Academic literature on the topic 'Small business – Malawi'
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Journal articles on the topic "Small business – Malawi"
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Mtsitsi, Lovemore, Joseph K. Dzanja, Sera Gondwe, and Bonet C. Kamwana. "Effects of Microcredit on the Financial Performance of Small Scale Cooking Oil Processors in Central Malawi." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 6 (May 10, 2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n6p159.
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<p>The study was conducted to determine the effect of microcredit on financial performance of small scale cooking oil processors in central Malawi. Adopting a mixed research approach, the DuPont identity was used to compare the financial strengths and weaknesses between businesses that acquired a microcredit and those that did not. First, the study found that small scale cooking oil processing is a profitable business, regardless of their status in microcredit acquisition. However, microcredit had mixed effects on the financial performance of businesses. Microcredit improved the level of business capital for the businesses translating into better production efficiency, competitiveness and acquisition of a market share thus positively contributing to financial performance. On the other hand, microcredit increased the debt equity ratio hence increasing the businesses’ risk of default. The study recommends the businesses to further improve production efficiency and net asset turnovers. In addition, small and medium scale businesses ought to prudently contract microcredit in order to enhance their financial performance whilst checking for their risk of financial distress.</p>
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Chawinga, Winner Dominic, and George Theodore Chipeta. "A synergy of knowledge management and competitive intelligence." Business Information Review 34, no. 1 (March 2017): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266382116689171.
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With competition becoming more intense and complex, the market orientation perspectives dictate that enterprises whether large or small have one choice if they are to survive the torrent and turbulent market environment in which they operate to upgrade their internal business activities and to integrate events from the external environment. This article is concerned with knowledge management (KM) and competitive intelligence (CI) as springboards for competitive advantage in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, the study investigates how KM and CI can be a source of competitive advantage to SMEs in Mzuzu, Malawi. Based on the findings, we demonstrate the combined effect of KM and CI on the success of enterprises or competitive advantage.
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Nanteleza Ndala, Nelson. "Assessing the Access to Finance by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises from Financial Institutions in Blantyre City-Malawi." International Journal of Business and Management 14, no. 5 (April 19, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n5p84.
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SMEs are an integral part of the economy in Malawi. The paper assesses the access to finance by SMEs from financial institutions in Malawi by highlighting the obstacles that SMEs face in their effort to raise finance. The quantitative research approach was adopted in conducting the study. Questionnaires were circulated to 100 SMEs in the City of Blantyre-Ginnery Corner and the SMEs were selected using the random sampling techniques. The following major findings were revealed. There are financial institutions that are willing to provide funds to SMEs for growth and expansion but most Malawian SMEs fail to meet the lending requirements demanded by these institutions. Chief amongst these is the inability by most SMEs to provide collateral or security and audited financial statements for their businesses. On the other hand, for the small number that is able to access finance, they are faced with high interest rates which make it very difficult for them to grow. The other constraints include lack of finance, stiff competition in the sector, high taxes and corruption and bribes to access contracts. Another interesting revelation is that SMEs relationship with their bankers is not healthy. Most SMEs consider their relationship to be average despite recent focus by the banks on SMEs businesses. The study recommends the enforcement of the Credit Reference Bureau Act 2010 to help financial institutions identify and lend to creditworthy SMEs; banks should soften their adverse risk attitude of over reliance on collateral rather than on business cash flows. The government should also consider provision of tax incentives to banks’ lending to SMEs; stabilisation of the economy to achieve lower inflation and interest rates and formulation of government policy on SMEs that would compel Ministries, Departments and Agencies to allocate a proportion of contracts to SMEs in any tender. Lastly, financial institutions should revisit their approach to SME banking.
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Binauli Nanthuru, Stella, Liu Pingfeng, Nie Guihua, and Victoria Lucas Mkonya. "An Assessment of Risk Management Practices of SME Taxpayers in Malawi and their Impact on Tax Compliance." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 4, no. 4 (2018): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.44.1001.
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This study assesses understanding of Risk, and extent of risk management practices in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) taxpayers in Malawi, subsequently, investigates their relationship with financial performance and tax compliance. The study focuses on unlimited business sectors of SME taxpayers which drew a representation of our sample of 324 SMEs, using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze and test hypotheses. Results indicate that half of the SME taxpayers are aware of risks, but only 23% of respondents underwent any training on risk management. 90% of respondents revealed that tax rates are the most significant business constraint; value-added tax (VAT) being the most challenging tax to file. Most respondents identified risks through experience, with risk management practices centering on Chief Executive Officers. Empirical evidence on Path analysis and bootstrapping results established a significant relationship between understanding risks, risk management practices, financial performance and Tax compliance, which is positive, signaling a roadmap for risk mitigation if tax administration is to widen its SME tax net.
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Holm, Rochelle H., Alinafe Kamangira, Mavuto Tembo, Victor Kasulo, Hastings Kandaya, Peter Gijs Van Enk, and Alex Velzeboer. "Sanitation service delivery in smaller urban areas (Mzuzu and Karonga, Malawi)." Environment and Urbanization 30, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247818766495.
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This paper assesses the provision of sanitation services in two urban areas in northern Malawi, both with populations under 150,000, to determine the potential for private sector enterprises to contribute to longer-term self-reliance as part of the overall sanitation situation. The paper shows that most households in the two study areas use pit latrines and remain unserved with regard to both faecal sludge management and solid waste removal. Local governments have been unable to offer adequate coverage of sanitation services, and community-based organizations are doing very little that is relevant to the issue. This gap offers a viable business opportunity for private sanitation service providers. Of these two urban areas, Karonga Town has no formal private sector services, but Mzuzu City has pit emptying and solid waste collection services, plus some small-scale manufacturers of pre-made pit latrine slabs. The paper explores these activities, considering their accessibility to low-income customers. It closes with suggestions regarding the potential for building on what is currently available.
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Chilembwe, James Malitoni. "BICYCLES TRANSPORT SUSTAINABILITY OPPORTUNITIES FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF MZUZU CITY, MALAWI." International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews 4, no. 1 (March 19, 2017): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2017.411.
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PurposeThe objective of the study is to investigate and critically analyze the sustainability of bicycle taxi transport as informal business operation, the operators prevailing challenges and its contribution to sustainable urban transport and tourism development in Mzuzu City, Malawi.Design / Methodology/ApproachThe study was conducted with ten bicycle taxi operators, road users, and two city council and two government authorities in Mzuzu City, Malawi. The sampling technique for bicycle taxi operators was random to collect primary data whereas authorities from city council and government used a representative sampling technique to collect both primary and secondary data type (rules documents and regulations as well as by-laws). The research used both questionnaire and in-depth interviews. In this case, mixed method approach suited very well with a small sample in a small tourist city.FindingsThe empirical results reveal that bicycle taxi operators are called periodically by road traffic officials and provide them with an awareness on how to operate on the roads within the city. It also reveals that there is no law that restricts operators from riding a bicycle in the city. Furthermore, reveals that bicycle taxi operators do not cause accidents, but rather accidents are caused by several factors, among them: pedestrians, drunkards, not following rules and regulation by road users. Therefore, bicycle taxi users vowed to continue using bicycles because there are cheap and can take them anywhere motorized cars cannot reach. Despite a few challenges operators are facing, bicycles transport will be sustained, hence contributing to domestic tourism development.Practical / Social ImplicationsThe study reveals that bicycle transport should be properly formalized and integrated into urban transport in Mzuzu City which would lead to the creation of an environmentally friendly city; continued provision of affordable public and tourists transport; and improving revenue base for the city council, as they will be able to collect revenue from the operators.The results of this study cannot be generalized since the researcher focused on one city with a very small population with a small sample size.Novelty / Originality There are very few studies or none existing at all conducted in tourism to study bicycle transport sustainability opportunities for tourism development in Malawi, and this may be first of its kind.
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Kanyoma, Kizito Elijah, Frank Wogbe Agbola, and Richard Oloruntoba. "An evaluation of supply chain integration across multi-tier supply chains of manufacturing-based SMEs in Malawi." International Journal of Logistics Management 29, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 1001–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-10-2017-0277.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the interrelationships in internal and external supply chain integration (SCI) across multiple tiers of manufacturing-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in a developing country, Malawi. Design/methodology/approach Utilizing the resource-based view, resource-dependence and network theory perspectives, and drawing on a multiple embedded case-study approach, the research investigated the internal and external linkages within three-tier supplier, manufacturer and retailer SCs and described varying perspectives of SCI across supply chain positions. Findings Firms with strategic intra-firm resources were less committed to external integration, deploying their resources as a source of power to dominate and exploit their dependent partners. The SCI across multiple tiers was impaired by dependence but enhanced by interdependence strategies of firms. Although lack of trust, promotion of non-overlapping self-interests, corruption in sourcing processes and resource constraints negatively affected SCI, firm commitment to external integration promoted greater commitment among firms, thus having a positive effect on SCI. Research limitations/implications Further analysis of SCI of SME triads and a more systematic longitudinal analysis across other market segments should be explored to generalize the conclusions of this study. Practical implications The external influences on dyadic relationships go beyond the interactions of heterogeneous firms in the network to encompass interpersonal interactions across the network, where individuals may potentially prioritize personal connections and sabotage the interests of their firms. Originality/value The research explored the internal and external dimensions of SCI in multi-tier SCs of SMEs, and provided for the first time new evidence to show that firm commitment to engaging with partners complements the mechanisms of SCI within a developing country context. It highlights the need to develop trust, eliminate corruption, promote greater commitment of SC partners and encourage greater investment in firms’ resource capabilities to enhance SCI among SMEs.
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Pavlović, Milica, and Ksenija Denčić-Mihajlov. "Sustainable development reporting and sustainable financing: Challenges for small and medium enterprises." Ekonomski izazovi 9, no. 18 (2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekoizazov2018049p.
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In a dynamic business environment, the importance of doing business in accordance with the principles of sustainable development is recognized not only by large companies, but also by small and medium enterprises, which are the "driving force" of modern economies. Having in mind the commitment to socially responsible business and the requirements of the modern business environment, it is necessary to inform stakeholders about the impact of companies on society and the environment, as well as socially responsible activities that companies carry out due to changes in conditions and ways of doing business. Accordingly, it is necessary to implement integrated reporting, which would include, in addition to traditional financial, nonfinancial indicators of business performance. In order to adopt an internationally recognized methodology for evaluating the performance of sustainable development, certain initiatives have been taken by regulators, standard setters and professional associations. Due to their characteristics, small and medium-sized enterprises require special guidelines when compiling reports on sustainable development. The focus of this paper is on the challenges that these companies face in disclosing information on sustainable development indicators. Special attention is paid to the costs of this type of reporting, the lack of necessary resources and the ownership structure.
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Đurić, Zvezdan, and Olivera Đurić. "Small business as a chance to redeem the great potential of the Russian economy." Ekonomski pogledi 16, no. 4 (2014): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopog1403183d.
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Ilić-Kosanović, Tatjana, Vladimir Tomašević, and Damir Ilić. "Micro and small enterprises and human resources retention in a pandemic." Serbian Journal of Engineering Management 5, no. 2 (2020): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sjem2002077i.
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Micro and small businesses, especially information technology startups, as well as micro and small family businesses engaged in production using high technologies, and innovation, are a very important element of a country's economy. However, in conditions where the owner is usually the manager of the company and when there is no established human resources management sector or a designated position with responsibilities in the field of human resources management, the human management process itself is mostly informal, ad hoc, and subject to frequent changes. Human resource management problems are particularly noticeable in crisis situations such as the COVID-19 virus pandemic. This paper examines the attitudes (in the form of interviews) of managers and owners of small businesses in the field of information technology and high technologies towards the retention of employees in the COVID-19 virus pandemic in the first week of declaring a state of emergency in Serbia and in the first week of May, when the lifting of the state of emergency was announced. Although the sample is small, it can be concluded that small businesses were unprepared for this crisis, but that in terms of human resource management, especially when it comes to retention and rewarding employees, small businesses in the field of information technology have been able, because of the nature of their work, to overcome the crisis much easier than companies engaged in production (although they are utilizing high technologies).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Small business – Malawi"
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Chilipunde, Rodrick Lengama. "Constraints and challenges faced by small, medium and micro enterprise contractors in Malawi." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1220.
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Small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) are an important sector of any construction economy. The need for efficient SMMEs is well documented and cannot be over-emphasised. SMMEs are vital in their contribution to employment creation and value reorientation. However, their in process operations are not well understood and have rarely been addressed. The aim of this research was therefore to establish a base level of understanding of the operational core-face of SMMEs in Malawi. The methodology used included an extensive literature review and field survey conducted on 52 SMMEs. The field survey used the questionnaire instrument and random sampling. The critical findings from the literature were that there are binding constraints in the operations of SMMEs. The field survey confirmed the issues raised in the literature and posited the operational challenges as lack of finance, training and business skills; limited skills in Construction Information Technology (IT), and prevalence of unethical conduct amongst some of the stakeholders. The findings make an invaluable contribution to the search for solutions to the problems faced by construction SMMEs in Malawi and provide insight for further research in institutional weaknesses and policy issues regarding in this part of the world. The implications of the findings are that unless the limitations named above are resolved, SMMEs in Malawi will continue to experience poor growth and competitiveness. The recommendations include the developing of training programmes in business management, introduction of sector specific financing programmes and the provision of an appropriate regulatory and legislative framework. By establishing the core issues affecting the operations of SMMEs in the Malawian construction industry, the research has contributed to the enhancement of the understanding of this elusive subject.
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Mwandumba, Gertrude Ennet. "Globalisation, structural adjustment and small and micro-sized enterprises in Malawi." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5830/.
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Kanyangale, Macdonald Isaac. "Conveniencing the family in agri-based processing enterprise : a grounded theory study of strategic leaders' cultural assumptions and strategising activities." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002798.
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As leaders of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), strategic leaders are responsible for strategising, the approach to which is influenced by their cultural paradigm. The effects of this strategising are manifested in the day-to-day activities of these leaders. This study aims to build an understanding of the shared cultural assumptions of strategic leaders in agri-based processing SMEs and how these assumptions affect the strategising activities that are adopted when addressing critical incidents related to the internal integration and external adaptation of the SME. Using Strauss and Corbin‟s (1990) grounded theory method, this study develops a theory titled Conveniencing the Family in Business, which is induced from critical incidents. A sample of critical incidents was gathered from 44 qualitative interviews conducted with strategic leaders of various agri-based processing SMEs operating in Malawi. This study found that strategic leaders display persistent and stable pragmatic business survival mind sets, but dynamic cultural assumptions about relationships with organisation members. The cultural influence of these assumptions is manifested in two distinctive and alternative processes making up the theory of conveniencing the family in business. These are the humanising and commodifying of relationships with organisation members, and they are evident in hostile and friendly business environments, respectively. Humanising of relationships with all members of the organisation builds and capitalises on inclusive, organisation-wide social capital that secures the future of the business. On the other hand, commodifying of relationships with non-family organisation members weakens collective support, which becomes mainly dependent on family and friendship ties. Thus, commodifying of relationships serves to perpetuate the close integration of business activity and family requirements to ultimately convenience the family in business, and represents the desired modus operandi of strategic leaders. As strategic leaders of SMEs have not yet conceptualised this, providing them with the conceptual theory developed here may be helpful towards a consistent re-orientation of the internal organisational support in a way that does not exclude but rather harnesses the wider solidarity of organisation members. The process explained by this theory is iterative, dynamic and distinguishes patterns of relationships amongst organisation members, which either enhances or compromises their collective support for the leaders and the enterprise. This by implication affects the performance of the enterprise. The results of this study are discussed from the perspective of social exchange and social capital theory, thereby contributing to the understanding of the strategising activities of strategic leaders, as well as the processes of building or destroying social capital in this type of enterprise.
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Nakanga, Wellington Wilknes Mkwepu. "An investigation of factors affecting entrepreneurial activity in the small and medium enterprise sector in Malawi." 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000309.
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Chokhotho, Thembani Benjamin. "Beyond the edge: rethinking a new multi-functional commercial typology along Lilongwe River : Malawi to empower small scale businesses." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/30258.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture (ProfessionalThis research report will address the issue of empowerment through reconfiguring an existing organic informal market typology by expanding its functions to allow for learning and skills development. In many African countries, the typical response for people driven informal (self-help) markets has been eviction, demolition, and relocation to other supposedly modern facilities. However, many informal markets are situated within an advantageous geographical location and have a self-organized operational logic that guides their continued existence despite many challenges. Therefore, using the case of Tsoka and Lizulu Market in Lilongwe, Malawi, this study will attempt to appropriate the logic that makes such markets thrive and use that to develop a design approach that moves away from the typical approaches. The research will analyze the commodity value chains experienced by small scale traders in Malawi, Lilongwe, the tsoka & Lizulu market through interviews, mapping as well as literature and document reviews. It is expected that this study will generate a design intervention that will facilitate the continuation and improvement of existing trading activities and also introduce new functions that are aimed at enhancing the growth potential of micro-scale businesses as well as small scale farmers.
PH2020
Books on the topic "Small business – Malawi"
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Chirwa, Ephraim W. Gender and performance of micro and small enterprises in Malawi. Zomba, Malawi: University of Malawi, Chancellor College, Dept. of Economics, 2005.
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Daniels, Lisa. Results of a nationwide survey on micro, small, and medium enterprises in Malawi. Bethesda, Md: Growth and Equity through Microenterprise Investments and Institutions, 1993.
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Moorsom, Richard. Social action and microcredit funds in Malawi: A pilot study. Fantoft-Bergen, Norway: Chr. Michelsen Institute, 1997.
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Employers' Consultative Association of Malawi. Malawi Decent Work Country Programme: M-DWCP 2011-2016. Lilongwe, Malawi: ECAM, 2011.
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USAID Mission to the Republic of Malawi. Rural Enterprise and Agrobusiness Development Institutions Project. New directions for promoting small and medium scale enterprises in Malawi: Constraints and prospects for growth. [Malawi]: The Project, 1987.
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Omar, Abdul Razak. Menjaring usahawan bumiputera. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors, 1998.
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Yue fa yue da: Zhong xiao qi ye de cheng gong zhi lu. Beijing: Jing ji ke xue chu ban she, 2002.
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USAID Mission to the Republic of Malawi. Rural Enterprise and Agrobusiness Development Institutions Project., ed. The Malawi entrepreneur's handbook. [Lilongwe]: Malawi/U.S.A.I.D., Rural Enterprise and Agrobusiness Development Institutions Project, 1990.
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UNCTAD/WTO, International Trade Centre, and Malaŵi Export Promotion Council, eds. Trade secrets: The export answer book for small and medium sized exporters in Malawi. Genva, Switzerland: International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Small business – Malawi"
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Sako, Dramane, Mamary Traoré, Folocoum Doumbia, Fodé Diallo, Moussa Fané, and Issoufou Kapran. "Kolokani Groundnut Innovation Platform Activities and Achievements Through TL III Project in Mali." In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms, 51–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_4.
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AbstractGroundnut productions have been declining in Mali in spite of several new improved varieties being released, the key problem being inadequacy of the seed supply system. To solve this problem, Kolokani MSP was established in 2012 and reorganized with support from TL III in 2015 to include more stakeholders in the groundnut value chain—farmers particularly women, farmer associations, cooperative societies, seed producers, agro-dealers, grain traders, processors, research and extension. Four new varieties Fleur11, ICGV 86124, ICGV 86015, and ICGV 86024 were supplied to the platform for FPVS and among them two, Fleur 11 and ICGV 86124 were preferred for their high yields and large grain size under farmer conditions. Through training of trainers, the different members of the platform reached 1246 farmers among them 928 women with improved groundnut seed production, aflatoxin management, seed business plans, and small-scale mechanization. A total 47 FPVS, 50 Demonstrations, and three multi-locational variety trials were conducted annually from 2016 to 2018. Kolokani platform have played an important role in groundnut value chain by producing and marketing 85 tons groundnut certified seed of these varieties annually for farmers. This is expected to stop the national productivity decline while improving platform members’ livelihoods and nutrition status.
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Shima Abdul Rani, Nazatul, K. Sarojani Devi Krishnan, Zurinah Suradi, and Nurita Juhdi. "Critical Dimensions of EQ among Malay Women Entrepreneur in Malaysia." In The Science of Emotional Intelligence. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97883.
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This paper highlights the dimensions of emotional quotients (EQ) of Malay women entrepreneurs who own either micro enterprises or small and medium size enterprises in Klang Valley, Malaysia. EQ comprise of five dimensions which are social skills, self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, and empathy. About 1000 questionnaires were distributed around Klang Valley, Malaysia, with a 20% response rate. Out of 200, only 169 questionnaires were able to be used for the analysis of this study. The findings show that the most important dimension of EQ during economic crisis was self-regulation followed by self-motivation, empathy, social skills, and self-awareness. After the economic crisis, the most important dimension was self-awareness followed by social skills, self-motivation, self-regulation, and empathy. Hence, emotional quotients are important for Malay women entrepreneurs during the economic crisis to remain positive and endure business challenges in managing their business operations for business sustainability. The findings also highlighted that after the economic crisis, the focus was more towards facing business challenges from employees, customers, and other stakeholders due to increasing demand in products/services and business activities. To conclude, all the elements of each dimension were considered important for Malay women entrepreneurs during and after the economic crisis.
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Peprah, James Atta, and Charles Buonbah. "Can Access to Microfinance Reduce HIV Prevalence among Women?" In Global Strategies in Banking and Finance, 135–57. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4635-3.ch009.
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Microfinance has been heralded by many as the magic bullet, able to empower marginalized populations by investing into their agency. It has been growing at an average rate of about 40%, and providers have shown interest in reducing HIV prevalence and promoting health educational attainment among beneficiaries’ children especially among women who are vulnerable in most societies. Advocates of microfinance interventions have often stated it aims at improving lives by enabling clients to launch and nurture their own small businesses and enterprises so that they can become independent and improve their livelihoods. However, complementary to microfinance strategy is to assist clients in generating income and growing assets from the impact of crises events such as HIV and related diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis. Sub-Saharan Africa as compared to the rest of the world faces a serious HIV epidemic and the poor in general and women in particular are mostly at risk. This group of people is also the target for microfinance initiatives. The study reviews some theoretical and empirical literature about poverty, HIV and microfinance. The chapter establishes the fact that if microfinance can reduce poverty then it could also be used as a tool for preventing HIV infection. Policy recommendation that will enable microfinance institutions to contribute to the prevention of HIV, and its related diseases are offered.
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Dumas, J. Ann. "Gender ICT and Millennium Development Goals." In Information Communication Technologies, 504–11. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-949-6.ch035.
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Gender equality and information and communication technology are important in the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in policy, planning, and practice. The 2000 Millennium Declaration of the United Nations (UN) formed an international agreement among member states to work toward the reduction of poverty and its effects by 2015 through eight Millennium Development Goals: 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality and the empowerment of women 4. Reduce child and maternal mortality 5. Improve maternal health care 6. Combat HIV and AIDS, malaria, and other major diseases 7. Ensure environmental sustainability 8. Develop global partnership for development Progress toward gender equality and the empowerment of women is one goal that is important to achieving the others. Poverty, hunger, illiteracy, environmental threats, HIV and AIDS, and other health threats disproportionately affect the lives of women and their dependent children. Gender-sensitive ICT applications to education, health care, and local economies have helped communities progress toward the MDGs. ICT applications facilitate rural health-care workers’ access to medical expertise through phones and the Internet. Teachers expand learning resources through the Internet and satellite services, providing a greater knowledge base for learners. Small entrepreneurs with ICT access and training move their local business into world markets. ICT diffusion into world communication systems has been pervasive. Even some of the poorest economies in Africa show the fastest cell-phone growth, though Internet access and landline numbers are still low (International Telecommunications Union [ITU], 2003b). ICT access or a lack of it impacts participation, voice, and decision making in local, regional, and international communities. ICTs impact the systems that move or inhibit MDG progress. UN secretary general Kofi Annan explained the role of the MDGs in global affairs: Millennium Development Goals are too important to fail. For the international political system, they are the fulcrum on which development policy is based. For the billion-plus people living in extreme poverty, they represent the means to a productive life. For everyone on Earth, they are a linchpin to the quest for a more secure and peaceful world. (UN, 2005, p. 28) Annan also stressed the critical need for partnerships to facilitate technology training to enable information exchange and analysis (UN, 2005). ICT facilitates sharing lessons of success and failure, and progress evaluation of work in all the MDG target areas. Targets and indicators measuring progress were selected for all the MDGs. Gender equality and women’s empowerment are critical to the achievement of each other goal. Inadequate access to the basic human needs of clean water, food, education, health services, and environmental sustainability and the support of global partnership impacts great numbers of women. Therefore, the targets and indicators for Goal 3 address females in education, employment, and political participation. Progress toward the Goal 3 target to eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015, will be measured by the following indicators. • Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary, and tertiary education • Ratio of literate females to males who are 15- to 24-year-olds • Share of women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector • Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (World Bank, 2003) Education is positively related to improved maternal and infant health, economic empowerment, and political participation (United Nations Development Program [UNDP], 2004; World Bank, 2003). Education systems in developing countries are beginning to offer or seek ways to provide ICT training as a basic skill and knowledge base. Proactive policy for gender equality in ICT access has not always accompanied the unprecedented ICT growth trend. Many civil-society representatives to the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) argue for ICT access to be considered a basic human right (Girard & Ó Soichrú, 2004; UN, 1948). ICT capability is considered a basic skill for education curriculum at tertiary, secondary, and even primary levels in developed regions. In developing regions, ICT access and capability are more limited but are still tightly woven into economic communication systems. ICTs minimize time and geography barriers. Two thirds of the world’s poor and illiterate are women (World Bank, 2003). Infant and maternal health are in chronic crisis for poor women. Where poverty is highest, HIV and AIDS are the largest and fastest growing health threat. Ninety-five percent of people living with HIV and AIDS are in developing countries, partly because of poor dissemination of information and medical treatment. Women are more vulnerable to infection than men. Culturally reinforced sexual practices have led to higher rates of HIV infection for women. Gender equality and the empowerment of women, starting with education, can help fight the spread of HIV, AIDS, and other major diseases. ICT can enhance health education through schools (World Bank). Some ICT developers, practitioners, and distributors have identified ways to incorporate gender inclusiveness into their policies and practice for problem-solving ICT applications toward each MDG target area. Yet ICT research, development, education, training, applications, and businesses remain male-dominated fields, with only the lesser skilled and salaried ICT labor force approaching gender equality. Successful integration of gender equality and ICT development policy has contributed to MDG progress through several projects in the developing regions. Notable examples are the South-African-based SchoolNet Africa and Bangladesh-based Grameen Bank Village Pay Phone. Both projects benefit from international public-private partnerships. These and similar models suggest the value and importance of linking gender equality and empowerment with global partnership for development, particularly in ICT. This article reports on developing efforts to coordinate the achievement of the MDGs with policy, plans, and practice for gender equality beyond the universal educational target, and with the expansion of ICT access and participation for women and men. The article examines the background and trends of MDG 3, to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women, with particular consideration of MDG 8, to develop global partnership for development, in ICT access and participation.
Conference papers on the topic "Small business – Malawi"
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Afian, Affan. "Analysis of Small Family Business in Gondanglegi Malang District." In 2nd Annual Conference on Social Science and Humanities (ANCOSH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210413.033.
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Maftuchah, Ms, Aris Winaya, and Sofyan Arief. "The Opportunity of Intellectual Property on Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises in Malang Raya Region." In Mulawarman International Conference on Economics and Business (MICEB 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/miceb-17.2018.23.
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Susilowati, Kartika DS, Nur Indah Riwajanti, and Retno Widiastuti. "Financial Analysis to Predict Financial Distress of Small and Medium-Sized Entities in Malang City." In 2nd Annual Management, Business and Economic Conference (AMBEC 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210717.035.
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Prakasa, Yudha. "Influence of Intellectual Capital toward Micro Small and Medium Enterprises’ (MSMEs’) Performance in Malang City." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of Business and Public Administration (AICoBPA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aicobpa-18.2019.59.
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Šugar, Violeta. "Budućnost u inovativnim hibridnim radnim mjestima: što smo naučili tijekom korona krize o kvaliteti na poslu?" In Kvaliteta-jučer, danas, sutra (Quality-yesterday, today, tomorrow), edited by Miroslav Drljača. Croatian Quality Managers Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52730/imzm9517.
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Sažetak: Jedna od posljedica pandemije korona virusa velik je šok i za europsko i za svjetsko gospodarstvo. Utjecaj na razne sektore i poduzeća ovisi o nizu čimbenika, među ostalim o mogućnosti prilagodbe radnih mjesta, odnosno načina obavljanja radnih zadataka u kontekstu epidemioloških mjera. Organizacije se suočavaju s potrebom novoga strateškog pristupa u organizaciji poslova, zaštiti zdravlja na radnome mjestu, komuniciranju u novim okolnostima, vođenju, motiviranju, te upravljanju prihodima i troškovima. U New Yorku se, primjerice, samo 14% od više od milijun službenika do sredine siječnja vratilo u svoje urede, čime su ugroženi mnogi mali poduzetnici (trgovine, restorani), ali i život na Manhattanu. Za vrijeme proljetnog zatvaranja 62% zaposlenih Amerikanaca radilo je od kuće, što je više nego dvostruko više u odnosu na nekoliko godina ranije. Mnogi su od njih izrazili zadovoljstvo brzom prilagodbom i učinkovitošću, međutim novija istraživanja pokazuju kako rad od kuće ima i negativnih učinaka, poput onih vezanih uz izravnu komunikaciju, dijeljenje znanja, kreativno rješavanje izazova, ali i odvajanje privatnog i poslovnog života. U ovome se radu analiziraju elementi kvalitete radnoga mjesta, načini prilagodbe i organizacije rada različitih djelatnosti u pandemijskim uvjetima, te prednosti i nedostaci rada od kuće / na daljinu u potrazi za odgovorom na pitanje je li budućnost u hibridnim radnim mjestima. Abstract: One of the consequences of the corona virus pandemic is a major shock to the economies worldwide. The impact on various sectors and companies depends on several factors, including the possibility of adapting jobs, i.e., the way of performing work tasks in the context of epidemiological measures. Organizations face the need for a new strategic approach in work organization, in workplace health protection, with communication under new circumstances, as well as in leadership, motivation, and revenue and cost management. In New York, for example, only 14% of more than a million employees returned to their offices by mid-January, threatening many small businesses (shops, restaurants) but also the living in Manhattan. During the spring lockdown, 62% of employed Americans worked from home which is more than twice as many as a few years earlier. Many of them expressed satisfaction with the quick adjustment and efficiency, but recent research shows that working from home also has negative effects, such as those related to direct communication, knowledge sharing, creative problem solving, but also the separation of private and business life. This paper analyses the elements of workplace quality, ways of adapting and organizing the work of different activities in pandemic conditions, and advantages and disadvantages of teleworking in search of an answer to the question of whether the future is in hybrid workplaces.