Relevant bibliographies by topics / Slurry Pond

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Slurry Pond'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Slurry Pond"

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Medvedieva, Olha, Yevhen Lapshyn, Natalia Koval, Abdikarim Zeynullin, and Olena Gupalo. "The resource-saving technology to restore the accumulation ability of tailing ponds." E3S Web of Conferences 168 (2020): 00054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016800054.

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The accumulating capacity of tailing ponds by technology infusion of pulp preliminary clarification in the alluvium charts with its subsequent thickening and storage in the form of a highly concentrated pulp at the bottom of the pond is proposed by authors in the work. For the first time, the time dependence of filling a temporary pond on the ratio of the initial and condensed slurry concentrations for such technologies is obtained. The formula for calculating the degree of condensation is proposed. It provides the parameters selection and justification of equipment for removing water from a temporary pond as the map is filled with the accumulating capacity restoration of tailing ponds. The calculation results for the proposed dependencies allow us to establish: the necessary values of the thickening degree of the hydromixture, the possible intervals of the change in the pulp flow before and after thickening, as well as the volume of water taken from the temporary pond, depending on the concentration of the slurry entering the pond from the alluvium maps, its volumetric flow rate , geometric parameters of the technology for waste storage and the operation duration of a temporary pond.
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Ridho, Muhammad, and Peter Eka Rosadi. "Penanganan Kolam Sedimentasi Hasil Pencucian Bauksit Di PT. ANTAM Tbk. Tayan." Jurnal Mineral, Energi dan Lingkungan 2, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/jmel.v2i2.2157.

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Bauxite ore mining PT.Antam Tbk. located in Tayan Hilir Subdistrict, Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan Province is an open pit backfilling system. Besides the bauxite ore extraction, the washing process resulted slurry which is entering the open channel towards the sedimentation pond. This study aims to determine the total discharge of slurry that will enter the sedimentation pond and assess the capacity of existing sedimentation ponds. The results showed that based on the production target of 700,000 tons of Bauxite Washed/year with 60% concretion factor data, the total discharge of water entering the sedimentation pond was 3.54 m3/sec. The slurry from the open channel will go into the sedimentation pond so that the deposition found in Segment I, IV, V, and VI was 409.06 m3/day, 254.59 m3/day, 561.35 m3/day, and 273.90 m3/day respectivelly. Intensive dredging material will be carried out using two Hitachi Zaxis 210 LC Long-Arm Excavator units. The cleaning time needed by Segment I, IV, V, and VI are 10 days, 6 days, 9 days and 5 days, so that the dredging time of Segment I, IV, V, and VI are 82 days, 65 days, 53 days and 62 days respectivelly
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Chase, Alisia G. "Toxic Slurry and Pond Scum." Afterimage 36, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.2008.36.2.27.

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Kopp, Radovan, Jan Mareš, Andrea Ziková, and Tomáš Vítek. "Variations of physical and chemical parameters in hypertrophic pond within pig slurry application." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 2 (2008): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856020095.

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During the years 2001 and 2002 we conducted hydrochemical monitoring of intensively managed pond to evaluate the impact of high pig slurry doses on eutrophication. Pig slurry application was carried out in colder period of the year (February–April) via tube system with sludge pump from nearby piggery. Our results showed that pig slurry application do not permanently affect the water quality of Jarohněvický pond. When the correct application is made slurry is effectively utilized by biomass for the growth, which prevents surface and underground waters to be polluted as in the case of incorrect application on agricultural land.Critical point of this technology in terms of water management is the way of pig slurry application and the exact dose. Even extremely high slurry doses (16.1 kg . m−2 in 2001 and 15.6 kg . m−2 in 2002) used in Jarohněvický pond did not negatively affected pond ecosystem. Only higher amount of organisms that increased natural fish production was recorded. It is necessary to implement this ameliorative intervention in colder period of the year considering higher hazard of variations in decisive hydrochemical parameters at higher water temperature.
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Chu, J., M. W. Bo, and A. Arulrajah. "Reclamation of a slurry pond in Singapore." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering 162, no. 1 (February 2009): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geng.2009.162.1.13.

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Qu, Yanpeng, Cheng Zhou, Yunpan Zhong, Songying Chen, and Ruiyan Wang. "A computational study on gas–liquid flow in a lime slurry pond equipped with a rotary jet mixing system." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 2 (February 2017): 168781401769046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017690468.

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The flue-gas desulfurization model was studied through computational fluid dynamics software. The oxidation air was asymmetrically pumped into the slurry pond. A rotary jet mixing system was established at the bottom center of the pond to agitate the lime slurry. The Navier–Stokes equation as the control equation, the standard k–ε turbulence model, sliding grids structure, and three-dimensional Eulerian multiphase flow of lime slurry were used for the numerical simulation. The independence of the meshes and the time step was verified. The distribution of the concentration of oxidation air and influents on the velocity of flow was analyzed with five angular velocities (0.01, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, and 1 rad/s) for the rotary jet mixing. The simulation results showed that the angular velocity has a great influence on the velocity of the slurry and the distribution of the oxidation air.
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Tao, D., B. Li, S. Johnson, and B. K. Parekh. "A flotation study of refuse pond coal slurry." Fuel Processing Technology 76, no. 3 (June 2002): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3820(02)00025-5.

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Terrero, Martire Angélica, María Ángeles Muñoz, Ángel Faz, María Dolores Gómez-López, and Jose A. Acosta. "Efficiency of an Integrated Purification System for Pig Slurry Treatment under Mediterranean Climate." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020208.

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The intensification of pig production is considered a risky activity for the environment when the generated pig slurry is not adequately treated. In addition, intensive agriculture practices where pig slurry is applied to the cropland could cause nitrate leaching, salinization, and soil pollution (heavy metals and pathogens), thus the development of an eco-friendly system for pig slurry treatment is essential to avoid undesirable environmental impacts. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of an integrated purification system (IPS) for treating pig slurry. The system included a pretreatment module (raw pig slurry tank, phase separator, aeration tank, and settlement tank), constructed wetlands (CWs) that included an unplanted cell and a planted cell, and a storage pond (SP). Pig slurry samples from the pretreatment modules, CWs, and SP were collected in triplicate and physic-chemical and microbial analyses were performed. Results showed that the pretreatment modules decreased the total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the liquid fraction. Higher total nitrogen removal was reported in the planted cell, which decreased from 4.0 g L−1 to 1.9 g L−1 in the inflow and outflow, respectively. Total efficiencies over 85% were found in the planted and unplanted cells for TSS, Kjeldahl nitrogen (KN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and TP. Microbial parameters were eliminated after the treatment in the planted cell. Therefore, the results indicated that filtration (pretreatment), purification (constructed wetland), and bioremediation (storage pond) constituted an appropriate IPS for treating pig slurry.
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Wyness, P., J. F. Klausner, D. Y. Goswami, and K. S. Schanze. "Performance of Nonconcentrating Solar Photocatalytic Oxidation Reactors: Part II—Shallow Pond Configuration." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930069.

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A solar photocatalytic oxidation facility has been fabricated in which the destruction of 4-chlorophenol (4CP) is tested in three adjacent shallow pond reactors. Each of the reactors has depths of 5.1, 10.2, and 15.3 cm (2, 4, and 6 in.), respectively. It is found that 4CP is successfully oxidized with the photocatalyst, titanium dioxide (TiO2), suspended in a slurry or adhered to a fiberglass mesh. The pond reactors, however, perform better with the slurry. It has also been found that the first-order rate constant for oxidation of 4CP increases with decreasing initial concentration. For the same incident ultraviolet (UV) intensity, catalyst loading, and initial solute concentration, the oxidation rate of 4CP is invariant provided the aperture to volume ratio is fixed. It has been determined that the 4CP solution contains sufficient dissolved oxygen to support the photocatalytic oxidation process. Direct evidence is provided to demonstrate that the utilization of photons in the photocatalytic process becomes less efficient as the number of incident photons on the catalyst increases.
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Huchunayev, Buzgigit M., Oksana O. Dakhova, Svetlana A. Bekkiyeva, and Svetlana B. Hatefova. "Impact of the Slurry Pond of the Tyrnyauz Tungsten-Molybdenum Complex on the Mountain Territories Environment." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 1070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.1070.

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The results of the Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum Plant (TTMP) slurry pond settler environment impacts assessment are given in this scientific work, and the recommendations about the negative impact reduction on the environment are made. In the given work the characteristics of the environment state are investigated: atmospheric air, water objects and land resources.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Slurry Pond"

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Tobin, Amberly Hope. "OHD Processing of Coal Waste Materials." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2045.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Amberly Hope Tobin, for the Master of Science degree in Organic Geochemistry, presented on August 4th 2016, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: OHD PROCESSING OF COAL WASTE MATERIALS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Susan M. Rimmer This research addresses coal-waste utilization via the OHD process and the implications for both economic and environmental impacts. The goal of this project is to determine if coal-waste products can be processed by the OHD technique. Furthermore, this project will determine what types of products are produced from the coal-waste materials and will compare these to those produced by the OHD processing of raw coal. This research has the potential to be beneficial to the coal industry as OHD would allow production of high-value products from what is currently viewed as a waste material; additionally, this research will provide a way to recycle what is considered a hazardous waste product and provide an incentive to reclaim coal slurry ponds that are an environmental concern. A preliminary suite of grab samples from an active coal slurry pond along with a stream reject sample were obtained in order to determine if these types of materials could be processed via OHD. After these samples were deemed viable in the OHD process, core samples were taken from a large slurry pond. These cores were then ii sampled at 2 ft (0.61 m) intervals. The key analyses performed were geochemical, petrographic, OHD, and GC-MS. Geochemical analysis included carbon, sulfur, moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon content of the coal-waste samples before OHD, and provided a basis for comparison with raw coal samples. Petrographic analysis was performed to determine the maceral composition before the OHD processing. The OHD process is the core technique of this research project. The preliminary slurry pond samples were processed in a small semi-continuous OHD reactor. While the stream reject and slurry pond core samples were processed using a continuous OHD reactor, as this type of reactor is best suited for fine-grained slurries. GC-MS was used to examine the OHD liquid products analysis in order to determine the types of compounds present in the final liquefied product; these products were then compared to raw coal OHD products in order to determine their economic potential. Petrography of the coal-waste materials showed that these samples did contain a notable amount of coal; predominantly vitrinites and inertinites were observed in the samples. Geochemical analysis proved that there were significant amounts of organic carbon in these materials, ranging between 25 and 37%. OHD processing was successful on all coal-waste materials, although the continuous OHD reactor tended to work better with the fine-grained slurries than the semi-continuous OHD reactor. The GC-MS analysis of the coal-waste OHD product showed very similar suites of compounds to that of a bulk coal OHD product; in general, almost all major compounds that are found in a typical coal OHD product were also found in the coal-waste OHD products. This suggests that these slurry ponds, which are typically regarded as waste products, could be viable feedstocks for OHD processing.
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Dallal, Anas Omar. "Metodika návrhu PON sítě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218816.

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Cílem této práce je analyzovat současný stav přístupových optických sítí,a hlouběji prozkoumat PON metodiku a návrh sítě. Navrhnul jsem síť založenou na konceptu FTTH pro 90 rodinných domů ovládané z centrální stanice vzdálené 20 km. Zabýval jsem se problémy při návrhu FTTH, konkrétně pasivní optickou sítí. Dále jsem se zabýval ATM-PON a Ethernet PON (EPON), které jsou založeny na společné síťové architektuře, PON, ale používají jiné přenosové technologie na podporu integrovaných služeb a jiné protokoly. Po zadání (optimálního) síťového řešení, které se hodí pro nabídku Triple-Play služeb. Dále budu popisovat, jak fungují síťová propojení a také budou popsány metody měření a testování navržené sítě "po aktivaci a nastavení sítě" a "před aktivací síťových služeb ". Při měření jsem také používal OTDR a prakticky ověřil charakteristiku linky. V práci je také naznačeno monitorování optické sítě.
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Tunková, Martina. "Městské lázně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215713.

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Gregor, Filip. "Ukradeno 77 milionů účtů služby PlayStation Network, týká se nás to?: analýza internetových diskuzí pod články týkajícími se tématu." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-321518.

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Diploma thesis 77 million PlayStation Network accounts stolen, does it affect us?: An analysis of Internet discussions revolving around this topic deals with the case of what so far seems to be the biggest case of user information leak on the Internet. The introduction outlines the history and development of PlayStation consoles and maps major attempts to jailbreak the last generation of the console by hackers. The following section presents PlayStation Network itself, whose users were at risk of the loss of their online identity because of the attack and chronologically describes the course of breach-related events including the subsequent theft of user data. It also focuses in detail on the case of GeoHot - a hacker whose dispute with Sony alienated fellow hacker community and initiated retaliatory activities which as a result led to loss of data. Another part of the thesis examines the issue of digital identity and its protection, gives an insight into the history of the formation of the hacker community and further explains the phenomenon of existence and perception of the term hacker in the context of the Internet. The final section is devoted to analysis of selected discussion posts under thematically relevant articles, analyzes them in terms of content relevance, information sentiment and...
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Book chapters on the topic "Slurry Pond"

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"slurry pond [n] [UK]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 924. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_13082.

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"pond [n] [UK], slurry." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 728. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_10257.

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Rajaram, V., U. Chugh, S. Malik, and R. K. Bansal. "Disposal of jarosite slurry in a lined tailings pond, Hindustan Zinc Limited, India." In Mine Planning and Equipment Selection 2000, 947–50. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203747124-178.

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Sodha, M. S., R. L. Sawhney, and A. K. Goel. "AN INEXPENSIVE SHALLOW SOLAR POND FOR HEATING SLURRY FOR USE IN A BIOGAS PLANT." In Advances In Solar Energy Technology, 2286–91. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-034315-0.50426-2.

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Ripmeester, John A., and L. S. Kotlyar. "2H NMR and Gel Formation of the Ultrafine Solids Fraction Associated with the Athabasca Oil Sands Fine Tails." In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Environment Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097511.003.0017.

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The two oil sands plants operated by Syncrude Canada Ltd. and Suncor Canada Ltd. near Fort MacMurray, Alberta, use a hot water process for the separation of bitumen from oil sands. In brief, hot water and oil sands, with caustic soda as dispersing agent, are mixed thoroughly, and bitumen is floated to the top of the resulting slurry by streams of air. After secondary bitumen recovery, the remaining tailings are carried to ponds, where the coarse sands are used to form dikes, the fine tails are left to settle, and freed water is recycled. Typical production figures for the Syncrude plant are 390 000 barrels of diluted bitumen per day produced from 325 000 tonnes of oil sand. One complicating factor is that the fine tails dewater only to a solids content of ~30%, requiring ponds of ever increasing size (the Syncrude pond is 22km2) to store the resulting sludge. As the ponded material is toxic to wildlife, it poses a considerable local environmental hazard. In addition, there is the potential hazard of contamination of surface water and a major river system as a result of seepage or potential dike failure. The work reported here was carried out as part of a major project initiated to address the problem of the existing tailings ponds, and also to modify the currently used separation process so as not to produce sludge. Starting with the recognition that the very stable fine tails, consisting of water, silt, clay and residual bitumen, have gel-like properties, we employed the strategy of fractionating the fine tails with the hope of identifying a specific fraction which might show gel-forming propensity. This was done by breaking the gel, and collecting fractions according to sedimentation behavior during centrifugation. Fractions consisting of the coarser solids (>0.5μm) settled rapidly, whereas fractions with smaller particle sizes (termed ultrafines) gave suspensions which set into stiff, thixotropic gels on standing. Gel formation and the sol-gel transition in colloidal clay suspensions are classical problems which have received much attention over the years; however, much remains to be learned. NMR techniques have shown considerable promise in understanding clay-water interactions at a microscopic level.
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Svoboda, I. F., and H. J. Fallowfield. "AN AEROBIC PIGGERY SLURRY TREATMENT SYSTEM WITH INTEGRATED HEAT RECOVERY AND HIGH-RATE ALGAL PONDS." In Water Pollution Research and Control Brighton, 277–87. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-8439-2.50030-4.

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Leopold, Estella B. "Spring." In Stories From the Leopold Shack. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190463229.003.0008.

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Spring always seemed to begin for us with spring break, when we had a whole week to be at the Shack and do the planting together. Spring is such a special time, with the buds bursting and the early flowers opening. Ever since we started planting in the spring of 1936, we always looked forward to the project, though it meant a fair amount of work, and we always had such a marvelous time. The preparations each year were considerable. Mother and Dad would sit at the dining room table in Madison with a list and plan what kind of meals we might like to have up there and what supplies would be needed. Dad would order in advance thousands of pines from the Conservation District. He ordered at least two-year-old seedlings, usually at least two thousand white pines and two thousand reds for a season, and sometimes more. As soon as we arrived at the Shack we would prepare the slurry of red clay and water (as described earlier), dip the roots of each bundle of pines in the clay to protect them, and dig a short ditch “to spud them in” (as Dad called it). The ditch was in the shade west of the Shack so the pines seedlings would not dry out. During the drive up our car was usually jam-packed with gear, and Gus or Flicky the dog. To keep things organized, we used the old chuck boxes Dad had used to lash to his packhorse when he worked in New Mexico. We generally stopped in Baraboo for a twenty-five-pound block of ice so we could keep our vittles cool. If Starker joined us he brought his little roadster to help carry the gear. We also looked forward to the guests sometimes invited to help us plant. Daddy’s sister, Marie Leopold Lord of Burlington, Iowa, fit right in. She was lots of fun, and a great botanist with a special interest in ferns. One year our visitor was a forester Dad had met in Germany, Adelbert Ebner, who was a jolly fellow perhaps fifty years of age, and quite a musician.
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Conference papers on the topic "Slurry Pond"

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khan, Shoyeb, Probir Das, Mohammed Abdul Quadir, Mahmoud Thaher, and Hareb Al Jabri. "Pretreatment of Cyanobacterial Chroococcidiopsis: Biomass prior to Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Enhanced Hydrocarbon Yield and Energy Recovery." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0024.

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Chroococcidiopsis sp. was grown in 200 L open raceway pond. Biomass density and average biomass productivity were 0.41 g/L and 16.1 g/m2/d. Chroococcidiopsis biomass was harvested by self-settling. Self settled biomass was further subjected to centrifugation to obtain a biomass paste with 25-30% solid content. Centrifuged biomass was dried at 80 °C overnight and used as a feedstock for pretreatment step. Biomass was pretreated in water at 105 °C for 15 minutes. A slurry containing 15 wt% pretreated and untreated biomass (control) in deionized water was prepared and subjected to hydrothermal liquefaction for biocrude oil production. Hydrothermal liquefaction for both pretreated and untreated biomass was conducted at temperatures ranging from (275, 300, 325, 350 °C) in a 500 mL high-pressure PARR reactor for 30-minute reaction holding time. Maximum biocrude yields for pretreated and untreated biomass was 42.4 % and 26.4 % based on ash free dry weight basis. Biocrude oil was characterized for hydrocarbons using GC-MS technique. Biocrude oil obtained from pretreated and untreated biomass contained 58.9% and 41.01% (C8-C19) hydrocarbons. Higher heating values for biomass and biocrude oil were 16.93 and 31.28 MJ/kg, with an energy recovery value of 41.1%.
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Aracil, E., P. Martínez-Pagán, U. Maruri, A. Faz, and J. Vallés. "Study of Pollution of the Subsoil Under Slurry Ponds." In Near Surface 2006 - 12th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201402725.

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Martínez-Pagán, P., A. Faz Cano, E. Aracil Ávila, and U. Maruri. "3-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography to Monitor the Slurry Ponds." In Near Surface 2007 - 13th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20146659.

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Yun Ma and Jierong Chen. "Pollutant migration behavior in slurry ponds at Ordos Basin gas well sites." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893022.

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Martinez Pagán, P., A. Faz, T. E. Fischer, E. Aracil, and U. Maruri. "Potencial and Use of 2D Electrical Tomography in Slurry Ponds to Establish Environmental Pollution." In Near Surface 2005 - 11th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.13.p065.

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Adams, J. F., S. R. Biggs, M. Fairweather, D. Njobuenwu, and J. Yao. "Theoretical Modelling of Nuclear Waste Flows." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16377.

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A large amount of nuclear waste is stored in tailings ponds as a solid-liquid slurry, and liquid flows containing suspensions of solid particles are encountered in the treatment and disposal of this waste. In processing this waste, it is important to understand the behaviour of particles within the flow in terms of their settling characteristics, their propensity to form solid beds, and the re-suspension characteristics of particles from a bed. A clearer understanding of such behaviour would allow the refinement of current approaches to waste management, potentially leading to reduced uncertainties in radiological impact assessments, smaller waste volumes and lower costs, accelerated clean-up, reduced worker doses, enhanced public confidence and diminished grounds for objection to waste disposal. Mathematical models are of significant value in nuclear waste processing since the extent of characterisation of wastes is in general low. Additionally, waste processing involves a diverse range of flows, within vessels, ponds and pipes. To investigate experimentally all waste form characteristics and potential flows of interest would be prohibitively expensive, whereas the use of mathematical models can help to focus experimental studies through the more efficient use of existing data, the identification of data requirements, and a reduction in the need for process optimisation in full-scale experimental trials. Validated models can also be used to predict waste transport behaviour to enable cost effective process design and continued operation, to provide input to process selection, and to allow the prediction of operational boundaries that account for the different types and compositions of particulate wastes. In this paper two mathematical modelling techniques, namely Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES), have been used to investigate particle-laden flows in a straight square duct and a duct with a bend. The flow solutions provided by these methods have been coupled to a three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking routine to predict particle trajectories. Simulation results are shown to be good agreement with experimental data, where available. Based on the LES and RANS-Lagrangian methods, the mean value of the particle displacement in a straight square duct is found to generally decrease with time due to gravity effects, with the rate of deposition increasing with particle size. Using the RANS-Lagrangian method to study flows in a duct bend, there is good agreement between predicted profiles and data, with the method able to simulate particle dispersion, the phenomenon of particle roping and the increase of particle collisions with the bend-wall with particle size. With the LES-Lagrangian method, particle re-suspension from a bed is studied in a straight square duct flow and this process shown to be dominated by secondary flows within the duct, with smaller particles tending to re-suspend in preference to larger ones. Overall, the study demonstrates that modelling techniques can be used to provide insight in to processes that are of relevance to the processing of nuclear waste, and are capable of predicting their transport behaviour. In particular, they are able to provide reliable predictions of particle deposition within flows to form solid beds, the re-suspension of particles from a bed, and the influence of complex flow geometries on particle dispersion. In the latter case, they are also of value to studies of erosion due to particle impact. Such models are therefore of value as engineering tools for use in the prediction of waste behaviour and in cost effective process design.
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Adams, Jonathan F. W., Simon R. Biggs, Michael Fairweather, Jun Yao, and James Young. "Transport of Nuclear Waste Flows: A Modelling and Simulation Approach." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59136.

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Abstract:
The task of implementing safer and more efficient processing and transport techniques in the handling of nuclear wastes made up of liquid-solid mixtures provides a challenging and interesting area of research. The radioactive nature of nuclear waste means that it is difficult to perform experimental studies of its transport. In contrast, the use of modelling and simulation techniques can help to elucidate the physics that underpin such flows and provide valuable insights into common problems associated with their transport, as well as assisting in the focusing of experimental research. Two phase solid-liquid wasteforms are commonplace within the nuclear reprocessing industry. Currently, there is waste, e.g., in the form of a solid-liquid slurry in cooling ponds and liquid flows containing suspensions of solid particles feature heavily in the treatment and disposal of this waste. With nuclear waste in the form of solid-liquid sludges it is important to understand the nature of the flow, with particular interest in the settling characteristics of the particulate waste material. Knowledge of the propensity of pipe flows to form solid beds is important in avoiding unwanted blockages in pipelines and pumping systems. In cases where the formation of a solid bed is unavoidable, it is similarly important to know how the modified cross-sectional area of the pipe, due to the presence of a bed, will affect particle behaviour through the creation of secondary flows effects that are also common to square duct flows. A greater understanding of particle deposition in square ducts and pipes of circular cross-section is also of significant and broad industrial relevance, with flows containing particulates prevalent throughout the nuclear, pharmaceutical, chemical, mining and agricultural industries. A greater understanding of particle behaviour in square ducts and circular pipes with variable bed height is the focus of this current work. The more computationally expensive but accurate technique of large eddy simulation (LES) is compared against the current industrial standard technique of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modelling to ascertain how each can be best utilised to understand and predict the mobilisation and transport of nuclear waste sludges. Both approaches are coupled with a Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) technique and have been applied to examine particle dispersion and deposition behaviour across a range of Reynolds numbers in square duct flows. Single-phase predictions are found to be in good agreement with the available experimental data. LES and RANS results are in agreement over particle deposition rate, although disagree on the final locations of deposited particles. The RANS based work is further extended to consider particle deposition in circular pipes with variable bed height (Bh). Average particle distance from the nearest wall for spherical particles with sizes ranging from 5–500 μm is monitored in pipes of circular cross-section with bed heights = 0, 0.25 and 0.5 of the pipe diameter. The particle deposition rate is compared over particle sizes and for all values of Bh, with the implications for sludge transport in practical situations commented upon. The presence of an increasing Bh is found to increase particle deposition for smaller particles. The presence of a bed is found to have little, if any, effect on larger, gravity dominated, particles.
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