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Olorunshola, Yemisi Christianah. "Small Business Sustainability Strategies in the Maritime Industry in Lagos, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6933.
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Small business enterprises (SBEs) are major contributors to national job creation and employment, but small businesses face a myriad of challenges which lead to their failure before 5 years of operation. Some small business owners lack the skills to create strategies that will lead to long term business survival. Porter's 5 forces competition was used as the conceptual framework for this multiple case study. The purpose of the study was to explore the strategies Nigerian SBEs use to sustain their first 5 years of operation. Semistructured interviews served to collect data from the chief executive officers of 2 SBEs in the maritime industry in Lagos, Nigeria. Data analysis entailed the use of qualitative analysis to capture and organize data and identify emerging themes. Some emerging themes included the securing of the necessary finances, the ability to respond to the effects of government policy, and providing excellent customer service. The implications of this study for social change include the mitigation of the negative effects of business failure on the people of the host community. Small business owners and leaders, partners of small business owners, and policymakers might benefit from this research by deploying the findings to appropriate business domains.
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Ekwem, Ijeoma. "Small and medium scale enterprises development in Nigeria : constraints and policy options." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21647.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.This study was undertaken to find out how the SME sector in Nigeria has developed over time and to what extent it has performed its critical role of driving the country’s industrial transformation and development as it has done in other developed countries. This study has explained in detail, the development of SMEs in Nigeria and identified the economic potential of SMEs, their major problems, challenges and constraints, which have hindered them from playing the vital role in the Nigerian economic growth and development as well as made appropriate recommendations for redressing, reducing and/or eliminating them so that they could occupy their pride of place in the Nigerian economy. It also considered the various programmes implemented by various governments, to support and promote SMEs’ growth and development as well as the roles played by the government and the financial institutions towards promoting the development and growth of SMEs in Nigeria. The study employed primary date via questionnaires which were administered to the sampled financial institutions and SMEs’ operators, and the emanating data was analysed using simple percentages, charts and mean ranking. The Chi-square analytical technique was employed and the empirical analysis indicates that there has not been any significant contribution of government support towards developing SMEs, and also that there is a relationship between the sizes of SMEs and their modes of financing. The study determined, among others, that with the exclusion of lack of finance, the major constraints or challenges of SMEs ranked in descending order are inadequate managerial/board expertise, poor infrastructural facilities, inconsistencies in government policies, lack of financial records, multiple taxes and levies, etc. It also determined that lack of finance is a function of multiple problems and that the major sources of credit available for the financing SMEs in Nigeria are personal savings, family/friend support and commercial banks. The study recommended, among others, SME partnership and equity participation by financiers, loan guarantees, interest rate concession, fiscal incentives, and adequate training for SMEs as the factors that will drive the rapid transformations and development of the SME sector in Nigeria.
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熊佩玲 and Pui-ling Elsa Hung. "Government support for small and medium enterprises (SMEs)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967206.
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Nden, Nanzing Nangil. "Strategies for Ensuring the Timeliness of Small Business Financial Reporting in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7565.
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Small business owners in Nigeria submit financial reports to regulators and stakeholders, and they often lack strategies to ensure timeliness in the Nigeria report rendition. Lack of accounting competence and audit lag in the preparation, rendition, and submission of financial statements and reports are some of the contributors to this lack of timeliness. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that owners of small businesses used to ensure timeliness of financial reporting. The population for this study was 5 owners of small businesses in Nigeria. Management by objectives and Hoshin Kanri were the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and a review of company documents. The thematic analysis led to the emergence of the following themes: (a) hiring the right employees, (b) regular training of accountants, (c) working with external accountants, (d) effective leadership and organizational structure, (e) attending accounting courses or workshops, and (f) using or abiding by formal financial reporting standards. Local small business owners may apply these results to hiring professional accountants to prepare timely financial reports to meet stakeholders' needs. Timely preparation of financial reports by owners of small businesses may contribute to positive social change by providing appropriate feedback to regulators, tax administrators, and small business owners, and encouraging and supporting local economic growth.
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Zelikow, Daniel Martin. "A political economy of business regulation in Nigeria : an examination of the Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decrees of 1972 and 1977." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2daa2f80-b4b6-40c0-88b7-e291052a2199.
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Moye, Ashley. "Market Orientation in Government Markets and Veteran-Owned Small Businesses." Thesis, Walden University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125164.
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Inadequate resources, poor market strategy, competition, contract regulation, and disparate performance outcomes are issues small business owners face while competing for government contracts. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the market orientation-business performance relationship and the influence of market factors among veteran-owned small businesses competing for government contracts in the United States. A survey with adapted MARKOR and Government Regulation Lassez-Faire scales was administered to 203 veteran-owned small business owners. Resource-advantage theory served as the theoretical foundation for this study. The results of the multiple linear regression were significant, suggesting that market orientation relates to firm performance and total contract revenue. However, the regression models had a poor fit, with R2 values ranging from .019 to .094, suggesting that significant results of this study lacked the power to conclude predictive accuracy. Market orientation did not significantly relate to contract bid to win rate and number of years in the government market. The PROCESS moderation analysis provided mixed results for market factors’ influence on the market orientation relationship with business performance outcomes. Study participants were market-oriented, with few seeing corresponding success. The introduction of new variables is necessary to make future models useful. Implications for positive social change include guidance for better-fitting models, ones that will inform the efforts to improve the survivability of small businesses in the B2G market. Veteran-owned small business owners should not waste resources on market orientation as a sole strategic focus for capturing and winning government contracts.
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Ilori, Emmanuel Olatomide Idemudia. "Evaluating the impact of the National Directorate of Employment policy on selected agro - chemical small medium enterprises in Akure, Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4201.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPAThe focus of this research is evaluating the impact of the National Directorate of Employment policy on selected agro - chemical small and medium enterprises in Akure, Nigeria. The importance of small and medium business development cannot be overemphasized because it plays a significant role in developed nation’s economy of the world. The development of small business has been variously referred to as a “source of employment generation”. Poverty and unemployment is a big challenge to the government of Nigeria and there is continual increase in the unemployment rate, which is alarming and has resulted in socio-political and economic crises. There are efforts by government to tackle this scourge. In order to fill this gap, government established various institutions with policies and programmes to tackle unemployment and poverty. However, the problem still persists. The government of Nigeria established the National Directorate of Employment programme, which main objective is designed to cater for unemployed youth and jobless people across the country. This study evaluated the impact of the National Directorate of Employment policy on selected agro chemical - sector in order to assess its influence in job creation and poverty reduction in Akure, Ondo State Nigeria. Within the investigation, my research focused at the appropriate legislation and policies of the National Directorate of Employment programme. The study comprises of mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative approach) using both primary and secondary data.
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Brown, Heather Moore. "Performance barriers to 8(a) small businesses : learning & policy implications /." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164639/.
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Yeung, Chi-yuen, and 楊志遠. "Government funding for entrepreneurs in Tung Chee-hwa'sadministration." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50257857.
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Nwosu, Mike Chike. "Youth Entrepreneurship Among University Graduates in Anambra State, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6637.
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Nigerian policy is inconsistent with regard to the promotion of entrepreneurship among young adults in Anambra State that would serve as a guide to becoming self-employed. Most young adults in Anambra State lack information on entrepreneurial characteristics to become self-employed. The issues confronting Anambra State as a result of youth unemployment include increase in crime rate, drug abuse, kidnapping, and suicide rate. Guided by the human capital theory, the purpose of this case study was to explore the entrepreneurship strategies that young adults in Anambra State needed to become self-employed after graduating from universities. Twenty youth entrepreneurs participated in the individual interviews, 5 participated in a focus group, and 5 policymakers participated in another individual interview. Data were coded and analyzed using Yin's 5 step procedure involving compiling, assembling, analysing, dissembling and repeating the entire process three times until the themes emerged. The emerging themes were mentorship, vocational training, and ad-hoc programs. These findings revealed that youth who participated in these programs (mentorship, vocational training and ad-hoc) obtained entrepreneurial strategies and consequently ran more profitable enterprises than those who did not. The implications for positive social change include recommendations to policymakers to expand the mentoring program among young adults and introduce vocational education that could enhance employment rate, thereby improving the standard of living, and create educational programs for university students with the expectation that upon graduation they may be able to develop businesses that may lead to the creation of employment and empower young entrepreneurs towards national growth and development.
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Mihindou, Igor Rossi. "The role of government in development of entrepreneurship in Gabon and South Africa; a comparative study." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1793.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Business Administration in Entrepreneurship
in the Faculty of Business Administration : Entrepreneurship
at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyAfrica is estimated to have more than 66% of the world’s natural resources, it is these natural resources that are converted into products that bring about the wealth the world has. Exploitation of these abundant resources has created numerous job opportunities worldwide, yet the continent continues to reel under extreme poverty. Millions of African children die each year due to undernourishment in a continent with virgin arable land which can produce enough food to feed the world. The African continent, the world’s second largest continent in size, can be easily classified as the intensive care unit. The continent houses 1.033 billion people which is about one sixth of the world’s population. An estimated 840 million people worldwide have no food to eat, and Africa houses 223 million of this foodless population. This means that, whilst Africa gives residence to one sixth (17%) of the world population, just over one quarter (26.4%) of the world’s starving population is in the second largest continent which has two thirds (67%) of the world’s wealth in mineral resources. One third of infant deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa are caused by hunger, with 23 million school children going to school hungry. Africa needs infrastructure and institutions to help the process of development and subsequent eradication of these high levels of poverty and illiteracy on the continent. Though Africa has more arable land that can be used, 45% of African households are affected by hunger. The IMF Chief Executive Officer recommended three critical areas that will influence the economic growth and development of Africa; "Build infrastructure, build institutions, and build people." The continent must improve governance, transparency and create sound economic frameworks for growth. Today, only one in five people in Africa find work in the formal sector because of the underdevelopment and lack of industries in a continent estimated to have more than 66% of the world’s natural resources. Entrepreneurship, the panacea for the African social and economic quagmire needs to take central stage in this rich continent inhabited by chronically poor people. African academics are challenged to come to the rescue since politicians have failed the continent. If it were possible, I would lock up the academics and politicians in one room and deny them food to eat and water to drink until they found an amicable solution to the misery bedevilling the world’s richest continent. Africa is characterized by high levels of political instability emanating largely from poverty and a highly illiterate populace, in a continent with a high growth rate - this is not positive news. The political unrest in Africa is largely due to chronic adjunct poverty caused by the absence of visionary leadership, and the post-colonial Africa is merely a change of hands with maintenance of status quo. At best the leadership is known for its geocentricism and self-preservation of the old boy scouts’ mentality where they protect each other whilst the fires of poverty consume and destroy the vestiges of the little that is left of African dignity. The birth rate on the continent is 38 per every 1000 and a death rate of 14 per every 1000. Even with such a relatively small population, the continent is not able to feed itself. The unemployment levels are disturbingly high in a continent with such high birth rates. Below standard education, and continued exploitation of natural resources by external investors are part of the norms the black race has to live with. If Asian countries without mineral wealth have turned the tide of poverty, why should Africa with all the resources continue in poverty? How long will Africa continue with leaders without direction? Is it not true that ‘where there is no vision the people perish?’ The study was conducted making a comparison of two African countries (Gabon and South Africa) to try to establish the relevance of the entrepreneurship policies and programs. The research findings point out a series of policies which are not supported by other factors in relation to the ability of citizens to benefit. It concludes that there is a greater need for other programs like higher levels of education, skills training and accessibility to business funding to enable the African countries to end chronic poverty.
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Mahlanza, Zanele. "The impact of regulatory compliance on small, medium and micro-enterprises in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011840.
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The small, medium and micro-enterprise sector is recognised as being favourable to socioeconomic growth since SMMEs have capacity to generate jobs. SMMEs are particularly beneficial for previously disadvantaged communities, and it is particularly clear that SMMEs play a critical role in economic development. It is therefore important to encourage growth of this sector by introducing a favourable and a conducive environment for the sustainability of the SMMEs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of regulatory compliance on SMMEs in the Buffalo City municipal area in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province. In other words, this study seeks to find out how SMMEs in the Buffalo City experience regulatory compliance. Exploratory quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were used in this study. In this instance structured questionnaires were used to collect data. In order to provide a precise presentation of information, face-to-face interviews with the SMME owners were conducted. The results of this study indicate that the regulatory environment within which the SMMEs operate is not a constraining one. Although the manual registering process is reported to take long, the electronic or online business registration is much quicker. Notwithstanding, the business registration agencies were reported not be too easily and readily available and accessible. In terms of labour regulations SMME owners and managers indicated that compliance with labour legislation in terms of health and safety was benefiting to their businesses as they learnt how to develop polices and plans. Although the regulatory environment of the SMMEs is not a constraining one, there are costs involved. For example the respondents indicated that the labour laws increased their operating costs. In accordance with labour legislation, employees are entitled to all kinds of paid leave such as annual leave, maternity leave and sometimes study leave; needless to say a right to strike. The labour law regulations were seen to be time consuming and presented an administrative burden for managers. With regards to tax regulations compliance, there was an indication that due to the extra efforts taken by SARS, it was easy to comply. The SMMEs were exposed to what is required in order to comply fully with tax laws. Some respondents mentioned that they lacked the facilities to deal with VAT issues. The study recommends that government should ensure that the registration costs of small businesses remain low and that the turnaround time for registration is shortened. The support structures which are to assist small businesses need to be mentioned in all the media for everyone to be aware of them including the rural areas. The government needs to educate SMME owners and managers on how labour laws can benefit small businesses. Also the business registration process should be streamlined and linked with the South African Revenue Services in order for a ‘one shop stop’, so to shorten the time during formalisation and registration processes. It is also recommended that the South African Revenue Services together with the government simplify the tax issues applying to SMMEs further more especially Value Added Tax which seems not to be easily understood. This will in turn assist SMME owners as they will know more about tax issues, they will also know more how to handle them which should in turn lower the costs of doing business.
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Foo, Wing-yan Polly, and 傅詠欣. "Sources of financing for Hong Kong small business start-ups." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267920.
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Hein, Avril. "A critical analysis of local government support in the promotion of small enterprises : a study of the Cape West Coast local authorities in the Western Cape Province." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/970.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010It is an accepted fact that small businesses are the economic growth "engines" in developed countries. This reality is given as the main reason for the active involvement of local government, in promotion and development of small enterprises, with the purpose of reversing the trend of growing unemployment in South Africa (even with high economic growth rates) and reducing the high poverty index. Internationally, local municipalities have become primary players in supporting and promoting small business. Prior to 1994, local government in South Africa is perceived to have played a passive role in this field. This study aims to evaluate and critically analyse local government's involvement in the support and promotion of small enterprises on the Cape West Coast (Western Cape Province, South Africa) in order to stimulate greater government involvement in small enterprise development. The study follows a qualitative approach in the form of interviews with a sample comprising of emerging entrepreneurs in the fishing, tourism, engineering, mining and agricultural economic sectors. On the basis of the findings, specific recommendations are made for the promotion of small enterprises as a vehicle for reducing the level of poverty.
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Newman, Keith R. "Small business : its role in job creation, its political support in Canada and an assessment of a government assistance programme in Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61969.
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Diemont-Ebes, Anja, and adiemont51@hotmail com. "From second board to angels : an analysis of government support for new ventures, 1984-1994." Swinburne University of Technology, 1996. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060317.113350.
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During the past decade (1984-1994), Australia experienced its worst recession since the depression of the 30's, followed by a no-growth period and an unemployment rate hovering around nine per cent.
The awareness of Commonwealth and State Governments of the need for specific policies to stimulate new ventures and support small and medium enterprises (SME's), was increased by a range of reviews which resulted in a variety of initiatives.
However, two key national initiatives, licensed Management and Investment Companies (MIC's) and the Second Board Stock Market, which aimed at making access to funds easier for new ventures, failed to provide sustained financial support to new innovative firms.
Small businesses in Australia account for some 80 per cent of all businesses and 50 per cent of employment in the private sector. While many factors contribute to the successful establishment and growth of new businesses, a key factor is the availability of and access to affordable finance.
The major objective of this study was to identify key success/failure factors in new venture creation and to review in detail the rise and fall of the Second Board Stock Market (1984-1992) - arguably one of the most significant Government initiatives during the 80's to provide access to equity funds.
A survey of Melbourne companies listed on the Second Board was to provide valuable information on the success/failure of the Second Board Stock Market and to illuminate desirable Government initiatives meeting SME's survival needs.
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Abdullah, Moha Asri. "Government policy support, inter-firm linkages and the success of urban small firms in developing countries : a case study of small textile and clothing firms in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320223.
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Mba, Michael Kalu. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Public Sector Interventions in Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6615.
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Entrepreneurship is significant to the production process for economic growth and development. The Nigerian government supports entrepreneurial development by providing business training for entrepreneurs across the country; however, the impact of such programs in current entrepreneurship in Nigeria has not been researched. This study was designed to examine the impact of the training on entrepreneurial outcomes such as profitability, revenue, and access to finance using the social construction framework and the theory of external control of organizations. Based on a quantitative quasi-experimental design involving a posttest comparison group, the impact of government support on randomly selected beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries with the FCT was tested using an independent samples t test and binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed no significant relationship between business training and entrepreneurial outcomes. Additionally, it was not likely that an unemployed beneficiary would start a new business after the training, and trainees had difficulty accessing business loans. The social change implication of this study is that public sector institutions engaged in entrepreneurship development in Nigeria need pragmatic interventions that translate into positive entrepreneurial outcomes. They also need to focus on areas that cater for different categories of entrepreneurs such as age groups, educational level, business experience, and nature of the business to enhance effectiveness. Periodic assessment of the intervention programs is necessary using experimental and quasi-experimental studies. Therefore, this study can contribute to the data that public sector institutions can use to develop better interventions for entrepreneurs.
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Jagun, Charles. "Strategies for Compliance with Government Regulations in a Pharmaceutical Company." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5352.
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Pharmaceutical companies accrued fines of over $30 billion within 25 years because of noncompliance with regulations. Noncompliance with regulations results in fines and an adverse impact on company profitability. Some pharmaceutical company managers lack effective strategies to ensure overall company compliance with regulation. Based on complexity leadership theory, the purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies pharmaceutical company managers used to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements in Nigeria. The target population was functional managers purposely selected because they had successfully implemented strategies for compliance with the regulatory requirements in Nigeria. Data were collected through face-to-face and telephone interviews with 4 company managers and from company records, regulatory documents, and websites. Analysis of data involved using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis tools and content analysis to code and identify patterns and themes. Findings revealed 3 prominent themes: establishment of regulatory affairs unit and engaged leadership; hiring of qualified of employees, training, and continuous learning; and strategies to navigate through barriers to enhance regulatory compliance. The implications for positive social change lie in the availability of affordable pharmaceutical products with implications for the overall health of communities. Compliance with regulatory requirements helps to ensure that pharmaceutical companies develop high quality and safe products, which are critical in healthcare leading to the prevention and cure of diseases, which will ultimately improve and save people's lives.
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Mbedzi, Khaukanani Percival. "The role of government agencies in promoting SMME's in Limpopo : a critical assessment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8541.
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Thesis (MDF)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.In 2003, the then president of the Republic of South Africa, Mr Thabo Mbeki, alluded to the dual nature of the South African economy which, on the one hand, is well developed with sound macroeconomic management, while, on the other hand, it has characteristics of an underdeveloped Third World economy. The province of Limpopo is no exception to this anomalous economic phenomenon. It can be argued that, due to its preponderant rural character, the dual economy phenomenon is more pronounced in Limpopo than in other parts of the country. According to the government’s Integrated Strategy on the Promotion of Entrepreneurship and Small Enterprises, “the promotion of entrepreneurship and small businesses remains an important priority of the government of South Africa” (Department of Trade and Industry, 2005: 3). In line with this strategy, the government has committed itself to ensuring that small businesses increase their contribution to economic growth and job creation. To realise this goal, the government has taken measures to ensure that small business development becomes a key policy focus. In South Africa, the importance of developing small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) becomes even more critical for the achievement of social stability by creating jobs to solve the high unemployment rate. Apart from their contribution to job creation and economic growth, SMMEs can play a significant role in the economy of the country by introducing new innovative products and services, thereby improving the quality of life of the people. The challenge facing the province of Limpopo and indeed South Africa as a whole is how to effectively mobilise small enterprise support agencies to help in developing sustainable SMMEs that can contribute meaningfully to economic growth and development. The provincial government looks upon the support agencies to implement its SMME support strategy. This study provides a critical review of all the relevant institutions, agencies and programmes – operational at national, provincial, district and local level – which try to address support needs of small, medium and micro-enterprises. Many of these efforts are effective and reach significant numbers of small enterprises, yet many of the initiatives fail or remain ineffective. In many areas local staff is too limited to implement programmes or just to effectively publicise available support programmes. In a brief comparative section, we try to show that South Africa’s problems with inadequate SMMEsupport are far from unique. We are part of worldwide concern about practical steps to expand, strengthen and streamline SMME-support – and Limpopo is part of that challenge.
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Leung, Lai-chun Fiona, and 梁麗珍. "Information technology implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises: a cross-country comparison ofHong Kong and Singapore." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268122.
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Mthimkhulu, Alfred Mbekezeli. "Small enterprise development in South Africa : an exploration of the constraints and job creation potential." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97117.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis, presented in six thematic chapters, investigates an approach for promoting the growth of small businesses in South Africa. Chapter 1 motivates the thesis by discussing the contested role of small businesses in reducing unemployment and fostering social equity. Chapter 2 reviews the small business development policy in South Africa and explicates the socioeconomic conditions underpinning the policy. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 are empirical analyses using data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys of 2003 and 2007, and the World Bank Financial Crisis Survey of 2010 to determine key impediments to the growth of small businesses and characteristics of firms creating and retaining most jobs in South Africa. Chapter 3 uses two methods to investigate the key impediments. The first method is based on a count of obstacles that entrepreneurs rate as seriously affecting enterprise operations. The second estimates the effects of the obstacles on growth through sequential multivariate regressions and identifies binding constraints for different categories of firms. It emerges that medium-sized firms are mildly affected by most obstacles but micro and small firms are significantly affected by crime, electricity and transportation problems. The chapter provides important insight on the sequencing of interventions to address the impediments to growth. Chapter 4 studies the finance constraint. It evaluates the importance of the constraint firstly by assessing whether firms rating finance as a serious problem underperform firms rating the problem as less important. Thereafter, the chapter studies the experiences of firms when seeking external finance and identifies four levels of the finance constraint. Using an ordered logit model and a binary logit model, the chapter explores the profile of financially constrained firms. Results show that firms owned by ethnic groups disadvantaged in the apartheid era are more likely to be credit-constrained. The results also suggest that the likelihood of being credit-constrained decreases with higher levels of formal education. The results inform policy on the types of firms that financial interventions must target. Chapter 5 builds on a growing body of evidence which shows that a small proportion of firms in an economy account for over 50 percent of net new jobs. The evidence from the literature suggests that such high-growth enterprises have distinct characteristics that could make it possible for interventions to nurture or for other firms to emulate. The chapter employs two methods to investigate the characteristics of high-growth firms. The first is logit regression, which the investigation uses to determine characteristics of firms that create more jobs than the average firm. The characteristics are also interacted to identify interaction terms most associated with growth. The second method is quantile regression, which makes it possible to assess the importance of each characteristic for firms in different levels of growth rates. The results show that the typical high-growth firm is more likely to be black-owned. The results of the chapter however highlight the need for further research into characteristics that may perhaps explain high-growth firms more robustly than variables in the survey instrument. The research ends with a summary, a discussion of areas of further research, and policy recommendations in Chapter 6.
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Mohammed, Rukaya. "Progress on the Economic Empowerment of Female Entrepreneurs in Kenya's 30% Preferential Public Procurement Policy." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7562.
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In Kenya, a 2013 presidential directive reserved 30% of government procurement opportunities for enterprises owned by women, youth, and persons with disabilities to promote economic empowerment; however, as of 2016, female entrepreneurs continued to be outpaced by their male counterparts. The lack of policy evaluation from the female entrepreneur perspective limits the ability to assess progress and identify obstacles. Through purposeful sampling and semistructured interviews, this qualitative phenomenological study obtained the perceptions of the implementation and impact of Access to Government Procurement Opportunities (AGPO) on economic empowerment from the perspective of 20 female entrepreneurs in Kenya previously awarded procurement contracts. Responses were coded and analyzed thematically using Moustakas's modified van Kaam method in the context of the policy feedback theory and empowerment. Five themes emerged from the female entrepreneurs' experiences: (a) enhanced economic empowerment; (b)improved potential to earn new government contracts motivated enrollment in the AGPO; (c) access to business development services enhanced competitiveness to obtain government tenders; (d) negative financial impact due to government-delayed payments for goods and services; and (e) success impeded by procurement officers' incompetence, corruption and harassment. Social change may be promoted through the economic empowerment of women being maximized with stronger implementation and regulation of this affirmative policy primarily through a streamlined application process, prompt payments for services rendered, flexible funding, and regulated competent and ethical procurement practices.
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Rantseli, Palesa. "The role of preferential procurement in promoting historically disadvantaged SMMEs : evidence from Ekurhuleni Municipality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18212.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.Small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) play an important role in the economic growth and development of any economy. They contribute to the goals of growth, equity, job creation and poverty reduction in different ways. Given the importance of the SMME sector, governments throughout the world including the South African government, have focused their attention on the development of this sector to promote economic growth, income distribution and employment opportunities. Most SMMEs in South Africa fail due to a variety of reasons, including a lack of access to markets, which is one of the critical factors for the survival and growth of SMMEs. The government of South Africa has introduced the Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act (Act 5 of 2000) to address the challenge of market access for SMMEs. The Act is aimed at utilising the purchasing power of government as an instrument of SMME development. SMMEs, especially those owned by historically disadvantaged individuals, are afforded an opportunity to access markets they would otherwise find difficult to penetrate. Given the importance of access to markets to SMMES, the study seeks to analyse the role of preferential procurement in Local Government with specific reference to Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (EMM), as an instrument of promoting the development of historically disadvantaged SMMEs in South Africa.
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Samuel, Oluranti Sunday. "Environmental and sociological factors as determinants of occupational health and safety of workers in selected small and medium scale enterprises in Lagos State, Nigeria." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22669.
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Work is an essential activity that provides goods or services of value to oneself and others. Paradoxically, in a bid for self-realisation, workers are seriously endangered. Work-related or induced diseases and
stresses pose serious threats to workers’ health and the general well-being, hence, the need to seriously consider the issue of occupational health and safety of workers. In terms of safety at work, the experience
of small and medium scale enterprises (SMSEs) worldwide is that of neglect. Their incomes are very low and uncertain, coupled with high levels of risk and hazard in their work, with little or no social protection
coverage (Chen, 2008). This study therefore examines how environmental and sociological factors determine occupational health and safety of workers in SMSEs in Lagos State, Nigeria. Ulrich Beck
“Risk Society” theory, Political Economy of Health framework (PEH) (Minkler et al 1994, Linnan et al, 2001) and Labour Process Theory (LPT) (Braverman, 1974; Marx, 1976; Bottome, 1991) underpinned
the study. The study adopts both the qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. The qualitative method includes field observation of the selected workplaces, six Focus Group Discussion
(FGD) and eight In-depth interviews (IDIs). The quantitative involved the use of structured questionnaire. The sample survey involved 180 respondents in a multi-stage sampling technique from purposively
selected sawmills, mechanic villages and blacksmith cottages in three Local Government Areas in Lagos State. The quantitative data analysis uses simple percentile and univariate analyses, while the qualitative data are content-analysed, based on the objectives of the study. The findings identified low level of education (60.5%), and poor awareness of OHS in SMSEs (86.1%). It further reveals poor physical
(69.5%) and technological environment (70.5%), unavailability of OHS facilities (60.5%) and prevention methods by manager/owners (60.5%), carefree attitudes of workers/managers/owners to OHS (69.5), non-acquaintance of workers to OHS laws (86.1%), workers’ economic incapacitation to deal with issues of occupational hazard (76.1%), lack of enforcement of OHS (88.3%), and transferring knowledge on OHS (82.2%) in the selected SMSEs. The study recommends roles for managers/owners, workers, trade associations, government, non-governmental organisations to promote effective OHS in the selected SMSEs.Sociology
D.Phil. (Sociology)
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Mouloungui, Sandrine Mapaga Kima. "Assessing the impact of finance on small business development in Africa : the cases of South Africa and Gabon." 2012. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001117.
Full textAbstract:
M. Tech. Comparative Local DevelopmentSmall Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) play a critical role in the economic development. Indeed, SMMEs have been recognised as major sources of poverty reduction, employment creation and incomes. It is therefore not surprising that policy makers and researchers, particularly in developing countries have acknowledged SMMEs as an important topic in development policy. Despite their belated discovery by policy makers and their contribution to the economy, their growth remains constrained by a number of key constraints including access to finance. Access to finance has a significant impact on the development or failure of SMMEs. That is to say, finance has increasingly been recognised as a major obstacle in the development of SMMEs. Without finance, SMMEs may not able to develop and sustain their businesses through innovation, hiring of additional staff and the addition of more facilities. The SMMEs sector is known to be very diverse. Indeed, Studies point that there is no single definition of SMMEs, they are defined differently in different contexts and most of SMMEs in Africa operate in the informal sector. This situation has challenged policy makers, making difficult the development of one size fits all policies. The objective in this study is to examine the problem of finance in SMME development and promotion in Africa and more particularly in Gabon and South Africa. The study examined the existing literature on SMMEs in general and more particularly the problem of access to finance in SMME development. The study highlights that SMME's access to finance is constrained by factors such as a lack of information, high interest rates, financial sector policy distortion, the high risk of SMME operations, blacklisting of SMME owners and a lack of government support awareness. In addressing this problem, a number of policies have been developed and include the market developing policies, the market enabling policies and the market harnessing policies.
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Mothiba, Malesela Jacob. "The effectiveness of government policy on the development and promotion of small business in South Africa : a case study of the Northern Province." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6643.
Full textAbstract:
M.B.A.Since the first democratic elections of April 1994, the government of South Africa has been grappling with a wide range of social and economic development issues. The development and promotion of small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) is one of these critical issues. This is seen as vital for job creation, income generation and the promotion of sustainable and equitable economic growth. It is the view of government that the SIVIME sector also deserves attention because it has been neglected in the past. It is also widely acknowledged that SMMEs play a vital role in absorbing labour, penetrating new markets and expanding the economy in creative and innovative ways. The stated general objective by the government was the need to create an enabling environment in which small businesses would flourish. There was an intensive process of consultations with key stakeholders on the SMME sector. This took the form of the 1994 White Paper (discussion paper) on Strategies for the Development of an Integrated Policy and Support Programme for Small, Medium and Micro-Enterprises in South Africa, the President's Conference on Small Business in 1995 and the Second National Conference on Small Business in 1997. The highlight of these efforts was the enabling of the institutional support framework via the National Small Business Act of 1996 which aimed at providing a supportive environment for small business development. Several institutions were created under this act at national, provincial and local levels with the following aims and objectives: To coordinate the overall national policy on small business development. To mobilize the maximum involvement by all stakeholders. To facilitate the provision of financial and non-financial support services. In general, to represent the interests of the SMME sector. The aim of this study was to investigate how effective the government policy on the development and promotion of small business has been. The focus was the Northern Province, one of the nine provinces in South Africa. The researcher was specifically interested in looking at the establishment of the institutional framework at provincial and local government level, whether the products developed for small business support have been well-marketed to the SMME sector and whether the small business sector was benefiting from these products. There were three main aspects to the conduct of the study. Government officials in the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) in the Northern Province were interviewed. Institutions that have been set up to provide support services to small business were also visited and officials at these institutions were also interviewed. Further information was obtained from existing documentation at the DTI and from the institutions offering support services to small business. A survey of the SMME sector in the Northern Province was conducted. A designed questionnaire was presented to a representative sample of small businesses. The data obtained from interviews and existing documentation has been summarized descriptively. The data from the questionnaires has been analysed statistically. Graphical illustrations have been used to enhance the presentation. Conclusions, recommendations and some final reflections are also included.
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Nyakunu, Elias Paida. "The role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in tourism policy formulation in Namibia." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10432.
Full textAbstract:
M.Com. (Tourism and Hospitality Management)The significant role that SMEs play in the economic development of both developed and developing countries is acknowledged universally. In the development of policy relating to the tourism sector international organizations and tourism scholarship on collaboration and partnerships exhort governments to enter into partnerships with the private sector. One stakeholder that is often omitted is, however, the group of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Only a limited amount of work has been undertaken outside the developed world and sub-Sahara in particular, on issues relating to the involvement of SMEs in tourism policy. In this investigation, a qualitative explorative study was conducted with the aim of providing interpretative and evaluative knowledge on this phenomena. Based on purposive sampling forty key informants of various backgrounds and from different locations in Namibia participated in the study. The results of this research on Namibia contribute to the limited body of literature and knowledge concerning the participation of SMEs in the formulation of tourism policies. The study provides an analysis of the complexity of issues surrounding SME participation in policy formulation. It gives descriptions of the policy process in order to unravel the interaction between the various policy actors, their attitudes and behaviours. The major findings of the study are that in Namibia SMEs are involved in the policy process only in an ad hoc manner. Not only are they less knowledgeable about the policy process and policy content but also they are ignorant of the rules of engagement. The SMEs and interest groups respond to policy formulation as an end goal. The study recommends that SME incorporation in tourism policy formulation should be based on a number of overarching principles and approaches. It is argued SME involvement should be through consultation and empowerment. In addition, an important aspect of local empowerment is the impartation of skills and knowledge that enable SMEs to participate effectively in decision-making beginning with the local level.
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""A critical assessment of the impact of interventions to stimulate the establishment and growth rates of SMEs in the formal sector in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/956.
Full text
30
Strong, James T. "State-sponsored health insurance plans for small business employers : political and economic factors for success." 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1632472.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine three state-sponsored health insurance
programs targeted at small businesses and identify the political and economic factors that
contributed to their success. I evaluated the success of each states program using three criteria:
reducing the number of uninsured, program participation, and providing portability. In my
analysis, I examined factors which may have played a role in the varying levels of success that
were observed. I found that the success of a program depended largely on two factors: economic
conditions within the state and the quality of the program.Department of Political Science
31
Kaneza, Emelyne. "An ICT framework for accessing government support and services : a case of women-owned small, medium and micro enterprises in Rwanda." 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001582.
Full textAbstract:
M. Tech. Business Information SystemsIn the last decade, Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs), and Women-owned SMMEs in particular, have significantly increased in many parts of the world. The growing contribution of SMMEs towards the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), job creation, poverty reduction, social and economic development, can no longer be ignored. In recognition of the significance of SMMEs, many countries in the world have created special mechanisms to enhance and facilitate the creation and growth of SMMEs. Lately, the main support services offered to small enterprises include both business development services and financial services by using the cutting edge of Information Communication Technologies (ICT). However, a review of various writings has revealed that despite efforts by numerous governments to establish a support structure for SMMEs, their efforts have not been very rewarding. SMMEs still complain about the lack of access to government support and services. Issues of accessibility were worsened as female business owners face different challenges than their male counterparts. A review of those challenges was conducted in the context of Rwanda. By using a multiple case study design and an interview method for the collection of data, the study identified the support and services provided by the government and the challenges that women-owned SMMEs encountered in their attempts to access them.
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Mkatshwa, Tulisiwe Buyisiwe Lungisa. "Successes and challenges of the ECDC as perceived by SMME's in the OR Tambo District municipality." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12597.
Full textAbstract:
South Africa, like most developing countries, has one of the highest levels of unemployment. Within South Africa’s borders the highest levels of unemployment are found in areas of the Eastern Cape Province, which is one of the poorest provinces. In these areas, Small Medium Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) have grown out of the necessity for employment. For these SMMEs to succeed, good support programmes from development agencies is vital. It is also important that the recipients of the support perceive this support to be meeting their needs. This research surveyed the perceptions of Eastern Cape Development Corporation (ECDC) supported SMMEs regarding the support services they received in the OR Tambo District municipality. The findings confirmed that the SMME entrepreneurs surveyed perceive the ECDC’s financial and non-financial support as particularly instrumental in helping them start up their businesses. The biggest perceived challenge is that ECDC does not have enough programmes to help SMMEs to grow beyond start-up stage. Furthermore, the SMME entrepreneurs are dissatisfied with the quality of service they receive from ECDC employees. The lessons of this study are that the SMME entrepreneurs realise the important role that ECDC plays in contributing to their business success. They also believe that ECDC has to evolve constantly with the times by having programmes targeted at start-up businesses, strengthening existing businesses, and growing established businesses to higher levels. The study results suggest that ECDC needs to improve on the quality of their programmes to meet the needs of all types of SMMEs, create more awareness about its programmes, but most importantly, ECDC needs to equip its employees with the skills to support SMMEs of various backgrounds.
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Dube, Itumeleng Peter. "Policy design and implementation : a case study of the Business Management Training Programme at the National Youth Development Agency." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27160.
Full textAbstract:
Entrepreneurship education and training ensures economic development by enabling the creation of thriving new businesses and jobs by entrepreneurs. The Business Management Training Programme is tasked with training young entrepreneurs in South Africa. However, the youth unemployment rate has been exceedingly high in recent years. This study seeks to explore the implementation challenges being experienced by the Business Management Training Programme at the National Youth Development Agency.
Using a qualitative approach, this study made use of semi-structured interviews with a carefully selected sample of those involved in the management and implementation of the Business Management Training Programme. A thematic analysis of the semi-structured interviews indicated that the challenges experienced in the implementation of the programme did not stem solely from operational issues within the National Youth Development Agency, but from the conceptualisation and design of the Business Management Training Programme.
On this basis, it is recommended that the National Youth Development Agency use the Design and Architecture Framework for Entrepreneurship Education and Training to conceptualise and design their own Business Management Training Programme. The study concluded that by conceptualising and designing its own programme, the National Youth Development Agency will be able to address the unique entrepreneurial education and training challenges being experienced in South Africa.Public Administration and Management
M. (Public Administration)
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Tadu, Ruramayi. "Effects of governance on the sustainability and continuity of family businesses in Botswana." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24338.
Full textAbstract:
Family businesses have become a topic of growing interest among scholars and policy makers
at both international and local levels, particularly given the sector’s contribution to the world
economies. The increasingly volatile employment climate that prevails in many African
settings today has increased the focus on small and medium enterprises as engines of
economic growth and employment creation, and Botswana is no exception. The majority of
family businesses are small to medium enterprises.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of governance structures and
systems on the sustainability and continuity of family-owned and controlled businesses in
Botswana. A study of this nature was important in view that some key sectors of the Botswana
economy are dominated by small and medium family businesses. Of concern is the lack of
continuity from one generation to the other among family businesses. Therefore, an
understanding of the family dynamics and family business governance systems is important
for managing the success and survival of the family business. Studies on small and medium
enterprises have been carried out in Botswana mostly focusing on their problems, but not on
their governance and sustainability. This was done using a cross-sectional research survey
design. The target population for the study comprised small and medium family-owned
businesses drawn from the manufacturing and professional services sectors and registered with
the Business Botswana and Local Enterprises Authority in 2017. A sample of 144 familyowned
businesses based in Gaborone and Francistown was polled.
Quantitative data for the research was collected using a questionnaire. The quantitative
research methodology adopted applied correlation and regression analysis, utilised Pearson
correlation tests and Levene’s independent sample tests were performed to measure the
relationships between five independent variables and the sustainability and continuity of
family businesses in Botswana. This research empirically tested five hypotheses relating to
governance factors that affect the sustainability and continuity of family businesses in
Botswana. The research findings support the notion that the presence of governance structures,
effective communication, decision-making, succession planning, and a vision, mission and
strategy have a positive effect on the sustainability and continuity of family businesses. This
research also established that small and medium family businesses face the same challenges as any other formation by ownership of non-family small and medium enterprises. Evidence is
also provided that the challenges faced by family businesses in Botswana do not differ
significantly with challenges faced by small and medium family businesses, with most
respondents citing a lack of funding as the major challenge. For small and medium enterprises
to continue playing their critical role in the economic development of Botswana, they need to
formalise and adopt systematic approaches to strategy formulation and implementation,
succession planning, governance structures and compliance. It is recommended that future
studies focus on developing systematic generic models and assist small and medium familyowned
businesses to implement and improve on their sustainability and continuity of
businesses in Botswana.Business Management
D. Admin.
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Ngwenya, Zandile Charmaine. "Export involvement processes employed by small businesses requiring government support in the City of Tshwane." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27450.
Full textAbstract:
Small Businesses (SBs) in the city of Tshwane increasingly engage in export activities due to higher growth rates. The South African government recognises the significance of SBs, resulting in support programmes to increase involvement in export markets. However, SBs still face export challenges from internal and external sources.
This study explored export involvement processes of SBs in the City of Tshwane. 20 participants took part in a qualitative data collection method using observation and semi-structured interviews. Atlas.ti software was used to analyse the data.
Findings suggest that SBs are confronted with varying constraints affecting commitment in export involvement processes. Low levels of awareness and participation in export programmes make it difficult to determine their contribution to the export involvement of SBs.
Recommendations are for an evaluation of government export programmes accompanied by export education and training programmes to ensure that SBs achieve desirable outcome of export involvement in various export markets.Business Management
M. Com. (Business Management)
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Kenosi, Precious Queen. "Entrepreneurship through the Junior Achievement Botswana Programme : realities and perceptions." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4092.
Full textAbstract:
Though Botswana is regarded as one of the richer countries in Africa, it is faced with
challenges experienced by other developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa such as
poverty, unemployment and HIV/AIDS. Recession in the mining and agriculture sectors,
which have been the pillars of the country's wealth, has caused the economy to decline.
The National Development Plan 9 (NDP 9 2003/4-2008/9) is a five year national
development plan for Botswana that states that 36.7% of the populace have incomes
below the poverty datum line. Entrenched in the nation's Vision 2016 statement are two
development goals aimed at poverty reduction; to create sustainable jobs and to develop
human resources. The Botswana government has thus earmarked the promotion of small,
medium and micro-enterprises as one of the measures to reduce poverty. This shift to
self-employment would help create much needed jobs, contribute to the economy and
improve the quality of life of the Batswana. The government's efforts alone will not
suffice in this predicament. It needs the assistance of all stakeholders including the
private sector and the general public.
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the Junior Achievement Botswana
Programme is an effective programme for equipping the youth in Botswana with business
skills with the hope that they would in turn establish businesses in their communities. The
study focused on exploring the perceptions of the trainees/learners in the programme to
establish if they felt that the training gave them the necessary knowledge and skills to
boost their confidence and motivation to plan, start up and sustain business ventures. The
perceptions of teachers and trainers involved in the delivery of the programme were also
sought to establish the programme's strengths and challenges and to suggest how the
programme could be improved. The study also employed an entrepreneurial test to
determine whether the programme attracted teachers and students who have the desired
characteristics for business. At the heart of this study was an attempt to articulate the role
of education and training in preparing the youth for self-employment. Data was collected
using both quantitative and qualitative data collection strategies. The data was analysed
descriptively as well deriving themes and meanings.
The study found out that the JAB is a good and informative programme that inspires the
youth and instils confidence in them to believe that they have gained knowledge and
skills required to be engaged in viable business ventures. They felt particularly confident
about market research, production and marketing components of running businesses.
However, the study also found out that the programme has deficiencies such as
insufficient preparation of its trainees to access and manage finances, inability to develop
networks for support especially once the students have left schools and are no longer
under the comforting guidance of the programme facilitators. In addition, the study
realised that the programme seems to overlook the role of monitoring, follow up,
evaluation, networking and mentoring in training for entrepreneurship. Issues pertaining
to partnerships and public relations also surfaced in the study. On the whole, the
respondents in the study found the programme enjoyable and worthwhile and wished it
could be extended to many others.
The study also found that the desired characteristics for business as identified by the
entrepreneurship test administered were possessed by fewer than 20 percent of the
students and teachers. This may also have contributed to the low numbers of people who
went on to start their own businesses.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.