Journal articles: 'Small business – Mozambique – Maputo'

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Urban, Boris, Stephanie Althea Townsend, and Amanda Bowen. "DEV Mozambique: food security through innovative social enterprise development." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2020-0042.

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Learning outcomes At the end of the case discussion, the students should be able to: evaluate the factors influencing entrepreneurship in an African context; discuss the relevance of developmental entrepreneurship in an African context; assess an enabling environment and ecosystem for stimulating entrepreneurship; analyse and resolve practical issues in starting a business under challenging conditions; understand how accelerator programmes work in an African context; appreciate how partnerships can be leveraged to foster entrepreneurship; evaluate relevant business models and their challenges to grow enterprises; and understand the social entrepreneurship journey of a founder. Case overview/synopsis In March 2019, Elena Gaffurini, managing partner of DEV Mozambique (DEV), sat down to evaluate the business. DEV, based in Maputo and launched in 2015, was a consulting and services company supporting entrepreneurial development in Mozambique, by training and supporting small businesses in agricultural-related sectors to improve food security. Gaffurini – a self-proclaimed purpose-driven person – now questioned whether DEV’s impact on social and economic development was significant enough to justify the effort she and her team put into it and whether DEV should reconsider its current business model to create more impact. Complexity academic level Postgraduate: MBA and Executive Education. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

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Weststrate, Johanna, Alberto Gianoli, Jasper Eshuis, Geske Dijkstra, Idrisse Jorge Cossa, and Maria Rusca. "The regulation of onsite sanitation in Maputo, Mozambique." Utilities Policy 61 (December 2019): 100968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2019.100968.

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Zuin, Valentina, Leonard Ortolano, and Jennifer Davis. "The entrepreneurship myth in small-scale service provision: Water resale in Maputo, Mozambique." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 4, no. 2 (October 21, 2013): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.065.

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About 20% of the urban population in sub-Saharan Africa relies on resellers of utility water for their water supply, yet the practice has received little attention either in the academic literature or in sector policy. This study uses primary data collected from more than 200 resellers in Maputo, Mozambique, through in-person surveys, participant observation and focus group discussions. Despite the widely held assumption that all small-scale water providers are profit-maximizing entrepreneurs, this study suggests that this model does not characterize resale behavior in Maputo. Instead, three non-mutually exclusive motivations provide more persuasive explanations for why households resell utility water: (1) earning cash to meet daily subsistence needs; (2) obtaining a form of informal social insurance to deal with future needs; and (3) solidifying embeddedness in social relationships by satisfying the social norms of their communities. These findings suggest that programs and policies typically designed for small-scale providers may be inappropriate for water resellers.

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Dzeco, Fernando Agostinho, and Dr Anand Mohan. "Town Massive Garbage –To - Energy for Maputo City in Mozambique Thesis." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (August 2, 2020): 781–828. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul403.

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The growing development nowadays on Mozambique is directly associated to the crescent industrialization and the increasing number of the population on enormous cities of the Nation, what needs more electrical energy and produce more garbage; uncontrolled and putting it in a challenge to face this scenario. Maputo City is facing huge problem with the Town Massive Garbage (TMG), without the structure to treat it, which deposited in the open dumpsite out of normal conditions, contributing for many diseases and environment impact, when it is burnt or it burns spontaneously, the subterranean water body is contaminated with leachate (methane); and proximately 72% of population or citizens have not electrical energy. The intention of this task is principally to turn the Town Massive Garbage into electrical energy in Maputo City the capital of the country, taking on the different technologies according to the garbage’s conditions and increase the capacity of energy which is approximately to 20% on the Country and to reduce the impact of environment from the landfill and, the number of landfill and dumpsites, working and attempting to achieve the sustainable development goals. The country has been recording constant interruptions of power supply due to increased energy demand resulting from the development of their Citizen, construction of new industrial, hotel and Office building together with housing. The motivations is to apply garbage as other innocuous source of power or energy, knowing that in the country mainly hydropower and solar, wind, biomass in a small quantity, coal, fuel are vanishing; reduce the impact of environment, global warm and ailments caused by it. The methodologies used to achieve the objectives are thermodynamics, heat transfer expressions and the COCO-OPEN simulation methodology to predate the energy generate from the composition and quantity of MSW. The results illustrates the possibility to enforce Town massive Garbage as source of energy or power, clearly taking in account the track conditions, as the heating value of it is nearly equal to the coal value which has been used to generate energy in many plants around the world. Municipal solid waste should be the future source of electricity to many developing countries if they create the structure to deal with it, treating, separating in different categories, controllin

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Jimenez-Redal, Ruben, Alison Parker, and Paul Jeffrey. "Factors influencing the uptake of household water connections in peri-urban Maputo, Mozambique." Utilities Policy 28 (March 2014): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2013.11.003.

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Paganini, Nicole, Kustiwa Adinata, Nomonde Buthelezi, David Harris, Stefanie Lemke, Alberto Luis, Jennifer Koppelin, et al. "Growing and Eating Food during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Farmers’ Perspectives on Local Food System Resilience to Shocks in Southern Africa and Indonesia." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 8556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208556.

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The COVID-19 outbreak forced governments to make decisions that had adverse effects on local food systems and supply chains. As a result, many small-scale food producers faced difficulties growing, harvesting, and selling their goods. This participatory research examines local small-scale farmers’ challenges as farmers but also as consumers and their coping strategies during the month of April and one week in June 2020. The study was initiated and conceptualized in collaboration with small-scale farmer members of an existing research network in selected urban and rural areas in South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Indonesia. Participants co-designed the research, collected and uploaded data through digital survey tools, and contributed to data analysis and interpretation. A common observation across regions is that the measures imposed in response to COVID-19 highlighted and partly exacerbated existing socio-economic inequalities among food system actors. Strict lockdowns in Cape Town, South Africa, and Masvingo, Zimbabwe, significantly restricted the production capacity of small-scale farmers in the informal economy and created more food insecurity for them. In Maputo, Mozambique, and Toraja and Java, Indonesia, local food systems continued to operate and were even strengthened by higher social capital and adaptive capacities.

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Sawaya, Alen, and Shepherd Bhero. "Large Enterprises Neglect Supporting SMEs in Mozambique." Journal of Economics and Public Finance 4, no. 1 (January 16, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v4n1p77.

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It is globally accepted that support to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) at their birth and during growth is essential to nurture them in order to avoid premature deaths. Support to SMEs can come in many forms, but large enterprises support to SMEs, especially manufacturing ones is crucial to enable them to enhance their organizational structure, adoption of new technology and gaining financial stability. The objective of this research was to find out the impact of large firms support to SMEs and how the two sectors interact in the Mozambican economy. Using a sample of SMEs from Greater Maputo to represent the country as a whole, the study was carried out involving three sectors, manufacturing, services and commerce sub-sectors. The research used quantitative methodology applying face-to-face questionnaires, based on structured close ended questions. The study found that there was very little support to SMEs coming from large firm in Mozambique. It was recommended that more incentives and encouragements be given to large firms in order to increase their participation in SMEs development and growth in the country.

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Bhatt, Jigar. "Comparison of small-scale providers' and utility performance in urban water supply: the case of Maputo, Mozambique." Water Policy 16, no. 1 (October 3, 2013): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.083.

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Following independence from colonial rule, African governments struggled to cope with the legacy of fragmented water services and new demands of peri-urban population growth. Privatization was presented as a panacea that would expand and improve water supply. Small-scale independent water providers (SSPs) were meanwhile often the only actors ensuring that services were available to the peri-urban poor. Nonetheless, they were ignored and even vilified in ‘pro-poor’ strategies of water supply reform. Recent studies have actually demonstrated the important role SSPs play in serving the poor in African cities, however, substantial knowledge gaps remain. This study of SSP activities in Maputo, Mozambique provides rigorous empirical evidence about the performance of fully private SSPs vis-à-vis a privatized utility at both the provider and household level. The findings belie long-held notions of informal water provision as inferior and inefficient and formal sector privatization as the preferred strategy for reaching the poor. Improving water supply in African cities requires an understanding of the specific advantages of provider-types and avoiding universal cures.

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Ahlers, Rhodante, Valeria Perez Güida, Maria Rusca, and Klaas Schwartz. "Unleashing Entrepreneurs or Controlling Unruly Providers? The Formalisation of Small-scale Water Providers in Greater Maputo, Mozambique." Journal of Development Studies 49, no. 4 (November 26, 2012): 470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.713467.

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De Avillez, Maria Margarida, Andrew Greenman, and Susan Marlow. "Ethical Judgments About Social Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Influence of Spatio-Cultural Meanings." Journal of Business Ethics 161, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 877–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04344-z.

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Abstract Within this paper, we adopt a qualitative process approach to explore how ethical judgments are influenced by spatio-cultural meanings applied to social entrepreneurship in the context of Mozambique. We analyse how such ethical judgments emerged using data gathered over a 4 year period in Maputo. Our findings illustrate three modes used to inform ethical judgments: embracing, rejecting and integrating. These describe how ethical judgments transpire as participants evaluate social entrepreneurship drawing upon related global normative meanings and those embedded within the local context. This analysis offers a critical contribution regarding how ethical judgments regarding social entrepreneurship evolve from negotiation and interaction within a context of multiple spatio-cultural meanings.

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Sineque, Alberto, Custódia Macuamule, and Filomena Dos Anjos. "Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Chicken Livers and Gizzards from Industrial and Small Abattoirs, Measured by ELISA Technique in Maputo, Mozambique." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 9 (August 23, 2017): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14090951.

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Brouwer, Roland, and Ilaria Tedesco. "Shackled Orange: Biofortified Varieties in the Sweetpotato Commodity Chain in Mozambique." Sustainable Agriculture Research 8, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v8n2p55.

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Biofortified, orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) varieties are being promoted as a part of a strategy to reduce Vitamin A Deficiency among rural and urban populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper uses the commodity chain approach to understand whether markets may stimulate or not the production of the new orange sweetpotato varieties on Mozambique’s main consumer market, Maputo, its capital and largest city. It shows that the chain linking rural producers to the city’s consumers is operated by private actors; the government provides basic infrastructures and price information. International donors are involved through the dissemination of planting material and nutrition information in support the marketing of OFSP. The commodity chains of white and orange-fleshed varieties are entwined with no clear price differences. The annual marketed volume is estimated at 8,000 tonnes, mostly produced by smallholders and sold to consumers by sidewalk and open-air market retailers. This market segment is dominated by women. A small group of specialized - male and female - commercial OFSP producers supplies about 0.5% to 1% of this market selling directly to a specific group of clients who either buy at farm gate or through home delivery. The conclusion is that the existing commodity chain fails to stimulate the production of OFSP and the expansion of its benefits to wider sections of the population suggesting that the emphasis should be on having biofortified varieties that can compete successfully with the conventional ones at the farm-level.

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Litulo, Carlos. "Population structure and reproduction of the hermit crab Dardanus deformis (Anomura: Diogenidae) in the Indian Ocean." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 4 (June 27, 2005): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405011847.

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The population structure and fecundity of the hermit crab Dardanus deformis were studied. Monthly samples were obtained between January and December 2003 at Costa do Sol, Maputo Bay, southern Mozambique. A total of 604 individuals was analysed of which 273 were males, 164 non-ovigerous females and 167 ovigerous females. The overall size–frequency distributions were unimodal, with males reaching larger sizes than both ovigerous and non-ovigerous females. Females were slightly more abundant than males, but the overall sex ratio did not differ significantly from 1:1. Dardanus deformis showed continuous reproduction throughout the study period. A small number of juveniles was obtained, suggesting that recruitment may take place in a different habitat than that occupied by the adults. The egg number increased with female size, and the high incidence of ovigerous females, may suggest a higher reproductive activity probably as a result of the rapid embryonic development in the study area.

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Casillas-Trasvina, Alberto, Yangxiao Zhou, Tibor Y. Stigter, F. E. F. Mussáa, and D. Juízo. "Application of numerical models to assess multi-source saltwater intrusion under natural and pumping conditions in the Great Maputo aquifer, Mozambique." Hydrogeology Journal 27, no. 8 (November 13, 2019): 2973–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-02053-5.

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Abstract Regional three-dimensional groundwater-flow and saltwater transport models were built to analyse saltwater intrusion in the Great Maputo area, southern Mozambique. Increased water demand has led to many private groundwater abstractions, as the local public water supply network has already reached maximum capacity. Pushing for new strategies to tackle the water-supply shortages exposes the aquifer system to saltwater intrusion from entrapped fossil saline groundwater and seawater. Previous attempts at modelling have been frustrated by data limitations. This study compiled all the available data to build the models, which were subsequently calibrated with observed heads, discharges and salt concentrations. The transport models were used to test hypotheses of potential sources of saltwater resulting in the current salinity distribution. Furthermore, scenarios were simulated to assess the impacts of sea-level rise and projected groundwater abstractions. Results show that saline groundwater is widely distributed in the aquifer’s western sector, where it is a limiting factor for groundwater development, and seawater intrusion is a risk along the coastline. Newly constructed wells (46) along the Infulene River can be operated with some impacts of saltwater upconing and must be closely monitored. Although current groundwater abstractions (60,340 m3/day) are still small compared with groundwater recharge (980,823 m3/day), larger volumes of abstraction are feasible only when using a high number of production wells further away from the city with relatively low yields to avoid saltwater upconing. Capture of fresh groundwater upstream of discharge areas by wells for water supply is possible while maintaining groundwater discharges for groundwater dependent ecosystems.

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Hilmi, Angela. "The Alfredo Namitete Agroecology Credit System: A New Business Model That Supports Small-Scale Lending." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (July 27, 2019): 4062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154062.

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A major obstruction in the development of sustainable agriculture is the weakness of the financial and banking sectors in supporting smallholder farming. While farmers need to invest in their farms, they struggle to find credit schemes adapted to their specific needs. This study explores the literature on a range of credit systems applied in different geographical and historical contexts to analyse the underlying drivers of their successes or otherwise. In light of this review, the study investigates a farmers’ association, Alfredo Namitete (AN), in Mozambique, offering a range of agroecology credit modalities. It is then assessed as to whether a new business model initiated with seed funding could be self-managed by the association itself and lead to greater autonomy. The AN pilot tested three schemes between 2015 and 2019. Based on the findings, i.e., better production, increased revenue and greater self-determination, the study combines elements for a new business model for small-scale lending. It concludes that to be effective, a credit scheme needs to meet several conditions simultaneously: believe in the genuine will to repay, abolish the lender–borrower distance, ensure a role for women in decision making, add a savings mechanism, combine individual and collective investments and, finally, reserve funds for solidarity and climate issues.

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Uamusse, Miguel, Kamshat Tussupova, Kenneth Persson, and Ronny Berndtsson. "Mini-Grid Hydropower for Rural Electrification in Mozambique: Meeting Local Needs with Supply in a Nexus Approach." Water 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020305.

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UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 states that access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy should be provided for all by 2030. Mozambique is one of the poorest countries on earth but has abundant supply of energy resources. The electrification rate, however, has been slow. Rural electrification is hampered by lack of basic infrastructure, institutional barriers, and low ability and willingness to pay for energy services. Thus, there is a general gap between electricity supply and demand. In view of this, the present paper investigates supply and demand of electricity for a typical rural case study area in Mozambique. We suggest a nexus approach to improve water, energy, and food security initiated at a local level. Households in the investigated case study area can be connected to a mini-grid hydropower system that allows for energy production to 80–200 households. To increase the economic profitability of the mini-grid hydropower system we suggest including small-scale industry. For the studied rural village, this would be constituted by a small-scale factory for milling of corn and other cereals. Electricity produced can thus be used for food processing but also for pumping water supply to households for domestic use and small-scale irrigated farming lots. The results indicate that the villagers have a real payment capacity of between 8 and 19 USD per MWh of generated hydropower. Benefits of rural electrification are direct. It contributes to improved living conditions for households and provides better nexus security and sustainable development within healthcare, education, and small-scale business development.

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Sequeira, Ana Rita, Ryan Admiraal, Lário L. M. Herculano, Fraydson Conceição, Amélia Monguela, Mark P. McHenry, Halina T. Kobryn, and David Doepel. "Assessing the short-term outcomes of a piped water supply intervention in peri-urban Mozambique." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.158.

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Abstract We use data collected as part of a baseline survey in 2012 and a survey 5 months post-intervention in 2014 to assess the short-term outcomes of a water supply intervention in Ribáuè, Mozambique. This intervention included the rehabilitation and expansion of a piped water system, revitalization of water committees, and creation of and capacity building for small-scale private water enterprises. Quantitative results suggest that the intervention led to an immediate significant increase in the use of piped water supply at the expense of unprotected wells and other non-revenue generating forms of unimproved water supply with more than a 2.5-fold increase in the usage of yard taps and water kiosks/standpipes and a two-fold decrease in the use of unprotected wells. Family water consumption also increased by approximately 40 L/d, and the point-of-use treatment of water nearly tripled. Economic opportunities were generated for business and small enterprise owners due to the new water supply infrastructure, and piped water infrastructure had additional positive effects for both public and private sanitation facilities. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

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Chukuakadibia, Eresia-Eke, and Okerue Chijioke. "The nexus of social capital, coping ability and employment creation in African immigrant-owned small businesses." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 3 (August 22, 2018): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(3).2018.25.

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Immigrant entrepreneurship, like other facets of entrepreneurship, contributes towards a country’s productivity, partly through employment creation. However, the specific factors, in the form of social capital, that lend themselves to this employment creation potential, remain largely unknown. It is against this background that this study sought to determine if the variables of language proficiency and networking ability bear an association with the employment creation ability of African immigrant entrepreneurs.This quantitative study was executed from a positivism philosophical standpoint. Relying on the population of African immigrants in the small business sector in South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique, the non-probability sampling techniques of convenience and snowball sampling were used to identify 2,500 participants. Data were collected in a cross-sectional manner, with self-administered questionnaires and an effective 33% response rate was realized.Findings reveal a statistically significant relationship between language proficiency and employment creation, while that between networking ability and employment creation was not significant. Nonetheless, most of the studied African immigrant entrepreneurs across the countries agreed that language proficiency and networking ability have helped them cope with the rigors of operating their businesses. These findings signal the need for interventions for building language proficiency and networking ability for African immigrant entrepreneurs.

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Schweer Rayner, Cynthia, Camilla Thorogood, and Francois Bonnici. "VillageReach: innovating for improved health care at the “last mile”." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-10-2019-0262.

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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are to understand the definition of public value and the strategic drivers behind public value creation, understand the nature of social innovation in the public sector, identify the critical opportunities and challenges involved in sustaining innovation in the public sector and identify the role that non-profit organizations can play in supporting and sustaining social innovation. Case overview/synopsis This case puts participants in the shoes of a global health innovator’s leadership team as the organization approaches a funding crisis. The organization, VillageReach, is on a quest to expand across the public health system of Mozambique and experiences a funding dilemma. The case reveals the challenges of working with governments to achieve large-scale, systemic change. It explores the conundrum of using international donor funding to embed new practices in government service delivery. Ultimately, it asks participants to choose between the pursuit of new, small-scale innovative projects and the large-scale rollout of a national programme. Complexity academic level This teaching case is written for courses focused on social entrepreneurship, social innovation and social change. It can also be used in courses focused on non-profit management and public sector innovation. Specifically, the teaching case is suitable for two audiences: social enterprise and non-profit managers focused on strategy, development and operations (the case focuses on an enterprise that relies primarily on donor funding) and health-care managers and administrators. Generally, the case is suitable for undergraduates in their final year of study as well as graduate-level business and public administration courses, including MBA, MPH, MPA, EMBA and Executive Education courses. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

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Osano, Hezron Mogaka, and Hilario Languitone. "Factors influencing access to finance by SMEs in Mozambique: case of SMEs in Maputo central business district." Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 5, no. 1 (March 17, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13731-016-0041-0.

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St Leger Moss, Alexander, John Luiz, and Boyd Sarah. "First Capital Bank: The internationalisation of a Malawian bank into a regional player in Southern Africa." Case Writing Centre, University of Cape Town, Graduate School of Business, June 26, 2020, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caseuct-2020-000003.

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Subject area of the teaching case The subject area is international business and strategy. The case allows scope for the following areas: internationalisation, market strategy, emerging market multinational companies, and doing business in Africa. Student level The primary target audience for this teaching case is postgraduate business students such as Master of Business Administration (MBA), or postgraduate management programmes. The case is primarily designed for use in courses that cover strategy or international business. Brief overview of the teaching case This case centres on the international growth strategy of FMBcapital Holdings Group (FMB), the Malawian commercial banking firm. The case finds the founder and current group chairman, Hitesh Anadkat, in 2016, as he and the FMB board are about to decide on the next move in their Southern African strategy. Since opening the first FMB branch in Malawi and becoming the country's first commercial banker in 1995, Anadkat and his team have ridden a wave of financial deregulation across the region to successfully expand into neighbouring Botswana, Zambia, and Mozambique. Now, an opportunity to gain a foothold in Zimbabwe means the leaders must decide (1) whether they want to continue to grow the FMB footprint across the region, or focus on their integration and expansion efforts within existing markets; and (2) how they will realise this strategy. Expected learning outcomes International expansion – identifying the need to expand into new markets; identifying the combination of internal strengths and external conditions that make international expansion viable; and identifying and analysing each possible new market(s) and the decision-making process involved. Political, social and economic factors in Africa – understanding how these external institutional factors present constraints, risks and opportunities for internationalisation and hence shape strategy; understanding that these factors may vary significantly across countries on the continent (in spite of their geographic proximity) and in some cases, within a single country; and understanding that by selecting markets with extreme socially and politically volatile contexts, the risk of a worst-case scenario transpiring (in which institutional forces trump business strategy) is appreciable. Combination of resource- and institutional-based approaches – recognising that successful internationalisation requires capitalising upon both internal resources and institutional mastery. Choosing expansion strategies – assessing the type of new market entry (e.g. greenfield or acquisition of existing operations) and its adequacy for penetrating a new market. Using networks and local partners – to substitute and enhance the benefits that originally flow from a small (and sometime family-established) business, with an emphasis on acquisition of skills and networks in foreign countries. Regional integration – optimising business operations through a sharing or pooling of resources and improved capital flow between subsidiaries, in some instances by taking advantage of economies of scale (this extends to enhancing the reputation and awareness of a brand across a wider region). Family businesses – identifying the value that can be gained through establishing a family business with the support of many “close” stakeholders while also noting the limitation that exist as expansion and growth is required.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Small business – Mozambique – Maputo'

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