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1
Sinha, Abhijat. "Community development for effective slum upgrading : case study: Indore habitat project, Indore, India." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22549.
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Community participation has become an integral part of housing strategy for low income populations of the developing world. In the last three decades, it has gone beyond community involvement in cost recovery, sweat equity or participation in planning, to encompass a large agenda seeking simultaneous social, economic and physical community development.Upgrading settlements of low income urban populations by in-situ infrastructure provision is aimed at bettering access to basic amenities and creation of sustainable living environments. However, evaluations of implemented projects indicate vast gaps between project aims and results, especially with regards to those components that are sensitive to local socioeconomic and political contexts, like community development.
Bearing this is in mind, an upgrading project in Indore, India, with a strong community development component was taken up for research. The study evaluated the effectiveness of community development in the improvement of living environments, by comparing project objectives with outcomes. Eight slums covered under the project were surveyed to determine community response to upgrading. The results indicated that inadequate attention was given to community development, despite its potential in improving living conditions in human settlements. Suggestions for improvement of future implementation and areas for further research have been identified.
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Ramakrishnan, Kavita Laxmi. "Stalled futures : aspirations and belonging in a Delhi resettlement colony." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708753.
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Hammam, Jasmine. "Investigating a Social Entrepreneurial Business Model in India and its Applicability to Wider Contexts." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277223.
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Social entrepreneurship has grown in popularity since Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in the year 2006. Pollinate Energy is an Australian social business working to improve the lives of the urban poor in India. The purpose of this study is to investigate the portability of the organisation’s business model to other geographical locations, e.g what adjustments might be needed if transferring and implementing the concept in new cities and locations. A qualitative case study approach was conducted by gathering experiences from Bangalore through interviews and secondary sources and field observations from a field study conducted in Hyderabad, India. The results indicate that the local cultural context shapes the structure of the concept. It was found to be easier to establish relationships through products with immediate tangible benefits, which indicates that products are highly context dependent. Therefore, local trials of products are needed for the concept to be effective. Moreover, further investigations of the model would be required if the concept were to be transferred to other geographical locations. The model can generate spin-off effects contributing to development, and can thus be a catalyst for social change.
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Chidambaram, Soundarya. "Welfare, Patronage, and the Rise Of Hindu Nationalism in India's Urban Slums." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1325189441.
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Andavarapu, Deepika. "Victims or Survivors: A View of Resilience from Slum-Dwellers Perspective (A Case Of Pedda-Jalaripeta, India)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1468511965.
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Sidharth, Juhi. "Love and longing in Mumbai slums : an exploration of the understanding and experience of sexuality among unmarried young women." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648636.
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Tovey, Kathryn Signe. "The institutional responses to the water needs of the urban poor : a study of collective action in Delhi slums, India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620658.
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Desai, Vandana. "Aspects of community participation among slum dwellers in achieving housing in Bombay." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d4839cdd-effd-4ff2-975a-9a73c7b31d75.
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This thesis is concerned with the housing and service needs of the poor (slum dwellers) in Bombay and how they are articulated and satisfied. It discusses how the poor perceive the constraints on slum servicing and improvement, their involvement in community organizations, and the role the community and its leaders play in influencing state action. Since housing and servicing issues directly impinge on the interests of politicians and bureaucrats as well as on those of the poor, patterns of provision mirror closely the nature of the relationship between the poor and how political and administrative power operates at various levels. Chapter 1 provides the research aims and objectives while Chapter 2 reviews the literature on community participation. Chapter 3 on Bombay places housing development in context and also serves as background study to the thesis. This research studies three different slum settlements housing migrants to Bombay. Two surveys of these three slum settlements were carried out, involving interviews with 135 households. Chapter 4 describes the characteristics of these households, while chapters 5, 6, and 7 give the arguments of the thesis. It is shown that, despite an established system of representative community organisations and a pro-participation rhetoric in bureaucratic discourse, most slum dwellers are excluded from participating in decision-making. A patron-client relationship exists between politicians, bureaucrats and community leaders, both in determining the community leaders' power as well as the level of services and physical benefits that he/she could win for the slum community. Leaders are generally better educated, better employed, more prosperous and highly motivated than most of their community. The NGO in this study has acted mainly as intermediary between the government and the slum-dwellers.
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Sugarman, Michael William. "Slums, squatters and urban redevelopment schemes in Bombay, Hong Kong, and Singapore, 1894-1960." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276904.
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My research examines the interconnected histories of urbanism and urban development in port cities across South and Southeast Asia. Chapter one examines the effects of the third plague pandemic on the quotidian livelihoods and the built environments of the urban poor across Bombay, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Considering corporeal measures to inspect the bodies and homes of the urban poor and measures to introduce urban ‘improvement’ schemes, this chapter argues that plague sparked a sustained interest in the urban conditions of the poor across British South and Southeast Asia. Chapter two considers the works of the Bombay Improvement Trust, Rangoon Development Trust, and Singapore Improvement Trust through the early decades of the twentieth century and analyses how an imperial urbanism based on a ‘Bombay model’ translated to Singapore and other port cities across the Indian Ocean world. Chapter three considers the consequences of the second wave of ‘indirect’ attacks on urban slums on an evolving imperial urbanism in Bombay, Rangoon, and Singapore. While previous chapters examined the emergence of an imperial urbanism centred on Bombay’s example, chapter four considers the extent to which Bombay remained central to this urbanism during the late 1930s and Second World War. Analysing the divergent consequences of patterns of urban growth in Bombay, Hong Kong, and Singapore throughout the late-1930s, this chapter considers late-colonial efforts to house the urban poor as well as the extent to which the war recast the post-war housing situation. Chapter five contextualises post-war rhetoric of economic and urban development in Hong Kong and Singapore within narratives of pre-war urban ‘improvement’. In connecting pre-war and post-war approaches to accommodating the urban poor, the final chapter considers the reorientation of earlier circulations of knowledge around urban poverty in port cities and its implications for emerging post-colonial regional, national and urban identities.
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Nagarajan, G. S. "Effectiveness of an integrated model of community based rehabilitation on the quality of life of people with disabilities residing in urban slums South India." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2009. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/2776/.
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Disability has a profound impact on a person's quality of life (QOL). Rehabilitation, a process by which measures are taken to improve the QOL of people with disability (PWD) uses several approaches. Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) is one such approach, which evolved because of the magnitude of the problems of PWD in the community, the limited availability and poor access of rehabilitation services. Research in CBR is limited and hence there is lack of evidence on outcomes in CBR. Considering the need for more information on current practice and research in CBR, the researcher studied the effectiveness of an integrated model of CBR set up in the Christian Medical College, Vellore, South India (VCBR). The objectives of this study were to generate theory on the value of an `integrated model' that uses an educational strategy and to explore the value of secondary and tertiary care services for PWD in a community based rehabilitation programme for the improvement of their quality of life. A 'Case Study' design was used. The practitioner role of the researcher added an important component to this study. An in depth study of 20 PWD, their immediate family members, concerned trained volunteers (LS) and others who were involved in VCBR was undertaken in addition to observation and reference of documents. Qualitative Analysis was undertaken based on the Framework Technique. The quality of life of PWD and the role of secondary and tertiary care centres in VCBR were studied. In this study the realist approach, which takes note of the contextual elements in the evaluation of case study materials, showed that overall QOL of PWD will not improve to its full potential if solutions are mooted from polarized viewpoints. The study found that an integrated model of CBR that uses an educational strategy, has good links with secondary/tertiary care centres and makes use of social network/capital, which is available in the community, improved the overall QOL of PWD.
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Patel, Maya Laxmi. "Exploring the Impacts of Slum Dwelling for Indian Women." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32074.
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Background: Urbanization is increasing around the world, and in India this trend has translated into an increase in the size of slum dwellings. Slum environments may have a negative effect on human health, in particular women’s health. The objective of the study is to determine factors associated with Indian women’s health in slum environments. Methods: The relationship between women’s health, measured by BMI, and demographic, behavioural, and socioeconomic factors was statistically modelled. A multiple linear regression was performed, using data from the India National Family Health Survey. Results: Increasing BMI is significantly and positively associated with: frequency of watching television, having diabetes, age, wealth index, and residency status in the areas of New Delhi, Andhra Pradesh or Tamil Nadu. Conclusion: While belonging to a scheduled tribe was not associated with changes in BMI, unadjusted rates suggest that tribal status may be worthy of deeper investigation. Among slum dwellers, there is a double-burden of under-nutrition and over-nutrition. Therefore a diverse set of interventions will be required to improve the health outcomes of these women.
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Pandya, Yatin. "Slum houses as a user responsive product : a case study, Indore, India." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61958.
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Cronin, Victoria Louise Molly. "Slum upgrading in India and Kenya : investigating the sustainability." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/242378.
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Slums are informal housing settlements commonly found in urban areas of developing countries which are characterised by poor shelter, low service provision and lacking in security of tenure. Slums are growing and new slums are forming. The international development community has been actively working to improve the living conditions of slum-dwellers and to reduce poverty via slum upgrading methods. There are various slum upgrading delivery models and approaches to tackle the urbanisation of poverty in developing countries. Many adaptive and proactive measures have been implemented through a variety of slum upgrading initiatives and partnerships; however there has been limited investigation of the longer term sustainability of such interventions. This research follows a qualitative methodology to investigate the sustainability of differing slum upgrading interventions. Four case studies have been examined; two in Kenya and two in India, demonstrating a range of physical upgrading approaches. Alternative slum upgrading delivery models have been selected covering housing rehabilitation and in-situ water and sanitation upgrading and demonstrating top-down and bottom-up approaches. The case studies are of varying ages and were implemented via partnerships with differing agents including government, NGO, CBO, private developer and donors. The influence and design of the delivery model upon the upgrading sustainability has been assessed via stakeholder perception during extensive fieldwork. The data gathered has been analysed according to four key themes; status of life for slum-dwellers today, perception of upgrading success, institutional reform from external factors and development aspirations. Data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with slum-dwellers and project stakeholders using a ground-level methodology that enabled the capture of personal and honest accounts. Analysis of the data has found that there are many misconceptions around slums which can affect the sustainability of measures to upgrade informal settlements. The way that international development organisations and westerners view slums is often very particular and not always resonant with the way that slum-dwellers view their living situation. Priorities for development are not always consistent across stakeholders. For sustainability, any slum upgrading activity must be sensitive to the situation of an individual community and culture, and not assume that the residents are unhappy living in desperate poverty, as it has been shown, many choose to reside in a slum. Slums may be dirty, poorly serviced and overcrowded but are also places of great human energy, community spirit, kindness, hard-working, creative and happy places that many consider home.
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Nagarajan, Kaaviyaa Palaniandavan. "From Organic to Organized:A Rehabilitation of Nochikuppam Slum, Chennai, India." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1511858363441914.
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Manandhar, Mary Catherine. "Undernutrition and impaired functional ability amongst elderly slum dwellers in Mumbai, India." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367911.
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Woiwode, Christoph. "Urban risk communication in Ahmedabad, India : between slum dwellers and the municipal corporation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445152/.
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Since rapid urban growth forces poor households to settle in highly congested urban areas, slum dwellers are increasingly vulnerable due to a multiplicity of hazards rooted in the environment, nature, health, society and the urban economy. Hitherto, the understanding of urban risks and the vulnerability of inhabitants has been an underrepresented subject in urban planning. The different reasoning and rationales of slum dwellers, municipal authorities and other actors provide each with different perceptions of risks. This study focuses on the communication of urban risks between two slum communities and the Municipal Corporation of Ahmedabad by examining endeavours in slum improvement and more responsive urban governance. In using a conceptual framework that synthesises socio-cultural approaches to risk, communication theories and collaborative planning theory, the thesis points out the deficiencies and potentials of risk communication in long-term urban development planning. Currently urban risk management is not recognised as an integrated, cross-sectoral topic by the Municipal Corporation. Due to the structural fabric of the administration and the lack of capacity and guidance, the notion of risk is based on conventional approaches to disaster risk management with responsibilities spread across various departments. By contrast, slum dwellers have a much more integrated understanding of the micro-level risk conditions in which they live and work. The findings of this study suggest that a meaningful two-way communication process can only take place if the interaction of stakeholders is understood in terms of human relationships that go beyond techno-bureaucratic co-ordination and the prevalent notion of mono-directional communication. This concept of communication is underpinned by values such as trust, fairness, credibility and justice in interaction in the context of urban governance. The research approach and the findings suggest areas for improved policy making and further research. The outcome of the research especially contributes to a better understanding of urban risk situations in the social and cultural contexts of poor communities in India. Hence this investigation may be viewed as a potential basis for generating practical guidelines for mitigation policies and their links to urban governance.
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Das, Ashok Kumar. "Lofty ideal, hefty deal empowerment through participatory slum upgrading in India and Indonesia /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679308191&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mitra, Mahima. "To take up or not to take up? : government early years services in India and their utilization by working mothers in a Delhi slum." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:581a1e04-e343-422a-a4f0-bb447b67d965.
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This study of early years services in India explores the take-up of the government ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services Scheme) and RGNCS (Rajiv Gandhi National Crèche Scheme), and the factors affecting their uptake by working mothers in a Delhi slum. Policy cannot assess programme outcomes effectively without understanding how services are implemented. Existing literature indicates that programme impact is related to programme take-up, with non-take-up being a complex phenomenon affected by factors operating at multiple levels of the policy process. The study makes original contributions by examining user perspectives on early childhood education and care (ECEC) in the Indian context; in being the first to research any aspect of the RGNCS; and in utilizing Critical Realism as the underlying philosophical, theoretical and methodological paradigm for studying programme uptake. It poses five research questions that examine mothers' childcare arrangements and needs/expectations from services, their take-up of government programmes and component services, and the combination of factors affecting uptake. Study findings are based on surveys with 200 working mothers and 37 children's centre workers, and interviews with 15 policy experts. Findings reveal childcare arrangements and needs/expectations to vary by family structure, child's age, and mother's age and employment. ICDS uptake is found to be higher (54.3% of all mothers), than RGNCS (18.6%). An explanatory framework for analysing take-up reveals that low take-up results from a combination of multiple factors, most significantly programme characteristics for the ICDS, and participant characteristics for the RGNCS. Two theoretical frameworks frame this analysis - Wolman's (1981) determinants of programme success and failure, and the 'barriers and bridges' to programme uptake. Critical policy analysis further identifies the effects of the policy meaning-making processes, and the role of local 'street-level bureaucrats' in take-up. Both programmes display 'conflicted policy success' vis-à-vis take-up when categorised using McConnell's (2010) criteria for programme 'success' and 'failure'. Policy implications include strategies for increasing programme uptake, and a policy focus upon service users and women in the informal economy, recognition of the dual role of ECEC, and the importance of evidence-creation for interactive governance.
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Cook, Joseph H. Whittington Dale. "Are cholera and typhoid vaccines a good investment for a slum in Kolkata, India?" Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1224.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 26, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering." Discipline: Environmental Sciences and Engineering; Department/School: Public Health.
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Rawoot, Smita. "Governance at the margins : the challenge of implementing slum housing policy in Maharashtra, India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99089.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 138-140).
Building Services for the Urban Poor (BSUP) is an in-situ slum housing up-gradation policy that was initiated in 2005 by the Central Government of India under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). It is one of the few housing policies in the long history of slum housing policies in India where housing provision for the poor is linked to governance reform (i.e., governance building at the city level). Today (2015) the first phase of the program is complete and the second phase more than 50% complete. A study of the BSUP phase-1 projects offers a unique opportunity to understand the impact of governance building on policy implementation, one of the areas of policy analysis that has been relatively less studied in India. This thesis develops a comparative study of two projects recently completed under the BSUP program in Yerwada in Pune city in Maharashtra. The thesis expands the notion of governance from the community (the governed) and the government (the governing) binary to all the co-governance actors involved in the multi-agency implementation system: the private for-profit agents, the civil society agencies, the community, the local political actors, technical consultants and the administrators. The research demonstrates that a governance building process that allows for transparency, efficiency, representation, responsiveness, accountability and equity can support successful policy implementation. To support these values defining the implementation "process" is as important as establishing the "structure", wherein structure defines the architecture of institutions that support implementation and process defines the mechanism of decision making, the strategy for shaping attitudes and methods of norm creation. In conclusion the case demonstrates that governance building can accomplish successful implementation of public policy in marginal conditions with marginal institutional and stakeholder capacities.
by Smita Rawoot.
M.C.P.
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Dinoy, Ashvini Mary. "An Urban Koliwada: Redevelopment of a Fishing Village in Mumbai, India." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85014.
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"Looked into the streets - the glaring lights and the tall buildings - and there I conceived Metropolis" exclaimed the Austrian filmmaker Fritz Lang at the sight of New York. This visit inspired him while creating the sets and background for the radical movie Metropolis released in 1927. Taken right after World War I, the movie set in 2026 was heavily symbolic with German expressionism and it captured a projected socio-economic condition which was a direct result of the fears of the people at that time. The working class lived in subterranean spaces distraught with mundane labor while the affluent lived in skyscrapers and exotic terraced gardens and drove around in elevated highways. The city seemed to be this well-oiled machine existing only to cater to the needs of the upper class. The poor eventually try to overthrow the rich. The movie finally ends with the message of hope, that the mediator would create harmony among the classes and create peaceful coexistence.
The city of Mumbai in 2018 is in many ways - the Metropolis. When a city develops, it does not seem to cater to all sects of people. In fact, there seems to be a parallel relationship between the size of the city and its level of socio-economic disparity: the larger the city the less equal it tends to be. More often than not, the true soul of the city lies within that lower stratum of society who often live in slum-like settlements.
Can architecture play the Mediator and bring about a connect?Master of Architecture
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Edvardsson, Jacob. "Recycle Dharavi : A sanitary upgrade." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71660.
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Two things struck me during my time in Dharavi. The first was the bad public health and the second the ingenuity and entrepreneurial spirit of the people who lived there. The health issues, a result of inadequate sanitation, can be directly linked to the shortage of toilets. For every toilet there are a thousand users and because of this over a quarter of the people in Dharavi choose instead to publicly defecate. On the other side of the coin however, stands Dharavi’s remarkable recycling industry and in Dharavi alone 80% of Mumbai’s plastic waste is recycled and given new use. The concept revolves around recyclability and combining industry with sanitation; recycling the produced waste and generating income. If there’s a way to profit from human waste it is likely that people would go to certain lengths to collect the necessary material. By removing the waste and converting it to humanure, positive side effect would include cleaner streets and in general a healthier population. The idea is therefore to build a waste management facility where income is generated through the collected waste and used to improve the surrounding community. In this proposed space you can go to the toilet, throw away your trash and food waste and even use the functions provided to do chores or simply relax. The food and human waste from toilets could be used as fertilizer and sold for a profit or perhaps even used as fuel. The garbage could be collected and sorted on spot and then sold onwards for further refinement.
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Akhter, Feroz Raisin. "Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for Sustainable Urban Development : A Study on Slum Population of Kota, India." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108959.
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The urban centres are becoming more vulnerable to climate change because of the rapid urbanization and the inequality of urban development. This study assesses the urban vulnerability in an integrated approach focusing the slum people as the targeted group. The slum people are severely exposed to climate risks in terms of city‟s overall development. The negative indications of the indicators of person‟s vulnerability represent their high sensitivity to the adverse impact of climate change. The determinants of adaptive capacity also confirm that the slum people are more vulnerable to climate change with having lower adaptive capacity; though, the city is possessing high development indexes. In this context, an institutional structure is developed to build multi-level urban climate governance with the involvement of all relevant stakeholders based on the case study and literature review to integrate the vulnerable group in development planning for climate change adaptation.
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Restrepo, Cadavid Paula. "The impacts of slum policies on households' welfare : the case of Medellin (Colombia) and Mumbai (India)." Paris, ENMP, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00711971.
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Les politiques à l'égard de l'habitat illégal jouent un rôle central dans l'effort de réduction de la pauvreté à l'échelle locale et nationale ; étant donné que la pauvreté devient de plus en plus un phénomène urbain. Cependant; la réduction de la pauvreté est rarement définie comme objectif principal des politiques des bidonvilles; mais est une conséquence indirecte de leur application. Cette thèse a comme objectif l'amélioration de la compréhension des effets des politiques à l'égard des bidonvilles sur le bien-être des ménages. Deux cas d'études sont abordés: le Schéma de Réhabilitation des Bidonvilles (SRB) à Mumbai (Inde) et les Projets Urbains Intégraux (PUI) à Medellin (Colombie). Entre autre; nous répondons aux questions suivantes : Quelles sont les causes de la mobilité résidentielle post-réhabilitation ? Quels sont les impacts de la SRB sur l'accès au crédit ? Quels sont les effets des projets de renouvellement urbain sur le niveau de consolidation des logements ? Nous utilisons des méthodologies récentes d'économie empirique permettant de comparer des groupes bénéficiaires des politiques à des groupes non-bénéficiaires. Dans le cas de Mumbai, une enquête a été réalisée par l'auteur auprès de 510 ménages dans 9 bidonvilles cibles de la politique SRB; celle-ci ayant été mise en place dans quatre d'entre eux. Dans le cas de Medellin trois sources d'information ont été utilisés (L'Enquête Qualité de Vie; l'Enquête Medellin Solidaria et l'Enquête SISBEN) permettant le suivi d'un ensemble de bénéficiaires et de non-bénéficiaires des politiques; avant et après les opérations de rénovation urbaineSlum policies play an important role in poverty alleviation efforts at the local scale and at the national scale - as poverty becomes increasingly 'urban' phenomena. However, poverty reduction is rarely positioned as the main objective of slum policies and, when occurring, is an indirect result of their application. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a more complete understanding of how slum policies affect households' welfare. To explore these issues, two slum-upgrading interventions are used as case studies: the Slum Rehabilitation Scheme in Mumbai (India) and Urban Integral Projects in Medellin (Colombia). This research has addressed issues ranging from the causes of post-rehabilitation residential mobility to the impacts of slum rehabilitation on households' access to credit as well as the effects of Urban Renewal Projects on housing consolidation. We used recent evolution in empirical economics methodologies that allow comparing policy beneficiaries to non-beneficiaries. In the case of Mumbai a household's survey was carried out by the author in 9 slum pockets, 4 of which had already been rehabilitated and 5 to-be rehabilitated slums. In the case of Medellin household level information was obtained from three secondary sources (the Quality of Life Survey, the Medellin Solidaria Survey and the SISBEN Survey) that allowed following a set of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries before and after Urban Renewal Projects took place
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Larsson, Emma, and Maja Nilsson. "Towards sustainable sanitation in slum areas : A field study in Mumbai." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96362.
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Globally, there are 2.5 billion people who do not have access to improved sanitation. One third of these people are living in India. Bad sanitation is both undignified and causes the spread of diseases like diarrhoea. It is a large challenge to handle the problematic situation with sanitation, especially in urban areas. Sustainable sanitary systems that are energy self-sufficient and do not require sewage system are needed. There are new techniques with this in mind that are under development. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the possibilities to implement a sustainable sanitary system in slum areas of Mumbai. The chosen area and existing sanitary techniques is investigated in the literature study. To understand the user requirements and their living situation, a field study is performed in slum areas of Mumbai. Interviews are held with experts from organisations working with the sanitary situation in the area to get a deeper understanding about their experiences. The sanitary situation today is not well functioning, a new way of solving the problem is needed and it has to happen soon. Through an analysis of the empirical findings, three different sanitary situations are presented. It is important that each area is investigated to identify what situation there is, before building new sanitary facilities. To achieve a more sustainable sanitation, one system for each of the three situations should be developed. Requirements for each of the situations are presented and they all have two things in common, the toilet is shared between a determined amount of people and the user has the responsibility for the maintenance. From a cross mapping between the investigated sanitary techniques and the requirements for the three situations, it is clarified what techniques that are suitable in which context. No one of the investigated techniques is a perfect match and further development is needed. One of the sanitary situations is taken further through concept development. The concepts are compared against the requirements to identify the best concept. The best concept with modifications is visualised to exemplify how it may be designed. In the comparison between the requirements and concepts, gaps in the design and issues for further development are identified. The core of this master thesis is to emphasise the importance of having a holistic approach concerning the sanitary situation. It is important that new techniques are being developed with a close connection to the users and the specific environment. By investing money in more sustainable systems, the situation for the slum residents in Mumbai can be improved and at the same time contribute to a more sustainable society.
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Tsujita, Yuko. "Education, poverty and schooling : a study of Delhi slum dwellers." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/49668/.
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Poverty reduction and Education for All (EFA) are important policy issues in many developing countries as they are both Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). As the existing literature suggests, education positively influences poverty reduction, while poverty, or low income, adversely affects the quality and quantity of education. Accordingly, if education fails to facilitate poverty reduction, the following generation's schooling is likely to be adversely affected, thus perpetuating a vicious education–poverty circle. It was against such a background, and employing a mixed methods approach to data collection and analysis, that this study investigated the relationship between education and multidimensional poverty at an individual as well as household level, and the influence of deprivation on children's education, in the context of the slum in Delhi, India. The thesis reveals that education – particularly primary and middle schooling – enhances the earnings of male slum dwellers in particular, the overwhelming majority of whom suffer from informality and instability of employment. It also emerges that education plays an important role in the ability to participate with confidence in the public sphere. At the household level, education proves to have a positive association with monetary poverty, but a higher level of education per se does not necessarily facilitate escape from non-monetary poverty. In such a nexus of poverty and education, the thesis found that household wealth in association with social group and migration status tends to be positively correlated with child schooling, education expenditure, and basic learning. There may be a chance of escaping poverty through education, but such a likelihood is limited for those households that are underprivileged in terms of caste and religion owing to slow progress in basic learning, as well as migrant households due to lack of access to schooling. The thesis concludes by proposing some education policies drawn from the major findings of the study that may be implemented in the Indian slum context.
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Punjani, Shahid (Shahid Nazmudin) 1976. "Providing security of tenure to the urban poor : investigating the roots of slum improvement in Hyderabad, India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69442.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves [71]-74).
This thesis is concerned with the relationship between urban land reform and large-scale slum improvement in Hyderabad, India. It forges a link between citywide slum improvement in the 1980s and efforts to guarantee the occupancy rights of squatters a decade earlier. More than twenty-five years have passed since the city undertook land reform. This distance offers an opportunity to re-examine the history of land reform and its impact on slum improvement and the city in general. Studies interested in learning from Hyderabad's experience often credit the "political will" of the Government of Andhra Pradesh or the Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad for the success of urban land reform in the city. In contrast, this thesis argues that Communist-led social movements, beginning as early as the 1940s, were a major influence in convincing the polity to acknowledge the land rights of the poor. In this way, political will is not equivalent to public benevolence or the charisma of a handful of decision makers; instead it emerges from challenging the political status quo. With the historical antecedents of land reform in mind, the thesis then investigates the current status of slums in the city. It concludes by enumerating conditions and caveats for cities contemplating the replication of Hyderabad's model for slum improvement and land reform.
by Shahid Punjani.
M.C.P.
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Samad, Taimur. "Institutional synergies in the delivery of urban upgrading services : lessons from the Slum Networking Program in Ahmedabad, India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37470.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-73).
This thesis examines factors associated with the limited success of the Slum Networking Project (SNP) implemented in the city of Ahmedabad, India between 1995 and 2001. The SNP was conceived as a partnership between associations of slum residents, the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), trade unions and the private sector with the aim to increase access to basic services in slums. This analysis reflects upon three central assumptions in the literature associated with service delivery to the urban poor through the lens of the SNP experience. First, the thesis asks why a promising and innovative public-private partnership ultimately proved unsustainable. The thesis suggests that public-private partnerships in service delivery to slums are most likely to work when: (i) the likelihood of conflict is recognized and mitigated; and (ii) participants have strong professional or economic incentives - beyond philanthropy - to make the partnership work. Second, this thesis examines how participation and community involvement under the SNP evolved in a nonlinear fashion.
(cont.) This analysis demonstrates that participation and beneficiary involvement emerged out of conflict. negotiation and with the critical, if imperfect, assistance of third-party facilitation and intermediation. Third, this thesis asks why the SNP has been unable to achieve scale through and assessment of: (i) parallel mechanisms for service delivery to the poor and the political incentives that govern these programs; and (ii) the demand for the bundling of service options under the SNP. The thesis demonstrates that the attractiveness of the SNP to slum dwellers is tempered by both the lack of flexibility in service options and competing alternative instruments for service provision, each with a strong political constituency.
by Taimur Samad.
M.C.P.
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Yousafzai, Aisha Khizar. "The nutritional status of disabled children living in Dharavi, an Indian urban slum in Mumbai." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248078.
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Ramanath, Ramya. "From Conflict to Collaboration: Nongovernmental Organizations and their Negotiations for Local Control of Slum and Squatter Housing in Mumbai, India." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28167.
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Interorganizational arrangements, such as partnerships between non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and governmental organizations (GOs), are increasingly regarded by policymakers as critical to effective social sector development. This is particularly true in the arena of housing provision for residents of slums and squatter settlements. The recent pursuit of collaboration between NGOs and government housing agencies in large urban agglomerations such as Mumbai, India marks a significant shift from the adversarial climate that previously characterized NGO-GO interactions. In other words, NGOs engaged in housing issues appear to be evolving from ''housing rights advocates'' to ''housing developers''. However, very little research has examined the struggles and pressures facing organizations as they travel from confrontational to collaborative relationships. This dissertation provides an empirical and theoretical basis for examining the evolution of NGO-GO relationships over time and, in doing so, links research on urban political economy of housing to research on organizational life cycles and strategic institutional change.
Two questions are central to the dissertation: 1) How do shifts in state housing policies influence the strategies pursued by advocacy NGOs in housing the poor? 2) What are the factors that influence the emergence and sustenance of NGO-government housing partnerships? To address these, I use a multiple-case study analysis of critical incidents in the history (from 1981 to 2003) of three NGOs in Mumbai: Nivara Hakk Suraksha Samiti, Youth for Unity and Voluntary Action, and Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centres. In addition, I examine five state and city level housing authorities. The dissertation's findings address three broad themes of literature: i) NGO-GO Interaction Styles; ii) Institutional Isomorphism; and, iii) NGO Development Continuum. Findings related to these broad streams of literature suggest that NGO behavior is shaped both by public policy orientation and by internal strategies and decisions. In efforts to gain and retain legitimacy, NGOs will likely use multiple interaction styles both simultaneously and sequentially. Analysis of internal institutional processes in NGOs suggests that organizational responses to isomorphic demands are circumscribed by path-dependent factors and the variability in NGO resource environments. NGO development strategies have evolved towards greater complexity and sophistication.Ph. D.
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Nordström, Säfsten Lisa. "Incremental Diversity : Building for people migrating into cities." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71657.
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If we don't take care of how people are moving into cities, it will continue happen in the form of slums. This project is an attempt, a start in the search of finding a typeology that we clearly need.
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Lindgren, Oscar. "Security of tenure in incremental development : A case study of informal settlements in Pune, India." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103260.
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The author Mike Davis has labelled our entire globe as a planet of slums. This hesis aims to provide some insights to the research field of slum rehabilitation, and thus contribution to efforts to make our globe slum free. The United Nations states that security of tenure is one of the essential preconditions for improvements in slums. The statement comes with support from academic research, which highlights the relation between secure tenure and a slums physical quality. Out of these messages two hypotheses are formulated and tested throughout the thesis; one theoretical, the other empirical. The theoretical section holds that tenure should be studied according to property rights and tenure status, that interventions for slum rehabilitation should support the dwellers efforts of incremental development, that tenure is granted in both the informal and formal land market, and that there are several causalities between secure tenure and the quality of housing and infrastructure. The case study examines 208 informal settlements in terms of their living conditions in the city of Pune, India. The thesis draws on empirical data in the form of a citywide slum survey that has been made available by the non-governmental organisations, Maharashtra Action League and CHF International, both of which operate in Pune. The empirical section reveals that secure tenure does not influence housing quality at all, that secure tenure just slightly influences available infrastructure in a settlement, and that urban planners are able to support a sustainable and incremental rehabilitation of slums by focusing on tenure security.
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Morelli, Giovanni, and Bianca Baccarini. "Social square: progetto di riqualificazione dell'area Banganga Tank a Mumbai." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16994/.
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Mumbai, città con la maggiore ricchezza dello stato, vede il 60% dei suoi abitanti vivere negli slum che si distribuiscono sul suo territorio e che si confrontano con un numero sempre più alto di grattacieli costruiti, spesso vuoti a causa del loro prezzo inaccessibile.
L’area di Walkeshwar, è stata fin dalla sua fondazione riservata ad un ceto sociale elitario, immersa nella vegetazione che caratterizza anche gran parte dell’area e dalla cisterna del Banganga, meta ambita dei pellegrini e dei turisti.
L'area di studio presenza di un grande insediamento informale litoraneo che si oppone ad una serie di edifici a torre, generando contrasti forti e rendendo il tessuto disgregato. “Social Square” si pone come duplice obiettivo la valorizzazione di un'importante emergenza architettonica, la Banganga, e la riqualificazione dello slum, privo di opere di urbanizzazione ed a rischio allagamento.
L’antica cisterna viene inserita all’interno di un sistema più ampio per potenziarne potenziate le connessioni. Attraverso la costruzione di cinque padiglioni e di un teatro a cielo aperto, adiacenti alla vasca, viene inoltre riqualificato e ampliato il disegno dello spazio pubblico offrendo nuove possibilità aggregative.
In linea con l’interpretazione della vita quotidiana in India, la riqualificazione dello slum riporta l’attenzione sullo studio delle relazioni tra spazio privato e pubblico: il progetto plasma lo spazio aperto, sempre attraversabile per creare una rete di percorsi, spazi, legami sociali. Configurando una grande piazza frammentata si offrono nuovi scenari urbani.
L’insediamento residenziale segue i principi dell’architettura incrementale e dell’autocostruzione per contenere i costi di edificazione, garantendo tempi di costruzione rapidi. Il progetto per Walkeshwar dimostra come le risorse della comunità possano contribuire alla riqualificazione di un’intera area che potrebbe diventare, in un futuro prossimo, un importante polo attrattivo per la città di Mumbai.
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Hernbäck, Joel. "Influence of Urban Form on Co-presence in Public Space : A Space Syntax Analysis of Informal Settlements in Pune, India." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102424.
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This master thesis is intended as a contribution to the understanding of the influence urban form has on urban life and by extension social structures in society, by focusing on gender relations and their reflections on the use of public space. In addition, the aim of the study is to do so in relation to a comparison between two different types of urban environments; one slum area that can be regarded as formally unplanned with an irregular gradually grown street network and one slum area of more deliberately planned character with a more regular street grid. With the use of quantitative methods, such as space syntax, structured observations and correlations studies, differences in co-presence between women and men, in the form of staying in public space, and between the areas are discovered. With the addition of qualitative methods, such as interviews and unstructured observations, as well as a review of the context in which the study is set and a theoretical discourse the reasons behind the differences is discussed. It is suggested that the blurred distinctions between private and public space often found in slum areas and the division of responsibilities and activities between women and men in the given context results in a certain degree of gender segregation in public space. Women are often restricted to the space in proximity of their homes, why it becomes an extension of their homes as well as a space for interaction which creates semi-public spaces. As men more often socialise further away from home in spaces of more public function, this creates a certain degree of segregation between women and men in public space. The most significant physical difference between the study areas proved to be the hierarchal properties of the street network. The clearer hierarchy in the unplanned area implicates that the spaces where women stays generally is of a lower degree of public function. The regular street grid of the planned area resulted in a more even distribution of public function, why men more often also stays in the semi-public spaces in residential alleys. In this way the built environment in the unplanned area reflects and reproduces gender relations in the use of public space. An implication is that since the correspondence between social structures in society and the use of public space is something that can assumed be effected by design, the urban designer has continuously in the context of development of slum areas in the developing world, and in general, an important role to play.
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Manelli, Matteo, and Roberta Alessandrini. "Tirtha Settlement. Progetto di riqualificazione urbana nell'area Walkeshwar a Mumbai." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16882/.
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Quando si parla di India, a maggior ragione parlando di Mumbai, non si può non fare i conti con quelle che sono le grandi contraddizioni sociali, economiche e culturali che la affliggono, proprio perché il vivere e le abitudini sono troppo distanti da noi per poter procedere con progetti alla “maniera occidentale”; per questo è assolutamente necessario invertire il punto di vista.
Questo progetto cerca di farlo, nel tentativo di dare una risposta a vere e proprie emergenze con cui l’area oggetto di studio ogni giorno deve relazionarsi, tutte legate al concetto prevalente di sovraffollamento urbano: questo comporta la densificazione residenziale in ciascun spazio non costruito, comprese anche le aree lungo le fasce costiere oceaniche, che mettono a rischio ogni giorno l’incolumità degli abitanti. Tutto quindi si gioca nel risolvere l’emergenza residenziale, promuovendo nuovi sistemi dell’abitare per le persone meno abbienti della società, al fine di poter migliorare le condizioni di vita del singolo nucleo familiare insieme con quelle della comunità, che si mantiene viva grazie alla densità urbana, sinonimo in questo contesto di unità di vicinato. La calibrazione della densità costruttiva si struttura su una presenza consistente dell’area, ossia il waterfront sul mare Arabico, il quale nel progetto diventa punto di forza del luogo e non più minaccia della città, proprio perché l’acqua diviene libera di interagire con nuovi spazi pubblici ampi che fungono da cuscinetto ai rischi di inondazione a cui il nuovo tessuto residenziale non è più esposto. Alla volontà di migliorare le condizioni di vita e all’eterogeneità delle problematiche pragmatiche annesse, il progetto accoglie, nella realizzazione o riqualificazione di alcuni edifici pubblici, quel velo di sacralità che la presenza della cisterna sacra del Banganga porta con sé e che condiziona ogni giorno le abitudini delle persone, le quali vivono il sacro come filo conduttore della quotidianità.
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Svensson, Sandra. "Children and Youths in Dharavi ́s rise to Empowerment : - from a NGO perspective." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25915.
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This dissertation view a sample of projects conducted by two different non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Dharavi, a slum-area in Mumbai, India, and examines how they con-tribute to children and youth ́s social development and empowerment. Due to the large global population of children and youths, as well as that a large percentage of the world ́s inhabitants reside in slum-areas, it is considered of importance to gain information regarding the social work that isbeing conducted with the focus. The field work is carried out through interviews and observations in the area. The focus is five different projects that are conducted by two different NGOs in Mumbai. This dissertation display how the two theories, empowerment and social development, are connected to each other as well as the positive impact the NGOs have on the participating childrenand youths. The findings of the field work lead to an understand-ing in which ways NGOs can help children and youths to reachempowerment and how they contribute to the social development of the participants. The research shows the impact the organizations activities have on the children and youths lives.Denna uppsats granskar ett urval av projekt som genomförs av två olika icke-statliga organisationer i Dharavi, ett slumområde i Mumbai, Indien, och undersöker hur de bidrar till barn och ungdomars sociala utveckling och empowerment. Då en stor del av världens befolkning består av barn och ungdomar, samt att en stor del av den globala populationen lever i slumområden, anses det viktigt att inhämta information gällande det sociala arbete som bedrivs i dessa områden. Data till uppsatsen har inhämtats genom intervjuer och observationer från två icke-statliga organisationer i det valda området. Uppsatsen visar hur de två teorierna, empowerment och social utveckling, är kopplade till varandra och påvisar även det positiva inflytande de icke-statliga organisationerna har på sina deltagare. Resultaten av fältarbetet leder till en förståelse för på vilket sätt de enskilda organisationer kan bidra till att barn och ungdomar uppnår empowerment samt hur de bidrar till deltagarnas sociala utveckling. Forskningen visar den effekt organisationerna har på barnen och ungdomarnas liv.
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Dellapasqua, Martina, and Eleonora Savini. "INCREMENTAL SETTLEMENT Progetto di rigenerazione urbana di un insediamento informale nell'area Walkeshwar a Mumbai." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17004/.
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L’area d’intervento si trova a Mumbai, a sud di Malabar Hill, è compresa tra il Mar Arabico e un’antica cisterna sacra denominata Banganga Tank ed è interessata dalla presenza di un insediamento informale ad alta densità. La tesi ha permesso il confronto con un problema diffuso che caratterizza le aree urbane e suburbane dell’India, ovvero la presenza di insediamenti informali sorti all’interno del tessuto consolidato della città, privi dei servizi primari e delle condizioni igieniche essenziali. Per approfondire la conoscenza dell’area sono state effettuati dei sopralluoghi mirati sull’area di progetto e sono state studiate e visitate alcune città e architetture indiane appartenenti prevalentemente all’area nord-occidentale del paese. La riflessione progettuale sarà focalizzata sulla relazione tra residenze e spazio pubblico, più precisamente il progetto si mira a tracciare delle linee guida generali per il rinnovamento dei caratteri identitari del luogo, relazionati al monumento sacro preesistente, la cisterna del Banganga. Il progetto propone pertanto la ridefinizione del disegno del sistema urbano, insieme a un piano per lo sviluppo di soluzioni puntuali orientate alla riorganizzazione delle residenze e degli spazi pubblici, in accordo con le necessità delle comunità di abitanti attualmente insediati, attraverso un processo di gestione della realizzazione del progetto in fasi successive. Esso mira quindi alla valorizzazione delle preesistenze architettoniche, importante patrimonio per la città di Mumbai, proponendo un processo di pianificazione per fasi orientato a definire delle strategie d'intervento finalizzate alla rigenerazione del tessuto informale e dello spazio pubblico.
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Mercorelli, Sophia, Veronica Maffi, and Vittoria Gagliardini. "Abitare il limite. Progetto di riqualificazione urbana nell'area Walkeshwar a Mumbai." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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L’area del Walkeshwar di Mumbai presenta una serie di punti critici che negli ultimi anni stanno affliggendo anche altre aree della megalopoli: l’emergenza abitativa e l’assenza di spazi pubblici e servizi di base. I continui flussi migratori hanno plasmato l’area del waterfront in un conglomerato informale che non dialoga con il tessuto circostante e che nasconde in sé una serie di relazioni sociali di altissimo grado: da queste analisi è emersa la volontà di fornire un modello abitativo che preservasse e implementasse il rapporto uomo-uomo e rispettasse gli standard abitativi imposti dalla legge. Si è proposta dunque una soluzione alternativa allo sfruttamento selvaggio del terreno che favorisce un’edilizia High Density - Low Rise con matrici che trovano la loro giustificazione nel Genius loci dell’area: si identificano delle piastre residenziali che riconfigurano il nuovo waterfront, collegate da un sistema viario che connette il progetto al tessuto esistente. L’intervento non si conclude con la sola proposta di un modello abitativo ma si concentra e cerca di risolvere la totale assenza di spazi di aggregazione e aree verdi: riproponendo il primitivo ambiente autoctono della penisola, si è costruita una fascia verde di mangrovie che da un lato servisse all’accumulo di terreno per la realizzazione delle piastre residenziali e dall’altro fornisse una protezione naturale contro le mareggiate che affliggono la costa
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Peluso, Margherita, and Ylli Lamaj. "Incremental housing Progetto di riqualificazione nell'area Walkeshwar a Mumbai." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19523/.
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La città di Mumbai è stata caratterizzata da una costante espansione territoriale e demografica. Questo sviluppo massivo ha portato ad un calo sempre maggiore dell’interesse per tematiche come l’abitare, la tutela del patrimonio architettonico, delle tradizioni e delle condizioni di vita minime. Ciò ha favorito un’edificazione intensiva incontrollata che non ha seguito né i caratteri della città di fondazione né della città coloniale ma delle logiche di natura funzionale, politica e, a volte, speculativa.
Il progetto di riqualificazione urbana dell’area Walkeshwar a Mumbai, Incremental Housing, prevede una serie di interventi mirati, che hanno come obiettivo principale il trovare una soluzione stabile e duratura ai problemi di questa grande città in continua espansione. L’analisi dell’area, lo studio della forma urbana e anche delle esigenze della popolazione ci ha portato a preferire determinate soluzioni che rappresentano per noi la miglior scelta in un contesto così complesso e degradato. Si rendeva necessaria una nuova progettazione del waterfront attraverso un innalzamento di quota ma anche l'introduzione di un sistema di “orti galleggianti” necessari per l’autosostentamento degli abitanti.
Nell’area residenziale, tenendo conto di aspetti quali la vivibilità, spazi minimi e autocostruzione, si prevede la progettazione di oltre 200 abitazioni oltre a aree destinate al terziario per aumentare le opportunità di lavoro, una scuola e un centro per le arti per garantire un luogo di formazione per tutte le età, edifici per l’accoglienza dei migliaia di pellegrini che ogni anno scelgono Mumbai come meta religiosa, un incremento delle aree verdi per sopperire alla totale mancanza di vegetazione nel quartiere.
Il progetto cerca allora di dare una risposta funzionale alle criticità presenti nell'area cercando di rispettare alcune parole-chiave che hanno guidato il progetto: flessibilità, modularità, spazi per la collettività, espansione, waterfront ed economia locale.
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Burattoni, Mara, Daria Medici, and Alice Zattoni. "Swasti Settlement. Progetto di riqualificazione urbana nell'area Walkeshwar a Mumbai." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16883/.
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La città di Mumabi è stata caratterizzata negli ultimi decenni da un’espansione intensiva, che ha posto scarsa attenzione ai temi dell’abitare, della salvaguardia architettonica, della conservazione dei caratteri tradizionali, favorendo invece una crescita incontrollata e un paesaggio urbano di difficile riconoscibilità.
Parallelamente si assiste a una riduzione delle dimensioni dell’alloggio, destinato a diventare un’abitazione bassa di natura informale, realizzata abusivamente con materiali di scarto e spesso inadeguata dal punto di vista strutturale e impiantistico.
Il progetto per lo Swasti Settlement si occupa del tema dell’”abitare”, ponendosi come un intervento di riqualificazione urbana nell’area Walkeshwar, basato su processi di rigenerazione che trovano principi nel rapporto tra tradizione e contemporaneità, emergenze architettoniche e tessuto urbano.
L’obiettivo è quello di trovare soluzioni alternative al problema delle megalopoli, in grado di instaurare un dialogo tra abitudini e necessità attuali, tra qualità dell’abitare e caratteri del luogo, tra spazio pubblico e spazio privato.
In seguito a un’analisi e una lettura critica dell’area di Banganga Tank, sono state definite le matrici per lo sviluppo del nuovo insediamento:
un waterfront distribuito su due livelli distinti, funge da connessione tra gli estremi del quartiere, offrendo permeabilità fisiche e visive con il contesto urbano circostante.
Sul precedente tessuto dello slum viene ricalcata la definizione degli spazi pubblici, comunitari e delle infrastrutture; mentre per differenza si compongono gli isolati residenziali.
Nove variazioni tipologiche della casa a corte, si distribuiscono moltiplicate e ruotate, prestando attenzione ad aspetti quali vivibilità, spazi minimi, qualità architettonica, microclimatica, autosostentamento e autocostruzione.
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Gudéhn, Oskar, and Linda Ringqvist. "Wastescape Bhubaneswar & Cuttack." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146605.
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This project is a study of the wastescape - a network of waste - of Bhubaneswar and Cuttack in Odisha, India. The study incorporates key locations, e.g. landfills, urban wastelands and waste warehouses; major actors in the formal and informal waste sector; and flows of waste through economic and social systems. Drawing from the studies, multiple interventions within the wastescape are proposed for improvement of the economic, ecologic and social situation. An important aspect of the project is the development of an approach for how to, as architects, work with big, complex, contingent networks; how to map and understand such a system; and how to determine where to intervene. To improve the existing wastescape, interventions must consciously and holistically address multiple scales; levels of formal-informal; and phases within the waste cycle. The study includes a vast amount of possible interventions. Some of the interventions are further detailed to show feasibility; impact on the wastescape; and synergies with other interventions within the wastescape.Projektet “Wastescape of Bhubaneswar & Cuttack” är en studie av ett nätverk av skräpflöden genom Bhubaneswar och Cuttack i Odisha, Indien. Studien inkorporerar viktiga platser, t.ex. deponier, urbana ödemarker och lokaler för skräphandel; stora aktörer i den formella och informella skräpsektorn; och flöden av skräp genom ekonomiska och sociala system. Utifrån dessa studier, ett flertal interventioner i “the wastescape” föreslås för att förbättra den ekonomiska, ekologiska och sociala situationen. En viktig aspekt av arbetet är utvecklingen av ett sätt att, som arkitekt, arbeta med storskaliga, komplexa och inter-beroende nätverk; hur sådana system kan kartläggas och förstås; samt hur det går att avgöra vart och hur interventioner passar in i “the wastescape”. För att förbättra “the wastescape”, interventioner måste medvetet och holistiskt adressera multipla skalor; nivåer av formell-informell; och faser i skräpets kretslopp. Studien innehåller ett stort nummer av möjliga interventioner. Några av dessa interventioner är ytterligare detaljerade för att visa på genomförbarhet; påverkan på “the wastescape”; och synergier gentemot andra interventioner i “the wastescape”.
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"Slums and children's disadvantage: The case of India." PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, 2010. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3364541.
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Mehra, Diya. "Remaking urban worlds : New Delhi in the time of economic liberalization." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22136.
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This dissertation examines the impact of neoliberal economic reform on New Delhi's urban landscape. It shows how the city has transformed since 1991 through two distinct, but interlinked processes: firstly massive 'upgradation' and place-marketing efforts, initiated and supported by the state, to create for the city a global identity worthy of the capital of a newly resurgent and aspirational nation, one that is also welcoming to new capital flows and forms as Delhi undergoes massive spatial, and economic expansion. Secondly, neoliberal urban development is also marked by a series of mass evictions of the city's existing informal, indigenous economy as degraded urban forms. In tracking the unfolding 'worlding' of the city, the dissertation is interested in the production of locality at the scale of the city, the ways by different sites, networks and neighborhoods articulate with the process, and how locality is produced through a series of inclusions and exclusions. In the first half of the dissertation, the focus is the conjectural emergence of conditions of transformation, mainly through the articulation of state urban renewal policies which promote privatized urban development, judicial eviction orders and media circulated calls for the building of a new 'upgraded' city to replace the old. This, as a new 'globalized' and aestheticized imaginary of the nation, city and its citizens takes shape. In the second half, the dissertation examines shows how upgradation and mass eviction have played out in Delhi neighborhoods, juxtaposing the experience of middle class areas, who's activism has been vital in putting forth a new vision of the city, with two cases of displacement. These are the demolition of the city's slums, and secondly the sealing or closure of large networks of indigenous/informal traders. In all three cases, the dissertation outlines ethnographically how residents receive, perceive and negotiate changes in relation to their memories, habitus, and local knowledges of the old, and how they engage with state and political actors, judicial fiat, party politics and the structures of the city's mass democracy to encourage or oppose urban reforms. In its conclusion, it argues that upgradation and eviction notwithstanding, activism across classes has engendered a common critique of governance among residents.text
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Gulati, SONIA. "Enabling Healthier Living through Group Empowerment: A Critical Ethnographic Study of Adolescents with Disabilities in the Urban Slums of North India." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5395.
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Given the importance placed on participation and empowerment in global health initiatives, the perspective of young people with disabilities has emerged as a vital field of study. This critical ethnographic study gained insight into the perspectives of adolescents with disabilities aged 12 to 18 years who were affiliated with a community-based rehabilitation program in the urban slums of North India. The purpose of this research was to highlight the collective voices of adolescents with disabilities about their rehabilitation challenges, to explore how the culture influenced the rehabilitation challenges faced by adolescents, and to support collaborative work among adolescents with and without disabilities that would inform organizational activities. Fieldwork was conducted from January to May 2005 and October 2006 to March 2007 with 21 adolescents with disabilities, 11 adolescents without disability, and 10 community-based rehabilitation team members. Multiple data collection methods were utilized to ensure that participants could comfortably express their views.
A conceptual framework called the ‘Adolescent Group Empowerment Pyramid’ was developed that illustrates one process for empowering adolescents with disabilities and their peers without disabilities within a community setting. Group empowerment involves adolescents with disabilities working towards assuming greater ownership over their rehabilitation while collaborating with their peers. The ‘group’ concept provided the foundation for the framework because adolescents viewed the group setting as enjoyable and effective. Three areas associated with meaningful group empowerment included: group participation, group demonstration, and group recognition. Three external support factors and ten areas for nurturing the group empowerment process are also described.
Participants promoted a more liberal approach to empowering adolescents that embraced the notion of collaboration (rather than competition), interdependence (rather than independence), shared benefits (rather than individual gain), and the interaction of community groups. This approach promotes a harmonious balance between empowerment and the community, rather than an aggressive approach to gaining power over or from other marginalized individuals. Group empowerment, achieved through enabling group-centered occupations, encourages adolescents to collectively work for social and occupational justice. To ensure the sustainability of community-based rehabilitation initiatives, programs must be aware of personally meaningful factors that empower and maintain the interest of the target population.Thesis (Ph.D, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2009-08-05 15:30:32.786
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Jagdale, Rohit H. "An overview of slum rehabilitation schemes in Mumbai, India." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26620.
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In the recent decades, the Government of India has implemented a unique approach to the problem of slum proliferation in Mumbai. By providing an innovative cross-subsidy to private developers, the administration has created a working model for Public-Private-Partnership in Slum Rehabilitation. This report traces the evolution of this model through an extensive literature review of the preceding schemes. It also critiques the models on its impact on public life and provides recommendations for future policy decisions.text
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"Sexual Health and Psychological Well-Being of Unmarried Adolescent Females Living in an Urban Slum in India." Tulane University, 2014.
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In India, ranked 132nd out of 148 countries in the United Nations Gender Inequality Index (2013), females face numerous challenges that pose a threat to their sexual health and psychological well-being. This paper focuses specifically on adolescent unmarried females living in an urban slum, a particularly vulnerable segment of the population that is important to empower in order to effect change. With the ultimate aim to better understand how to design effective and accessible interventions for adolescent females, this paper explores sexual health and its relation to psychological well-being from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders: adolescent girls, mothers of adolescent girls, and service providers who work with adolescent girls. To understand the unique and shared perspectives of the stakeholders regarding the constructs of psychological well-being, gender roles, and sexual health, the author utilized focus group and interview data. Through the use of the deductive-inductive coding process, the author identified overall themes and differences in perspective that elucidated the perspectives of the population. The findings revealed that there is great overlap in the three constructs studied, and each is influenced by and impacts the other. Additionally, the findings showed a trend of girls, mothers, and service providers understanding the importance of girls having access to sexual health information and openness towards mothers potentially sharing this information with daughters. Other implications, future research directions, and limitations are discussed.acase@tulane.edu