Relevant bibliographies by topics / Small-cell architecture

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Small-cell architecture'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Small-cell architecture"

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Ni, Wei, and Iain B. Collings. "A New Adaptive Small-Cell Architecture." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 31, no. 5 (2013): 829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2013.130502.

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Satturwar, Swati, and Liron Pantanowitz. "Architectural aspects of cell-blocks as small biopsies." Cytojournal 18 (March 4, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cytojournal_4_2021.

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Cell-block preparations have become an essential part of integrated cytology diagnosis. They are essentially microbiopsies that are formalin fixed and embedded in paraffin. This has become more prevalent with greater sample procurement due to the advent of newer biopsy techniques and needles. Cell-blocks allow retrieval of small tissue fragments from cytology specimens that sometimes cannot be processed by alternate cytologic techniques. They represent concentrated, cell-enriched preparations that provide cytologists with the opportunity to evaluate cellular architecture, as well as to perform ancillary testing. A cell-block compatible sample may thus obviate the need for a more invasive procedure such as a tissue biopsy. Microscopic examination of cell-blocks is quick, avoids obscuring material, permits cells to be evaluated in one focal plane, and allows the histologic architecture such as glandular differentiation, papillary formations, and sometimes invasion to be easily identified. This new era of “cytohistology” accordingly requires practicing cytologists to become more familiar with histopathology. This review article discusses the benefit of various architectural patterns identifiable in cell-blocks employed as an adjunct to Pap tests, exfoliative fluid specimens, and fine-needle aspirations.
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Kriegsmann, Mark, Christian Haag, Cleo-Aron Weis, et al. "Deep Learning for the Classification of Small-Cell and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer." Cancers 12, no. 6 (2020): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061604.

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Reliable entity subtyping is paramount for therapy stratification in lung cancer. Morphological evaluation remains the basis for entity subtyping and directs the application of additional methods such as immunohistochemistry (IHC). The decision of whether to perform IHC for subtyping is subjective, and access to IHC is not available worldwide. Thus, the application of additional methods to support morphological entity subtyping is desirable. Therefore, the ability of convolutional neuronal networks (CNNs) to classify the most common lung cancer subtypes, pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC), pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), was evaluated. A cohort of 80 ADC, 80 SqCC, 80 SCLC, and 30 skeletal muscle specimens was assembled; slides were scanned; tumor areas were annotated; image patches were extracted; and cases were randomly assigned to a training, validation or test set. Multiple CNN architectures (VGG16, InceptionV3, and InceptionResNetV2) were trained and optimized to classify the four entities. A quality control (QC) metric was established. An optimized InceptionV3 CNN architecture yielded the highest classification accuracy and was used for the classification of the test set. Image patch and patient-based CNN classification results were 95% and 100% in the test set after the application of strict QC. Misclassified cases mainly included ADC and SqCC. The QC metric identified cases that needed further IHC for definite entity subtyping. The study highlights the potential and limitations of CNN image classification models for tumor differentiation.
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Yu, Bo, Liuqing Yang, Hiroyuki Ishii, and Sayandev Mukherjee. "Dynamic TDD Support in Macrocell-Assisted Small Cell Architecture." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 33, no. 6 (2015): 1201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2015.2417013.

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Velez, Daniel O., Sural K. Ranamukhaarachchi, Aditya Kumar, et al. "3D collagen architecture regulates cell adhesion through degradability, thereby controlling metabolic and oxidative stress." Integrative Biology 11, no. 5 (2019): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intbio/zyz019.

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AbstractThe collagen-rich tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in directing the migration behavior of cancer cells. 3D collagen architectures with small pores have been shown to confine cells and induce aggressive collective migration, irrespective of matrix stiffness and density. However, it remains unclear how cells sense collagen architecture and transduce this information to initiate collective migration. Here, we tune collagen architecture and analyze its effect on four core cell-ECM interactions: cytoskeletal polymerization, adhesion, contractility, and matrix degradation. From this comprehensive analysis, we deduce that matrix architecture initially modulates cancer cell adhesion strength, and that this results from architecture-induced changes to matrix degradability. That is, architectures with smaller pores are less degradable, and degradability is required for cancer cell adhesion to 3D fibrilar collagen. The biochemical consequences of this 3D low-attachment state are similar to those induced by suspension culture, including metabolic and oxidative stress. One distinction from suspension culture is the induction of collagen catabolism that occurs in 3D low-attachment conditions. Cells also upregulate Snail1 and Notch signaling in response to 3D low-attachment, which suggests a mechanism for the emergence of collective behaviors.
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Rong, Bo, Mehrdad Dianati, Liang Zhou, George K. Karagiannidis, and Chenwei Wang. "5G MmWave Small Cell Networks: Architecture, Self-Organization, and Management." IEEE Wireless Communications 25, no. 4 (2018): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2018.8454519.

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Nkenyereye, Lionel, Ramavath Prasad Naik, Jong-Wook Jang, and Wan-Young Chung. "Software-Defined Small Cell-Linked Vehicular Networks: Architecture and Evaluation." Electronics 12, no. 2 (2023): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020304.

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Vehicle-to-everything services are in the implementation phase, and automakers agree that V2X would improve the safety-critical applications already deployed. 3GPP Release 12 introduces LTE-V for V2V and V2I services. The LTE-V is extended to C-V2X to support V2N. Because of the challenge of high mobility in the V2X system, cutting-edge technologies, such as SDN and small cell in 5G networks, pave the way to the next generation of vehicular networks. SDN is a network technology concept that divides the data and control planes. The OpenFlow protocol is used for communication between the control layer and the network layer in SDN. Different from wireless traditional cellular base stations, small cells are lower-power cell sites that are deployed every few blocks. Small cells can transmit data using mid- and high-band spectrums. Small cell-linked road side unit (RSU) is considered a key enabling technology because it has the capability to create a logical cluster platform residing at the edge of the network, which provides high computation performance. Accordingly, we consider a novel distributed software-defined small cell-linked road side unit vehicular network architecture (diSRsVN). Based on diSRsVN, logical software-defined on-board wireless vehicle, and topology discovery over diSRsVN are presented. The proposed architecture is evaluated under an omnet++ network simulator. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, which improves the packet delivery ratio and minimizes end-to-end delay.
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Qian, Li Ping, Yuan Wu, Haibo Zhou, and Xuemin Shen. "Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Vehicular Small Cell Networks: Architecture and Solution." IEEE Network 31, no. 4 (2017): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2017.1600278.

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Kryvenko, Oleksandr N. "Small Cell-like Change in Central Zone Histology—A New Observation Mimicking Cribriform Intraductal Prostatic Adenocarcinoma." International Journal of Surgical Pathology 29, no. 6 (2021): 635–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10668969211003966.

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A small cell-like change in prostate has been described in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), intraductal prostatic adenocarcinoma, and invasive prostate cancer. It occurs when these processes have a cribriform architecture. To date, small cell-like change has not been described in benign glands. Herein, I describe such a change in cribriform central zone histology from a radical prostatectomy with a spatially remote treatment naïve Grade Group 3 prostate cancer. The cancer did not have cribriform morphology or intraductal prostatic adenocarcinoma. The small cell-like change was positive for racemase in PIN-4 cocktail and no nuclei were highlighted by Ki-67. This is the first report of a small cell-like change in benign prostate tissue. Although rare, such finding in cribriform architecture of central zone histology can potentially be misinterpreted as a neoplastic process.
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Yu, Bo, Liuqing Yang, and Hiroyuki Ishii. "Load Balancing With 3-D Beamforming in Macro-Assisted Small Cell Architecture." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 15, no. 8 (2016): 5626–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2016.2563430.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Small-cell architecture"

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Ramanath, Sreenath. "Cell design and resource allocation for small cell networks." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00745594.

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An ever increasing demand for mobile broadband applications and services is leading to a massive network densification. The current cellular system architectures are both economically and ecologically limited to handle this. The concept of small-cell networks (SCNs) based on the idea of dense deployment of self-organizing; low-cost, low-power base station (BSs) is a promising alternative. Although SCNs have the potential to significantly increase the capacity and coverage of cellular networks while reducing their energy consumption, they pose many new challenges to the optimal system design. Due to small cell sizes, the mobile users cross over many cells during the course of their service resulting in frequent handovers. Also, due to proximity of BSs, users (especially those at cell edges) experience a higher degree of interference from neighboring BSs. If one has to derive advantages from SCNs, these alleviated effects have to be taken care either by compromising on some aspects of optimality (like dedicating extra resources) or by innovating smarter algorithms or by a combination of the two. The concept of umbrella cells is introduced to take care of frequent handovers. Here extra resources are dedicated to ensure that the calls are not dropped within an umbrella cell. To manage interference, one might have to ensure that the neighboring cells always operate in independent channels or design algorithms which work well in interference dominant scenarios or use the backhaul to incorporate BS cooperation techniques. Further, small cell BS are most often battery operated, which calls for efficient power utilization and energy conservation techniques. Also, when deployed in urban areas, some of the small cells can have larger concentration of users throughout the cell, for example, hot-spots, which call in for design of SCNs with dense users. Also, with portable BSs, one has the choice to install them on street infrastructure or within residential complexes. In such cases, cell design and resource allocation has to consider aspects like user density, distribution (indoor/outdoor), mobility, attenuation, etc. We present the thesis in two parts. In the first part we study the cell design aspects, while the second part deals with the resource allocation. While the focus is on SCNs, some of the results derived and the tools and techniques used are also applicable to conventional cellular systems.
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Lin, Chien-Yu, and 林建宇. "The Study of Multi-DSP Architecture for LTE Small Cell." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34r584.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>資訊科學與工程研究所<br>105<br>There are many base stations still exist in modern times. The distance between base station must not be close because it would cause some area have bad reception by interfering. Bad reception will also happened in the basement or shadowing. The problem described above can be solved by Small Cell. Small Cell are not only increase coverage but also share the flow with base stations, and the cost of power and set up are very low, so we can set up some Small Cell at the place where have huge number of users, like stations, office building, downtown etc. This paper shows the implementations of Single-Core Small Cell and Dual-Core Small Cell and it would pass the stress test in 5Mhz bandwidth of LTE. In the architecture of Dual-Core, we verify the control and data transfer between two DSP and bus extension test in a frame. We prove the architecture of Dual-Core can be scale-up. We can extend 16 DSP and 16 hardware accelerator by not increasing the number of bus. If we increase the number of bus, we can extend more DSP and hardware accelerator. We test the performance of our platform in 20Mhz bandwidth of LTE which contains the maximum number of data in a subframe. The Uplink flow and Downlink flow of our implementation can be done in one millisecond which is the time limit of a subframe in LTE standards.
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Books on the topic "Small-cell architecture"

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Ngo, Duy Trong, and Tho Le-Ngoc. Architectures of Small-Cell Networks and Interference Management. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04822-2.

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Architectures of Small-Cell Networks and Interference Management. Springer, 2014.

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Ngo, Duy Trong, and Tho Le-Ngoc. Architectures of Small-Cell Networks and Interference Management. Springer London, Limited, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Small-cell architecture"

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Wu, Chia-Lun, Tsung-Tao Lu, Bau-Lin Chen, et al. "Evolution toward coordinated multipoint architecture in small cell enhancement system operation scenarios for LTE-A technologies." In System Innovation for a Troubled World. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003377399-34.

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Islam, Mahfuzul, and Hidetoshi Onodera. "Monitor Circuits for Cross-Layer Resiliency." In Dependable Embedded Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52017-5_16.

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AbstractCross-layer resiliency has become a critical deciding factor for any successful product. This chapter focuses on monitor circuits that are essential in realizing the cross-layer resiliency. The role of monitor circuits is to establish a bridge between the hardware and other layers by providing information about the devices and the operating environment in run-time. This chapter explores delay-based monitor circuits for design automation with the existing cell-based design methodology. The chapter discusses several design techniques to monitor parameters of threshold voltage, temperature, leakage current, critical delay, and aging. The chapter then demonstrates a reconfigurable architecture to monitor multiple parameters with small area footprint. Finally, an extraction methodology of physical parameters is discussed for model-hardware correlation. Utilizing the cell-based design flow, delay-based monitors can be placed inside the target digital circuit and thus a better correlation between monitor and target circuit behavior can be realized.
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Ngo, Duy Trong, and Tho Le-Ngoc. "Dense Small-Cell Networks: Motivations and Issues." In Architectures of Small-Cell Networks and Interference Management. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04822-2_1.

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Ngo, Duy Trong, and Tho Le-Ngoc. "Architectures and Interference Management for Small-Cell Networks." In Architectures of Small-Cell Networks and Interference Management. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04822-2_2.

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Ngo, Duy Trong, and Tho Le-Ngoc. "Distributed Interference Management in Heterogeneous CDMA Small-Cell Networks." In Architectures of Small-Cell Networks and Interference Management. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04822-2_3.

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Ngo, Duy Trong, and Tho Le-Ngoc. "Distributed Pareto-Optimal Power Control for Utility Maximization in Heterogeneous CDMA Small-Cell Networks." In Architectures of Small-Cell Networks and Interference Management. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04822-2_4.

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Ngo, Duy Trong, and Tho Le-Ngoc. "Joint Power and Subchannel Allocation in Heterogeneous OFDMA Small-Cell Networks." In Architectures of Small-Cell Networks and Interference Management. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04822-2_5.

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Ngo, Duy Trong, and Tho Le-Ngoc. "Distributed Resource Allocation in OFDMA Cognitive Small-Cell Networks with Spectrum-Sharing Constraints." In Architectures of Small-Cell Networks and Interference Management. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04822-2_6.

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Rüttgers, Mario, Seong-Ryong Koh, Jenia Jitsev, Wolfgang Schröder, and Andreas Lintermann. "Prediction of Acoustic Fields Using a Lattice-Boltzmann Method and Deep Learning." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59851-8_6.

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Abstract Using traditional computational fluid dynamics and aeroacoustics methods, the accurate simulation of aeroacoustic sources requires high compute resources to resolve all necessary physical phenomena. In contrast, once trained, artificial neural networks such as deep encoder-decoder convolutional networks allow to predict aeroacoustics at lower cost and, depending on the quality of the employed network, also at high accuracy. The architecture for such a neural network is developed to predict the sound pressure level in a 2D square domain. It is trained by numerical results from up to 20,000 GPU-based lattice-Boltzmann simulations that include randomly distributed rectangular and circular objects, and monopole sources. Types of boundary conditions, the monopole locations, and cell distances for objects and monopoles serve as input to the network. Parameters are studied to tune the predictions and to increase their accuracy. The complexity of the setup is successively increased along three cases and the impact of the number of feature maps, the type of loss function, and the number of training data on the prediction accuracy is investigated. An optimal choice of the parameters leads to network-predicted results that are in good agreement with the simulated findings. This is corroborated by negligible differences of the sound pressure level between the simulated and the network-predicted results along characteristic lines and by small mean errors.
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Jayanth, K. O. L. N., G. Veerapandu, Sridevi Gamini, and Y. Yamini Devi. "Cloud Enabled Architecture of 5-G Small Cell Network." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde221278.

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5G technology will allow communication networks to manage a wider range of network services from a wider range of locations, making them more adaptable. It also provides an overview of the 5G-ESSENCE project and a small cell design for 5G networks that was created as a result of the initiative. Cloud computing on the edge and small cells as a service are at the core of this system. Researchers explore how to convert their proposed architecture for 5G radio resource management and how to slice the network based on that architecture in this paper. This research also looks at many aspects of 5G technology, such as radio links, multi-RAT, and so on. Radio access networks (RANs) can be improved via network function virtualization, as well (NFV). A public safety use case’s improvement in defined key performance criteria is then evaluated. Finally, the performance of a 5G network capable of supporting an increase in the number of multicast multimedia broadcast services will be evaluated.
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Conference papers on the topic "Small-cell architecture"

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Shi, Yi, Mingchao Li, Xin Xiong, Guanglin Han, and Xiaodai Dong. "A flexible backhaul architecture for small cell networks." In 2014 IEEE 25th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2014.7136438.

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Malila, Bessie, Tinashe Mutsvangwa, and Tania Douglas. "Architecture of a village small cell network for mobile health." In 2018 3rd Biennial South African Biomedical Engineering Conference (SAIBMEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saibmec.2018.8363172.

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Liu, Chun-Nan. "Trend, technology and architecture of small cell in 5G era." In 2016 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Application (VLSI-TSA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-tsa.2016.7480474.

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Liu, Chun-Nan. "Trend, technology and architecture of small cell in 5G era." In 2016 International Symposium on VLSI Design, Automation and Test (VLSI-DAT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-dat.2016.7482587.

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Yu, Bo, Liuqing Yang, and Hiroyuki Ishii. "3D beamforming for capacity improvement in macrocell-assisted small cell architecture." In GLOBECOM 2014 - 2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2014.7037571.

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Nidhi and Albena Mihovska. "Small Cell Deployment Challenges in Ultradense Networks: Architecture and Resource Management." In 2020 12th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csndsp49049.2020.9249560.

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Alvarez, Jorge Alejandro May, Francisco Paz, Ignacio Galiano Zurbriggen, and Martin Ordonez. "Optimization-Based Design of Power Architecture for 5G Small Cell Base Stations." In 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce44975.2020.9236405.

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Saha, Rony Kumer. "Exploiting In-building Small Cell Architecture for Realizing Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Techniques." In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dyspan.2019.8935772.

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He, Gaoning, Shunqing Zhang, Yan Chen, and Shugong Xu. "Architecture design and performance evaluation for future green small cell wireless networks." In 2013 ICC - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2013.6649415.

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Wang, Xiaoyi, Bishwarup Mondal, Eugene Visotsky, and Amitava Ghosh. "Coordinated scheduling and network architecture for LTE Macro and small cell deployments." In ICC'14 - W14: Workshop on Energy Efficiency in Wireless Networks & Wireless Networks for Energy Efficiency (E2Nets). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2014.6881265.

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Reports on the topic "Small-cell architecture"

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Barg, Rivka, Erich Grotewold, and Yechiam Salts. Regulation of Tomato Fruit Development by Interacting MYB Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592647.bard.

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Background to the topic: Early tomato fruit development is executed via extensive cell divisions followed by cell expansion concomitantly with endoreduplication. The signals involved in activating the different modes of growth during fruit development are still inadequately understood. Addressing this developmental process, we identified SlFSM1 as a gene expressed specifically during the cell-division dependent stages of fruit development. SlFSM1 is the founder of a class of small plant specific proteins containing a divergent SANT/MYB domain (Barg et al 2005). Before initiating this project, we found that low ectopic over-expression (OEX) of SlFSM1 leads to a significant decrease in the final size of the cells in mature leaves and fruits, and the outer pericarp is substantially narrower, suggesting a role in determining cell size and shape. We also found the interacting partners of the Arabidopsis homologs of FSM1 (two, belonging to the same family), and cloned their tomato single homolog, which we named SlFSB1 (Fruit SANT/MYB–Binding1). SlFSB1 is a novel plant specific single MYB-like protein, which function was unknown. The present project aimed at elucidating the function and mode of action of these two single MYB proteins in regulating tomato fruit development. The specific objectives were: 1. Functional analysis of SlFSM1 and its interacting protein SlFSB1 in relation to fruit development. 2. Identification of the SlFSM1 and/or SlFSB1 cellular targets. The plan of work included: 1) Detailed phenotypic, histological and cellular analyses of plants ectopically expressing FSM1, and plants either ectopically over-expressing or silenced for FSB1. 2) Extensive SELEX analysis, which did not reveal any specific DNA target of SlFSM1 binding, hence the originally offered ChIP analysis was omitted. 3) Genome-wide transcriptional impact of gain- and loss- of SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 function by Affymetrix microarray analyses. This part is still in progress and therefore results are not reported, 4) Search for additional candidate partners of SlFSB1 revealed SlMYBI to be an alternative partner of FSB1, and 5) Study of the physical basis of the interaction between SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 and between FSB1 and MYBI. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We established that FSM1 negatively affects cell expansion, particularly of those cells with the highest potential to expand, such as the ones residing inner to the vascular bundles in the fruit pericarp. On the other hand, FSB1 which is expressed throughout fruit development acts as a positive regulator of cell expansion. It was also established that besides interacting with FSM1, FSB1 interacts also with the transcription factor MYBI, and that the formation of the FSB1-MYBI complex is competed by FSM1, which recognizes in FSB1 the same region as MYBI does. Based on these findings a model was developed explaining the role of this novel network of the three different MYB containing proteins FSM1/FSB1/MYBI in the control of tomato cell expansion, particularly during fruit development. In short, during early stages of fruit development (Phase II), the formation of the FSM1-FSB1 complex serves to restrict the expansion of the cells with the greatest expansion potential, those non-dividing cells residing in the inner mesocarp layers of the pericarp. Alternatively, during growth phase III, after transcription of FSM1 sharply declines, FSB1, possibly through complexing with the transcription factor MYBI serves as a positive regulator of the differential cell expansion which drives fruit enlargement during this phase. Additionally, a novel mechanism was revealed by which competing MYB-MYB interactions could participate in the control of gene expression. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The demonstrated role of the FSM1/FSB1/MYBI complex in controlling differential cell growth in the developing tomato fruit highlights potential exploitations of these genes for improving fruit quality characteristics. Modulation of expression of these genes or their paralogs in other organs could serve to modify leaf and canopy architecture in various crops.
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LaBonte, Don, Etan Pressman, Nurit Firon, and Arthur Villordon. Molecular and Anatomical Characterization of Sweetpotato Storage Root Formation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592648.bard.

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Original objectives: Anatomical study of storage root initiation and formation. Induction of storage root formation. Isolation and characterization of genes involved in storage root formation. During the normal course of storage root development. Following stress-induced storage root formation. Background:Sweetpotato is a high value vegetable crop in Israel and the U.S. and acreage is expanding in both countries and the research herein represents an important backstop to improving quality, consistency, and yield. This research has two broad objectives, both relating to sweetpotato storage root formation. The first objective is to understand storage root inductive conditions and describe the anatomical and physiological stages of storage root development. Sweetpotato is propagated through vine cuttings. These vine cuttings form adventitious roots, from pre-formed primordiae, at each node underground and it is these small adventitious roots which serve as initials for storage and fibrous (non-storage) “feeder” roots. What perplexes producers is the tremendous variability in storage roots produced from plant to plant. The marketable root number may vary from none to five per plant. What has intrigued us is the dearth of research on sweetpotato during the early growth period which we hypothesize has a tremendous impact on ultimate consistency and yield. The second objective is to identify genes that change the root physiology towards either a fleshy storage root or a fibrous “feeder” root. Understanding which genes affect the ultimate outcome is central to our research. Major conclusions: For objective one, we have determined that the majority of adventitious roots that are initiated within 5-7 days after transplanting possess the anatomical features associated with storage root initiation and account for 86 % of storage root count at 65 days after transplanting. These data underscore the importance of optimizing the growing environment during the critical storage root initiation period. Water deprivation during this phenological stage led to substantial reduction in storage root number and yield as determined through growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments. Morphological characterization of adventitious roots showed adjustments in root system architecture, expressed as lateral root count and density, in response to water deprivation. For objective two, we generated a transcriptome of storage and lignified (non-storage) adventitious roots. This transcriptome database consists of 55,296 contigs and contains data as regards to differential expression between initiating and lignified adventitious roots. The molecular data provide evidence that a key regulatory mechanism in storage root initiation involves the switch between lignin biosynthesis and cell division and starch accumulation. We extended this research to identify genes upregulated in adventitious roots under drought stress. A subset of these genes was expressed in salt stressed plants.
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