Journal articles: 'Slums and Squatter Settlements'

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Nugroho, Adityo Dwi. "Kajian pemanfaatan ruang kawasan pesisir studi kasus kawasan permukiman kumuh Kelurahan Padarni Kabupaten Manokwari." Cassowary 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 128–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/casssowary.cs.v2.i2.27.

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Manokwari is a coastal city and the capital city of the Province which is considered as very strategic and growing city, making Manokwari more attract for jobs seeker. Many low- income people who migrate to Manokwari make densely populated and slum squatter settlements inevitable. Padarni Coastal Area is one of the urban areas with very poor environmental conditions, Irregular, disaster-prone settlements as well as basic facilities and infrastructure have not been realized properly so that the community cannot move and live properly. The results of the study were 6 causes of slum conditions: Socio-cultural Characteristics, level of urbanization, limited land, accessibility, facilities and infrastructure, and weak of government policies. With the concept of waterfront development, settlement arrangement activities are directed at the utilization of local potential, phasing improvement in the quality of settlements and sustainable slums prevention.

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Compans, Rose. "A cidade contra a favela: a nova ameaça ambiental." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2007): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2007v9n1p83.

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Este artigo trata da apropriação do discurso da preservação ambiental para a retomada da discussão sobre remoções de favelas no Rio de Janeiro que haviam sido rechaçadas no processo de redemocratização do país. Depois da favela como foco de epidemias e antro de marginais, a mais nova representação social que vem sendo construída apresenta-a como fator de degradação ambiental. Auxiliada pelo saber técnico-científico que demonstra empiricamente os danos ao meio ambiente causados pelas ocupações irregulares, observa-se a constituição de um movimento conservador que busca pressionar os poderes públicos a reprimi-las, sobretudo nas áreas mais valorizadas da cidade. O presente trabalho se propõe a evidenciar a estratégia discursiva dos principais protagonistas deste movimento, a partir da análise de uma campanha promovida, no ano de 2005, por um importante jornal local, intitulada “Ilegal. E daí?”, e que teve como conseqüência uma ação movida pelo Ministério Público Estadual solicitando à Prefeitura a remoção de 13 áreas favelizadas.Palavras-chave: remoção de favela; ocupação irregular; degradação ambiental. Abstract: This article deals with the appropriation of the environmental preservation arguments in order to justify slums removal in Rio de Janeiro, proposal that was repelled during re-democratization process of country. After presenting slums as epidemical and marginal focuses, the new social representation is established to present it as a factor of environmental degradation. With the support of technical and scientific knowledge that shows empirically environmental damaging generated for squatter settlements, a conservative movement seeks to pressure government authorities, particularly in more valuable areas of the city. The text identifies the discursive strategy of the main protagonists through the analysis of a campaign diffused by an important local newspaper in 2005, which resulted on a judicial action to force Municipality to remove thirteen squatter settlements. Keywords: slums removal; squatter settlements; environmental degradation.

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Bernt, Matthias, Malte Daniljuk, and Andrej Holm. "Informelle Urbanisierung, Selbstorganisation und "Sozialismus des 21. Jahrhunderts"." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 37, no. 149 (December 1, 2007): 561–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v37i149.499.

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Although "informal urbanisation" is a main characteristic of many cities in the global south, and extensively discussed by a growing number of publications, many contribution fail to take it's political side into account. With this background the article discusses the changes in the relation between the state and the squatter-settlements in Caracas. Major attention is paid towards innovative instruments that have been introduced by the Bolivarian government to foster the development of a "participative and protagonist democracy" in the slums ofVenezueias capital.

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Ridlo, Mohammad Agung. "Permukiman Liar (Squatter Settlement) Di Jalur Kereta Api Kota Semarang." Jurnal Planologi 17, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jpsa.v17i2.12790.

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AbstraCtSquatter settlement is increasingly spreading in various urban corners of Indonesia, including in Semarang Metropolitan City. The reality of existing squatter settlements invaded vacant land, unpreserved and lacked (no) supervision from landowners, eventually forming slum enclaves, one of which was on the railway line in Semarang City. Railways should not be allowed to be used as residential areas. The squatter settlement is inhabited by people on low incomes (economically incapable). Research methods are conducted in a qualitative scriptive way, through empirical observation, interactively, with inductive methods. The approach of the room system is carried out to interpret circum citizen activity related to the request or zoning.Meanwhile, theoretical studies were conducted to help identify and analyze in this study. This research illustrates that squatter settlement occurs in addition to the retardation and poverty experienced by citizens, also due to the inability of the government and its apparatus in terms of supervision (Uncontrolled). Therefore, space arrangement is required (including planning, coaching, implementation, supervision and control).Keywords: squatter settlement, railway AbstrakSquatter settlement makin merebak di berbagai sudut perkotaan di Indonesia, termasuk di Kota Semarang Metropolitan. Realita yang ada squatter settlement merebak menginvasi lahan-lahan kosong, tidak terpelihara dan kurang (tidak ada) pengawasan dari pemilik lahan, akhirnya membentuk enclave-enclave kumuh, salah satunya di jalur kereta api di Kota Semarang. Jalur kereta api semestinya tidak diperkenankan untuk dijadikan sebagai kawasan permukiman. Squatter settlement tersebut dihuni oleh orang-orang yang berpenghasilan rendah (tidak mampu secara ekonomi). Metode Penelitian dilakukan secara diskriptif kualitatif, melalui observasi empirik, interaktif, dengan metoda induktif. Pendekatan sistem keruangan dilakukan untuk menginterpretasikan circum aktivitas warga kaitannya dengan permintakatan atau zoningnya. Sedangkan kajian teoritis dilakukan untuk membantu mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa squatter settlement terjadi selain masih adanya keterbelakangan dan kemiskinan yang dialami oleh warga, juga dikarenakan ketidakmampuan pemerintah dan aparatnya dalam dalam hal pengawasan (Uncontrolled). Karenanya, diperlukan adanya penataan ruang (meliputi perencanaan, pembinaan, pelaksanaan, pengawasan dan pengendalian).Kata Kunci: squatter settlement, jalur kereta api

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Halimah, Putri, and Alghifari Mahdi Igamo. "Analisis Penyediaan Rumah Sederhana dalam Dialektika Kapitalisme." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 17, no. 1 (July 12, 2019): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/jep.v17i1.8869.

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Home is a basic human need. In the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.1 of 2011 states that housing or access to housing is a right for every community whose existence is the responsibility of the government. The problem that has occurred to this day is that there are still many people living in urban areas who have to occupy illegal or slum settlements. This is due, among other things, to the influence of land and housing prices which increase each year due to high demand which is also caused by the increasing population and urbanization rate. However, in reality the capitalists who control the housing sector are only fixated on capital accumulation by building and marketing homes to middle and high income people. As a result, low-income communities are marginalized in the suburbs, and build non-conventional settlements, slums and squatter. This study with the literature study method aims to analyze how to provide a home for low-income people in the dialectic of capitalism, by making the MBR as an important actor in the construction and provision of housing

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Kahachi, Hussaen Ali Hasan, and Alison Brown. "Low-income housing provision: between governmental interventions and informal settlements." Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning 19, no. 2 (February 6, 2021): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36041/iqjap.v19i2.522.

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Low-cost housing, so-called affordable housing, is an important subject as it affects many aspects of people's well-being and city planning. The urban poor, who form a respectable percentage of cities' residents in many developing countries, are the most affected segment by the availability and affordability of housing. Governments often try their best to provide affordable housing through housing interventions and programs. However, many low-income people end up in informal settlements including slums and squatter settlements. This research analyzes state-led low-cost housing initiatives compared to informal affordable housing in developing countries. The importance of this research is mainly associated with understanding how governmental housing initiatives and laws affect the housing preferences of the urban poor. The research starts by providing a brief background about the subject and its importance from the literature. The research uses mixed methods approach and a case study of Greater Cairo Region following the massive migration during the period between the 1980s and the 2000s to provide an in-depth understanding of the situation. The research then analyzes/discusses some housing initiatives, and uses both quantitative/qualitative data in order to explain potential malpractice and issues. Finally, the research will highlight the key findings and provide some recommendations for change/improvement.

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Garg, Yogesh K. "Evaluating Sustainability of the Projects for Improvement of Slums and Squatter Settlements — An Administrative Need of the Day." Indian Journal of Public Administration 47, no. 4 (October 2001): 811–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120010414.

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Sandhu, R. S. "Housing poverty in urban India." Social Change 30, no. 1-2 (March 2000): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570003000208.

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In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the nature, extent and causes of housing poverty in India. Housing stock, new household formation, homelessness, type of structure, number of rooms and households, slums and squatter settlements, housing investment, housing affordability, ownership occupancy, water connection and toilets have been taken as indicators of housing poverty. The paper is based on secondary sources. It concludes that mainly critically poor, low income groups and low middle income groups are suffering from housing poverty. The main causes of housing poverty is existing socio-economic and political systems and unrealistic and insensitive attitude of ruling elite towards the growing needs of poor in growing cities. There is lack of political will rather than the resources. The need of hour is strong political will for comprehensive understanding of phenomenon and enhancement of human capabilities with public action and democratic government support.

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الذبحاني, بلال ردمان علي, and محمد أحمد سلام المذحجي. "Urbanization and Its Impact on Urban Poor Housing Policies Based on Some Experiences of Third World Countries." Journal of Science and Technology 23, no. 2 (December 24, 2018): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/jst.23.2.4.

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Many third world countries have experienced a process of rapid urbanization. The rapid rural–urban migration and the lack of proactive planning have resulted in the expansion of slums and squatter settlements inhabited by low-income and the poor, excessive house rents and poor or total absence of infrastructural facilities. The problem more recently exacerbated in most cities of the third world as a result of the failure of governments to respond adequately to the urban development challenges by adopting adequate housing policies to the urban poor. This paper focuses on the study of urbanization and the impact of poverty and deprived urban living conditions on urban areas. It aims to find out the correlation between the poor urban areas and the housing policies, pinpoints the most successful housing policies to be taken to provide an adequate environment, and proposes basic guidelines for housing policies of the poor in the countries of the third world. Keywords: Urban poor, Urbanization, Housing policies, Third world countries.

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Gutkind, Peter C. W., R. A. Obudho, and Constance C. Mblanga. "Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Planning Strategy." International Journal of African Historical Studies 22, no. 2 (1989): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220085.

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Packard, Randall M., R. A. Obudho, and Constance C. Mhlanga. "Slum and Squatter Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa, toward a Planning Strategy." African Economic History, no. 19 (1990): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3601898.

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Mamdani, Kaneez Fatima. "An Evaluation Of Indicators Of Socio-Economic Deprivation: A Case Study Of The Slums Of Karachi, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (September 8, 2016): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v4i1.295.

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In Pakistan more than one third of its population continues to live below the poverty line (Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2013). Recent research has shown that poverty is wide spread in both urban and rural areas and it is not only rural phenomenon. Since the past few decades, Karachi has experienced an inflow of migrants from all parts of Pakistan in search of better opportunities. Karachi has about 650 katchi abadis (squatter settlements) which are home to 50% of city’s population (Sindh Katchi Abadis Authority 2006). The objective of this study is to measure and analyse the nature and level of socio-economic deprivation as well as to find out the different forms of socio-economic deprivation. It is an exploratory cross-sectional study. Primary data is collected from 497 households of seven katchi abadis of Karachi to study the problem. Statistical tools of analysis i.e. coefficients of variance are used to analyse the relationship between two variables and indices of multiple deprivation are constructed to compute the different domains and levels of deprivation. It is evident from the outcomes of the findings of domains of deprivation that the significant proportion of population of Katchi Abadis i.e. approximately 50% of the households suffers from multiple deprivation. The findings emphasize that all settlements have deprivation in all domains (education, economic, housing quality and housing services deprivation, health deprivation); however each settlement has different issues and concerns priority wise. Index of multiple deprivation show 49% of households living below poverty line (US$ 1.25) experience multiple deprivation. The findings also reveal that 60% of households highly to moderately deprived as regards to levels of deprivation while 40% has low deprivation level. In order to increase the standard of living on the grass-root level, “Living Wages” should be used as the standard to measure people’s socio-economic wellbeing instead “Poverty” to maintain a decent standard of living for families of different sizes. Policies should be designed to decrease the level of unemployment on a scale needed for long term poverty alleviation, by creating environment that is conducive to private economic activity at the grass root level.

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Lawal, Mohammed Olaitan. "New Cities In Urban And Regional Development Planning Oyesiku K; Lagos, Nigeria. Longman (2010) Pp 353. Isbn 978 978 026 3577 (Paper Back) Includes Index, Photos, Notes, Tables And Figures, Appendix And References. Price N1,500.00. Approx. $10.00." Indonesian Journal of Geography 46, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.5005.

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For a long time, cities have been regarded as the main source of economic growth and development. However, increased size and density of cities have generated high land costs, rent and transport cost, congestion and pollution, and increased social disorganization. The condition is even worse in developing countries – urban migration, over-utilization of housing and infrastructure, persistent slums, and squatter settlements. This books represents a comparative study between the USA and Nigeria related to characteristics of the cities in both countries. This book tries to address the question “How has the United States of America and Nigeria have been able to address the problems of ‘swollen’ cities and metropolitan growth?”. Outcome of several planned new communities and cities in both countries is of paramount importance to the contribution of knowledge on physical planning approaches globally. The most significant discussion are shown in the final chapter, by giving examples of policy implications and comments on new cities in national and regional development as well as urban and regional development and planning strategy in the global context.

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Obudho, R. A., and G. O. Aduwo. "Slum and squatter settlements in urban centres of Kenya: Towards a planning strategy." Netherlands Journal of Housing and Environmental Research 4, no. 1 (March 1989): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02498028.

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Okpala, D. C. I. "Upgrading slum and squatter settlements in developing countries: is there a cost-effective alternative?" Third World Planning Review 21, no. 1 (February 1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/twpr.21.1.gh132n685012l14w.

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Anierobi, Christopher, and Cletus O. Obasi. "Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration: Toward Involving the Church in Addressing Pro-Poor Urban Housing Challenges in Enugu, Nigeria." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040123.

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Policy measures of governments toward addressing urban housing provisions seem to neglect the urban poor, especially in Nigeria. Presently, the world population estimated at 50% urban is aggravated by rural-urban migration. This is true of Enugu city in Nigeria, where urban housing challenges affect the poor residents. Enugu is one of the major Christian populaces in Nigeria where the Catholic Church is conspicuously a fulcrum for socioeconomic attractions. This makes it imperative for the Catholic Church to be involved in addressing pro-poor housing challenges. This study therefore examined urban public housing provision in Enugu metropolis with a view to determine pro-poor housing policy delivery involving the Catholic Church. Mixed research method was adopted. Interviews and observations were conducted randomly within the identified 23 informal/slum or squatter settlements adjourning the 18 formal neighborhoods of Enugu metropolis while the social inclusion theory formed the basis of the study. Findings showed that the identified 118 Catholic parishes also canonically engage in socioeconomic development of the neighborhoods as the available public housing provisions in Enugu were skewed away from the urban majority who are low-income earners. This indicates poor government attention to the housing needs of low-income households who resort to informal/squatter settlements. This article therefore recommends Catholic Church-Government collaboration toward inclusive, holistic, and proactive pro-poor housing delivery in Enugu. Effective utilization of housing cooperative societies, as well as a single-digit interest loan package for housing finance, was also recommended for the Government-Church collaboration to achieve inclusive social housing delivery in the city.

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Abdul Mohit, Mohammad. "Adopted to Deal with Bastee Settlements of Dhaka City in Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 6 (January 1, 2018): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i6.231.

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Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh and it has a population of 12 million. During the last three decades, while the city population grew over 7%, bastee (slum and squatter) population of the city grew from 1.0 million in 1990 to 3.4 million in 2005. Several policy approaches were adopted to deal with bastee settlements of Dhaka since 1975. These policies approaches were not very effective, because the scale of the problem is very large, which provides future challenges to deal with the bastee situation. Keywords: Bastee, City Population, Dhaka, Migration, Policy Approaches. eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

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D'SOUZA, RENNIE M. "HOUSING AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE HEALTH OF CHILDREN IN THE SLUMS OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN." Journal of Biosocial Science 29, no. 3 (July 1997): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193209700271x.

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To examine the association of environmental factors (including housing) with respiratory infections and diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age, a cross-sectional study of 403 families was conducted in a squatter settlement of Karachi. In the 2-week period before the survey prevalence of diarrhoea and respiratory infections was 14·4% and 15·0% respectively. The factors significantly associated (p>0·05) with diarrhoea in households in the multivariate analysis were: number of children under 5, regular cleaning of sewers, storage of water in small utensils and cooking inside a one room house. Five households risk factors were identified for respiratory infections: the number of children under 5, poor housing structure, increased household density, humidity inside the house less than the humidity outside house, and frequent cooking inside the house. These results suggest that children under 5 years of age in lower income areas are at additional risk to health because of poor environmental conditions.

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Gür, Elmira Ayşe, and Yurdanur Dülgeroğlu Yüksel. "Analytical investigation of urban housing typologies in twentieth century Istanbul." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 13, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-12-2018-0047.

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PurposeTurkey has been rapidly urbanizing since the 1950s. In quantitative and qualitative meanings, the problem of housing is one of the most important subjects on Turkey’s agenda. Increasing population, rapid cultural and economic transition and the dynamics of in-migration, changes in social life, consumption patterns and value systems have made a significant impact on housing demand and supply. If we try to realize a general analytical outlook to define the basic formal and informal categories that reflect specific values pertaining to housing typology of the twentieth century, it would be possible to make a classification under the following sub-titles: formal housing-row houses, separate houses, apartment blocks, social housing, mass-housing, luxury housing including gated communities; informal housing – squatter settlements/gecekondus, slums; inbetween –apartkondus, unpermitted constructions/building extensions. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachIstanbul has been experiencing these various dynamics of planned and unplanned housing settlements in a very radical way, since the 1950s. Changing typology is examined systematically under certain periods up to now. In confronting housing needs under rapid urbanization, “types of housing supply channels” appeared and as a result, urban texture has been changing by periods. In this paper, in order to understand each of these categories and the conditions under which they have been generated, an analysis will be realized to understand the urban housing concept of Istanbul within the twentieth century urban environment.FindingsThe factors playing a role in the evolution of twentieth century dwelling forms on Istanbul will be defined, and the physical/architectural, locational, neighborhood characteristics, as well as their user profile will be examined.Originality/valueThis study is expected to contribute to the further understanding of the urban housing stock and the future trends in housing typology.

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Tahsina Taher, Mania, and Arefeen Ibrahim. "Transformation of Slum and Squatter Settlements: A Way of Sustainable Living in Context of 21^st Century Cities." American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2, no. 2 (April 10, 2014): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajcea-2-2-3.

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Borsuk, Imren, and Ensari Eroglu. "Displacement and asset transformation from inner-city squatter settlement into peripheral mass housing." European Urban and Regional Studies 27, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776419828794.

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While slum clearance projects in the Global South have displaced a large number of urban poor from the inner city to peripheral areas, peripheral mass housing estates have been developed as a spatial fix to improve the livelihood of the urban poor through slum development projects. Shifting the focus of displacement and poverty studies on changing assets and social experiences of displacement, this study makes an empirical contribution to the literature with a case study from Turkey. It demonstrates that mass housing projects that increase the importance of market-based processes and financial assets at the expense of intangible assets (household relations and social capital) make the urban poor more vulnerable to displacement pressure and external shocks. Using the example of a mass housing project in Turkey designed for the relocation of a highly concentrated Kurdish migrant squatter settlement, this research demonstrates that slum development projects can cause different types of displacement, divesting residents of opportunities to accumulate assets and reconstruct a sense of place. The research demonstrates that the dissolution of intangible assets and the exclusion of social spaces that are important to relocated residents in the mass housing estate bring about community displacement in the case of Kurdish residents. Also, relocated squatters feel pressured by the ongoing and daily experiences of displacement—notably everyday, symbolic and temporal displacement—as the spatial design of the mass housing unfamiliar with the livelihood of squatter dwellers constrains their opportunities to appropriate neighbourhood space in everyday life and enact a sense of place.

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Albertus and Mira Sophia Lubis. "RURAL AND URBAN LIFE FOR SARAWAK DAYAKS." JURNAL BORNEO AKCAYA 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51266/borneoakcaya.v3i1.49.

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The paper envisages rural and urban life of Sarawak Dayak by describing the ways in which the living spaces, job specialization and social interaction shaped them. The urban life promised attraction of good amenities such as university, economic development, transportation networking, health service, prosperity and livelihood improvement. Those trigger the flows of people and goods. Then, city faced serious problems such as traffic congestion, garbage, jobless, slum dwellers, squatter settlements, and social tension. To minimize the city’s problems, it must be seen as organic order, when the correlative and expressive faculties are potent enough to maintain organic order, the problems can be handled. In this binary, a rural life is portrayed as mountainous area in which the villagers live in the longhouse and practice customary law. In this situation, the mechanism of life will be able to run independently because the village life is like mechanic which can be separated each other. The study refers to the description living spaces named rural and urban spaces, in which these two living spaces need one another. Longhouse and village became city for the inhabitants in the past, and nowadays, modern city become a place for livelihood to replace farming ground. Furthermore, the description of living spaces and the peoples, the factors which have the contribution to fade rural and urban distinction identified.

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Pugh, Cedric. "Squatter settlements." Cities 17, no. 5 (October 2000): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-2751(00)00029-9.

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Potts, Deborah. "R. A. Obuhdo and C. C. Mhlanga (eds.), Slum and Squatter Settlements in sub-Saharan Africa: toward a planning strategy. New York: Praeger, 1988, xv + 424 pp., £45.95, ISBN 0 275 92309 6." Africa 59, no. 3 (July 1989): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160239.

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Pamungkas, Hariyo, and Yayi Arsandrie. "Behavioral Mapping Dan Adaptasi Terhadap Lingkungan Pada Squatter Settlement." NALARs 19, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/nalars.19.2.115-130.

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ABSTRAK. Hunian, seringkali mengambil peran krusial sebagai wadah kehidupan manusia, esensi serta eksistensinya seolah hampir tidak pernah luput dan menjadi standar pencapaian sebagai dasar kebutuhan hidup. Keterbatasan lahan serta tidak terjangkaunya biaya membuat sebagian lapisan masyarakat berimprovisasi untuk mendapatkannya. Malfungsi terhadap tata ruang serta lahan pun terjadi sehingga terbentuklah squatter settlements, salah satunya di Semanggi, Surakarta. Merespon hal ini, tindakan penataan kawasan tanpa pemindahan dilakukan oleh pihak berwenang sebagai titik temu demi kebaikan bersama. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menggali sejauh mana komunikasi yang telah terbentuk antara warga squatter settlements dengan pihak berwenang yang berkaitan dengan penataan kawasan, bagaimana perilaku yang terbentuk di squatter settlements melalui behavioral mapping, serta adaptasi yang terjadi di squatter settlements. Penelitian ini berbasis rasionalistik, kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan observasi, serta wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa eksistensi dari ruang publik sangatlah penting, Warga memanfaatkan jalan, tanggul, puing-puing sebagai wadah interaksi sosial dan bertetangga. Hasil lain menunjukan adanya adaptasi yang dilakukan oleh warga pada area squatter settlements yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Perlunya penggalian lebih dalam terhadap kebutuhan ruang baik itu ruang didalam hunian, maupun ruang publik diperlukan untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya perilaku serta adaptasi yang mengarah pada hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan yang disebabkan oleh kurang terwadahinya aktivitas setelah selesainya penataan kawasan. Kata Kunci: Adaptasi Lingkungan, Behavioral Mapping, Squatter Settlements ABSTRACT. Residential often takes a crucial role as a container of human life; its essence and existence rarely escape and become a standard of achievement as the basis for life's needs. Limited land and unreachable costs make some layers of society improvise to get it. Malfunctions in spatial planning and property ensued so that squatter settlements were formed, one of which was in Semanggi, Surakarta. Responding to this, the act of structuring the area without relocation was carried out by the authorities as a meeting point for the common good. This research was conducted to explore the extent of communication that has been formed between squatter settlements and authorities relating to the arrangement of the area, how the behaviour formed in squatter settlements through behavioural mapping and adaptations that occur in squatter settlements. This research is based on rationalistic, qualitative by using observation and interviews. The results showed that the existence of public space is essential. Residents use roads, riverbanks, debris as a place for social interaction and neighbours. Other findings show that there are adaptations made by residents in the squatter settlements that are influenced by several factors. The need for deeper excavation of space needs both in a residential area, and public space is required in order to anticipate the occurrence of behaviour and adaptation that leads to things that are not desirable due to the lack of activities in the area after the completion of the area.Keywords: Environmental Adaptation, Behavioral Mapping, Squatter Settlements

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Fadare, 'Wale, and Ralph Mills-Tettey. "Squatter Settlements in Port Harcourt." Habitat International 16, no. 1 (January 1992): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(92)90009-n.

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Gökmen, Gülçin Pulat, Yurdanur Dülgeroglu Yüksel, Fatma Erkök, Yasemin Alkiser, and Berna Keskin. "Evaluating and Reducing Earthquake Risks of Squatter Settlements in Istanbul." Open House International 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2006-b0014.

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In Turkey, the process of squatterisation can best be traced to the increase in its urban population from 24 percent in 1950 to 59 percent in 2000. In the periods up to the present, the prevention, improvement and renewal of squatter settlements were not achieved within the existing legal framework and planning structure; and their urban quality has been degraded. The aim of this article is to discuss the upgrading of squatter settlements through a mitigation process considering the possibility of an earthquake in Istanbul. The target groups of this upgrading study are the squatter dwellers and their settlements. In getting prepared for the predicted big Istanbul earthquake, the improvement of squatter housing is extremely important for the existing urban housing stock. With this aim, the undesirable consequences of a possible natural disaster in various squatter settlements in Istanbul were scrutinised. Also, earthquake-forecasting reports were analysed in conjunction with squatter maps to extract data for the purpose of upgrading squatter settlements through rehabilitation, reconstruction and reinforcement at the urban and architectural levels with amelioration of damage after an earthquake. In the article, a model is proposed which includes measures to transform squatter zones into healthy areas by means of simple reinforcement and contemporary solutions. This article is based on a research project requested and sponsored by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality during 2003-2004.

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Mariya, Sri, Rery Novio, and Ahyuni Ahyuni. "PEMETAAN KAWASAN KUMUH DAN SQUATTER AREA DI KOTA PADANG." JURNAL GEOGRAFI 8, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/geografi/vol8-iss1/322.

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The increasing rate of population growth in urban areas has an impact on environmental imbalances, especially related to the expansion of residential areas. The purpose of this study was to identify slum areas and illegal / wild areas (squatter areas) based on indicators and parameters for each region. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research with population is all sub-districts in Padang City with total sampling. Slum area and squat mapping results in Padang city area are scattered in 7 villages in 5 sub-districts. Dadok Tunggul Hitam Koto Tangah Subdistrict Typology of slum areas Urban slums, Purus Padang Barat sub-district typology of downtown slums, Alai Parak Kopi District of North Padang typology of slums off the railroad tracks, Opposite of Palinggam typology of slums of Suburbs, Batang Arau slums typology River Suburb, Pasa Gadang Subdistrict of Padang Selatan typology of slum area of the Suburb, Sawahan Timur Padang Timur Subdistrict typology of slum area Railroad.

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Gökgür, Pelin. "The process of transformation in the squatting fact: Examples of Sanayi and Yesilce quarters in Istanbul." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 2, no. 2 (2010): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1002115g.

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The aim of this study is to present the process by means of which squatter settlements emerged parallel to the process of industrialization, analyze the way the squatter settlements were gradually transformed pursuant to the laws, and to discuss squatter settlements that became as areas that have recently been included in the agenda of "urban transformation projects" of the recent Istanbul's Strategic Plan. The squatter settlement selected for discussion in this study was the one that originally developed around an industrial area and later changed considerably as a result of "Urban Improvement Plans". Today, the same area has become one of the most important Central Business Areas of Istanbul, thus occupying high-priced real estate.

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Eckstein, Susan. "Urbanization revisited: Inner-city slum of hope and squatter settlement of despair." World Development 18, no. 2 (February 1990): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90046-z.

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Porio, Emma. "Vulnerability, Adaptation, and Resilience to Floods and Climate Change-Related Risks among Marginal, Riverine Communities in Metro Manila." Asian Journal of Social Science 39, no. 4 (2011): 425–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853111x597260.

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Abstract This study examines the vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience of urban poor households living in the riverine communities of the three flood prone areas in Metro Manila, namely, (1) Pasig-Marikina River basin, (2) West Mangahan, and (3) the KAMANAVA area (Kalookan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela). Based on a survey of 300 urban poor households in 14 communities located in these flood basins, the study found that the environmental-ecological vulnerability of the low-lying flood prone areas interacts strongly with the social vulnerability of urban poor households, highlighting the effects of climate related changes (sea level rise, increased typhoons, intensity of monsoon rains, floods and tidal/storm surges) on this vulnerable population. Most of the households have low-incomes, live in slum/squatter settlements and do not have adequate access to potable water, electricity, health, sewage and sanitation facilities. About two-thirds of them suffered losses (e.g., income, work, health/sickness, household appliances/things, housing damage) from typhoons, floods, and tidal/storm surges but only a small portion of them obtained help from formal institutions (e.g., local government units or LGUs, charitable agencies) and informal support networks (relatives/neighbors/friends). Of these, a third of these households appeared more vulnerable and consistently incurred higher losses (e.g., income and workdays) and intense inconveniences (e.g., water source buried by floods, toilets blocked and overflowed with wastes/large worms to their floors) compared to their neighbors. Both urban poor households and their local governments have formulated adaptation strategies in response to the increasing effects of climate change. Few of the local governments built river barriers, improved their drainage systems, installed water diversion techniques (e.g., “bombastic”) and disaster warning systems and increased the capacity of their officials to assist during evacuations. Meanwhile, some urban poor households have adapted to a “water-based lifestyle” (e.g., raising the floors/increasing the number of floors of their homes, building makeshift bridges among households in swampy areas, building Styrofoam boats for transport, etc.). But on the whole, both the urban poor residents and the formal institutions (LGUs, national agencies) need resources and capability building to increase their capacity to adapt to the effects of climate change.

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Ogas-Mendez, A. Federico, and Yuzuru Isoda. "Examining the Effect of Squatter Settlements in the Evolution of Spatial Fragmentation in the Housing Market of the City of Buenos Aires by Using Geographical Weighted Regression." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 6 (May 23, 2021): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060359.

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The spatial fragmentation in the housing market and the growth of squatter settlements are characteristic for the metropolitan areas in developing countries. Over the years, in large cities, these phenomena have been promoting an increase in the spatial concentration of poverty. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between the squatter settlement growth and spatial fragmentation in the housing market of Buenos Aires. By performing a spatiotemporal analysis using geographically weighted regression in the house prices for the years 2001, 2010, and 2018, the results showed that while squatter settlements had a strong negative effect on house prices, the affected areas shifted over time. Our findings indicate that it is not the growth of the squatter settlement that causes spatial fragmentation, but rather the widening income disparities and further segregation of low-income households. However, squatter settlements determined the spatial demarcation of fragmented housing market by attracting low-income households to surrounding low house price areas.

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Aksoylu, Yurdanur. "Voluntary associations in Urban squatter settlements." Habitat International 9, no. 3-4 (January 1985): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(85)90060-8.

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Sari, Nurhaslita. "Pendampingan Penyusunan Rancangan Peraturan Daerah tentang Pencegahan dan Peningkatan Kualitas Perumahan Kumuh dan Permukiman Kumuh Kota Lhokseumawe." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Darma Bakti Teuku Umar 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/baktiku.v1i1.1406.

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Regional Regulation (Perda) concerning Prevention and Improvement of Quality of Slums and Slums is an instrument to prevent the growth and development of slums in livable housing and settlements and to improve the quality of housing and settlements that are indicated as slums to become livable. Regional regulations on the Prevention and Improvement of Quality of Slum Housing and Slum Settlements are expected to contain regulations as regulated in national legislation and are equipped with specific local content for each region and to assist the Regional Government in the drafting process of the Regulation on Prevention and Quality Improvement of Slums and Slum Settlements, the Government (in this case the Directorate of Settlement Development, Directorate General of Human Settlements, Ministry of Public Works) has prepared a Regional Regulation Model on the Prevention and Quality Improvement of Slums and Slums. The purpose of the drafting of this Perda Model is to provide references and examples of regulations on prevention and improvement of the quality of slums and slums that have accommodated various provisions in national legislation.

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Sunarhadi, M. Amin, D. Dahroni, and P. Priyono. "Identification of Settlements Quality in Pekanbaru Slums." Forum Geografi 19, no. 1 (July 20, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v19i1.4570.

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One of human basic needs is housing with high competitive situation caused increasing need of housing, spatial restriction, and economics factors. These influence to decreasing of housing quality then consequence to slums settlement. Undistributed population at Pekanbaru shown at Tangkerang Utara, Teluk Leok, and Meranti Pendak where slums are growing up. The aim of this stucdy is identifying slums area in Tangkerang Utara, Teluk Leok, and Meranti Pandak with spatial, complexity, and environmental approach. Data collected as primary and secondary data. Then are 28 indicators to identified slums area and classified quality of settlements. Results of this study shown that Tangkerang Utara have Medium Quality with typology as slums at center city, Teluk Leok have Low Quality with typology as slums at river side, and Meranti Pandak have Medium Quality with slums at urban fringe. This study also found that slums in Pekanbaru have spatial associated with low housing quality, community with low economic capacity, high density of population and building, bad sanitation, susceptible of fire and natural hazard, weakness of spatial planning implementation, and insufficient ratio of environmental settlement infrastructure. In pekanbaru, slums growth as continuous process.

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Puteri, R. D. A., R. S. Pulungan, H. D. Tambunan, H. M. Rahmi, R. Amalia, A. R. Davinaldo, M. W. Hidayat, et al. "Perancangan dan Penataan Kawasan di Sepanjang Sungai Banjir Kanal Timur Kelurahan Bugangan dan Kelurahan Rejosari dengan Konsep Livable Riverfront Settlement Kecamatan Semarang TImur, Kota Semarang." Ruang 5, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ruang.5.2.120-129.

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Livable Riverfront Settlement is a concept design that is mindful of environmental livability housing which is in the nearby river. The concept of Liveable Riverfront Settlement is a derivative of the concept of macro-regions planning Sustainable Riverfront Settlement and the concept of the planning area of meso Ecological Riverfront Settlement. The purpose of this writing is focused on the design of landing neighborhood along the Eastern Canal flood in Bugangan and Rejosari village who have a problem like slums and squatters settlement, the occurrence of floods, the lack of open space, the low quality of the environment and housing backlog.In this article using quantitative methods with descriptive analysis techniques, and the qualitative method with interviews and observations of the field. The results of the identification and analysis of the design of landing (UDGL) settlement along the Eastern Canal flood in Bugangan and Rejosari village based on 3 indicators, the improvement of the economy through the provision of employment (job creation), the management of flood risks through the improvement of environmental quality (disaster risk management), as well as the provision of housing that is affordable and livable (livable housing provision).

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WAKITA, Yoshihisa, and Kenichi YAO. "SPATIAL FORMATION OF RESIDENTIAL SETTLEMENTS ON SQUATTER AREA." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 76, no. 659 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.76.1.

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Ghosh, Arun Kumar. "Changing livelihood pattern of slum dwellers in Delhi: From a squatter settlement to a resettlement colony." Social Change 38, no. 3 (September 2008): 434–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570803800303.

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Maleki, Dr Saeed. "The Evaluation of Environmental Hazards of Urban Squatter Settlements Based on Gis, The Case Study: North Squatter Settlements of Tabriz City, Iran." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 12 (December 20, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2012/v5i12.18.

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Núñez Collado, Jose Rafael, Han-Hsiang Wang, and Tsung-Yi Tsai. "Urban Informality in the Paris Climate Agreement: Content Analysis of the Nationally Determined Contributions of Highly Urbanized Developing Countries." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 24, 2019): 5228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195228.

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Climate change related events affect informal settlements, or slums, disproportionally more than other areas in a city or country. This article investigates the role of slums in the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) for the Paris Agreement of a selected group of 28 highly urbanized developing countries. Content analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze first the general content in these NDCs and second the proposed role, or lack thereof, of slums in these documents. The results show that for most of the analyzed countries, context-based climate policies for slums are not part of the strategies presented in the NDCs. We argue that a lack of policies involving informal settlements might limit the capacity of developing countries to contribute to the main goals of the Paris Agreement, as these settlements are significant portions of their urban populations. One of the hopeful prospects of the NDCs is that they will be reviewed in 2020 for the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26). With this paper, we aim to stimulate discussions about the crucial role that informal settlements should play in the NDCs of developing countries in the background of the synergies required between climate change actions and sustainable development.

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Khawaja, Aamir Waheed, and Nasreen Aslam Shah. "An Analytical Study On Socio-Economic Conditions Of Squatter Settlements In Karachi." Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (September 8, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v8i1.319.

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This research study was conducted on socio-economic conditions of families living in squatter’s settlement of Karachi. The urban population is booming with unprecedented growth due to heavy influx or migration of rural population to the cities especially in Karachi. The rural families are migrating to the city in a way to have better employment; improved lifestyles in urban societies. Migrators usually accommodated in squatters’ settlements of Karachi because of high residing cost in urban areas. The squatters’ settlements are located at outskirt of the city on government owned lands. However the provincial government has set up Sindh Katchi Abadi Authority (SKAA) department for upgrading or regularizing Katchi Abadis which are working under specific rules and regulations. In this study the role of SKAA also highlighted to analyze the working preferences of organization for the rehabilitation or betterment of squatter settlements. The research topic is chosen in order to investigate about the socio-economic issues of families living in squatters settlements. The data is collected from 200 respondents of squatters from squatters’ settlements which are situated in six different districts of Karachi. Data is collected by the self-prepared questionnaire which was prepared in a way to investigate socio-economic issues and problems of squatters’ families living in the settlements. This research found that whole sample of squatters is of migrators. These settlements are considered illegal and have no provision of basic necessities including drinking safe water; inadequate sanitation system; and low standard of housings.

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Rikko, Laraba S., John Y. Dung-Gwom, and Sunday K. Habila. "Assessment of Informal Settlements Growth in Greater Karu Urban Area (GKUA) Nasarawa State, Nigeria." Urban Studies and Public Administration 2, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v2n2p61.

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<p><em>The proliferation of informal settlements in developing countries have become a major concern to governments and professionals in the built environment in recent years. This paper assessed informal human settlements in a rapidly urbanizing and growing urban area; the Greater Karu Urban Area (GKUA) in Nasarawa State of Nigeria. Information for the paper were obtained through the administration of a questionnaire on the residents and from published and official records. Data was collected from 4 out a 17 identified informal settlements; Mararaba, Masaka, New Nyanya and Kuchikau in GKUA. Questionnaires were administered to 10% (253) households’ randomly selected based on their availability and willingness to participate in the study. From 241 (95.4%) questionnaires that were returned, two types of informal settlements were identified: inner core (traditional slums) and the peri-urban informal/unplanned settlements/slums. The inner core slums showed very severe challenges pertaining to minimal and inadequate social amenities and infrastructure, poor sanitation, narrow winding road networks while the absence of social services and infrastructure, unplanned and uncontrolled development, and substandard housing of mixed quality characterised peri-urban slums. Residents perceived that internal and external drivers contributed to the rapid growth of informal settlements in GKUA. A Comprehensive and holistic spatial vision of the area that could promote and sustain physical, social, economic and environmental planning policies in a coordinated manner is urgently needed. </em></p>

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Malik, Sana, Ruhizal Roosli, Fariha Tariq, and Muhammad Salman. "Land Tenure Security and Resident’s Stability in Squatter Settlements of Lahore." Academic Research Community publication 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v3i2.508.

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Squatters have now become integral part of urban centers in most developing countries like Pakistan, with Lahore experiencing growth of such informal settlements at its peak. A myriad of issues and challenges associated with economic, social, spatial, environmental and political contexts within squatters has become a great hindrance towards home improvement and better life style. Tenure security brings a sense of homeownership to socioeconomically disadvantaged households. Recently, promotion of increased security of tenure of all whether living in formal or informal settlements has been affirmed by New Urban Agenda of Habitat III. Therefore, it is need of the time to look into present tenure types of squatters being offered by the city to solve problem of housing backlog and to provide promote inclusivity ensuring healthy, affordable and sustainable environment for all inhabitants.Proposed argument has got stronger foundation due to comparative analysis of squatter having secured land tenure with squatter of unsecure tenure. In this paper we explore that tenure security is one of the key factors which leads to resident’s stability, through case study approach by investigating two squatters based on their tenure types. The data collected through questionnaire will help us to identify other key factors associated with resident stability in squatters. Study reveals that limited secured tenure options and poor governance in present urban scenario projects as major obstacles in coping with urban sprawl and squatter settlements. Findings help us to understand the phenomena of inter-connection of land tenure security and residential stability of squatters in Lahore, suffering from housing shortage and informal settlements.

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Repeva, Anastasia. "Informal settlements in Baghdad city." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126305001.

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The research deals with the issue of slums, urban sprawl on agriculture land and its impact on the city of Baghdad. This topic needs close attention because it has become a problem facing the city of Baghdad through recruiting agricultural lands and converting them to residential homes in addition to the transgression on the state lands and building abuses. This research deals with the causes of slums, irregular urban sprawl and risks of excesses on land uses of land in Baghdad. In this research, we try to know the extent to which these problems have affected the city of Baghdad. The research methodology based on the descriptive methodology to clarify the factors affecting urban sprawl at the expense of agricultural land, using studies in government and service institutions and images from satellites to clarify the size of urban sprawl over periods after the 2003 war. Finally, a conclusion and future solutions were set to solve these problems.

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Vuksanović-Macura, Zlata, and Vladimir Macura. "The Right to Housing: Squatter Settlements in Interwar Belgrade—The Defense and Demolition of Jatagan-mala." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 4 (February 24, 2016): 755–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144216632747.

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This article describes a squatter settlement that arose in Belgrade between the two world wars and the communities that lived in it and fought for their right to housing. At the end of the war in 1918, a completely new phenomenon appeared in Belgrade—the squatter settlement. Jatagan-mala was the largest and best known among them. It is used as a case in point to analyze the municipal authorities’ attitude toward squatter settlements and their residents. It is shown how Belgrade Municipality threatened to demolish Jatagan-mala and then partially tore it down, and how it dealt with those who, as a result, were left without a roof over their head. The article also describes the residents’ battle not to lose their homes. Organized and strong in the beginning, over time, their efforts flagged, and in the end, they haggled over monetary compensation for their demolished homes.

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Rahman, Syaiful, Ira Mentayani, Rusmilyansari Rusmilyasari, and Emmy Sri Mahreda. "KONSEP PENATAAN PERMUKIMAN KUMUH TEPIAN SUNGAI DI KELURAHAN SUNGAI BILU KOTA BANJARMASIN." EnviroScienteae 15, no. 3 (December 3, 2019): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v15i3.7434.

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The uncontrolled condition of settlements on the banks of the river city of Banjarmasin has made the settlements of the river banks as slums. Almost all river banks in each kelurahan are categorized as slums so that the actual river banks can be assets of the city of Banjarmasin, on the contrary, it is a bad face for the city. The program and arranging of structural slums in the river bank settlements in Kelurahan Sungai Bilu have indeed been carried out, but basically, they have not been successfully managed completely. Identification of the characteristics of riverbank slum settlements needs to be done to find out the aspects and variables that affect the slum of riverbank settlements to then formulate an appropriate arranging concept and can be implemented in riverbank slum settlements in the study location. Data analysis in identifying the characteristics of riverbank slum settlements is by presenting tabulated data on the results of a statistical questionnaire completed with mapping and field documentation and through narrative exposure. The theory triangulation analysis is used to formulate the concept of arranging suitable riverbank slum settlements and can be carried out at the research location. The results were obtained for the characteristics of slum settlements and the concept of arranging slum areas in the river banks in Kelurahan Sungai Bilu are arranging in aspects of the function and form of residential building mass, arranging environmental infrastructure, arranging environmental utility systems, arranging public and social facilities, and arranging on non-physical aspects.

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Zafar, Zafar Iqbal, Abdul Waheed, and Beenish Javaid. "Addressing the Affordable Housing Challenges for Urban Poor in Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. IV (December 30, 2019): 416–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-iv).53.

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The rapid growth of urbanization has resulted in tremendous pressure on housing in urban areas, particularly for middle- and lower-income groups. The formal sector has been unable to cater to the affordable housing demand, particularly for urban poor. Islamabad is the planned city and capital of Pakistan; its development started in 1960. A number of squatter settlements have emerged in this planned city which are increasing with the passage of time. The government of Pakistan, realizing the gravity of the problem, started various programs and approached at different times to address this issue. This paper discusses various international and national approaches in this context. Squatter settlements in Islamabad have been visited, and field data were collected through a survey from France Colony Sector F-7/4, Islamabad and recommendations have been suggested in the light of international practices.

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Shrestha, Gauri Shankar, Sarita Manandhar, Niraj Dev Joshi, and Jeevan Kumar Shrestha. "Ocular Morbidity among the Children of Squatter Settlements in Kathmandu." Optometry and Vision Science 90, no. 9 (September 2013): 1012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e31829d8e51.

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Thaver, I. H., G. J. Ebrahim, and R. Richardson. "Infant Mortality and Undernutrition in the Squatter Settlements of Karachi." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 36, no. 3 (June 1, 1990): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/36.3.135.

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UZUN, C. Nİl. "Residential transformation of squatter settlements: Urban redevelopment projects in Ankara." Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 20, no. 2 (June 2005): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10901-005-9002-9.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Slums and Squatter Settlements'

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