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Journal articles on the topic 'Small animal clinic'
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1
UCHINO, TOMIYA. "Epidemiology in Small Animal Veterinary Medicine. Applycations of Epidemiological Data Analysis in Small Animal Veterinary Clinic." Journal of Veterinary Epidemiology 3, no. 2 (1999): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2743/jve.3.73.
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Dhein, Cheryl R. "Online Small Animal Case Simulations, a.k.a. The Virtual Veterinary Clinic." Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 32, no. 1 (2005): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jvme.32.1.93.
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Oberholtzer, Jennifer A., and Erik H. Hofmeister. "Perception of small animal cardiopulmonary resuscitation of owners presenting to a small animal teaching clinic including a large first opinion service." Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 30, no. 4 (2020): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vec.12975.
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Vidic, V., S. Savic, B. Vidic, and Z. Grgic. "Importance and application of marketing in small animal practice." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 29, no. 4 (2013): 741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1304741v.
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The main goals of marketing are the following: firstly, to attract new customers by emphasizing the potential value of the product or service offered and secondly, to keep the existing customers by keeping them satisfied with the product or service by constantly producing superior value and exceeding their expectations. Contrary to the U.S.A., where greatest achievements were accomplished in the field of marketing theory and application and its implementation into veterinary practice, as well as in appropriate perception of importance of marketing idea and philosophy, this issue has not been appropriately addressed in our country. The main goal of marketing in veterinary practice is not only to sell a product or service, but also to create mutual profitable long-term relations with clients. Disregarding personal reasons for practicing veterinary medicine, particularly in small-animal practice, the veterinarian should approach such practice as any other business activity that should provide profits. In that respect, it is of key importance to adopt marketing approach and management concept. The four basic marketing instruments are product, price, promotion and place that make so-called marketing mix, which is applicable also in the veterinary practice. In veterinary medicine, the product pertains to spent items (e.g. drugs, food) or veterinary services. By determining the price, the basis is the cost price and added profit margin, depending on the product or service offered. The promotion encompasses communication with the owners, presenting them products and services offered, describing the features of the clinic or infirmary, etc. Contrary to other business branches, position of veterinary unit is not so important, yet it must provide good communication with animal owner. The overall experience of the customer, starting from entering the clinic/infirmary until leaving it, must be professional, pleasant and effective. Only accomplishing this goal will enable competitiveness or justify even a higher price for a superior service.
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Flatland, Bente, and Glade Weiser. "The Elephant in the Room (and How to Lead It Out): In-Clinic Laboratory Quality Challenges." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 50, no. 6 (2014): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6231.
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Over 30 yr of technological evolution have resulted in sophisticated instrumentation for in-clinic laboratories, yet there is no regulatory oversight of diagnostic testing quality. Long overdue, the veterinary profession must address quality assurance (QA) of diagnostic testing. Each practice must weigh the responsibility for laboratory instrumentation test results that are often a combination of in-clinic and send-out testing. Challenges faced by clinic staff maintaining in-clinic laboratories include lack of training in QA and quality control (QC), lack of emphasis placed on QA/QC by instrument suppliers, QC financial and time costs, and a general lack of laboratory QA/QC support resources in the veterinary community. Possible solutions include increased continuing education opportunities and the provision of guidelines and other resources by national veterinary organizations; specialty certification of veterinary technicians; an increasing role of veterinary clinical pathologists as QA/QC consultants; and development of external quality assessment programs aimed at veterinary practices. The potential exists for animal health companies to lead in this effort by innovating instrument design, providing QC services, and exploiting instrument connectivity to monitor performance. Veterinary laboratory QA/QC is a neglected aspect of the profession. In coming years, veterinarians will hopefully find increased support for this core practice component.
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Vilensky, L. I. "To the atrial fibrillation and flutter clinic." Kazan medical journal 20, no. 3 (2021): 246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj76460.
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The study of atrial fibrillation began in the 50s of the last century, thanks to the studies of Hoffa and Karl Ludwig, who first noted, in animal experiments, such a work of the heart in which individual segments of it produce frequent, small fibrillar movements and are unable to rhythmic coordinated contractions.
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IGNA, Cornel, Daniel BUMB, Bogdan SICOE, Larisa SCHUSZLER, and Cristian ZAHA. "Retrospective Study of Infection Rate in Small Animal Surgery – of UBASMV Timișoara (2007-2017)." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 75, no. 2 (2018): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2018.0037.
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Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain an important concern in veterinary practice. The purpose of this work was to determine the SSIs rate in the Surgery Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timișoara and to correlate SSIs incidence with surgical wound classification by degree of contamination and with the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis and / or applied therapy. Records of all animals operated on between 2007 and 2017 were closely checked for development of postoperative wound infection and were reviewed. The rate of surgical site infection was 0.77%, and by categories was 0.70% in clean surgeries, 0.15% in clean-contaminated surgeries, 1.76% in contaminated surgeries, and 1.08% in infected surgeries. Baseline information for SSIs surveillance in our surgical clinic and for comparison with other studies was defined. SSIs frequency in companion animals in our service is comparable with the frequency observed in another studies.
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Neto, J. Bartolomei, A. L. Vasconcelos, A. S. Ferreira, F. S. C. Santi, W. V. Lazarotto, and A. A. Novais. "Intussusception in cat: case report." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 6 (2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1362020974.
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Intestinal obstruction is among the most common causes requiring surgical intervention in the small animal clinic. The more proximal and complete the obstruction, the more acute and intense the signs will be and the greater the likelihood of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and even death. Among the causes of intestinal obstruction, intussusception may be the one with the highest prevalence. It is usually of idiopathic origin, has no racial and sexual predisposition, and its highest incidence is found in young animals. Predisposing factors are often associated, such as parasitism, gastroenteritis and foreign bodies where the treatment is usually surgical. In the present study we describe a case of a feline, female, one year and two months old with intestinal obstruction, presenting with four days' emesis, hypophagia, dehydration and apathy. This work aims to contribute to the knowledge and alert to a rapid differential diagnosis of intestinal obstructions which is a frequent and important disorder in the small animal clinic and is not always diagnosed in time.
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Green, C. J. "Microsurgery in the clinic and laboratory." Laboratory Animals 21, no. 1 (1987): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367787780740734.
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Laboratory animals have been crucial to the development of modern microsurgical techniques which are now routinely used in many clinical departments worldwide. In return, microsurgical techniques are important in biomedical research as they allow many surgical procedures to be performed on rodents instead of dogs, pigs or primates. This has obvious advantages in terms of low cost, the use of statistically valid numbers for comparison and the availability of genetically defined animals which are more likely to give valid answers to immunological questions. Microsurgical reconstruction is important in plastic, orthopaedic, urogenital, vascular and peripheral nerve surgery in man and it is likely that it will become part of every surgeon's training in the near future. In this review, the instrumentation essential to any microsurgical enterprise and the sutures available are described. Basic microsurgical techniques for end-to-end and end-to-side anastomosis of small vessels and for joining peripheral nerves, oviducts and other tubular structures are given in outline. Techniques for transplanting kidney, heart, heart and lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, small bowel, stomach, testicle, ovary and whole joint are only outlined but key references are given. Finally, some of the clinical indications for microsurgical reconstruction are reviewed.
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Weese, J. Scott, Henri R. Staempfli, and John F. Prescott. "Isolation of Environmental Clostridium Difficile from a Veterinary Teaching Hospital." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12, no. 5 (2000): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870001200510.
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An environmental survey of a veterinary teaching hospital for the presence of Clostridium difficile was performed using contact plates and cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose with 0.1% sodium taurocholate agar. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 24 of 381 sites (6.3%). Growth was obtained from 4.5% (9/202) of sites sampled in the Large Animal Clinic, from 8.1% (13/160) of sites within the Small Animal Clinic, and from 20% (2/10) of sites sampled elsewhere. Fourteen of 21 strains tested produced toxins in vitro. A geographic association was found with areas in the large animal clinic where nosocomial C. difficile diarrhea in horses had previously been diagnosed. Several other sites with a potential for nosocomial transmission of the organism were identified. Areas from which C. difficile was isolated tended to be areas with high animal traffic, with increased chance of fecal contamination, and with rough, difficult to clean surfaces. This study documents the prevalence of this organism in the environment and its potential role in nosocomial disease.
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Vargova, G., D. Takacova, and L. Bodnarova. "Determination of carcass cooling rates using nomograms – a pilot study." Veterinární Medicína 64, No. 02 (2019): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/83/2018-vetmed.
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Knowing the time of death of animals can be helpful for the forensic determination of death due to cruelty. We aimed to determine the time of death of companion animal carcasses, euthanised at an outpatient’s department (Small Animal Clinic) of the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice. The reasons for euthanasia included age of animals, medical state or incurable disease which affected the quality of life. Animal carcasses (33 bodies) were divided into seven groups according to their weight, species and environmental conditions into which they were placed, which were chosen so as to imitate real conditions under which dead animals could be found. We continually measured body temperature until it dropped down to ambient temperature. The post-mortem cooling curve revealed dependencies related to the temperature drop, the weight of carcasses, the place where animals rested and the internal and external environment. Results from the cooling process and obtained time of death may be deduced from a nomogram in field practice.
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Bischoff, Nadja, Sandra Wimberger, Marcello Maresca, and Cord Brakebusch. "Improving Precise CRISPR Genome Editing by Small Molecules: Is there a Magic Potion?" Cells 9, no. 5 (2020): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051318.
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Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) genome editing has become a standard method in molecular biology, for the establishment of genetically modified cellular and animal models, for the identification and validation of drug targets in animals, and is heavily tested for use in gene therapy of humans. While the efficiency of CRISPR mediated gene targeting is much higher than of classical targeted mutagenesis, the efficiency of CRISPR genome editing to introduce defined changes into the genome is still low. Overcoming this problem will have a great impact on the use of CRISPR genome editing in academic and industrial research and the clinic. This review will present efforts to achieve this goal by small molecules, which modify the DNA repair mechanisms to facilitate the precise alteration of the genome.
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Ward, Melody J., April E. Blong, and Rebecca A. Walton. "Feline cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Getting the most out of all nine lives." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 23, no. 5 (2021): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x211004811.
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Practical relevance: Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) can occur in any veterinary or animal care setting and is a particular risk in scenarios involving ill, injured or anesthetized patients. Education of all staff on the prevention and recognition of CPA, as well as the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), is vital to influencing outcome. Evidence base: While there is a plethora of information regarding CPA and CPR in human medicine, there are comparably few studies in the veterinary literature. Many of the current veterinary guidelines are extrapolated from human medicine or studies based on animal models. Ongoing work is needed to tailor guidelines and recommendations to our domestic feline (and canine) patients in a clinical setting. Aim: The aim of this article, which is intended for veterinarians in all areas of small animal practice, is to provide an evidence-based review of CPA and CPR in feline patients. The authors have drawn heavily on detailed recommendations published by the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) initiative – one of the few resources specific to the veterinary clinical setting – as well as reviewing the available peer-reviewed literature studies, in constructing this article. Among the topics discussed are recognizing and preventing CPA, staff training and clinic preparedness, basic life support and advanced life support interventions, and appropriate post-cardiac arrest care.
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WOJTAŚ, JUSTYNA, and ALEKSANDRA GARBIEC. "Analysis of the causes and effectiveness of whole blood transfusion procedures carried out in dogs and cats in 2014-2018 in a Polish veterinary clinic." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 77, no. 07 (2021): 6549–2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6549.
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Nowadays, veterinary medicine develops as quickly as human medicine, and companion animals are treated as family members. As a result, advanced procedures, such as blood transfusions, are used more frequently to save animal life. The present study analyzes blood transfusions carried out in dogs and cats in 2014-2018 in a veterinary clinic for small animals in Poland. The number of transfusions performed, indications for their implementation due to disease, as well as the effects of this procedure, are discussed. This method of treatment, although potentially life-saving, is not always effective and carries a risk of adverse reactions.
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Greiner, Martina, Georg Wolf, and Katrin Hartmann. "Bacteraemia in 66 cats and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates (1995–2004)." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 9, no. 5 (2007): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2007.04.004.
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Bacterial blood culture results of 292 privately owned cats presented to the Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich with signs of sepsis were evaluated retrospectively. Of the blood cultures, 23% were positive. In 88%, a single bacterial species was isolated. Of all bacterial isolates, 45% were Gram-positive, 43% were Gram-negative, and 12% were obligate anaerobes. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Enterobacteriaceae, obligate anaerobic species, Staphylococcus species and Streptococcus species. Of the cats with positive blood cultures, 32% were pretreated with antibiotics. Of all bacterial isolates, 77% were susceptible to enrofloxacin, 69% to chloramphenicol, 67% to gentamicin, and 64% to amoxycillin clavulanic acid. Only enrofloxacin reached an in vitro efficacy of more than 70% against Gram-positive and more than 74% against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Segwagwe, Basiamisi, Eugene Jacobs, Simbarashe Chinyoka, et al. "A Survey of the Common Small Animal Surgical Procedures at A Regional State Veterinary Clinic in Namibia." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 66, no. 1 (2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.95564.
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Viegas, Carla, Ana Monteiro, Edna Ribeiro, et al. "Organic dust exposure in veterinary clinics: a case study of a small-animal practice in Portugal." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 69, no. 4 (2018): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3171.
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AbstractLiterature about occupational health in small-animal veterinary practices is scarce, but most of it has recognised a number of risks to be considered, including organic dust exposure. The aim of this pilot study was to assess organic dust, bacterial, and fungal contamination in the indoor environment of a typical Portuguese veterinary clinic but also to screen for azoleresistant fungi. To complement these findings we also analysed workers’ nasal exudates for resistant bacteriota. Particles measurements included mass concentrations (PMC) of five particle sizes (PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10) and their counts (PNC). Indoor air samples were obtained from six locations as well as before and during cat dental cleaning and cultured on four media for bacterial and fungal assessment. An outdoor sample was also collected for reference Surface samples were taken from the same indoor locations using swabs and we also use electrostatic dust cloths as passive methods. PM10 showed the highest concentrations across the locations. Indoor air fungal loads ranged from 88 to 504 CFU m−3. The azole-resistant Aspergillus section Nigri was identified in one sample. Indoor air bacterial loads ranged from 84 to 328 CFU m-3. Nasopharyngeal findings in the 14 veterinary clinic workers showed a remarkably low prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (7.1 %). Our results point to contamination with organic dusts above the WHO limits and to the need for better ventilation. Future studies should combine the same sampling protocol (active and passive methods) with molecular tools to obtain more accurate risk characterisation. In terms of prevention, animals should be caged in rooms separate from where procedures take place, and worker protection should be observed at all times.
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Wilder, Amelia, and Karen Humm. "Pet owners’ awareness of animal blood banks and their motivations towards animal blood donation." Veterinary Record 185, no. 16 (2019): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105139.
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The general public’s awareness of, and attitude to, canine and feline blood donation is poorly understood. Increasing understanding of pet owners’ thoughts about donation may allow more effective blood donor recruitment. The aims of this study were to investigate pet owners’ awareness of small animal blood donation and their attitude and motivations regarding their pet being a blood donor. A mixed methods approach was used, with data collected from 158 pet owners attending a first-opinion veterinary clinic using a written questionnaire of closed and open questions. Most owners were unaware that dogs and cats could donate blood (70 per cent). However, 89 per cent stated they would be willing to let their pet donate blood if they were suitable. This was more likely if the owner did not work full time and less likely if they were aged over 71 years. Thematic analysis of owners’ motivations and deterrents towards pet blood donation resulted in four key themes: ‘Beneficence’, the desire to help others; ‘Necessity of service’, a recognition of the requirement for blood products; ‘Reciprocity’, a hope that if they participated this would result in blood products being available for their pet; and ‘Reservations and concerns’.
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da Luz Ferro, Sayonara, Ewerton Cardoso, Fernanda Jönck, Marta Cristina Thomas Heckler, and Bruna Warmling. "Surgical treatment of bilateral fracture of the femoral diaphysis in a dog using intramedullary pins and cerclage – case report." Clínica Veterinária XXII, no. 129 (2017): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46958/rcv.2017.xxii.n.129.p.36-44.
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Fractures are interruptions in bone continuity of frequent occurrence in small animal clinics. Causes vary widely and diagnosis is usually obtained during clinical examination and by means of radiography, which provide fundamental information regarding the type and complexity of the fracture. Long bones fractures are generally treated by open reduction and internal fixation; secondary methods may be associated in case of instability. The present study reports the case of a 5-month-old male mongrel dog with bilateral fracture of the femoral diaphysis caused by a car accident. The animal was attended at a private veterinary clinic in the city of Criciúma, SC, where it underwent surgery. Femoral osteosynthesis was obtained by means of multiple intramedullary pins associated with cerclage as a stabilization method, which was needed due to the characteristics of the fracture. The technique proved efficient to stabilize the fracture, without postoperative complications.
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Galvão, Flávio Henrique Ferreira, Eduardo Pompeu, Nicolas Panajotopoulos, Vinicius Rocha Santos, Telésforo Bacchella, and Marcel Cerqueira César Machado. "Orthotopic small intestine transplantation in dogs with systemic graft drainage." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 42, no. 3 (2005): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032005000300011.
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BACKGROUND: Small intestine transplantation has been accepted worldwide to treat complex cases of intestinal failure. Canine intestinal transplantation model is important in training the surgical technique and to study the complications of this procedure. Systemic graft venous drainage is frequently performed in clinic, although the consequences of this partial meso-caval shunt have not been studied in detail. AIM: To describe the surgical technique and clinical outcome of a canine intestinal transplantation model using mesenteric-caval graft drainage. METHOD: Adult mongrel dogs from University of São Paulo Animal Facility, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, were used as donors and recipients in ten consecutives orthotopic intestinal transplantation with mesenteric-caval venous drainage. Clinical examination and body weight measurement were performed daily in all animals. Necropsy was performed in animals presenting moribund state (lethargic posture, diarrhea and loss of over 35% of body weight) to determine cause of death and histological changes. RESULTS: Three recipients died before day 2 from technical complications and were excluded from the experiment. The remaining seven animals developed signs of graft rejection with onset on days 3-4 and died or were sacrificed presenting severe graft rejection between days 7-9. Necropsy and histology of the graft confirmed the diagnosis of severe acute cellular rejection. CONCLUSION: Small intestine transplantation with systemic drainage in dogs courses with analogous and lethal outcome between postoperative day 7 to 9 due to strong graft rejection. This model serves as an excellent pre-clinical model to study the main complications related to this transplantation.
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Horsburgh, Karen, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Tom van Agtmael, et al. "Small vessels, dementia and chronic diseases – molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology." Clinical Science 132, no. 8 (2018): 851–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20171620.
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Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major contributor to stroke, cognitive impairment and dementia with limited therapeutic interventions. There is a critical need to provide mechanistic insight and improve translation between pre-clinical research and the clinic. A 2-day workshop was held which brought together experts from several disciplines in cerebrovascular disease, dementia and cardiovascular biology, to highlight current advances in these fields, explore synergies and scope for development. These proceedings provide a summary of key talks at the workshop with a particular focus on animal models of cerebral vascular disease and dementia, mechanisms and approaches to improve translation. The outcomes of discussion groups on related themes to identify the gaps in knowledge and requirements to advance knowledge are summarized.
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Weiss, S., K. Kadlec, A. T. Fessler, and S. Schwarz. "Complete sequence of a multiresistance plasmid from a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis ST5 isolated in a small animal clinic." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 69, no. 3 (2013): 847–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkt399.
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Zechner, Veronika, Dmitrij Sofka, Peter Paulsen, and Friederike Hilbert. "Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli and Resistance Genes in Coliphages from a Small Animal Clinic and in a Patient Dog with Chronic Urinary Tract Infection." Antibiotics 9, no. 10 (2020): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9100652.
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Antimicrobial resistance is on the rise in certain pathogens that infect pets and their owners. This has raised concerns about the use of antibiotics and the transfer of resistance elements in small animal clinics. We sampled a surgery unit, diagnostic rooms after disinfection, and a dog with chronic urinary tract infection (UTI), in a small animal clinic in Austria, and isolated/characterized phages and Escherichia (E.) coli for antimicrobial resistance, resistance genes and transduction ability. Neither the coliphages nor E. coli were isolated in the 20 samples of the surgery units and diagnostic rooms. From the urinary tract of the dog, we recovered 57 E. coli isolates and 60 coliphages. All of the E. coli isolates were determined as resistant against nalidixic acid, 47 against ampicillin, 34 against sulfonamides, and 33 against streptomycin. No isolate held resistance against tetracycline, trimethoprim, kanamycin, or chloramphenicol. Among the 60 phages, 29 tested positive for one or more resistance gene(s) by PCR, but none was able to transduce it to a laboratory strain or to an E. coli isolated from samples. Nevertheless, six phages out of 60 were able to transduce ampicillin resistance (bla gene) after being grown on a puc19 harboring E. coli strain.
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Yeon, SC, HN Erb, and KA Houpt. "A retrospective study of canine house soiling: diagnosis and treatment." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 35, no. 2 (1999): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-35-2-101.
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A retrospective study was conducted to determine the relative frequency and type of elimination problem seen in dogs at a university referral practice and to evaluate the efficacy of the suggested treatments. Cases presented to the Animal Behavior Clinic at Cornell University between 1987 and 1996 were reviewed. Of 1,173 cases, 105 (9%) were house-soiling cases. Of these cases, the authors obtained outcome information from 70. Within the diagnosis of house soiling, incomplete housebreaking (n=59; 84%) were the most frequent referral cases, of which 48 cases (81%; 95% confidence interval, 69% to 90%) improved. Separation anxiety was considered the second most common underlying cause (n=27; 39%), of which 85% (n=23; 95% confidence interval, 66% to 96%) improved. Behavior modification was the most often suggested treatment (n=58), with 48 (83%) cases improving. Behavior modification consisted of accompanying the dog to the preferred elimination area, rewarding the dog for eliminating there, and punishing the dog only when caught in the act of house soiling. These results suggest that correct house training, behavior modification involving positive reinforcement, and appropriate punishment are essential to diminish house-soiling problems in dogs.
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Rambozzi, Luisa, Arianna Menzano, Alessandro Mannelli, Simona Romano, and Maria Cristina Isaia. "Prevalence of cryptosporidian infection in cats in Turin and analysis of risk factors." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 9, no. 5 (2007): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2007.03.005.
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An epidemiological study was carried out to identify factors associated with the risk of cryptosporidian infection in cats. Faecal samples from 200 domestic cats were collected in the small animal clinic at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Turin (north-west Italy). The faecal samples were analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium species oocysts using a centrifugation concentration floatation method. For each cat, age, sex, breed, indoor/outdoor status, diet, diarrhoea and presence of other enteric parasites were analysed for association with Cryptosporidium species infection. Cryptosporidia oocysts were identified in 49 cats (24.5%) aged from 2 months to 18 years. Statistical analysis revealed that four variables are significantly associated with an increased risk of infection: less than 1 year of age ( χ2=6.5, P=0.01), feeding home-cooked diet ( χ2=6.92, P<0.01), presence of diarrhoea ( χ2=4.34, P<0.037), and presence of other enteric parasites ( χ2=10.31, P<0.01). No statistical differences were found for sex ( χ2=1.56, P=0.21), breed ( χ2=0.78, P=0.38) and outdoor/indoor status ( χ2=1.49, P=0.22). Cryptosporidium species was the parasite most frequently detected in the cats surveyed.
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Dias, Maria Luíza de M., Joanlise M. Leon Andrade, Márcio B. de Castro, and Paula D. Galera. "Survival analysis of female dogs with mammary tumors after mastectomy: epidemiological, clinical and morphological aspects." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, no. 3 (2016): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016000300006.
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Abstract: Mammary gland tumors are the most common type of tumors in bitches but research on survival time after diagnosis is scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between survival time after mastectomy and a number of clinical and morphological variables. Data was collected retrospectively on bitches with mammary tumors seen at the Small Animal Surgery Clinic Service at the University of Brasília. All subjects had undergone mastectomy. Survival analysis was conducted using Cox's proportional hazard method. Of the 139 subjects analyzed, 68 died and 71 survived until the end of the study (64 months). Mean age was 11.76 years (SD=2.71), 53.84% were small dogs. 76.92% of the tumors were malignant, and 65.73% had both thoracic and inguinal glands affected. Survival time in months was associated with age (hazard rate ratios [HRR] =1.23, p-value =1.4x10-4), animal size (HRR between giant and small animals =2.61, p-value =0.02), nodule size (HRR =1.09, p-value =0.03), histological type (HRR between solid carcinoma and carcinoma in a mixed tumor =2.40, p-value =0.02), time between diagnosis and surgery (TDS, with HRR =1.21, p-value =2.7x10-15), and the interaction TDS*follow-up time (HRR =0.98, p-value =1.6x10-11). The present study is one of the few on the subject matter. Several important covariates were evaluated and age, animal size, nodule size, histological type, TDS and TDS*follow up time were identified as significantly associated to survival time.
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Garcez, T. N. A., D. G. Gerardi, K. C. Ferreira, C. S. Cardoso, P. D. Möschbacher, and E. A. Contesini. "Topical treatment of actinic keratosis with imiquimod 5% cream." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 64, no. 6 (2012): 1524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352012000600018.
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The viability and the efficiency of imiquimod 5% cream in a cat which suffered from nasal actinic keratosis were evaluated. The procedures were carried out at home by the owners themselves. Six packets of the cream were used, one per week, in three consecutive daily applications, with a four-day interval (without treatment). The cytological results were negative for neoplastic cells 30 days after the end of the treatment. A clinical revision was conducted 18 months later and the animal showed no signs of recurrence. The cream proved to be safe and efficient. There are no reports regarding efficiency in animals concerning the treatment with imiquimod 5% cream and also regarding other effects related to this treatment. A case report presenting a positive response can reveal with terapeutical possibilities that it would be easily available and applicable for all professionals. In the future it would be a new alternative to avoid progressions of this kind of neoplasia which is often observed in the small animal clinic.
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Weiß, Sonja, Kristina Kadlec, Andrea T. Feßler, and Stefan Schwarz. "Identification and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus pettenkoferi from a small animal clinic." Veterinary Microbiology 167, no. 3-4 (2013): 680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.036.
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Mack, Isabela Da Costa. "Pancreatite em Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais: uma Revisão de Literatura / Pancreatitis in Small Animal Medical Clinic: a Literature Review." ID on line REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA 14, no. 50 (2020): 854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/idonline.v14i50.2479.
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A pancreatite consiste na inflamação do pâncreas, órgão responsável pela produção de enzimas digestivas, de insulina e glucagon, que são responsáveis por regular os níveis de açúcar no sangue. Sendo essa enfermidade comum em cães e gatos, o presente artigo tem como finalidade tratar a respeito da doença, seus sintomas, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico a partir de uma revisão de literatura com base em artigos científicos coletados no Google Acadêmico, uma dissertação de mestrado, um trabalho de conclusão de curso e um artigo publicado em um site especializado em medicina veterinária. Ao fim, conclui-se que existem dois tipos da doença, o agudo e o crônico, e que o prognóstico será mais ou menos favorável dependendo do estado geral do paciente. Além disso, o tratamento recomendado consiste basicamente em fluidoterapia e administração de analgésicos, antimicrobianos e antieméticos, com possibilidade de transfusão de plasma para animais em estados mais graves, sendo pouco recomendada a intervenção cirúrgica em virtude dos altos riscos que esse procedimento oferece. Palavras-chaves: Pancreatite; Inflamação; Pâncreas; Medicina Veterinária.
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Huizing, Xander, Andy Sparkes, and Ruth Dennis. "Shape of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone related to breed on MRI of 200 cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 10 (2016): 1065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16676022.
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Objectives The MRI features of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone have not previously been described in the literature. The aims of this study were three-fold. Firstly, to document variations in cerebellar shape on MRI in neurologically normal cats to support our hypothesis that crowding of the contents of the caudal fossa or herniation of the cerebellar vermis through the foramen magnum occurs frequently as an anatomical variant. Secondly, to document variations in the morphology of the occipital bone. Thirdly, to see whether these variations in shape of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone could be associated with head conformation, such as brachycephaly. Methods The imaging records of the small animal clinic at the Animal Health Trust between 2000 and 2013 were searched retrospectively to identify adult cats that had undergone high-field (1.5 T) MRI investigation which included the brain. Exclusion criteria included evidence of intracranial disease or the presence of cervical syringomyelia. Midline sagittal T2-weighted and transverse images were used to assess the occipital bone morphology and cerebellar shape, and to measure the width to length ratio of the cranial cavity. Results Fourteen different breeds were represented. A cerebellar shape consistent with crowding of the contents of the caudal fossa, or herniation through the foramen magnum was present in 40% of the entire population. Persians (recognised as a brachycephalic breed) had a higher proportion of cerebellar crowding or herniation than all other breeds. There was no significant difference in the distribution of occipital bone morphology between these breed groups. Conclusions and relevance It is important to recognise morphological variations of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone in order to avoid false-positive diagnoses of raised intracranial pressure and pathological herniation on MRI.
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Fiordelisi, Maria Felicia, Carlo Cavaliere, Luigi Auletta, Luca Basso, and Marco Salvatore. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Translational Research in Oncology." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (2019): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111883.
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The translation of results from the preclinical to the clinical setting is often anything other than straightforward. Indeed, ideas and even very intriguing results obtained at all levels of preclinical research, i.e., in vitro, on animal models, or even in clinical trials, often require much effort to validate, and sometimes, even useful data are lost or are demonstrated to be inapplicable in the clinic. In vivo, small-animal, preclinical imaging uses almost the same technologies in terms of hardware and software settings as for human patients, and hence, might result in a more rapid translation. In this perspective, magnetic resonance imaging might be the most translatable technique, since only in rare cases does it require the use of contrast agents, and when not, sequences developed in the lab can be readily applied to patients, thanks to their non-invasiveness. The wide range of sequences can give much useful information on the anatomy and pathophysiology of oncologic lesions in different body districts. This review aims to underline the versatility of this imaging technique and its various approaches, reporting the latest preclinical studies on thyroid, breast, and prostate cancers, both on small laboratory animals and on human patients, according to our previous and ongoing research lines.
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Wagener, Matthias Gerhard, Saskia Neubert, Teresa Maria Punsmann, Steffen B. Wiegand, and Martin Ganter. "Relationships between Body Condition Score (BCS), FAMACHA©-Score and Haematological Parameters in Alpacas (Vicugna pacos), and Llamas (Lama glama) Presented at the Veterinary Clinic." Animals 11, no. 9 (2021): 2517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092517.
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South American camelids (SAC) are being more and more presented at the veterinary Clinics in Germany. A bad nutritional condition, which can be easily categorized using a body condition score (BCS) of the animals, is often not noticed by the owners. Further anaemia is also often only detected in an advanced stage in SAC. Clinical detection of anaemia can be performed by assessing the FAMACHA©-score (FS), that is adapted from small ruminants. So far, there is only little information available about BCS and FS in SAC. In this study, both clinical scores were assessed in alpacas and llamas presented at the veterinary clinic and compared with the haematological parameters from the animals. The data were extracted retrospectively from the animals’ medical records and compared statistically. More than half of the alpacas (60%) and llamas (70%) had a BCS < 3, while 12% of the alpacas and 21% of the llamas had a FS > 2. A decreased BCS was associated with a decrease in haematocrit, haemoglobin, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, as well as an increase in FS and neutrophils. BCS and FS should be assessed regularly in SAC to detect emaciation and anaemia in time.
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Iliev, P. T., G. Zhelev, A. Ivanov, and P. Prelezov. "Demodex cati and feline immunodeficiency virus co-infection in a cat." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 22, no. 2 (2019): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2026.
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A case of co-infection due to Demodex cati and feline immunodeficiency virus in a cat is described. A 5 year-old neutered male cat was presented to the Small Animal Clinic at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University with lethargy, diarrhoea, pyrexia, anorexia, adipsia, skin lesions, intense itching and alopecia. Parasitological, mycological and serological examinations were carried out. Adult D. cati mites and antibodies against FIV were detected. A proper therapy with an endectocide, antibiotic and antihistamine drug was prescribed. The improvement of the general condition was observed after a month of treatment. Later, the disease recurred twice and the animal was humanely euthanased for medical reasons and at the owner’s request.
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Donche, S., J. Verhoeven, C. Bouckaert, et al. "P13.21 PET-based dose painting radiation therapy strategy in a glioblastoma rat model using the small animal radiation research platform." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_2 (2021): ii37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab180.127.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Previously, a rat glioblastoma model to mimic chemo-radiation treatment of human glioblastoma in the clinic was established. Similarly to the clinic, CT and MRI were combined during the treatment planning process. PET imaging was subsequently added which allowed us to implement sub-volume boosting using a micro-irradiation system. However, combining three imaging modalities (CT, MRI and PET) using a micro-irradiation system, proved to be labour intensive because multimodal imaging, treatment planning and dose delivery have to be completed sequentially in the preclinical setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two different methodologies were compared in silico for performing preclinical [18F]FET PET based radiation therapy (20 Gy based on MRI, 8 Gy boost based on PET) based on three different cases. Method 1 is based on the previously published methods1,2. However, the process is automated using an in-house developed MATLAB code. Method 2 consists of a more sophisticated method where a series of isocenters and jaw dimensions for the motorised variable collimator were determined based on the [18F]FET PET uptake. Both methods were evaluated by means of the dose volume histograms (DVH) and Q-volume histograms. RESULTS The setup parameters for both methods were calculated. The DVHs for method 2 are systematically closer to the ideal dose distribution compared to method 1. These findings are confirmed by the D90 and D50 values which are considerably lower for method 1. When observing the Q-factor, method 2 always results in dose distributions that are closer to the dose objectives (method 1: 0.141±0.046; method 2: 0.064±0.011). CONCLUSION The described novel method to optimize the preclinical treatment planning process has many advantages in terms of dose delivery, time efficiency and variability, when compared to the previously used methods1,2. These improvements are important to narrow the gap between clinical and preclinical radiation research and for the development of new therapeutics and/or radiation therapy procedures for glioblastoma. 1. Bolcaen, J., Descamps, B., Boterberg, T., Vanhove, C. & Goethals, I. PET and MRI Guided Irradiation of a Glioblastoma Rat Model Using a Micro-irradiator. J. Vis. Exp. 1–10 (2017) doi:10.3791/56601. 2. Verhoeven, J. et al. Technical feasibility of [18F]FET and [18F]FAZA PET guided radiotherapy in a F98 glioblastoma rat model. Radiat. Oncol. 14, (2019).
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Beatrice, Laura, Felicitas Schär Boretti, Nadja S. Sieber-Ruckstuhl, et al. "Concurrent endocrine neoplasias in dogs and cats: a retrospective study (2004–2014)." Veterinary Record 182, no. 11 (2018): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104199.
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Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is a well-known syndrome in human medicine, whereas only a few cases of concurrent endocrine neoplasias have been reported in dogs and cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of concurrent endocrine neoplasias in dogs and cats at our clinic, identify possible breed and sex predispositions and investigate similarities with MEN syndromes in humans. Postmortem reports of 951 dogs and 1155 cats that died or were euthanased at the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, between 2004 and 2014 were reviewed, and animals with at least two concurrent endocrine neoplasias and/or hyperplasias were included. Twenty dogs and 15 cats met the inclusion criteria. In dogs, the adrenal glands were most commonly affected. Multiple tumours affecting the adrenal glands and the association of these tumours with pituitary adenomas were the most common tumour combinations. Only one dog had a combination resembling human MEN type 1 syndrome (pituitary adenoma and insulinoma). In cats, the thyroid glands were most commonly affected and there were no similarities to human MEN syndromes. The prevalence of concurrent endocrine neoplasia was 2.1 per cent in dogs and 1.3 per cent in cats and MEN-like syndromes are very rare in these species.
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Ding, Hao, Andras Nagy, David H. Gutmann, and Abhijit Guha. "A review of astrocytoma models." Neurosurgical Focus 8, no. 4 (2000): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2000.8.4.2.
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Despite tremendous technical improvements in neuroimaging and neurosurgery, the prognosis for patients with malignant astrocytoma remains devastating because of the underlying biology and growth characteristics of the tumor. However, our understanding of the molecular bases of these tumors has greatly increased due to study findings involving operative specimens, astrocytoma predisposing human syndromes, teratogen-induced animal and established human astrocytoma cell lines, and more recently transgenic mouse models. Appropriate small-animal models of spontaneously occurring astrocytomas, which replicate the growth and molecular characteristics found in human tumors, are essential to test the relevance and interactions of these molecular aberrations. In addition, it is hoped that relevant molecular targets will eventually be therapeutically exploited to improve patient outcomes. Appropriate animal models are also essential for testing these novel biological therapies, before they are brought to the clinic, requiring a large investment of time and money. In this paper, various astrocytoma models are discussed, with emphasis on transgenic mouse models that are of great interest to laboratory investigators.
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Polizopoulou, S. Zoe, D. Nektarios Giadinis, Andreas Papahristou, and Nikolaos Papaioannou. "Neurological Diseases of Small Ruminants in Greece: A Retrospective Study in 114 Flocks." Acta Veterinaria 66, no. 2 (2016): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acve-2016-0014.
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Abstract Although neurological diseases comprise an important part of small ruminant internal medicine, the number of retrospective studies on their epidemiology conducted to date is limited. This study reports an extensive review of epidemiological data on the occurrence of neurological diseases in Greek sheep and goat herds. The survey was based on data retrieved from the records of the Farm Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, A.U.TH from January 2006 to May 2011. Historical information, clinical and neurological examination, clinicopathological and (if available) pathological evaluation were the minimum data recorded in each case. Diseases of the nervous system represented 37.9% and 19.2% of the total evaluated sheep and goat caseload, respectively. The most frequent neurological disorders diagnosed in sheep were chronic coenurosis and Scrapie, which accounted for 72% of cases, followed by less common conditions like ovine lentiviral encephalomyelitis (OLE), listeriosis and acute coenurosis. In goats the frequency of various types of neurological diseases was more evenly distributed, with listeriosis and polioencephalomalacia being the most commonly encountered problems.
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Karmaeva, S. G., E. M. Romanova, and L. A. Shadyeva. "Evaluation of the acaricidal effectiveness of drug by cats notodedrosis." Agrarian science, no. 5 (July 17, 2020): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-338-5-25-27.
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Relevance. Currently, the market for acaricidal drugs is very diverse. In this regard, the problem of finding effective drugs for the treatment of animal acaroses is of no small importance for practicing veterinary specialists.Methods and results. The paper deals with the issues of comparative acaricidal efficacy of aversectin ointment and amitrazine solution in cats notothedrosis. The studies were carried out on the basis of the veterinary clinic "Doctor Zoo" in Ulyanovsk. To achieve this goal, three groups of cats with notoedrosis were formed. For the treatment of animals of the first experimental group, aversectin ointment was used. Cats of the second experimental group were treated by treating the affected areas of the skin with amitrazine solution. The third group was not treated and served as a control. In the course of the study, the authors came to the conclu-sion that the amitrazine solution has a greater acaricidal activity in cat noothedrosis.
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Sjöholm, Erica, Rathna Mathiyalagan, Dhayakumar Rajan Prakash, et al. "3D-Printed Veterinary Dosage Forms—A Comparative Study of Three Semi-Solid Extrusion 3D Printers." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 12 (2020): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121239.
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Currently, the number of approved veterinary medicines are limited, and human medications are used off-label. These approved human medications are of too high potencies for a cat or a small dog breed. Therefore, there is a dire demand for smaller doses of veterinary medicines. This study aims to investigate the use of three semi-solid extrusion 3D printers in a pharmacy or animal clinic setting for the extemporaneous manufacturing of prednisolone containing orodispersible films for veterinary use. Orodispersible films with adequate content uniformity and acceptance values as defined by the European Pharmacopoeia were produced with one of the studied printers, namely the Allevi 2 bioprinter. Smooth and flexible films with high mechanical strength, neutral pH, and low moisture content were produced with a high correlation between the prepared design and the obtained drug amount, indicating that the Allevi 2 printer could successfully be used to extemporaneously manufacture personalized doses for animals at the point-of-care.
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Lo Monaco, Melissa, Greet Merckx, Jessica Ratajczak, et al. "Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair: Preclinical Studies and Insights in Translational Animal Models and Outcome Measures." Stem Cells International 2018 (2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9079538.
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Due to the restricted intrinsic capacity of resident chondrocytes to regenerate the lost cartilage postinjury, stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach for cartilage repair. Moreover, stem cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been used successfully in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite these promising reports, the exact mechanisms underlying stem cell-mediated cartilage repair remain uncertain. Stem cells can contribute to cartilage repair via chondrogenic differentiation, via immunomodulation, or by the production of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles. But before novel cell-based therapies for cartilage repair can be introduced into the clinic, rigorous testing in preclinical animal models is required. Preclinical models used in regenerative cartilage studies include murine, lapine, caprine, ovine, porcine, canine, and equine models, each associated with its specific advantages and limitations. This review presents a summary of recentin vitrodata and fromin vivopreclinical studies justifying the use of MSCs and iPSCs in cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing small and large animals will be discussed, while also describing suitable outcome measures for evaluating cartilage repair.
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Šubarević, Nemanja, Oliver Stevanović, Natalija Miličić Matić, and Nikola Popović. "EXAMINATION OF THE MOST COMMON ALLERGENS OF CANINE ATOPIC DERMATITIS - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 7, no. 1 (2015): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v7i1.123.
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Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is one of the most common skin diseases of dogs. It is estimated that 10-15% of the dogs are showing clinical symptoms of this disease. Canine atopic dermatitis is defi ned as genetically predisposed inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease with characteristic clinical symptoms. It is related to the production of IgE antibodies, mostly directed against external allergens. Allergens that can cause canine atopic dermatitis are quite numerous and depend on the geographical characteristics of research location. Th e aim of the study is to determine the most common allergens that can cause canine atopic dermatitis. The research was conducted according to medical records of 100 dogs during a period from the beginning of 2008 to the end of 2012 from the Department for skin diseases of small animals of the Clinic of equine, small animal, poultry and wild animal diseases at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade. According to the clinical documentation, all of the tested dogs had clinically manifested symptoms of CAD. In order to confi rm the diagnosis and detect the causative allergens, intradermal testing has been done. This testing has been performed with a standard set of 24 allergens specifi c to the geographical area of the research, produced in the Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”. According to the results, the highest percentage of positive responses was established for the following allergens: house dust mites (Dermatophagoides sp.) 67%, ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) 61%, household dust 60%, cocks foot (Dactylis sp.) 59%, mix of weed pollen 57%.
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Radsikhovskii, N., та S. Zaika. "Патоморфологічна характеристика парвовірусного ентериту в собак". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, № 82 (2017): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8210.
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Viral enteritis occupy a leading place in the infectious pathology of dogs and lead to severe disorders of such systems as the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and respiratory.The comprehensive diagnosis of this pathology in dogs is not developed enough. The high variability of clinical signs for parvovirus enteritis, the complexity of the appeal with a large number of qualitative indicators, complicate the diagnosis of this disease for a practical veterinarian. The methods of pathomorphological diagnosis are simple, cheap and accessible to any veterinarian doctor. It is precisely from them that the causes of death of the animal begin to be established, with many diseases and pathological conditions, these methods remain decisive when making a diagnosis.The aim of the work was to study and analyze the pathomorphological features in parvovirus enteritis of dogs.Materials and methods of research. The work was carried out at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, as well as in the veterinary clinics of the city of Zhytomyr: the private veterinary clinics «Bagira» and «Doctor-Zoo», the educational and scientific-production clinic of veterinary medicine of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the (ZNAEU) in the city state Zhitomir Hospital of Veterinary Medicine and Aybolit Private Veterinary Clinic in the period from 2014 to 2017 in breeding and breeding dogs.Diagnostic studies to confirm parvovirus enteritis were performed using the VetExpert and ELISA and PCR rapid tests on the basis of the private veterinary laboratory of Bald Ltd. (Kyiv).The pathoanatomical section of dogs of all ages who died from parvovirus enteritis was performed by partial evisceration in a generally accepted sequence.The article presents the results of the study of pathoanatomical changes in dogs for parvovirus enteritis, which depended on the form of manifestation of the disease – intestinal, cardiac or mixed. The most pronounced pathological and anatomical changes were found in the gastrointestinal tract (intestinal form), mainly in the small intestine.In the dead animals, a complex of pathoanatomical signs that can be considered characteristic of parvovirus enteritis are found: hemorrhagic enteritis, serous-hemorrhagic inflammation of the mesenteric lymph nodes, signs of hepatitis, acute altered myocarditis, and in the lungs – hemorrhages and foci of atelectasis and enlargement of the spleen.
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Welles, Elizabeth G. "Automated In-Clinic Hematology Instruments for Small Animal Practitioners: What is Available, What Can They Really Do, and How Do I Make a Choice?" Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 18, no. 1 (2015): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2014.09.009.
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Welles, Elizabeth G. "Automated In-Clinic Hematology Instruments for Small Animal Practitioners: What is Available, What Can They Really Do, and How Do I Make a Choice?" Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 42, no. 1 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.09.003.
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Petkov, Stoyan, Ralf Dressel, Ignacio Rodriguez-Polo, and Rüdiger Behr. "Controlling the Switch from Neurogenesis to Pluripotency during Marmoset Monkey Somatic Cell Reprogramming with Self-Replicating mRNAs and Small Molecules." Cells 9, no. 11 (2020): 2422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9112422.
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Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold enormous potential for the development of cell-based therapies; however, the safety and efficacy of potential iPSC-based treatments need to be verified in relevant animal disease models before their application in the clinic. Here, we report the derivation of iPSCs from common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) using self-replicating mRNA vectors based on the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE-mRNAs). By transfection of marmoset fibroblasts with VEE-mRNAs carrying the human OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and c-MYC and culture in the presence of small molecule inhibitors CHIR99021 and SB431542, we first established intermediate primary colonies with neural progenitor-like properties. In the second reprogramming step, we converted these colonies into transgene-free pluripotent stem cells by further culturing them with customized marmoset iPSC medium in feeder-free conditions. Our experiments revealed a novel paradigm for flexible reprogramming of somatic cells, where primary colonies obtained by a single VEE-mRNA transfection can be directed either toward the neural lineage or further reprogrammed to pluripotency. These results (1) will further enhance the role of the common marmoset as animal disease model for preclinical testing of iPSC-based therapies and (2) establish an in vitro system to experimentally address developmental signal transduction pathways in primates.
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Kožár, M., H. Hamilton, and J. Koščová. "Types of Wounds and the Prevalence of Bacterial Contamination of Wounds in the Clinical Practice of Small Animals." Folia Veterinaria 62, no. 4 (2018): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2018-0036.
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Abstract Skin wounds are a common presentation in small animal practice. The successful management of wound healing in dogs and cats requires knowledge of the physiology of the wound healing process and the application of an appropriate therapeutic intervention. Many wounds are colonised by bacteria or show signs of clinical infection. Infections can delay wound healing, impair cosmetic outcome and increase healthcare costs. Because of a lack of papers giving an overall prevalence of bacteria in different types of wounds, 45 samples were taken from patients treated at the Small Animals Clinic, Section of Surgery, Orthopaedics, Roentgenology and Reproduction of the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice during the years 2017 — 2018 to determine the types of wounds and the prevalence of bacterial contamination of the wounds. Samples were obtained by using cotton-tipped swabs and then cultivated on Sabouraud’s plates in the Institute of Microbiology and Gnotobiology of the University. All 45 animals used in this research were first subjected to an anatomical and clinical exam to determine the patient’s health condition and the status of the wounds. Of these 45 samples, 9 were negative. Of the remaining 36 samples, 12 were cultivated and tested to give only the genera of the bacteria present, whilst 24 were tested more extensively for a specific diagnosis of the species. The most common wound was due to a bite from another animal; these made up 12 out of the 45 cases (26.67 %). There were 10 cases of dehiscence of old wounds (22.22 %), whereas there were only 2 cases of surgical wound complications (4.44 %). There were 5 puncture wounds or fistulas (11.11 %), 4 lacerations (8.88 %), 1 degloving injury (2.22 %), 1 seroma (2.22 %), 1 foreign body (2.22 %), 1 crushing injury (2.22 %), 1 case of contusion and necrosis (2.22 %), 1 cases of dermatitis with resulting pruritic lesions (2.22 %), and 1 cutting injury from a tight wire collar (2.22 %). Five cases (11.11 %) were wounds of unknown aetiology. The most commonly found bacteria was Staphylococcus intermedius, which was found in 14 out of the 45 wounds (31.11 %). From this study it appears that the first consideration for treatment of infected wounds should be a treatment plan which will have a high efficacy against Staphylococcus spp. However, despite the high prevalence of Staphylococcus spp., our results revealed that they are not present all of the time.
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Zgavc, Tine, An-Gaëlle Ceulemans, Sophie Sarre, Yvette Michotte, and Said Hachimi-Idrissi. "Experimental and Clinical Use of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Ischemic Stroke: Opportunities and Limitations." Stroke Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/689290.
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Stroke remains a disease with a serious impact on quality of life but few effective treatments exist. There is an urgent need to develop and/or improve neuroprotective strategies to combat this. Many drugs proven to be neuroprotective in experimental models fail to improve patient outcome in a clinical setting. An emerging treatment, therapeutic hypothermia (TH), is a promising neuroprotective therapy in stroke management. Several studies with TH in experimental models and small clinical trials have shown beneficial effects. Despite this, implementation into the clinical setting is still lacking due to methodological considerations as well as hypothermia-related complications. This paper discusses the possible opportunities and limitations of the use of TH in animal models and the translation into the clinic.
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Munkeboe, Natascha, Amalie Lohse-Lind, Peter Sandøe, Björn Forkman, and Søren Saxmose Nielsen. "Comparing Behavioural Problems in Imported Street Dogs and Domestically Reared Danish Dogs—The Views of Dog Owners and Veterinarians." Animals 11, no. 5 (2021): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051436.
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Street dogs are common in southern and eastern parts of Europe. They are often adopted by people living in North European countries, including Denmark. However, these dogs may experience difficulties adjusting to their new life as companion animals, and this may in turn lead to behavioural problems and complications for owners. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate whether former street (FS) dogs display a higher degree of behavioural problems than dogs reared in Denmark (RD). Two questionnaires were developed. One was distributed to Danish dog owners and resulted in 3020 useful answers. FS dogs were found to display 9 of the 45 listed behaviours more often than RD dogs. All of these behaviours were related to fear, aggression and stress. The second questionnaire was distributed to Danish veterinarians working in small animal practices and resulted in 173 useful answers. The most commonly reported behavioural problems were fear of humans, stress and problems when the dog was left at home alone. The extent of the behavioural problems reported by the veterinarians was much greater than that reported by the dog owners which, at least partly, may be due to fear-induced reactions of the dogs when handled at the veterinary clinic.
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Montgomery, R., V. McEwen, and A. Lockwood. "Bilateral radial hemimelia, polydactyly and cardiomegaly in two cats." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 22, no. 06 (2009): 511–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-08-12-0124.
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Summary Case Description: Two feline littermates were presented to the Auburn University Small Animal Clinic at the age of approximately 10 weeks. Both cats had varus thoracic limb deformities bilaterally and pelvic limb polydactyly. Clinical Findings: Radiographs revealed bilateral radial hypoplasia (hemimelia), generalised cardiomegaly, and pelvic limb polydactyly. Treatment and Outcome: No treatment was instituted. Cardiopulmonary changes will be monitored periodically. Clinical Relevance: The heritability of radial hemimelia has been suggested, but has yet to be proven. In utero environmental causes (teratogens) are another possible cause of congenital radial hemimelia. The presence of bilateral pelvic limb polydactyly, bilateral radial hemimelia, and generalised cardiomegaly in feline littermates may offer more information on the origins of this orthopaedic disorder and the potential undesirable results that can occur when breeding polydactyl cats or cats affected by radial hemimelia.
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Saddala, Madhu Sudhana, Anton Lennikov, and Hu Huang. "Discovery of Small-Molecule Activators for Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Using Machine Learning Approaches." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (2020): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041523.
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Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a ubiquitous cytoplasmic enzyme converting glucose-6-phosphate into 6-phosphogluconate in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The G6PD deficiency renders the inability to regenerate glutathione due to lack of Nicotine Adenosine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) and produces stress conditions that can cause oxidative injury to photoreceptors, retinal cells, and blood barrier function. In this study, we constructed pharmacophore-based models based on the complex of G6PD with compound AG1 (G6PD activator) followed by virtual screening. Fifty-three hit molecules were mapped with core pharmacophore features. We performed molecular descriptor calculation, clustering, and principal component analysis (PCA) to pharmacophore hit molecules and further applied statistical machine learning methods. Optimal performance of pharmacophore modeling and machine learning approaches classified the 53 hits as drug-like (18) and nondrug-like (35) compounds. The drug-like compounds further evaluated our established cheminformatics pipeline (molecular docking and in silico ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) analysis). Finally, five lead molecules with different scaffolds were selected by binding energies and in silico ADMET properties. This study proposes that the combination of machine learning methods with traditional structure-based virtual screening can effectively strengthen the ability to find potential G6PD activators used for G6PD deficiency diseases. Moreover, these compounds can be considered as safe agents for further validation studies at the cell level, animal model, and even clinic setting.