable Development are mentioned on global platforms. Among these realities is the reality of slum presence in most cities of the Developing South that existentially complicates any equation for urban sustainability ever formulated to provide a way out or forward for these cities. State governments understand this too well, and so do Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and international organizations alike involved in the crusade for improved living conditions for city resident, and in particular slum residents. Yet the State governments have never been as resolute in their quest for slum free cities. The question then remains: exactly what are the sustainable approaches for this noble cause? While the State governments have over the years insisted on enforcing conventional approaches (that include forced evictions, relocations and/ or redevelopment); one international network, however, thinks and responds differently to slum situations. The network is Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI). It is considerably this network of slum dwellers and their undeniably innovative approach to urban sustainability and inclusivity that largely frames the direction and general content of this study. Specifically, the methodology adopted in the study is one of a Case study - which in this case is SDI; and two separate Cases, namely Railway Relocation Action Plan (RAP) in Nairobi, Kenya and slum Re-blocking project in Joe Slovo, Cape Town, South Africa, respectively - as typical cases that captures in large part the enormous contribution that SDI is making towards inclusive and sustainable cities in the Developing South. In the discussion part, however, the study introduces Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) as a comparative methodology to SDI’s approach. SSM particularly benefits from LUMAS model and Social Learning – both key components that potentially reserve a dynamic capacity to enriching SDI’s approach as a future reference methodology for urban sustainability and inclusivity.
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Roy, Sarkar Ranjita. "Study on socio-economic conditions of slum dwellers of siliguri municipal corporation: geographical analysis." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2795.

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Bisiaux, R. "Making a living in a slum settlement : the relative influence of norms, cognition and group practices on slum dwellers' choices related to earning a living." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1470166/.

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This doctoral thesis explores slum dwellers’ decisions regarding their ways of making a living. The different aspects of earning one’s life in a poverty situation have been mostly studied from the perspective of livelihood assets, the circulation of information about opportunities, the management of skills and relationships, and the affirmation of personal significance in carrying out one’s livelihood strategy. By contrast, this research investigates the decisions behind making a living, by looking at the relative influence of 1) the norms shaping the slum dwellers’ environment, 2) slum dwellers’ individual intentions, 3) slum dwellers’ motivation to comply with others’ behaviours, and 4) the narratives slum dwellers build around the rationality of their choices. In an attempt to address the knowledge gap concerning the interactions between decision-making and poverty, the research documents and analyses the interplay of individual and social factors affecting decision-making processes in the Thapathali slum settlement of Kathmandu, Nepal. The research shows that through their discourse, slum dwellers relay normative beliefs, that is, beliefs which are influenced by norms or definitions of what is acceptable. It is found that these normative beliefs have a partially prescriptive role in determining how slum dwellers make decisions. Most unexpectedly, while slum dwellers’ interpretations of norms produce normative beliefs that are difficult to revise such as valuation neglect – the dispositions of slum dwellers to strive for further opportunities being limited by the collective interpretation of their constrained situation –, the research demonstrates that particular norms such as religious and caste-related norms create a room for manoeuvre as slum dwellers interpret these norms while serving their individual interests, therefore shifting the boundaries of the collectively accepted norms. Driven by one’s will to ‘opt out’ from caste discrimination, some slum dwellers instrumentalise their religious affiliation and convert to Christianity to overcome discrimination and access further benefits within the community, while others make use of their caste-related skills to enhance their array of opportunities. The research concludes that decisions related to making a living in situations of poverty are primarily characterised by the volatility of the normative beliefs behind these decisions: slum dwellers recurrently interpret and re-interpret norms in an attempt to best align their behaviours with their individual intentions and the collective reasons given for certain behaviours within the community. As such, it is the study of the production of normative beliefs that best achieves the unpacking of decision processes and decision practices related to making a living in the Thapathali slum settlement.
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Andavarapu, Deepika. "Victims or Survivors: A View of Resilience from Slum-Dwellers Perspective (A Case Of Pedda-Jalaripeta, India)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1468511965.

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Books on the topic "Slum dwellers"

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Anupurna, Rathor. Slum dwellers, curse on development. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2003.

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Adesanmi, Pius Adebola. The slum dwellers: A play. Ibadan, Nigeria: Tafak Publications, 1999.

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Ara, Shabeen. Old age among slum dwellers. New Delhi: South Asian Publishers, 1994.

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Gupta, Indrani. Slum dwellers in Delhi: An unhealthy population. Delhi: Institute of Economic Growth, 1998.

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Njeri, Kabeberi, and Kenya Human Rights Commission. Land Rights Program., eds. Behind the curtain: A study on squatters, slums, and slum dwellers. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Human Rights Commission, Land Rights Program, 1996.

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Wit, Joop de. Slum dwellers, slum leaders and the government apparatus: Relations between actors in slum upgrading in Madras. Amsterdam: Free University, Institute of Cultural Anthropology/Sociology of Development, 1985.

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D, Thompson J., ed. Freetown urban slum dwellers: Their problems and needs. Freetown, Sierra Leone: Institute of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, Fourah Bay College, 1989.

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Mohanti, K. K. Displaced slum dwellers of Bhubaneswar and their rehabilitation. Bhubaneswar: Nabakrushna Choudhury Centre for Development Studies, 1990.

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Kaish, Mohd. Livelihoods and health status of slum dwellers in urban India. New Delhi: R.K. Books, 2012.

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Psycho social and demographic profiles of Hindu-Muslim slum dwellers in Delhi. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Slum dwellers"

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Beck, Dave, and Rod Purcell. "Slum Dwellers International." In Community Development for Social Change, 94–98. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315528618-18.

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Hasan, Samiul, Ruth Crocker, Damien Rousseliere, Georgette Dumont, Sharilyn Hale, Hari Srinivas, Mark Hamilton, et al. "Shack/Slum Dwellers International." In International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 1370–71. New York, NY: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4_458.

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Das, Ashok. "Shack/Slum Dwellers International." In International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_458-1.

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Abascal, Angela, Stefanos Georganos, Monika Kuffer, Sabine Vanhuysse, Dana Thomson, Jon Wang, Lawrence Manyasi, et al. "Making Urban Slum Population Visible: Citizens and Satellites to Reinforce Slum Censuses." In Urban Inequalities from Space, 287–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49183-2_14.

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AbstractIn response to the “Leave No One Behind” principle (the central promise of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development), reliable estimate of the total number of citizens living in slums is urgently needed but not available for some of the most vulnerable communities. Not having a reliable estimate of the number of poor urban dwellers limits evidence-based decision-making for proper resource allocation in the fight against urban inequalities. From a geographical perspective, urban population distribution maps in many low- and middle-income cities are most often derived from outdated or unreliable census data disaggregated by coarse administrative units. Moreover, slum populations are presented as aggregated within bigger administrative areas, leading to a large diffuse in the estimates. Existing global and open population databases provide homogeneously disaggregated information (i.e. in a spatial grid), but they mostly rely on census data to generate their estimates, so they do not provide additional information on the slum population. While a few studies have focused on bottom-up geospatial models for slum population mapping using survey data, geospatial covariates, and earth observation imagery, there is still a significant gap in methodological approaches for producing precise estimates within slums. To address this issue, we designed a pilot experiment to explore new avenues. We conducted this study in the slums of Nairobi, where we collected in situ data together with slum dwellers using a novel data collection protocol. Our results show that the combination of satellite imagery with in situ data collected by citizen science paves the way for generalisable, gridded estimates of slum populations. Furthermore, we find that the urban physiognomy of slums and population distribution patterns are related, which allows for highlighting the diversity of such patterns using earth observation within and between slums of the same city.
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Brown, Andrea M. "Co-productive Urban Planning: Protecting and Expanding Food Security in Uganda’s Secondary Cities." In Transforming Urban Food Systems in Secondary Cities in Africa, 69–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_4.

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AbstractCo-production, a strategy increasingly being adopted by urban planners, has potential for protecting and expanding urban food security. Its goals go beyond those of participation to include substantive sharing in policy design, implementation and monitoring: shifting some power associated with these decisions and actions to primary stakeholders. Co-production is desirable for empowerment outcomes, and also on grounds of greater efficiency, cost savings and more locally informed planning. Slum/Shack Dwellers International (SDI) is a lead actor in co-production and has partnered with the Government of Uganda, working on pro-poor urban development projects underway in several secondary cities, including Jinja and Mbale. SDI frames slum dweller advocacy in a rights-based discourse with provisions that informal settlement residents articulate their own priorities. Given food access is a central priority of the urban poor, co-production creates opportunities to address urban food insecurity. However, governments, including municipal and national governments in Uganda, resist genuine power sharing with urban slum dwellers. This research explores how co-production engages slum dwellers and governance actors in the secondary cities of Jinja and Mbale, Uganda. It seeks to understand the possibilities and limitations of the current SDI co-productive programing in the context of urban food security. Empirical evidence to support this research is drawn from interviews with urban planning stakeholders in Kampala, Jinja and Mbale in 2015 and 2018.
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Lall, Vinay D., and Somik V. Lall. "Improving Lives of Slum Dwellers: Challenges and Strategies." In Handbook on Urban Sustainability, 195–243. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5698-7_5.

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Beier, Raffael. "Revisiting Stokes’ Theory of Slums: Towards Decolonised Housing Concepts from the Global South." In The Urban Book Series, 53–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06550-7_4.

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AbstractRecently, large-scale housing programmes have experienced a revival in many countries of the Global South. They are criticised for their top-down, standardised, and supply-driven nature, which hardly meets people’s demands. At the heart of the problem lies the concept of “material decency”—a normative and shelter-centric notion of housing, inspired by colonial planning and developmentalist thought. Many African housing programmes confuse “material decency” with the demand-driven, bottom-up concept, of adequate housing. Following this, the stigmatisation of autoconstructed neighbourhoods prevails and housing is primarily reduced to a question of material shelter. Adding to significant contributions about the need for southern perspectives on urban planning, this chapter offers an alternative entry point by revisiting Stokes’ A Theory of Slums published in 1962. Interestingly, Stokes’ theory did not deal with housing directly but focused on “slum” dwellers’ socioeconomic integration and structural factors of exclusion. I argue to re-interpret Stokes’ notion of barriers to social escalation as a structural discrimination of “slum” dwellers. Such stigmatisation may be read as a major reason behind the proliferation of so-called slums. Based on the author’s fieldwork in Morocco and additional literature, the aim is to deconstruct the role of “material decency” and to offer pathways towards decolonised housing concepts from the Global South. For this purpose, the chapter suggests five cornerstones of adequate housing, namely subjectivity, non-materiality, flexibility, contextuality, and choice.
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Huq, Md Enamul, Zhenfeng Shao, Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi, Md Nazirul Islam Sarker, Cai Bowen, Abdullah Al Mamun, Nayyer Saleem, Akib Javed, and Md Mahabubur Rahman. "Measuring Vulnerability to Flash Flood of Urban Dwellers." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 317–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_12.

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AbstractFlash floods are unexpected, localized flood events that occur when an exceptional amount of rain falls happens over a short period of time. In South Asia, it is mostly disastrous, for example, in 2017 flash floods killed approximately 1200 people from India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. However, it is also common in Dhaka megacity, Bangladesh due to its geographic location, monsoon climatic condition and surrounding rivers. Though it is impossible to avoid them, the losses and damages of hazards can be reduced effectively by using appropriate techniques. This study aims to determine the responsible factors and measure the household vulnerability to flash flood as a tool of mitigation. The study has been conducted based on primary data. Therefore, data were collected from both slum and non-slum population to cover the entire urban habitats. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire based on five factors (social, economic, institutional, structural, and environmental) of vulnerability to flash flood. The key feature of this paper is to provide an insight into real picture of vulnerability to flash flood for urban habitants. Moreover, this practical approach is useful to quantify hazard-induced vulnerabilities not only for Dhaka megacity but also for other cities of the globe.
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Singh, Brijendra Nath, and Braj Raj Kumar Sinha. "Quality of Life of Slum Dwellers: A Theoretical Approach." In Multidimensional Approach to Quality of Life Issues, 75–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6958-2_6.

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Dupont, Véronique, and M. M. Shankare Gowda. "COVID-19 responses of displaced slum dwellers in Delhi." In COVID-19 Responses of Local Communities around the World, 77–98. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003291220-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Slum dwellers"

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Mamley Osae, Erika, John Victor Mensah, David Wellington Essaw, and Rufai Kilu. "A functional support system in a bustling 24/7 economy: Perspectives on slum dwellers in Ashaiman, Ghana." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002156.

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Slums are often associated with negativities in society including social vices, thievery and arm robbery due to the unsightly nature of the settlements, characterized with filth and insanitary conditions. However, slums provide accommodation for rural-urban migrants who are unable to afford the high cost of rent due to several factors including poor housing policy by government, high rental cost, financial difficulties, unemployment and poverty. This study aims at ascertaining the functional activities and survival strategies of slum dwellers in Ashaiman Municipality in Ghana. Ashaiman is a sprawling urban settlement, parts of which exhibit characteristics of a slum. It is a home to people from many ethnic groups within and outside Ghana who are all there to eke out a living. It also provides space for well organised and recognised professional, trade, ethnic, welfare and youth associations with formal structures and support systems to ensure good governance, compliance and reward systems. This study deployed a mixed method approach to collect quantitative and qualitative data from 490 respondents and 13 key informants in two slum communities; namely; Manmomo and Tulaku within Ashaiman Municipality. Interview schedule, interview guides and focus group discussion guides were used to collect data. Appropriate techniques were used to process and analyse the data. The results showed that the slum dwellers presented varied economic potentials as they contributed to the bustling 24/7 economy. The local economy was characterised by small and micro-scale activities in the informal sector. The municipal authority generated revenue through taxation in whatever form while the slum dwellers provided a strong voting block for politicians. However, the slums also provided the opacity needed for illegal activities. The slum residents operated in an under-served location with deficits in security, infrastructure, health and environmental sanitation. The survival strategies included social safety in terms of perception of historical and traditional ties, social acceptability, social network, security and business opportunities. The diverse characteristics, capacities, tenacity arising from survival experiences, adaptability, social capital, political clout in numbers, and youthful population contribute to make the slum communities in Ashaiman a place of survival. The main argument of the study is that slum dwellers demonstrate resourcefulness, thereby debunking their association with low levels of access to productive sources. It is therefore, recommended that the central government, local government, technocrats, the private sector and civil society groups should collaborate to enhance the potentials of the slum dwellers for local level development.
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Zakia, Umme, Md Saiful Islam, Amena Taher Antara, MD Salekin Ferdouas, and Tasmi Tamanna Arif. "A novel approach to aware slum dwellers during fire breakthrough using D2D communication." In 2016 IEEE 7th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemcon.2016.7746092.

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Netzband, Maik, and Atiqur Rahman. "Physical characterisation of deprivation in cities: How can remote sensing help to profile poverty (slum dwellers) in the megacity of Delhi/India?)." In 2009 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urs.2009.5137652.

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Boo, Yebeen Ysabelle, Logan Manikam, Yasmin Bou Karim, Shereen Al Laham, Ria Marwaha, Priti Parikh, and Monica Lakhanpaul. "Operationalising A One Health Approach To Reduce The Burden Of Infection And Antimicrobial Resistance In Under-5 Urban Slum Dwellers: The Childhood Infections And Pollution Consortium (CHIP)." In AAP National Conference & Exhibition Meeting Abstracts. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.147.3_meetingabstract.248.

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Goyal, Anubhav. "ESTRATEGIAS Y ENFOQUES PERTINENTES AL ESPACIO PÚBLICO PARA HACER FRENTE A LAS INUNDACIONES." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Bogotá: Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10153.

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Climate change and disasters are fast emerging as the most defining challenge of the 21st century as global risk. Changes in many extreme weather and climate events have been observed and linked with human influences, including an increase in extreme high sea levels and an increase in the number of heavy precipitation events. About 70 percent of the coastlines worldwide are projected to experience sea level change within 20 percent of the global mean. India, a developing country of global south and a major global contributor, is among the first ten countries in climate risk index. The country is witnessing average sea level rise of 1.7 mm/ year with rising sea projections in coastal cities. Further, India host a large percentage of urban population living in slums. Dharavi slum, Asia's biggest slum, located in the centre of Mumbai along the coast, host a population of more than a million in just 2.1 square kilometre. Slums are located at land which is usually unsuitable for formal development, being the low lying marshy areas along the river basins or coastal mangroves. As a direct cause, the physical location of the slums in developing world, makes them at a greater risk of flooding. Urban slums of metropolitan Mumbai, Kolkata and Surat in India, along with many others, are vulnerable to flooding. The present policy framework lack in providing for climate resilience and has thus compelled the slum dwellers to adapt to the risk of flooding with local community based measures involving public space retrofits. The paper assess these adaptation measures and strategies from different coastal urban slums in India and aims to create a theoretical framework of measures and elements. Case study analysis approach is used to generate for adaptation strategies and presented in the parameters (type – time – role – intent and scale of adaptation). Results showcases a framework of adaptive and mitigation measures pertinent to local participation and public space retrofits for coastal urban slums. It enables the generation of a typology, lexicon of measures and elements, a toolkit to face extreme floods. Community mobilization with public space retrofits open new possibilities for addressing future floods and in gaining resilience. Keywords: Adaptation, coping strategies, flood resilience in slums, public space retrofits. El cambio climático y las catástrofes se están convirtiendo rápidamente en el reto más definitorio del siglo XXI como riesgo global. Se han observado cambios en muchos fenómenos meteorológicos y climáticos extremos y se han relacionado con la influencia humana, como el aumento del nivel del mar extremadamente alto y el incremento del número de precipitaciones intensas. Se prevé que alrededor del 70% de las costas de todo el mundo experimenten un cambio en el nivel del mar dentro del 20% de la media mundial. India, un país en desarrollo del sur global y uno de los principales contribuyentes mundiales, se encuentra entre los diez primeros países en el índice de riesgo climático. El país está experimentando una subida media del nivel del mar de 1,7 mm/año con proyecciones de aumento del mar en las ciudades costeras. Además, India alberga un gran porcentaje de población urbana que vive en barrios marginales. El barrio marginal de Dharavi, el más grande de Asia, situado en el centro de Bombay a lo largo de la costa, alberga una población de más de un millón de personas en sólo 2,1 kilómetros cuadrados. Los barrios marginales están situados en terrenos que suelen ser inadecuados para el desarrollo formal, ya que son zonas pantanosas bajas a lo largo de las cuencas de los ríos o de los manglares costeros. Como causa directa, la ubicación física de los barrios marginales en el mundo en desarrollo hace que corran un mayor riesgo de inundación. Los barrios marginales del área metropolitana de Mumbai, Calcuta y Surat en India, junto con muchos otros, son vulnerables a las inundaciones. El marco político actual carece de resiliencia climática y, por tanto, ha obligado a los habitantes de los barrios marginales a adaptarse al riesgo de inundaciones con medidas locales basadas en la comunidad que implican la readaptación del espacio público. El documento evalúa estas medidas y estrategias de adaptación de diferentes barrios marginales costeros de la India y pretende crear un marco teórico de medidas y elementos. Se utiliza un enfoque de análisis de casos para generar estrategias de adaptación y se presentan los parámetros (tipo - tiempo - función - intención y escala de la adaptación). Los resultados muestran un marco de medidas de adaptación y mitigación pertinentes para la participación local y la reconversión del espacio público para los barrios marginales urbanos de la costa. Permite generar una tipología, un léxico de medidas y elementos, una caja de herramientas para hacer frente a las inundaciones extremas. La movilización de la comunidad con la readaptación del espacio público abre nuevas posibilidades para hacer frente a futuras inundaciones y para ganar resiliencia. Palabras clave: Adaptación, estrategias de afrontamiento, resiliencia a las inundaciones en barrios marginales, readaptación del espacio público.
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Reports on the topic "Slum dwellers"

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Zanoni, Wladimir, Paloma Acevedo, Giulia Zane, and Hugo Hernández. Discrimination Against Workers From Slums: What Is its Extent, What Explains It, and How Do We Tackle It? Inter-American Development Bank, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004799.

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Nearly 120 million people reside in urban slums in Latin America and the Caribbean, where precarious housing and socioeconomic circumstances testify to deep inequality. This paper investigates whether labor market discrimination influences the realities of fewer formal jobs and lower wages with which slum dwellers contend. We implemented a field experiment in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in which we hired human resource recruiters and tasked them with evaluating several pairs of similarly productive job applicants. Out of every 10 applicants, the recruiters chose slum dwellers 4.2 times and other applicants 5.8 times. They also evaluated slum dwellers as less fit for the vacancies and offered them lower wages (nearly 2 percent lower). An intervention showed recruiters the discrimination rate in Buenos Aires, after which they began favoring slum dwellers.
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Zanoni, Wladimir, Paloma Acevedo, and Hugo Hernandez. Job Market Discrimination against Slum Dwellers in Urban Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004179.

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Gertler, Paul, Sebastián Galiani, Raimundo Undurraga, Adam Ross, Sebastian Martinez, and Ryan Cooper. Shelter from the Storm: Upgrading Housing Infrastructure in Latin American Slums. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011645.

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This paper provides empirical evidence on the causal effects that upgrading slum dwellings has on the living conditions of the extremely poor. In particular, we study the impact of providing better houses in situ to slum dwellers in El Salvador, Mexico and Uruguay. We experimentally evaluate the impact of a housing project run by the NGO TECHO which provides basic pre-fabricated houses to members of extremely poor population groups in Latin America. The main objective of the program is to improve household well-being. Our findings show that better houses have a positive effect on overall housing conditions and general well-being: treated households are happier with their quality of life. In two countries, we also document improvements in children's health; in El Salvador, slum dwellers also feel that they are safer.We do not find this result, however, in the other two experimental samples. There are no other noticeable robust effects on the possession of durable goods or in terms of labor outcomes. Our results are robust in terms of both internal and external validity because they are derived from similar experiments in three different Latin American countries.
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Sebastian, Mary, Monica Grant, and Barbara Mensch. Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health programme for urban slum dwellers in India. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy5.1009.

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Huntington, Dale, Mary Sebastian, Barbara Mensch, Wesley Clark, Aditya Singh, Sohini Roychowdhury, M. E. Khan, et al. Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health program for urban slum dwellers in India. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1166.

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Zanoni, Wladimir, Paloma Acevedo, and Hugo Hernández. Conceptual and methodological note to measure discrimination against slum dwellers and the impact on discrimination of slum upgrading interventions: Case study of BuenosAires. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002907.

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Galiani, Sebastian, Paul Gertler, and Raimundo Undurraga. The Half-Life of Happiness: Hedonic Adaptation in the Subjective Well-Being of Poor Slum Dwellers to a Large Improvement in Housing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21098.

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Guerra, Flávia, Gabriela Merlinsky, Jorgelina Hardoy, Daniel Kozak, Michael Roll, Tobías Melina, and Pablo Pereira. TUC City Profile: Buenos Aires, Argentina. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/sbph3038.

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While it is the jurisdiction with the highest per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in Argentina, there are historically marked differences in socioeconomic levels and socio-environmental conditions between the north and the south of the city of Buenos Aires. The effects of climate change are intertwined with those of economic globalization, a process of “double exposure” that disproportionately affects particular social groups and areas in the city. Slums and informal settlements in Buenos Aires are growing in size. Most face significant resource and infrastructure deficits, as well as high flood risk, and are thus highly vulnerable to the effects of a changing climate. Tackling climate change in Buenos Aires requires integrated adaptation and mitigation approaches that put the most vulnerable at the centre. The ongoing socio-urban integration processes in informal settlements represent opportunities to rethink and territorialize climate action from an integrated habitat perspective. Since the early 2000s, Buenos Aires has built a robust track record of climate policy, including a climate change law and three Climate Action Plans (PACs). The city has also long been a hotbed for social movements, with a recent resurgence of “the right to the city,” defined as the right of urban dwellers to build, decide and create the city. This provides fertile ground for climate justice narratives and transformative climate action to take root. More than half of the city’s GHG emissions come from the consumption of grid electricity and fuels in buildings, mostly natural gas. Multilevel and intersectoral articulation of public policies are key to advance the climate agenda at the city level, particularly in light of limited urban authority over the electricity sector. Sustainability transformations in Buenos Aires could also be enabled by strengthening the existing capacity development efforts of particular local actors to raise climate awareness; connecting and amplifying emerging community-led initiatives that showcase transformative climate action; and clarifying financial flows as a way to stimulate climate financing.
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Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health program for urban slum dwellers in India. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2001.1018.

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The Population Council's Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program and the Policy and Research Division are collaborating with CARE India to conduct an operations research study to examine the feasibility and impact of adding livelihood counseling and training, savings activities, and follow-up support to the ongoing reproductive health program for adolescents. The short-term objective is to foster the development of alternative socialization processes for adolescent girls that encourage positive sexual and reproductive health behaviors. As noted in this project update, the study will produce a replicable model for CARE India and other agencies to use in adding livelihood activities to adolescent reproductive health programs. The intervention, which includes vocational counseling, vocational training, follow-up support, and savings activities, has begun operations in five slum areas. Thus far the project has demonstrated that it is feasible to provide short-term, nonformal training in vocational skills to adolescent girls living in the slums of Allahabad, and that such training can be successfully integrated within CARE India’s ASRHA (Action for Slum Dwellers' Reproductive Health, Allahabad) project activities.
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Midline survey results: Integrating adolescent livelihood activities within a reproductive health program for urban slum dwellers in India. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2002.1008.

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The Population Council in collaboration with CARE India has been conducting an operations research (OR) study to investigate the impact of adding a livelihoods component to the Action for Slum Dwellers' Reproductive Health, Allahabad (ASRHA) Project in Uttar Pradesh run by CARE India. The ASRHA Project selected peer educators from the slums and trained them in providing reproductive health (RH) information, communication skills, and group formation techniques. After the peer educators completed training, they conducted group sessions about livelihoods and savings. RH sessions were held alongside vocational counseling sessions. Population Council staff provided vocational training courses, both in the slums where the girls reside and in the city of Allahabad. In addition to surveys conducted prior to and following the intervention, the study also includes a midline assessment that measures the experiences of girls six months after they completed the first round of vocational training courses, or one year after the baseline survey. The midline survey was conducted in the experimental slums only, and this project update presents its findings.
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