Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Slurry pump'

Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013
Centrifugal pumps are the most commonly used pumps in slurry transport systems. The design of pumping systems dealing with liquids more viscous than water requires a reliable method of pump performance prediction for the pump selection. For Newtonian fluids, the Hydraulic Institute method is well established, but there is no generally accepted method for non-Newtonian fluids. Many authors have fallen back on using the Hydraulic Institute method for non-Newtonian fluids. This requires a constant viscosity while non-Newtonian fluid viscosity varies with the shear rate. The question arises: What viscosity should be used in this method for non-Newtonian fluids? Two approaches have been developed: the use of a Bingham plastic viscosity made by Walker and Goulas (1984) and the use of the apparent viscosity calculated using an “equivalent hydraulic pipe” diameter, designed by Pullum et al. (2007). Previous results obtained from these two approaches are not in agreement. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore a suitable procedure to determine a representative non-Newtonian viscosity to be used in the Hydraulic Institute method to predict the pump performance. To achieve this goal, a set of data was experimentally obtained and the existing data were reused. Test work was conducted using the pump test rig in the Flow Process Research Centre at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. A Warman 4/3 pump was tested, using four concentrations of kaolin suspension and three concentrations of CMC solution. Five pump speeds were chosen to run these tests: 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, and 2000 rpm. An additional data set obtained by testing two submersible centrifugal pumps with eight concentrations of sludge, in Stockholm, Sweden, was also analysed. These sets of data were analysed firstly according to the Walker and Goulas (1984) approach and secondly according to the Pullum et al. (2007) approach. The use of the apparent viscosity led to the better pump head prediction. The results of this prediction were close to those obtained in the Pullum et al. (2007) work, and even better in some cases. On the other hand, the use of the Bingham plastic viscosity showed better pump efficiency prediction, although the Walker and Goulas (1984) efficiency prediction range was achieved only for one pump out of five. The apparent viscosity reflected the non-Newtonian behaviour but it could not represent alone the non-Newtonian viscosity because of the poor efficiency predictions and the sensitivity of the Pullum et al. (2007) approach to a change in viscosity. From the results of this work, it is advisable that the pump performance prediction be done using both apparent and Bingham plastic viscosity, the apparent viscosity for the head prediction and the Bingham plastic viscosity for the efficiency prediction.

This master’s thesis is concerned about the flow of hydro-mixture in pipelines. In the first part, I am reviewing the characteristics of disperse systems, pumps and pipelines used in hydro-mixture transportation. Slurry pumps and polyethylene HDPE pipelines receive an extra attention. In the second part, I am working with data obtained from the co-operation with the PROGROUPE Sediment Removal company. These data were measured during revitalization of the water dam Gabčíkovo. In the next step, I use the data to suggest the required characteristic for the slurry pump for pump station in project of revitalizing Borovoe lake, situated in Kazakhstan.

AD is regarded as a sustainable technology that could assist the UK Government meet internationally agreed GHG emission targets by 2050. However, the mature status of the technology is based on expensive systems that rely on high energy feedstock to be profitable. Meanwhile, the natural biodegradation of cow slurry is a recognised contributor to climate change despite having a relatively low CH4 potential because of the large volumes produced. Economic mixing is essential to the cost-effectiveness of farm AD but techniques applied are not always appropriate as slurry is a shear thinning thixotropic Herschel-Bulkley fluid and therefore challenging to mix. The apparent viscosity of slurry and the shear stress induced was most influenced by solids content (exponential change) followed by temperature (linear). Most shear thinning occurred before a rising shear rate of 20s-1 was achieved with the fluid acting near-Newtonian above. Thixotropic recovery occurred within 1 hour of resting. Rheological values were also much higher than previously reported. Highest CH4 production occurred in the first 10 days of the batch process using a range of mixing regimes with different shear rates and rest periods. During fed-batch operations, changing shear rate had a minimal effect on CH4 production using a 30-day HRT whereas shorter rest periods increased production. Specific CH4 production rate was highest when feeding and mixing coincided. However, when HRT was reduced (OLR increased) the CH4 produced by all mixed regimes significantly increased with highest values being achieved using high intensity mixing rested for short periods. Lower HRTs also requires smaller digesters. Parasitic mixing energy invariably had the most influence on net energy production. Signs of instability were evident after 20 days using the low HRT. Significant microbial adaptation was also observed as the experiments progressed. The research outcomes demonstrate that mixing regime and HRT can be managed to maximise net energy production whilst reducing capital expenditure.

An investigation has been carried out to determine the factors controlling the wear characteristics of disc poppet valves in reciprocating slurry pumps used in the transportation of quartzite slurries. A laboratory test rig has been designed and built which closely simulates the operating conditions experienced by slurry pump valves. Experiments have been conducted to determine the effect of the design parameters, namely - slurry constitution, valve closure velocity and valve angle, on the wear resistance of a low alloy steel, as a function of its mechanical properties. It has been shown that the wear of the valves is a sensitive function of the operating parameters. Significant improvements in the life of the valves can be achieved through increasing material hardness, reducing valve closure velocity, slurry density and valve angle. A detailed study has been made of the mechanisms contributing to valve wear. It has been established that both percussive impact and three body abrasion wear mechanisms predominate. The influence of each mechanism has been shown to be a function of the slurry constitution and the material hardness.

The scope of these studies was two-fold: to evaluate high pressure homogenized slurries as a rapid means of screening wood pulps for their Cu, Mn and Fe content and to evaluate the high pressure homogenization in combination with chelating agents or enzymatic digestion for the liberation/extraction of metal ions from this matrix.
Cu, Mn and Fe were determined successfully in pulp samples using high-pressure homogenization prior to slurry introduction-GF-AAS. The analysis time of the method from sample acquisition to determination was of the order of a few minutes per sample.
Different cellulose swelling/dissolution agents were evaluated for the generation of quasi-stable pulp suspensions, rich in cellulose. High-pressure homogenization alone or in combination with chelating agents or enzymatic digestion was also investigated as a means of quantitatively releasing these metal ions into the liquid phases.
A new model of homogenizer equipped with ceramic homogenizing valve with a few modifications was evaluated in terms of metal contamination levels within the final sample dispersion. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

The thesis analyses and evaluates a marketing strategy of the Grandhotel Pupp in comparison with its direct competitor, the Ambassador Grandhotel Narodni dum. The thesis focuses mainly on evaluating the online atributes of the marketing strategy including the online presentation of the hotel on all distribution channels the hotel uses. The main emphasis is put on current trends, because in marketing, these play the crucial role. First part of the thesis defines accommodation services, hospitality business specifics and specifics of marketing in hospitality. Second part evaluates the marketing techniques used on hotel s various distribution chanels. The second part then also compares all the activities used in marketing strategy of both above mentioned hotels.

The aim of this thesis is to consider the operation of dredge pump and design new technology of slag removal including return on investment calculation. The operation optimization itself was preceded by analysis of present technology, data collection, calculation of pressure losses and pinpointing the causes of their origin. Subsequently, the measures to elimination of losses were deduced and these measures were implemented into optimization of dredge pump operation itself. The return on investment into the new technology of slag removal is calculated in the last chapter, considering its feasibility in the heating plant.

O transporte de minério em tubos é feito em larga escala não somente em longas distâncias, (através de minerodutos); como também dentro da mina, seja no trajeto entre a mina e a usina, como no caso de minerais lavrados por desmonte hidráulico, ou entre as operações unitárias dentro da usina de beneficiamento. O projeto dos sistemas de bombeamento de polpas requer o conhecimento das variáveis de escoamento, a perda de carga (ΔP) e a velocidade de deposição (Vd). Discutem-se aqui alguns modelos de predição para tais variáveis. Apesar da irrefutável importância deste tipo de transporte, ainda não há consenso sobre a validade dos modelos existentes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a análise comparativa dos modelos de velocidade de deposição propostos por Durand e Condolios (1952), Wasp et al. (1977) e Wilson et al. (2006), e os modelos de perda de carga propostos por Durand e Condolios (1952), Wasp et al. (1977) e Newitt et al. (1955) com os resultados de laboratório. A acurácia dos modelos, apesar das limitações de cada um, é crucial para que as variáveis de projeto do sistema de bombeamento sejam estabelecidas por meio do uso desses modelos. A comparação foi baseada em ensaios realizados em três test loops de diâmetros de 2\", 3\" e 4\" com minério de ferro, carbonatito e areia, em concentrações de sólidos de 15%, 30% e 50%. Trabalhando com minérios de diferentes granulometrias, densidades e polpas com concentrações diferentes pudemos analisar a interferência desses parâmetros no escoamento e no uso dos modelos propostos. Os modelos de Vd se mostraram bastante úteis, sendo que o modelo proposto por Durand e Condolios (1952) teve as melhores correlações para todos os materiais estudados. Já os modelos de perda de carga não mostraram correlações aceitáveis com os resultados de laboratório, endossando as indicações de alguns autores, como Chaves (2012) e Abulnaga (2002) que não recomendam o uso de modelos de predição de perda de carga nos cálculos de dimensionamento destes sistemas. Como alternativa, é possível utilizar plantas piloto e ensaios laboratoriais.
Ore transportation in pipes is carried out on a large scale not only at long distances, such as ore pipelines, but also within the mine, or in the path between the mine and the plant, as the case of minerals drawn by hydraulic dismantling, or between operations within the beneficiation plant. The design of the slurry pumping systems requires the knowledge of the flow variables, as the head loss (ΔP) and the deposition velocity (Vd). Some prediction models for such variables are discussed in this dissertation. Despite the irrefutable importance of this type of transportation, there is still no agreement on the validity of the existing models. Their limitations make unfeasible to use them, and much more is necessary to improve in this field. This work aimed to make a comparative analysis of the deposition velocity models proposed by Durand and Condolios (1952), Wasp et al. (1977) and Wilson et al. (2006), and the head loss models proposed by Durand and Condolios (1952), Wasp et al. (1977) and Newitt et al. (1955) with laboratory results. The accuracy of the models, despite the limitations of each one, is crucial if pumping system design variables are established using these models. The comparison was based on laboratory tests performed on three diameter test loops, 2 \", 3\" and 4 \" with iron ore, carbonatite and sand a concentrations of 15%, 30% and 50% in weight solids concentrations. Working with different ore grain sizes and densities ores and pulps with different concentrations we can analyze the interference of these parameters in the flow and in the models use. The Vd models were very useful, and the Durand and Condolios (1952) model showed the best correlations for all ores studied. However, the head loss models did not show acceptable correlations with the laboratory results, endorsing the indications of some authors, such as Chaves (2012) and Abulnaga (2002), who do not recommend the use of prediction models for head loss in these systems sizing. Alternatively, it is possible to use pilot plants and laboratory tests.

The Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) manufactured by Baker Hughes, model no. WJE-1000 is designed for wells that are expected to have a high content of abrasive solids. It is a mixed flow, tandem compression type pump. Although the erosion of the pump diffuser and impeller stages are significant, the ESP study shows that the most sever failure is due to components that affect the pump’s rotor dynamics such as radial bearings and impeller seals when eroded with 100 mesh sand. Erosion of these seals will result in an internal leakage that can significantly affect stage pressure rise, efficiency, power consumption, vibration, pump life and running cost. The erosion study utilizing 100 mesh fracture sand at 0.2% concentration, with the pump operating at 3600 RPM, 40 PSI intake pressure, 1150 GPM for over 117 hours comparisons are made to the pump’s baseline performance. Measurements of the rotor bearings, impeller seals and their corresponding stators showed that the wear patterns generally increase with time and differ by location. Stage 1 bearings and seals suffered the least amount of erosion and stage 3 rotor components suffered the most erosion. The maximum change in stage 3 bearing clearances was 223% and the maximum change in stage 3 impeller seal clearances was 300%. Performance wise the total pump efficiency dropped by 6.77%, the total pressure rise dropped by 6.3%, the pump’s best efficiency point decreased by 0.78%, and the power consumption increased by 0.49%. Pump vibration patterns also changed with time and by location. The maximum shaft orbit diameter was at stage 3 and it grew 643% in diameter after 117 hours of erosion. The waterfall plots of the pump’s ramp up changed significantly with time. After 117 hours at 3600 RPM, sub-synchronous oscillations at 67% of the synchronous speed dominated the amplitude peaks showing that the rotor vibration locked with the rotor’s first natural frequency at around 2500 RPM. After 117 hours, another sub-synchronous started showing a peak at the rotor’s second natural frequency at 1500 RPM.

碩士
國立成功大學
工業與資訊管理學系專班
95
Most of engineers who are employed at a semiconductor foundry only depend on the accumulation of maintain experience or consult manual books to find out trouble reasons and the staff's loyalty to the company not never wavered. Thus it is difficult to make enterprises toward staff's training. A fault diagnosis technology has been established in expert system. But knowledge engineer is difficult to construct knowledge and analyses reliability problem from knowledge data. In view of this issue, our research adopts hierarchical censored production rule (HCPR)-based system to help knowledge engineer build a systematic fault diagnosis advisory system. This system would strengthen personnel's ability of controlling to the system and reduce the risk of operating. In order to test and verify this fault diagnosis advisory system, we establish an application software by Visual Basic. We also arrange an experimental design to make an efficiency analysis. These results would prove that this fault diagnosis advisory system is suitable to made great progress for novices.

A Pipeline Analytical Program and Dredging Knowledge{Base Expert{System (DKBES) determines a pipeline dredge's production and resulting cost and schedule. Pipeline dredge engineering presents a complex and dynamic process necessary to maintain navigable waterways. Dredge engineers use pipeline engineering and slurry transport principles to determine the production rate of a pipeline dredge system. Engineers then use cost engineering factors to determine the expense of the dredge project. Previous work in engineering incorporated an object{oriented expert{system to determine cost and scheduling of mid{rise building construction where data objects represent the fundamental elements of the construction process within the program execution. A previously developed dredge cost estimating spreadsheet program which uses hydraulic engineering and slurry transport principles determines the performance metrics of a dredge pump and pipeline system. This study focuses on combining hydraulic analysis with the functionality of an expert{system to determine the performance metrics of a dredge pump and pipeline system and its resulting schedule. Field data from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers pipeline dredge, Goetz, and several contract daily dredge reports show how accurately the DKBES can predict pipeline dredge production. Real{time dredge instrumentation data from the Goetz compares the accuracy of the Pipeline Analytical Program to actual dredge operation. Comparison of the Pipeline Analytical Program to pipeline daily dredge reports shows how accurately the Pipeline Analytical Program can predict a dredge project's schedule over several months. Both of these comparisons determine the accuracy and validity of the Pipeline Analytical Program and DKBES as they calculate the performance metrics of the pipeline dredge project. The results of the study determined that the Pipeline Analytical Program compared closely to the Goetz eld data where only pump and pipeline hydraulics a ected the dredge production. Results from the dredge projects determined the Pipeline Analytical Program underestimated actual long{term dredge production. Study results identi ed key similarities and di erences between the DKBES and spreadsheet program in terms of cost and scheduling. The study then draws conclusions based on these ndings and o ers recommendations for further use.