Journal articles: 'Slums – Bangladesh'

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Islam, Ummay Nayeema, and Tasmiah Sad Sutopa. "The Burden of Neonatal Mortality in Urban Slums of Bangladesh: Evidence from Bangladesh Urban Health Survey 2013 Data." Dhaka University Journal of Science 69, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v69i1.54620.

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Children in slums are in a vulnerable situation because of their low living standard and poor access to healthcare services. It is melancholic that newborns are the worst victims of this devastating condition. This paper aims at finding out the potential determinants of neonatal death in urban slums using Bangladesh Urban Health Survey 2013 data. For the purpose of analyses, bivariate analysis has been conducted using chi-square test and multiple logistic regression model is used to assess the adjusted effects of potential determinants of neonatal mortality in slum area. Results indicate that type of birth, mother’s education, working status, NGO membership, migration status, pregnancy complication and water source played significant role in occurring neonatal death in slum areas. In order to reduce neonatal mortality in slums, migrant mothers should get the highest priority; awareness building programs should be held frequently in slums regarding maternal health and health care practices for the pregnant mothers as well as their newborn babies. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 69(1): 31-35, 2021 (January)

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Mridha, Malay Kanti, Md Mokbul Hossain, Md Showkat Ali Khan, Abu abdullah Mohammad Hanif, Mehedi Hasan, Moyazzam Hossaine, Abu Ahmed Shamim, et al. "Nutrition and Health Status of Elderly People in Bangladesh: Evidence From a Nationwide Survey." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab033_039.

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Abstract Objectives Though Bangladesh is passing through demographic, epidemiologic and nutritional transitions, national estimates on nutrition and health status of the elderly population are largely unknown. We aimed to determine the status of selected health and nutrition indicators among the elderly population in Bangladesh. Methods For the first time in Bangladesh, we included elderly population (≥60 years old females and males) as a separate population group in the national food security and nutrition surveillance round 2018–2019. We collected data on dietary diversity, nutritional status, behavioral risk factors of non-communicable diseases, blood pressure, and self-reported chronic diseases from 4,818 elderly people (48% female) living in 82 clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slums urban, and 10 slums) randomly selected from eight administrative division of Bangladesh. Results Majority (59% in rural, 53% in non-slum urban, and 69% in slums) of elderly people were consuming an inadequately diverse (4 or less food groups out of 10) diet. Overall, 89% of elderly people were malnourished (20%) or at risk of malnutrition (69%). The highest prevalence of malnutrition was in Mymensingh division (37%) followed by Sylhet division (27%). The prevalence of obesity was 5%, 16%, and 11%, in rural, non-slum urban, and slums, respectively. The national prevalence of smoking, smokeless tobacco consumption, physical inactivity was 18%, 52%, and 38%, respectively. There was a high burden of hypertension (49% in rural, 53% in non-slum urban, and 39% in slums). Overall, 16% of elderly people had heart diseases, 14% had chronic respiratory diseases, 3% had kidney diseases, 9% had diabetes, 8% had stroke, 0.5% had cancer and 1.4% had mental health problems. Conclusions The government of Bangladesh should design and implement health and nutrition programs among the elderly population. The regional differences in the prevalence of health and nutrition indicators should be considered while designing such programs. Funding Sources Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh

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Rahman, Mohammad Ataur, Afrin Jannat Dina, Mashrufah Khatun, and Sourav Das. "Livelihood assets and food consumption level of slum dwellers in some selected areas of Dhaka city of Bangladesh." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 7, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2022.070409.

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This study analyzes the socioeconomic characteristics, identifies the livelihood assets, determines the calorie intake level, and identifies the problems and constraints faced by the slum dwellers among randomly selected 60 households from Korail and Noyapara slums in Dhaka city. The study result reveals that the low share of old people in slums is nothing but a result of bad living and health conditions in slums. A very large share (almost 90 percent) of slum dwellers having less than 10 years of schooling is explained as an alarming sign. The amount of money the slum dwellers earn is 6 times lower compared to the average national income, which affects the slum dweller in a multidimensional way. For most of the key influencers of livelihood, this study finds that slum dwellers live in a vulnerable situation. Regarding calorie intake, about 90 percent of the total slum population belongs to ultra-poor, hard-core poor, and absolute poor categories, which need immediate action. As for problems and constraints, most of the slum dwellers indicate inadequate income, lack of housing space, water crisis, and lack of proper sanitation as their major problems.

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Shuaib, A. S. M., and Md Masud Parves Rana. "Assessing water supply for the urban poor in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 31, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-06-2019-0138.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding about sources of water for the urban poor in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh. It evaluates water supply performances to identify priority areas of water supply for further improvement. The paper also illustrates whether location of slums in the city has a connection with water supply facilities or not. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a case study of water supply for the urban slum dwellers. Based on a questionnaire survey, it evaluates performances of water supply following a holistic framework for assessing dimensions of water supply system among three slum zones of Rajshahi city. The dimensions of water supply are as follows: technical, biophysical, political, institutional, economic and social. Findings The research finds that most of the slum dwellers do not have reliable and sufficient access to water supply. The performance of water supply is location specific, and all of the slums do not have equal access to all dimensions of water supply. Overall performance of water supply is moderate, but individual performances of dimensions are unsatisfactory and unequal among the slums. Practical implications The paper suggests location-specific identification of strengths and weaknesses of water supply for the poor. It consolidates a performance evaluation method for identifying priority areas and needs of the urban poor for making Rajshahi city more inclusive and sustainable. Originality/value The paper provides an assessment of water supply performance for the urban poor in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh.

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Amjad, Karisma. "Climate Migrant Elderly Abuse and Neglect: A Study in Slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh." Journal of Aging Research and Healthcare 3, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-20-3301.

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Bangladesh many older people spend their life in not only the unwell health but also in poverty which is major risk for the elderly population. This is especially true for older women, who suffer from various difficulties ensuing from prejudices to gender, widowhood and old age. Climate migrants start living in urban slums are in search of better and secure life. But urban slums located mostly in low lying environmentally hazardous area coupled with inadequate facilities like food, shelter, sanitation, health care make their life even worse. Older Women are the vulnerable groups in society in terms of climate change, movement; haphazard growth and unhealthy environment are the target group for this research. This study represents the nature and extent of elderly abuse of climate migrant urban poor women slum dwellers in Dhaka city in Bangladesh context. Besides, this paper also observe the socio-economic status of the study respondents and try to find out the self-stated reasons of elderly abuse. This study conducted both quantitative and qualitative types study on two slums of Dhaka with purposive sample survey, KII and in depth qualitative interview of selected climate migrant slum dwellers while purposive sample size of 50. Decreasing in earning capacity, inability and economic dependency, health hazard, maladjustment, changing social values have a separate role in the connection of older abuse. Planned migration, awareness program implantations against elderly abuse and secured socioeconomic factors are suggested through this paper to lessen exposure to further neglecting of elderly climate migrant women in urban slums.

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Akter, Rafia. "Contraceptive Use among Slum Women in Slums of Dhaka City." American International Journal of Social Science Research 5, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aijssr.v5i3.667.

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Bangladesh has experienced a dramatic increase in contraceptive use and a sensational decline in fertility over 3 decades since its independence. The family planning program (FPP) in Bangladesh has been considered a success story in a setting without much socio-economic development. With the concerted effort of the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), women are becoming aware of physical health; (Icddr,b). In this context, a study has conducted to unveil the scenario of using contraception in the slum area of Dhaka City. In this research, 101 respondents were selected from two selected slums of Dhaka city. This study examines the use of contraceptives among the slum women. Findings revealed that respondents age 15-20) around 8.6% prefer an oral pill, 2.5% prefer IUD, 6.2% prefer condom (husband’s method) and 4.9% prefer injectable. Respondents aged within (21-25) around 19.8% prefer oral pill, 3.7% prefer IUD, 6.2% prefer condom (husband’s method) and 7.4% prefer injectable. Respondents age (above 25) around 21.0% prefer oral pill, 1.2% prefer IUD, 1.2% prefer condom (husband’s method) and 17.3% prefer injectable. In total, around 49.4% prefer an oral pill, 7.4% prefer IUD, 13.6% prefer condom and 29.6% prefer injectable. Women’s education, exposure to mass media, current work status husband’s working status, age of marriage, decision-making rights, religious restriction are the important determinants of contraceptive use among slum women.

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Islam, Mirajul, Nasrin Sultana, and Muhammad Mahmudul Hasan. "Determinants of Postnatal Care Utilization for the Newborns in Urban Slums of Bangladesh: A Study Based on Bangladesh Urban Health Survey Data." Dhaka University Journal of Science 67, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v67i1.54575.

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Better child health can be guaranteed by ensuring postnatal care for the newborns after birth. Newborns in the slums of Bangladesh are lagging behind to receive postnatal care and the percentage of newborns receiving health check-up from medically trained provider within first two months after birth is very low. The purpose of this study is to find out the potential determinants of receiving postnatal care from medically trained provider for slum newborns in Bangladesh. Data have been extracted from Bangladesh Urban Health Survey (UHS), 2013 to serve the purpose of the study. From regression analysis, it is found that antenatal care during pregnancy from medically trained provider, delivery by skilled birth attendant, economic status of the newborn family, education level and media exposure of mothers are significant factors associated with the uptake of postnatal care from medically trained provider for the newborns in slums. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 67(1): 69-72, 2019 (January)

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Mahbubur Rahman, Mohammed. "LOW-INCOME HOUSING AND SUSTAINABILITY OF THE SLUM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM IN BANGLADESH." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 22 (June 30, 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap2212017_1.

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Slums providing housing to a good proportion of urban population in many developing countries have grown dramatically. Governments mostly assisted by the international agencies have improved environment, tenure security, income and resources in many of these. Yet that could not eradicate the problems as benefits could not be sustained due to lack in institutional development, policy implementation, governance, participation etc. Moreover, the urban poor’s capability to bring affordable and sustainable solutions, which can be improved with assistance, was overlooked. This paper discusses the changed approach to the issues of low-income groups housing in the above context, and examine the same in the context of Bangladesh. It also evaluates the achievements and sustainability of the Slum Improvement Program therein. Keywords: Capacity Building, Empowerment, Housing, Participation, Slums, Sustainability, Urban Poor.

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Islam, Ummay Nayeema, and Farzana Afroz. "Impact of Migration on the Utilization of Antenatal Care Services among Women of Urban Slums in Bangladesh." Dhaka University Journal of Science 70, no. 2 (December 18, 2022): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v70i2.62599.

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Mothers living in urban slums in Bangladesh get far less access to maternal and child health care services which may lead to mortality or serious morbidity to mothers as well as newborns. Lack of antennal care (ANC) is closely linked to poor pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight, preterm births or infant mortality. However, exposure to migration makes the situation worse in terms of attending urban community health care facilities among women in slums. Since the effect of migration on the usage of antenatal care services in slums has remained an under studied area, this paper aims to examine the adjusted effect of migration on perceiving adequate ANC. Data from the second round of Bangladesh Urban Health Survey conducted in 2013 have been used for this study. A well fitted binary logistic model resulted in lower odds of receiving complete ANC among recently migrated women in slums (AOR=0.602, 95% CI=0.43-0.85). Therefore, further emphasis should be given to increase awareness about antenatal care services among women who are recently migrated to urban slums in Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(2): 8-14, 2022 (July)

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Raju, Dhushyanth, Kyoung Yang Kim, Quynh Thu Nguyen, and Ramesh Govindaraj. "Cities, slums, and child nutrition in Bangladesh." Review of Development Economics 23, no. 2 (November 9, 2018): 760–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12564.

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Rahman, Md Mizanur, Peter J. Atkins, and Colin McFarlane. "Factors affecting slum sanitation projects in Dhaka City: learning from the dynamics of social-technological-governance systems." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 4, no. 3 (May 10, 2014): 346–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2014.081.

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Historically, the Government of Bangladesh has faced serious challenges in urban sanitation while public policy continuously bypasses questions related to the overall condition of the urban slums and their complex and filthy neighbourhood environment. Considering the diverse local settings of the urban slums, this paper attempts to explore the varied dynamics of ‘social-technological-governance’ (STG) systems from different categories of government (GO) and non-governmental organisation-managed slums where sanitation projects have been implemented. The analysis of STG systems not only uncovers different factors that affect sanitation projects but also offers a guideline that could address the overwhelming slum sanitation agenda in the context of metropolitan cities. The paper adopts a qualitative stance to explore the STG system and compare dynamics across the study areas. As is widely understood, local contextual issues are important in implementing sanitation projects and first-hand qualitative information has therefore been gathered and analysed to make sense of on-the-ground realities.

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Kibuchi, Eliud, Proloy Barua, Ivy Chumo, Noemia Teixeira de Siqueira Filha, Penelope Phillips-Howard, Md Imran Hossain Mithu, Caroline Kabaria, et al. "Effects of social determinants on children’s health in informal settlements in Bangladesh and Kenya through an intersectionality lens: a study protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 6 (June 2022): e056494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056494.

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IntroductionSeveral studies have shown that residents of urban informal settlements/slums are usually excluded and marginalised from formal social systems and structures of power leading to disproportionally worse health outcomes compared to other urban dwellers. To promote health equity for slum dwellers, requires an understanding of how their lived realities shape inequities especially for young children 0–4 years old (ie, under-fives) who tend to have a higher mortality compared with non-slum children. In these proposed studies, we aim to examine how key Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) factors at child and household levels combine to affect under-five health conditions, who live in slums in Bangladesh and Kenya through an intersectionality lens.Methods and analysisThe protocol describes how we will analyse data from the Nairobi Cross-sectional Slum Survey (NCSS 2012) for Kenya and the Urban Health Survey (UHS 2013) for Bangladesh to explore how SDoH influence under-five health outcomes in slums within an intersectionality framework. The NCSS 2012 and UHS 2013 samples will consist of 2199 and 3173 under-fives, respectively. We will apply Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy approach. Some of SDoH characteristics to be considered will include those of children, head of household, mothers and social structure characteristics of household. The primary outcomes will be whether a child had diarrhoea, cough, fever and acute respiratory infection (ARI) 2 weeks preceding surveys.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journals and presented in events organised by the Accountability and Responsiveness in Informal Settlements for Equity consortium and international conferences. Ethical approval was not required for these studies. Access to the NCSS 2012 has been given by Africa Population and Health Center and UHS 2013 is freely available.

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Akter, Rafia. "Knowledge, awareness and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among women in urban slums." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, no. 4 (June 14, 2022): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i4.1061.

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Sexually Transmitted Diseases/ Infections (STDs/STIs) are a major public health problem and a leading cause of morbidity among women in developing countries like Bangladesh. According to WHO, 2006, STDs/STIs ranks second as a cause of healthy life loss among women in the reproductive age group. This research has been conducted on examining knowledge awareness and prevention of STDs among women. It was conducted in two selected slums (Kathalbagan’s Lakkhi slum and Moghbazar slum) of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. This study was conducted through quantitative research and convenience sampling techniques. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data on knowledge awareness and prevention of STDs/STIs. The study shows that 68.3% of respondents have knowledge about STDs, in this research majority of respondents are not aware of risk factors associated with STDs. This study examines that, for building awareness, majority of respondents preferred “Radio and Television” as the most important media that can build awareness for STDs among slum women. Special counseling is mandatory for the victims, along with sex education. Awareness about healthy sexual behaviors, a hygienic lifestyle, and instruction about the correct use of male condoms should be promoted to reduce the risk of health complications and greatly reduce the spread of STDs not in Bangladesh but also in developing countries.

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Spieker, Clara, Anthony A. Laverty, and Oyinlola Oyebode. "The prevalence and socio-demographic associations of household food insecurity in seven slum sites across Nigeria, Kenya, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 30, 2022): e0278855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278855.

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Although the proportion of people living in slums is increasing in low- and middle-income countries and food insecurity is considered a severe hazard for health, there is little research on this topic. This study investigated and compared the prevalence and socio-demographic associations of household food insecurity in seven slum settings across Nigeria, Kenya, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Data were taken from a cross-sectional, household-based, spatially referenced survey conducted between December 2018 and June 2020. Household characteristics and the extent and distribution of food insecurity across sites was established using descriptive statistics. Multivariable logistic regression of data in a pooled model including all slums (adjusting for slum site) and site-specific analyses were conducted. In total, a sample of 6,111 households were included. Forty-one per cent (2,671) of all households reported food insecurity, with varying levels between the different slums (9–69%). Household head working status and national wealth quintiles were consistently found to be associated with household food security in the pooled analysis (OR: 0·82; CI: 0·69–0·98 & OR: 0·65; CI: 0·57–0·75) and in the individual sites. Households which owned agricultural land (OR: 0·80; CI: 0·69–0·94) were less likely to report food insecurity. The association of the household head’s migration status with food insecurity varied considerably between sites. We found a high prevalence of household food insecurity which varied across slum sites and household characteristics. Food security in slum settings needs context-specific interventions and further causal clarification.

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Jahan, Nusrat, Shahinur Akter, Morsheda Akter Heme, Dipika Chandra, Afsana Polly, Laila Siddiqua, Rumana Rahman, Kaniz Fatima Mohsin, and Md Tanvir Hossain. "Healthcare-seeking behaviour of marginalised older people in urban slums: a cross-sectional survey study in Khulna City, Bangladesh." BMJ Open 12, no. 11 (November 2022): e066376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066376.

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ObjectivesThis study aimed to measure healthcare-seeking behaviour and determine its associated factors among older people in the slums of the Khulna City Corporation (KCC) areas of Bangladesh.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingsFour slums in the KCC areas of Bangladesh.ParticipantsThe participants were selected following a two-stage area probability sampling with the following specifications: they must be aged ≥60 years and must have lived in the slums of KCC for at least 5 consecutive years.Outcome measuresA semistructured interview schedule was administered to determine participants’ healthcare-seeking behaviour, with healthcare-seeking behaviour measured through a dichotomous response of ‘yes’ or ‘no’.Results636 participants were included in the study. Gastrointestinal problems (75.3%) and aches and pains (71.5%) were the two most common health problems among older people in the slums of KCC. Older adults in their 80s had higher adjusted odds of attaining healthcare services (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.028; 95% CI: 1.140 to 3.609; p<0.05) than other older people, while educated older people (AOR=0.664; 95% CI: 0.441 to 1.000; p<0.05) and those with greater satisfaction with domains of life (SDL index; AOR=0.860; 95% CI: 0.811 to 0.912; p<0.01) were less inclined to seek healthcare services than their counterparts. Additionally, widows/widowers (AOR=2.218; 95% CI: 1.080 to 4.556; p<0.05) and married people (AOR=2.750; 95% CI: 1.329 to 5.689; p<0.01) had higher adjusted odds of seeking healthcare services than those who were divorced/separated.ConclusionAge, education, marital status and SDL index were significant predictors for the healthcare-seeking behaviour of older people in KCC slums. Effective strategies need to be implemented to reduce existing access barriers to healthcare services for older people in the slum areas of urban Bangladesh.

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Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha, Noemia, Jinshuo Li, Eliud Kibuchi, Zahidul Quayyum, Penelope Phillips-Howard, Abdul Awal, Md Imran Hossain Mithu, et al. "Economics of healthcare access in low-income and middle-income countries: a protocol for a scoping review of the economic impacts of seeking healthcare on slum-dwellers compared with other city residents." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e045441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045441.

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IntroductionPeople living in slums face several challenges to access healthcare. Scarce and low-quality public health facilities are common problems in these communities. Costs and prevalence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) have also been reported as high in studies conducted in slums in developing countries and those suffering from chronic conditions and the poorest households seem to be more vulnerable to financial hardship. The COVID-19 pandemic may be aggravating the economic impact on the extremely vulnerable population living in slums due to the long-term consequences of the disease. The objective of this review is to report the economic impact of seeking healthcare on slum-dwellers in terms of costs and CHE. We will compare the economic impact on slum-dwellers with other city residents.Methods and analysisThis scoping review adopts the framework suggested by Arksey and O’Malley. The review is part of the accountability and responsiveness of slum-dwellers (ARISE) research consortium, which aims to enhance accountability to improve the health and well-being of marginalised populations living in slums in India, Bangladesh, Sierra Leone and Kenya. Costs of accessing healthcare will be updated to 2020 prices using the inflation rates reported by the International Monetary Fund. Costs will be presented in International Dollars by using purchase power parity. The prevalence of CHE will also be reported.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for scoping reviews. We will disseminate our results alongside the events organised by the ARISE consortium and international conferences. The final manuscript will be submitted to an open-access international journal. Registration number at the Research Registry: reviewregistry947.

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Satu, Shammi Akter, and Rowshon Ara Akter Juthi. "Factors, Nature and Impacts of Slum Dwellers Residential Mobility within the Dhaka City." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 6, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v6.n3.355.

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The pattern of residential mobility varies throughout the world. Slum populations consistently report higher rates of residential mobility than other populations. However, the pattern and the consequences of residential mobility of the slum dwellers are not well studied. Dhaka, the Capital of Bangladesh, has a large population, more than 14 million of which about 1.06 million live in slums with an increase of 60.73 percent in the last 17 years. The objectives of this study are: (1) to identify the significant factors of residential mobility of slum dwellers; and (2) to examine the patterns of residential mobility of slum dwellers in three slums area located in Dhaka. This study further analyzed the impacts of residential mobility on the socio-economic aspect of the slum dwellers. For this research purpose, 267 households from three slums of Dhaka namely Kallyanpur slum, Agargaon slum, and Karwan Bazar railgate slum were selected through non-probability convenience sampling and interviewed. This study found that residential mobility was influenced by factors which are related to life cycle; employment, income and distress; land tenure and homeownership; neighbourhood condition and grouping issues. Among all the studied variables the most five significant factors influencing residential mobility are slum eviction, unavailability of utility services, marriage, changing job and getting homeownership status. It is revealed that the nature of the residential mobility for the surveyed slum dwellers is mainly negative and it poses a significant impact on the socio-economic aspects of life. The findings of the study pave the way to recommend specific measures for the slum dwellers to improve their condition by lessening the negative impacts of residential mobility.

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Ahmed, Iftekhar. "Building Resilience of Urban Slums in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 218 (May 2016): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.04.023.

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Rahman, Habibur. "Urbanisation and the Problem of Slums in Bangladesh." Community Development Journal 20, no. 1 (1985): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/20.1.52.

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Mistry, Sabuj Kanti, Fahmida Akter, Md Belal Hossain, Md Nazmul Huda, Nafis Md Irfan, Uday Narayan Yadav, Daniel M. L. Storisteanu, and Amit Arora. "Exploring Factors Associated with Women’s Willingness to Provide Digital Fingerprints in Accessing Healthcare Services: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Slums of Bangladesh." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010040.

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Digital fingerprints are increasingly used for patient care and treatment delivery, health system monitoring and evaluation, and maintaining data integrity during health research. Yet, no evidence exists about the use of fingerprinting technologies in maternal healthcare services in urban slum contexts, globally. The present study aimed to explore the recently delivered women’s willingness to give digital fingerprints to community health workers to access healthcare services in the urban slums of Bangladesh and identify the associated factors. Employing a two-stage cluster random sampling procedure, we chose 458 recently delivered women from eight randomly selected urban slums of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Chi-square tests were performed for descriptive analyses, and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors associated with willingness to provide fingerprints. Overall, 78% of the participants reported that they were willing to provide digital fingerprints if that eased access to healthcare services. After adjusting for potential confounders, the sex of the household head, family type, and household wealth status were significantly associated with the willingness to provide fingerprints to access healthcare services. The study highlighted the potentials of using fingerprints for making healthcare services accessible. Focus is needed for female-headed households, women from poor families, and engaging husbands and in-laws in mobile health programs.

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Karim, Mohoshina, and Shayela Farah. "Maternal Health Care Practices among Mothers of a Selected Slum in Dhaka City." Journal of Enam Medical College 5, no. 3 (November 10, 2015): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v5i3.24749.

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Background: Bangladesh is a small South Asian country which became independent in 1971 after a bloody war. Rapid urbanisation in Bangladesh (26% of the 147.1 million inhabitants live in urban areas) is fuelling a growth in urban poverty, particularly in the urban slums where the quality of life is extremely poor. The average population density in slums was reported in 2005 as 831 persons per acre or 205,415 people per square kilometre.1 Early commencement of antenatal care by pregnant women as well as regular visits has the potential to affect maternal and foetal outcome.Objective: To assess the status of ANC service used by the pregnant mothers and their socio-demographic characteristics.Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Moghbazar slum area in Dhaka district of Bangladesh, during January to June 2014. A total of 161 slum dwellers were enrolled in the study. Information regarding education, occupation, monthly family income, antenatal care was gathered using a pretested structured questionnnare and data were analysed.Results: The majority respondents had knowledge about antenatal care and of them 89 (55.2%) completed ?3 visits. Forty five (47.8%) pregnant women received ANC from government hospitals. Nearly 72% mothers received ANC service from doctors and 16.9% received from family welfare visitors (FWV). Half of mothers were satisfied with the overall care provided to them. About 86.2% mothers said that they had to wait for more than two hours for check-ups. More than 50% received information about exercise and 36% were reassured about discussing fear and anxiety about pregnancy.Conclusion: This study reveals that antenatal care provided was not up to the mark of standard care and measures should be taken to improve it.J Enam Med Col 2015; 5(3): 166-169

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Haque, MA, MN Haque, MM Sultana, SM Hossen, and S. Paul. "Effect of Water Quality, Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Practices on Health of School Going Children of Urban Slum Areas." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no. 1 (August 24, 2015): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i1.24682.

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The study was carried out among the 246 school going children of urban slum of Tangail district and random sampling methods were applied. Slum population has been increasing in Bangladesh over the last three decades along with the growth and expansion of cities and towns.The facilities in urban slums were very much unsatisfactory due to lack of proper water supply and adequate hygiene and sanitation facilities. The good hygienic and sanitation knowledge and the practice have been found to be significantly low among the slum dwellers of Tangail district. Thewater supply and sanitation condition are improving very slowly in the urban slums of Tangail. Majority (94.7%) of the slum people use tube well water for drinking, cleaning and household purposes. The dustbin facility was the most neglected sector in these slums. Besides, Solid waste management and drainage system were totally unsatisfactory. It was observed that houses, shops, drains, roads etc. have been constructed unplanned and solid wastes were preserved on open places. Majority (58.1%) of the children did not ware sandal while going to latrine and did not cut finger nail regularly (54.5%). Most of the slum dwellers (63.4%) did not use cover for safety of the prepared food. It was observed that there was presence of pet/animal/insect in food preparation area of maximum households. Most of the people were unaware about toilet cleaning regularly. Findings of the study showed that 40.7% children were underweight, 28.9% children were stunted and 31.3% children were wasted. The child morbidity rate was high. Water quality, environmental sanitation and hygiene practices were positively correlated (r = 0 to +1) with health status of school going children. Thewater quality, environmental sanitation and hygiene practices have significant impact (p? 0.05) on the health of school going children of these slums.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 115-119 2015

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Urmy, Nushrat Jahan, Abu Ahmed Shamim, Md Mokbul Hossain, Mehedi Hasan, Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif, Moyazzam Hossaine, Mohammad Aman Ullah, et al. "Prevalence of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Adolescent Girls and Boys in Bangladesh: Evidence from the National Nutrition Surveillance Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_123.

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Abstract Objectives Non-communicable diseases (NCD) and their risk factors have become a major public health problem worldwide. Understanding NCD risk factors among adolescents is important as many risk behaviors start in this period. In the recently completed round of national nutrition surveillance (NNS 2018–2019), we assessed the prevalence of NCD risk factors among adolescents and the factors associated with the co-presence of multiple risk factors. Methods This study was conducted in 82 randomly selected clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slums urban and 10 slums) from Bangladesh. We interviewed 4761 adolescent boys and 4808 adolescent girls for selected NCD risk factors using the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS questionnaire. We also measured the height and weight of adolescents. Results The prevalence of insufficient fruits and vegetables intake, inadequate physical activity, any tobacco use, overweight and obesity in adolescent boys and girls was 90.8% and 93.6%, 33.4% and 51.9%, 4.5% and 0.9%, and 7.7% and 11.3%, respectively. The prevalence of one, two and three NCD risk factors among adolescent boys and girls was 55.5% and 42.5%, 35.1% and 48.8%, and 3.5% and 5.9%, respectively. Co-presence of two or more risk factors was higher among adolescent girls and early adolescent girls. For adolescent boys, area of residence (non-slum urban: AOR 2.8, P < 0.001; slum: AOR 1.6, P < 0.001), father's occupation (farmer: AOR 0.70, P = 0.005), and household wealth status (middle quintile, AOR 0.8, P = 0.022) were associated with: co-presence of multiple risk factors. In case of adolescent girls, age (15–19 y: AOR 0.8, P = 0.002), area of residence (non-slum urban: AOR 2.2, P < 0.001; slum: AOR 1.4, P < 0.001), occupation (non-student: AOR 0.6, P < 0.001), maternal education (e.g., partial secondary: AOR: 1.6, P < 0.001), father's occupation (e.g., farmer: AOR 0.6, P < 0.001) were associated with co-presence of multiple risk factors. Conclusions We found a high prevalence of NCD risk factors among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. The co-presence of multiple risk factors was higher among girls than the boys and among early adolescent girls than the late-adolescent girls. The government and others should address these risk factors while implementing programs for improving the health of adolescents in Bangladesh. Funding Sources Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh.

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Mistry, Sabuj Kanti, Fahmida Akter, Uday Narayan Yadav, Md Belal Hossain, Amarynth Sichel, Alain B. Labrique, and Daniel M. L. Storisteanu. "Factors associated with mobile phone usage to access maternal and child healthcare among women of urban slums in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e043933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043933.

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IntroductionWith the acute shortage of human resources and infrastructure, mobile phones can be a critical tool for accessing health services and strengthening health systems in Bangladesh. Yet, there is a scarcity of evidence on the use of mobile phones in this context for accessing health services. In this study, we sought to explore the current use of mobile phones for accessing maternal and child healthcare and its determinants among recently delivered women in urban slums of Bangladesh.MethodsThe data were collected through interviewing 800 recently delivered women from eight slums of Dhaka city of Bangladesh during May and June 2018. The study followed a cross-sectional design and a two-stage cluster random sampling procedure was followed. A pretested structured questionnaire was employed to collect information. Chi square tests were performed for descriptive analyses and a multilevel binary logistic regression model was executed to explore the determinants of mobile phone usage for accessing maternal and childcare among the participants.ResultsOverall, 73.8% of study participants used mobile phones for accessing maternal and child healthcare. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants’ age, husband’s occupation, sex of household head, women’s ownership of mobile phones and household wealth status were found to be significantly associated with higher odds of using mobile phones to access maternal and child healthcare.ConclusionThe study highlighted the possibility of implementing large-scale mobile health (mHealth) interventions in slum settlements for accessing maternal and child healthcare and is a sustainable mitigation strategy for the acute health worker crisis in Bangladesh. The findings of this study are particularly crucial for policymakers and practitioners while they revise the health policy to incorporate mHealth interventions as highlighted in the recently initiated Digital Health Strategy of Bangladesh.

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Hoque, Ashraful, and Beatrice J. Selwyn. "Birth Practice Patterns in Urban Slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh." Women & Health 24, no. 1 (August 27, 1996): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j013v24n01_03.

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Hossain, MA, M. Moniruzzaman, and MA Islam. "Urban Environmental Health in Bangladesh Slum: A Comparative Study of Two Metropolitan Cities." Journal of Science Foundation 8, no. 1-2 (April 17, 2013): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14628.

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This study aims to present a comparative study of socioeconomic, physical and urban environmental health condition of two metropolitan cities in Bangladesh. Slums both from Khulna and Rajshahi city were selected for this study. Although both primary and secondary data were used, this study was mainly based on primary data gathered through household questionnaire survey. In order to determine the socio-economic, physical and environmental situations, only those who were the beneficiaries of the UNICEF project were interviewed. The study finds that poor socioeconomic status and inadequacy of urban services has had an immediate effect on urban health special the slum poor in metropolitan cities in the country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14628 J. Sci. Foundation, 8(1&2): 67-76, June-December 2010

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Mahmood, Shehrin Shaila, Md Zahid Hasan, A. M. Rumayan Hasan, Md Golam Rabbani, Farzana Begum, Tariq Bin Yousuf, Syed Manzoor Ahmed Hanifi, Daniel D. Reidpath, and Sabrina Rasheed. "Health system impact of COVID-19 on urban slum population of Bangladesh: a mixed-method rapid assessment study." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e057402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057402.

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ObjectiveWe aimed to rapidly assess the health system impact of COVID-19 in the urban slums of Bangladesh.DesignSetting and participantsA cross-sectional survey among 476 households was conducted during October–December 2020 in five selected urban slums of Dhaka North, Dhaka South and Gazipur City Corporation. In-depth interviews with purposively selected 22 slum dwellers and key informant interviews with 16 local healthcare providers and four policymakers and technical experts were also conducted.Outcome measuresPercentage of people suffering from general illness, percentage of people suffering from chronic illness, percentage of people seeking healthcare, percentage of people seeking maternal care, health system challenges resulting from COVID-19.ResultsAbout 12% of members suffered from general illness and 25% reported chronic illness. Over 80% sought healthcare and the majority sought care from informal healthcare providers. 39% of the recently delivered women sought healthcare in 3 months preceding the survey. An overall reduction in healthcare use was reported during the lockdown period compared with prepandemic time. Mismanagement and inefficient use of resources were reported as challenges of health financing during the pandemic. Health information sharing was inadequate at the urban slums, resulting from the lack of community and stakeholder engagement (51% received COVID-19-related information, 49% of respondents knew about the national hotline number for COVID-19 treatment). Shortage of human resources for health was reported to be acute during the pandemic, resulting from the shortage of specialist doctors and uneven distribution of health workforce. COVID-19 test was inadequate due to the lack of adequate test facilities and stigma associated with COVID-19. Lack of strong leadership and stakeholder engagement was seen as the barriers to effective pandemic management.ConclusionThe findings of the current study are expected to support the government in tailoring interventions and allocating resources more efficiently and timely during a pandemic.

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Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar. "The consequence of urban street children’s lifestyle on their health status." Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal 2, Number 1 (January 1, 2020): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/zhswmcj.2020.v0201.06.

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Around 3.5 percent of the population migrates internally every year in Bangladesh. There are two major drivers behind this reality. People move to urban centres after losing village homes and livelihoods following disasters fuelled by climate change. They also come to the city seeking employments created by the rapid growth of the garment industry. A large proportion of migrants from villages end up in urban slums. Dhaka city has more than 5,000 slums inhabited by an estimated four million people.

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Hossain, Sarafat, Tazeen Fatima Khan, and SM Imamul Huq. "Effects of Slums on Ecosystem Components." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 43, no. 1 (June 20, 2017): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v43i1.46247.

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An in vitro study was conducted to assess the effects of slums on ecosystem services particularly soil, plant and water. The research findings indicated that, samples of soil, plant and water were contaminated with heavy metals, many of which were above permissible limits. The heavy metals exceeding the permissible limits pose serious threats to the surrounding plant and animal lives. Hence, there is a health risk associated with the consumption of the vegetables grown in the slums due to the fact that the heavy metals can bio-accumulate into human body through the food chain. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(1): 71-81, June 2017

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Hanchett, Suzanne, Shireen Akhter, Mohidul Hoque Khan, Summarized By Stephen Mezulianik, and and Vicky Blagbrough. "Water, sanitation and hygiene in Bangladeshi slums: an evaluation of the WaterAid-Bangladesh urban programme." Environment and Urbanization 15, no. 2 (October 1, 2003): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1630/095624703101286736.

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Hanchett, Suzanne, Shireen Akhter, Mohidul Hoque Khan, Stephen Mezulianik, and Vicky Blagbrough. "Water, sanitation and hygiene in Bangladeshi slums: an evaluation of the WaterAid– Bangladesh urban programme." Environment and Urbanization 15, no. 2 (October 2003): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624780301500219.

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Kamal, S. M. Mostafa. "Safe Motherhood Practices Among Women of Urban Slums in Bangladesh." Health Care for Women International 33, no. 8 (August 2012): 719–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2012.655387.

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Ahmed, Iftekhar. "Factors in building resilience in urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh." Procedia Economics and Finance 18 (2014): 745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00998-8.

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Biswas, Subas Chandra, Shuchi Karim, and Sabina Faiz Rashid. "Should we care: a qualitative exploration of the factors that influence the decision of early marriage among young men in urban slums of Bangladesh." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e039195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039195.

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ObjectivesTo explore how adolescent and young men negotiate the complex realities of lives to explain their pathways into and reasons for early marriage in urban slums of Bangladesh.DesignThe qualitative data used here came from a larger 3-year study that used both quantitative and qualitative research methods.SettingInterviews were conducted in two of the largest slums in Dhaka and Chittagong city of Bangladesh between December 2015 and March 2018.ParticipantsThis paper uses qualitative data from 22 in-depth interviews (IDIs) and three focus group discussions (FGDs) with adolescent and young men aged 15–24 years; 13 IDIs and 4 FGDs with parents and 11 key-informant interviews with community leaders. The purposively selected respondents were interviewed in their respective settings.ResultsIn the context of urban slums, this study revealed multiple factors influence early marriage decision-making processes among young men. These factors include socially perceived phenomenon of adulthood and readiness of marriage, poverty leading to drop out from schools and early initiation to earning livelihood, manifestations of increasing individual aspiration and agency, fulfilment of romance and erotic desires and dreams of forming one’s own family. In addition, parental and immediate societal interference to preserve norms around gender and society can act as catalysts for this decision.ConclusionsStudy findings imply that complex structural factors, social and gender norms that are contributing to the early marriage for both adolescent boys and young men in Bangladesh’s urban slums. These are locations where conservatism, poverty and urbanisation intersect resulting in early and often unprepared entry to adulthood for young men impacting on their development and well-being. It is, therefore, critical that young men should be included in the national and global conversations around child marriage and child marriage prevention programme.

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Nili, Nilufar Yeasmin. "Postnatal care services and factors affecting its utilization in slum areas of Dhaka city." IMC Journal of Medical Science 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcjms.v13i2.45287.

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Background and objectives: Maternal as well as infant mortality is high in Bangladesh. Utilization of post natal care (PNC) services is important to reduce maternal and infant mortality. Considering this matter, this study attempted to find out the level of PNC utilization by women living in slum areas of Dhaka city as well as to identify the factors associated with the utilization of PNC services. Methods: This study was conducted in Khilgaon and Rampura slums of Dhaka city. In each slum, women aged between 15-49 years who had given birth to at least one child were enrolled in the study by random sampling technique. Participants were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire which included information on socio-economic, demographic, cultural status as well as information on PNC service utilization. Results: Out of total 360 enrolled women in both slums, 58.6% utilized PNC services. The rate of utilization of PNC services was 55% and 62.2% in Khilgaon and Rampura slum respectively. Compared to 40-49 years age group, significantly (p<0.01) higher percentage of women aged <20, 20-29 and 30-39 years utilized PNC services (69.6%, 67.0% and 56.4% respectively). The significant associates of receiver of PNC were respondent’s education, number of antenatal care (ANC) received, level of tetanus vaccination, place of delivery, distance between home and clinic, mass media exposure, male participation and autonomy. Conclusion: Local socioeconomic and cultural aspects should be considered while planning intervention program to improve the utilization of PNC service. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2019; 13(2): 53-58

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Tipple, A. Graham, and Md Shahidul Ameen. "User initiated extension activity in Bangladesh: "building slums" or area improvement?" Environment and Urbanization 11, no. 1 (April 1, 1999): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1630/095624799101284724.

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Pryer, Jane A., Stephen Rogers, and Ataur Rahman. "Factors affecting nutritional status in female adults in Dhaka slums, Bangladesh." Biodemography and Social Biology 50, no. 3-4 (September 2003): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989075.

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Sarkar, NR, KB Biswas, UHF Khatun, and AK Datta. "Characteristics of young foster children in the urban slums of Bangladesh." Acta Paediatrica 92, no. 7 (January 2, 2007): 839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb02543.x.

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Afroz, H., M. N. I. Khan, and M. N. Hasan. "Child Weaning Practices among Selected Urban Slums of Dhaka City, Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v1i1.28894.

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When a baby reaches 4-6 months, milk alone is not sufficient to meet the increased nutritional needs of the baby. Weaning is the process by which a baby slowly gets used to eating family or adult foods along with breast milk. The aim of the study was to assess the weaning practices in the selected urban slums of Dhaka city, Bangladesh among male and female children in the age group of 6 months to 1 year by random sampling. It revealed that 54% infants were fed breast milk and 38.5% infants were fed honey as their first food. About 94.5% infants were given breast milk within (1-24) h, 5% within (24-48) h and 0.5% within (48-72) h. As a weaning food majority of the respondents (39%) used khichuri, 24.5% used mashed potato/banana, 19% used powdered rice, 17% used suzi and 0.5% used others. 33% respondents had no knowledge about nutritious food. About 54%, 38.5%, 6.5% and 1.0% mothers fed their baby breast milk, honey, sugar and other food items respectively just after birth. The studied population group is not only poverty stricken, but also has poor knowledge, attitude and practice on health, hygiene, nutrition and nutritious food.

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Afsana, Kaosar, and Syed Shabab Wahid. "Health care for poor people in the urban slums of Bangladesh." Lancet 382, no. 9910 (December 2013): 2049–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62295-3.

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Tipple, A. Graham, and Md Shahidul Ameen. "User initiated extensionc activity in Bangladesh: building slums or area improvement?" Environment and Urbanization 11, no. 1 (April 1999): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624789901100125.

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Jayedi Aman, Nabeela Nushaira Rahman, and Shehzad Zahir. "‘Beltola Lilies’ – A Solution of Housing for Lower Income People and Introduction of A Module for Flooded Areas." Creative Space 3, no. 2 (January 4, 2016): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2016.32001.

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The paper analyses the issues faced by a minuscule area of a slum habitat in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. The area of the slum worked upon, the “Beltola Bostee”1, faces major problems of frequent flooding when the households of the area become unfit to live in. Hence, the inhabitants of this area shift to share other households, overcrowding the already cramped living quarters. The idea of “Beltola Lilies” emerges as an attempt to resolve the problem and provide the best possible solution. The “Beltola Lilies” is conceived as a modular accommodation that stands on ground during the dry season, but floats on water during floods, providing the inhabitants a healthy, organised, productive and cost-effective solution for housing. Built with inexpensive and indigenous materials, requiring minimum effort in construction and maintenance, having low energy needs and being sufficiently livable, it promises to address and eradicate some of the current dwelling problems in the slums that exist all over the country.

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Ahmed, Saleh, and Mahbubur Meenar. "Just Sustainability in the Global South: A Case Study of the Megacity of Dhaka." Journal of Developing Societies 34, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 401–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x18806740.

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Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, accommodates 18 million people and is one of the largest megacities in the world. A large share of its population is poor and lives in informal settlements which can be called slums. In addition to precarious and unhealthy living conditions, these slum dwellers lack formal land tenure rights and therefore are subject to government-supported evictions. Slum evictions due to various urban development pressures may bring short-term benefits to the urban real estate market but have adverse long-term effects on sustainability and livelihoods of the city’s poor residents. Using the conceptual lens of just sustainability (JS)—which facilitates an investigation of the normative and practical challenges of sustainability and environmental justice—the authors argue that urban development in Dhaka needs to ensure social justice and sustainability. While the geographic focus of this article is Dhaka, this study has direct relevance—in terms of policy and planning implications—for other cities in the Global South.

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Castellano, Rachel, Nives Dolšak, and Aseem Prakash. "Willingness to help climate migrants: A survey experiment in the Korail slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): e0249315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249315.

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Bangladesh faces a severe rural to urban migration challenge, which is accentuated by climate change and the Rohingya crisis. These migrants often reside in urban slums and struggle to access public services, which are already short in supply for existing slum dwellers. Given the inadequacy of governmental efforts, nonprofits have assumed responsibility for providing essential services such as housing, healthcare, and education. Would local slum-dwellers in Dhaka be willing to support such nonprofits financially? We deploy an in-person survey experiment with three frames (generic migrants, climate migrants, and religiously persecuted Rohingya migrants) to assess Dhaka slum-dwellers’ willingness to support a humanitarian charity that provides healthcare services to migrants. Bangladesh is noted as a climate change hotspot and its government is vocal about the climate issue in international forums. While we expected this to translate into public support for climate migrants, we find respondents are 16% less likely to support climate migrants in relation to the generic migrants. However, consistent with the government’s hostility towards Rohingya, we find that respondents are 9% less likely to support a charity focused on helping Rohingya migrants. Our results are robust even when we examine subpopulations such as recent arrivals in Dhaka and those who have experienced floods (both of which could be expected to be more sympathetic to climate migrants), as well as those who regularly follow the news (and hence are well informed about the climate and the Rohingya crisis).

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Khan, Md Arif Uddin, Md Akter Hossen, Zakia Sharmin, and Tania Jannatul Kubra. "Displacement and Deplorable Living Conditions of Slum Dwellers: With Special Reference to Sylhet City." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 46 (January 2015): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.46.51.

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Environmental displacement has already become extreme in geographically and environmentally vulnerable areas in Bangladesh. Thus, climate induced migration to big cities is getting spontaneous over the last few decades. Increasing numbers of slums represent a major challenge to development. Displaced people living in urban slums are in search of better and secure life. But urban slums located mostly in low lying environmentally hazardous area coupled with inadequate facilities like food, shelter, sanitation, high rates of malnutrition, density of population, communicable diseases, exposure to violence, health care make their life even worse. In other words it refers to informal areas suffering from problems of accessibility, narrow streets, the absence of vacant land and open spaces, very high residential densities, insufficient infrastructure and services. The study is fully based on primary data that followed stratified sampling method with triangulation research design and reviewing some related literatures from past research reports. This paper examines that exploration of living conditions of slum dwellers, it is seen that the sketch of their social life is very different, deplorable, unorganized, poor health status, using different kinds of family planning methods, lack of proper water supply and sanitation, low income group with inadequate education, leading unhealthy environment , to enhanced poverty, under nutrition of Bangladeshi’s inhabitants those are engaged in various sectors of economical activities. Their present scenario of social life is very pathetic and miserable because of having been deprived from education, employment and other basic facilities of human life and as a result they are being regarded as a reluctant Dwellers. They are far from touch of modernization, fully separated and alienated from the mainstream of society.

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Zanuzdana, Arina, Md Mobarak H. Khan, Johanna Katharina Brinkel, and Alexander Kraemer. "Factors associated with high prevalence of coughs, colds and fever among urban slum dwellers in Dhaka, Bangladesh." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 3, no. 2 (August 17, 2014): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i2.20042.

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While adverse housing is commonly associated with high respiratory morbidity in urban slum areas, data on prevalence of common respiratory symptoms among adults in urban slums in Bangladesh is limited. We compared the frequency of common respiratory symptoms among men and women in relation to individual socio-demographic and household characteristics using methods of descriptive and analytic epidemiology. Cross-sectional data from 1892 adult respondents collected in the baseline study in 2009 in nine urban slum areas of Dhaka were used. Three month prevalence of coughs and colds was 21.5% (n=1,893). Women were more vulnerable to respiratory symptoms in relation to the frequent exposure to stagnant water bodies near the house (OR: 4.44; 95% CI: 2.49-7.93) and waste disposal (OR: 3.57; 95% CI: 1.37-9.31). Practice of smoking inside dwelling increased the likelihood of having respiratory symptoms for both sexes. Recurrent contact or exposure to stagnant water and unhygienic waste management appeared to be the strongest factors associated with respiratory symptoms, particularly among women. This finding underlines the significance of the improvement of housing quality in slum areas affected by stagnation of water and improper waste management as well as the need for public health intervention to minimize the risk of diseases associated with these factors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i2.20042 South East Asian Journal of Public Health Vol.3(2) 2013: 58-65

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Fahim, Shah Mohammad, Subhasish Das, Md Amran Gazi, Md Ashraful Alam, Mustafa Mahfuz, and Tahmeed Ahmed. "Evidence of gut enteropathy and factors associated with undernutrition among slum-dwelling adults in Bangladesh." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, no. 3 (January 7, 2020): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz327.

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ABSTRACT Background Adult undernutrition (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) is responsible for immune deficits, increased risk of disease burden, and higher rates of mortality. The prevalence of adult undernutrition in Bangladesh is substantial, but there have been few studies on the etiology of this condition for the inhabitants of urban slums. Objective The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with undernutrition among slum-dwelling adults in Bangladesh. Methods A case-control study was conducted in the Bauniabadh area of Dhaka, Bangladesh. 270 adult participants (135 cases with a BMI <18.5 and 135 controls with a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9) aged 18–45 y were enrolled between October 2018 and January 2019. Sociodemographic variables, dietary diversity, micronutrient deficiencies, psychological symptoms, infection, and biomarkers of gut health were assessed to identify the factors associated with undernutrition using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results A higher number of siblings [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.77], increased self-reporting questionnaire-20 score (an instrument to screen mental health disorders and detect psychological symptoms) (aOR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23), elevated fecal concentration of α-1 antitrypsin (aOR: 4.82; 95% CI: 1.01, 25.29), and anemia (aOR: 3.63; 95% CI: 1.62, 8.58) were positively associated with undernutrition in adults. Age (aOR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.96), dietary diversity score (aOR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.99), C-reactive protein (aOR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.92), Helicobacter pylori infection (aOR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.23), and always washing hands before eating or preparing foods (aOR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.87) were associated with reduced odds of undernutrition among the study population. Conclusions Our results indicate that undernutrition in slum-dwelling adults in Bangladesh is associated with numerous physiological and sociodemographic factors, including evidence of gastrointestinal inflammation and altered intestinal permeability.

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Khan, A. K. M. Ziaur Rahman, and Muhammad Zakaria. "An Appraisal of Husband’s Support for Contraceptive Use in Low Resource Setting of Chattogram City, Bangladesh." Asia Social Issues 15, no. 3 (December 17, 2021): 251865. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/asi.2022.251865.

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This study aimed to explore the current status concerning the roles of husbands in family planning and to identify the associated factors in the slum areas of Chattogram city in Bangladesh. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the women living in different slums (N = 400) of Chattogram city. Data were collected using a structured and facilitator-administered questionnaire. Cross tabulation with chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 24.0. This study revealed that 70.5% of the husbands supported wives’ contraceptive use. This study explored that husbands’ having education (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.42-4.22), having two children (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.18-0.76) and more than two children (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09-0.50), more utility facility in the slum areas (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.15-4.68), a good relationship between husband and wife (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.13-3.44), commencing reproductive health communication after the birth of the second child (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19-0.99), respondents’ having moderate knowledge on RH (OR =4.46, 95% CI: 2.10-9.46) and husbands’ visiting any health center to take wives’ reproductive health care (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.06-4.09) were the predictors for supporting their wives in terms of contraceptive use.

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Hanif, Abu Abdullah Mohammad, Abu Ahmed Shamim, Md Mokbul Hossain, Mehedi Hasan, Md Showkat Ali Khan, Moyazzam Hossaine, Mohammad Aman Ullah, et al. "Gender-specific prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among elderly Bangladeshi people: findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e038326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038326.

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ObjectiveWe aimed to estimate the gender-specific prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among elderly people in Bangladesh.Design and methodWe analysed data from the food security and nutrition surveillance round 2018–2019. The multistage cluster sampling method was used to select the study population. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg and/or having a history of hypertension. We carried out the descriptive analysis, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to report the weighted prevalence of hypertension as well as crude and adjusted ORs with 95% CI. A p value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.SettingThe study was conducted in 82 clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban and 10 slums) in all eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh.ParticipantsA total of 2482 males and 2335 females aged ≥60 years were included in this analysis.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of hypertension was 42% and 56% among males and females, respectively. The prevalence was higher among females across all sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical strata. Factors associated with higher odds of hypertension (adjusted OR (AOR) (95% CI) for males and females, respectively) were age ≥70 years (1.32 (1.09, 1.60) and 1.40 (1.15, 1.71)); insufficient physical activity (1.50 (1.25, 1.81) and 1.38 (1.15, 1.67)); higher waist circumference (2.76 (2.22, 3.43) and 2.20 (1.82, 2.67)); and self-reported diabetes (1.36 (1.02, 1.82) and 1.82 (1.35, 2.45)). Additionally, living in slums decreased (0.71 (0.52, 0.96)) and education >10 years increased odds of hypertension (1.83 (1.38, 2.44)) among males.ConclusionIn Bangladesh, half of the elderly persons were hypertensive, with a higher prevalence in females. In both sexes, odds of hypertension was higher among persons with older age (≥70 years), insufficient physical activity, higher waist circumference and self-reported diabetes. The Ministry of Health of Bangladesh should consider these findings while designing and implementing health programmes for elderly population.

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Pryer, Jane A., Stephen Rogers, Charles Normand, and Ataur Rahman. "Livelihoods, nutrition and health in Dhaka slums." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 5 (October 2002): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2002335.

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Abstract:Objectives:To identify groups within Dhaka slums that report similar patterns of livelihood, and to explore nutritional and health status.Design:A random sample of households participated in a longitudinal study in 1995–1997. Socio-economic and morbidity data were collected monthly by questionnaire and nutritional status was assessed. Cluster analysis was used to aggregate households into livelihood groups.Setting:Dhaka slums, Bangladesh.Subjects:Five-hundred and fifty-nine households.Main outcome measures: Socio-economic and demographic variables, nutritional status, morbidity.Results:Four livelihood groups were identified. Cluster 1 (n = 178) was the richest cluster with land, animals, business assets and savings. Loans as well as income were higher, which shows that this group was credit-worthy. The group was mainly selfemployed and worked more days per month than the other clusters. The cluster had the second highest body mass index (BMI) score, and the highest children's nutrition status. Cluster 2 (n = 190) was a poor cluster and was mainly dependent selfemployed. Savings and loans were lower. Cluster 3 (n = 124) was the most vulnerable cluster. Members of this group were mainly casual unskilled, and 40% were femaleheaded households. Total income and expenditure were lowest amongst the clusters. BMI and children's nutritional status were lowest in the slum. Cluster 4 (n = 67) was the second richest cluster. This group comprised skilled workers. BMI was the highest in this cluster and children's nutritional status was second highest.Conclusions:Cluster analysis has identified four groups that differed in terms of socioeconomic, demographic and nutritional status and morbidity. The technique could be a practically useful tool of relevance to the development, monitoring and targeting of vulnerable households by public policy in Bangladesh.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Slums – Bangladesh'

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