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Gayley, Rebekah J. "A radical proposal policy and design to create smaller, smarter cities in the United States /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 153 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1619624151&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Belitski, Maksim. "Essays on macroeconomics, self-employment and small business in cities." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9694.
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The first essay studies the effects of exogenous and endogenous shocks on output sustainability in Central Eastern Europe and Russia during the 2000s. It expands traditional vector autoregressive model to a multi-country model that relates bank real lending, the cyclical component of output and spreads and accounts for cross-sectional dependence across the countries. Impulse response functions show that exogenous positive shock lead to a drop in output sustainability for nine over twelve Central Eastern European countries, when the endogenous shock is mild and ambiguous. Moreover the effect of the exogenous shock is more significant in the aftermath the crises. The second essay investigates variation in entrepreneurial activity, as proxied by the rate of self-employment, across 374 European cities during the period of 1989-2010. While controlling for various spillover effects across cities we find that the rate of self-employment is largely explained by the level of education, urbanisation economies, institutional environment and industrial structure of a city. Self-employment rates are higher in agriculture and fishing industry; trade, hotels and restaurants industry; meanwhile mining, manufacturing and energy sector with higher positive effect of scale abandon self-employment. At the same time a U-shaped relationship per resident income determines existence of both necessity driven and genuine self-employment. The third essay explains variation in entrepreneurship across cities of Commonwealth of Independent States during 1995-2008, utilizing a unique database and employing dynamic panel data analysis. The findings suggest that banking reform facilitates entrepreneurship, whereas the size of the state discourages it. A U-shaped relationship between per capita income and entrepreneurship is confirmed. It‘s established that a city with a higher concentration of universities is likely to have higher entrepreneurial entry that provides some evidence for the importance of agglomeration economies in terms of knowledge concentration which leads to intensified exchange of ideas and drive knowledge-based entrepreneurship.
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Suri, Sagarika. "Decentralizing urbanization : harnessing the potential of small cities in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65747.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-117).
Perceived as symbols of national development or degeneration, megacities continue to dominate discourse and action related to urbanization, particularly in developing countries like India. Simultaneously, a large portion of urbanized space continues to be described by small and medium sized cities residing in between the rural hinterland and hyper urbanism. These cities are characterized by an intermediate and decentralized form of urbanism, often haphazard and contrasting substantially with their larger counterparts and smaller villages. Because of their size and location, small cities form a vital link within the hierarchy of settlements and are important for the diffusion of development, technology, knowledge and migration between the rural and the urban. Economic liberalization in India has been fostering new social and political mindsets which have translated into policy, governance, investment and concomitantly, urbanization strategies. An important physical manifestation is the spawning of large scale regional and national infrastructure projects-ambitious mega highways, waterways, special investment zones and industrial corridors which transect the hinterland, surround and pass through urban agglomerations and encounter many small cities along the way. Seen as catalysts of transformation befitting an emerging 'superpower', these endeavors are predicted to have contrasting effects ranging from increased connectivity, economic opportunities and growth to loss of quality of life, environmental pollution and social inequality. Regardless of the nature of consequences, small cities are set to be affected in unprecedented ways. The thesis reassesses the potential and future of small cities within this scenario and proposes strategies which utilize the proximity of large infrastructure projects to spawn interventions based on the specific conditions of the city. The historic city of Navsari, Gujarat, located along the western rail corridor and the proposed Delhi Mumbai Industrial corridor (DMIC) has been studied in greater detail to understand the effects of the mega scheme and propose interventions for a sustainable future for the city.
by Sagarika Suri.
S.M.
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Andersson, Ida. "Geographies of Place Branding : Researching through small and medium sized cities." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115638.
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Place branding is commonly conceptualized with a focus on big cities, such as London, New York and Singapore, building from concepts and models from mainstream branding theory. In contrast to such conceptualizations, this thesis focuses on place branding in small and medium-sized cities. The present thesis aims to study place branding from a geographical perspective. It starts with debates theoretical and empirical understandings of place branding; what it is and how it is affecting the places where it is introduced. The thesis develops and argues for a perspective of territoriality and relationality to place branding discussing concepts, methods and empirical approaches to carry out place branding research using geographical perspectives. Empirically, this thesis focuses on in-depth studies of place branding in small and medium-sized cities in Sweden. By analyzing the development of place branding over the course of time, nuances and aspects of both territorial and relational origin emerge, situating place branding practices within a wider spatial contextualization. Four individual papers are presented, which taken together contribute to the aim of the thesis. Paper 1 introduces the place branding research field in geography and how it has developed; Paper 2 investigates the phenomena of flagship buildings located in small cities and towns; Paper 3 discusses the relationship between policy tourism and place branding; and Paper 4 analyzes how local environmental policies are affected by green place branding. The thesis demonstrates the complex and continuously interchangeable spatial structures and place contexts that create and re-produce the geographies of place branding. Here, research models and methodological examples are presented to illustrate how place branding can be studied from a geographical perspective and thus improve theoretical understandings of place branding.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
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Aponte-Gonzalez, Felix Ivan. "Concerning Caribbean climate change vulnerabilities and adaptation in small island cities." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/concerning-caribbean-climate-change-vulnerabilities-and-adaptation-in-small-island-cities(f9bc2ea2-8fc7-4d91-8577-87fa88b8db12).html.
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Climate change poses one of the biggest challenges that most countries have to face over the coming decades. The transformations in our global weather patterns are expected to bring some very adverse effects for most of the island nations that comprise the Caribbean region. These nations have been continuously identified as one of the territorial groups that are most vulnerable to climate change, while the region barely contributes to the main triggers of these changes. Caribbean island nations have many elements that hinder their individual and regional development. Climate change will aggravate those conditions while bringing new challenges to these territories, particularly in the capital cities, as these urban areas serve are the main economic, social, political and cultural centres of these nations. A good understanding of the vulnerabilities of these cities will become a critical factor for developing good adaptation measures for their respective nations. Planning can prove useful for implementing climate change adaptation strategies, particularly for cities. This research provides three main contributions to the literature on climate change and on urban planning studies. First, it expands the discussion upon the linkages between disaster risk reduction experiences and climate change adaptation practices. Second, it highlights the relevance of capital cities for evaluating climate change impacts and adaptation actions for small island territories. The third contribution is the creation of a planning tool to assess climate change vulnerabilities of Caribbean cities. These three elements will further expand the existing knowledge base related to climate change adaptation and urban planning disciplines, particularly pertaining to the Caribbean region. Caribbean cities will greatly benefit from a planning perspective that can guide their development processes in the face of climate impacts. By means of vulnerability assessments it is possible to facilitate the analysis of climate change impacts and outcomes on vulnerable areas and planners can contribute to this aspect. A planning support tool was created to aid in the development of a vulnerability assessment for small island cities in the region - the Caribbean Climate change Urban Vulnerability Index (CCUVI). Using the CCUVI, a vulnerability assessment methodology was developed, using the city of San Juan (Puerto Rico) as a case study. The results of the vulnerability assessment helped identify five different areas within the case study city that are prone to be more affected by climate change impacts. The assessment also analysed how the vulnerability conditions in these areas and in the city changed through time, exploring two distinct scenario storylines for San Juan towards 2050. A series of normative and operational recommendations emerged from the assessment process that will help planners and policymakers engage in adaptation actions to reduce the climate vulnerabilities of Caribbean small island capital cities.
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Rönnqvist, Patrik. "INTEGRATION OF SMALL-SCALE URBAN FARMING IN PUBLIC SPACES OF WINTER CITIES." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-67460.
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With an increasing urbanization and decreasing food security, the policy places greater demands on the future use of agricultural land and food supply. At the same time as awareness of food consumption increases among individuals, new technologies for farming also develop. The following degree project aims at carrying out a pilot study for further concept development for small-scale urban farming in winter cities. Based on a literature study and inspiration from reference objects, opportunities for continued conceptual development are analysed. These technical aspects together with a study of how public spaces, can or cannot, be used according to the case study’s municipality policy for usage of public space. And these aspects then lay the foundation for an initial concept and design proposal aimed at pointing out the possibilities of the concept. This initial concept is also the basis for a rough estimate of productivity with such urban cultivation tools. The conceptual urban farming tool devised here, is intended to not be taking more attention than necessary and portable. This is to make as little physical and visual impact in the city as possible, and to be adaptable to different places. However, there has been a lack of space for urban farming in the case study's municipal policy, for usage of public spaces. This has meant that the design proposal could not be anchored in accordance with the guidelines the municipality wishes for the use of public spaces. There are documented guidelines for similar use, and the design proposal has been assumed to fit in the policy of using the public space. The tool that has been developed consists of two containers, one of which is intended to work as a working area for harvesting and the other for cultivating. The hydroponic installation chosen in this work has been developed by Bright Agrotech. These installations are called Zipfarm and Zipwall, and are vertical cultivations which by drip irrigation bring nutrients to the plants. These towers that hold the plants during the cultivation period are mounted either in a portable rack or against a wall-based rack. This vertical cultivation method was chosen in this work because of the mobility. With the help of a tool to estimate production that Bright Agrotech provided and technical specifications for the grow lights used in the concept, a rough estimate of the operating cost of 13kr per kilo, to produce leafy green crops, has been calculated. This figure is based solely on the estimated amount of harvest and an estimate of the electricity consumption of the grow lights. The conclusion in this work, is that it is possible to integrate urban agriculture in winter cities with the aid of containers and hydroponic installations. What can be an incentive to not do this today is that electricity consumption can be too expensive, and that it is cheaper to cultivate in other places and transport the food in to the city.
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Panneerselvam, A. "Role of small towns and intermediate cities in regional development in India." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388736.
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Beam, Jeffrey (Jeffrey J. ). "Holistic revitalization in small post-industrial cities : tools for urban housing development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58661.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, Center for Real Estate, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-83).
For generations, housing programs have sought to utilize redevelopment projects to accomplish broader community revitalization goals. Contemporary affordable housing practice embodies this idea in large housing development projects, often funded through government programs such as HOPE VI. This "Conventional" revitalization is primarily based on experiences within the distressed housing projects of large cites, on the false premise that the impacts of redevelopment will be the same in a small post-industrial city as in a large, economically diverse one. Housing developers entering the context of a small post-industrial city must reconsider this idea. They must understand an idea of "holistic" housing revitalization that leverages the development process to make positive economic, physical, and psychological impacts that specifically address the specific challenges in these cities, such low civic capacity, poverty, low governing capacity, large immigrant populations, and an abundance of vacant properties. Fortunately these places possess inherent assets, such as walkable scale, historic architecture and cultural institutions, that present unique opportunities which position them to lead a national economic recovery through sustainable building projects. This report focuses on three cases of current, innovative housing development: * An industrial mill conversion that creates a new mixed use neighborhood in Lawrence, Massachusetts; * An adaptive reuse of a prominent hotel in Flint, Michigan that has sat vacant for 30 years into new downtown student housing; and * A new apartment community for single-parent, full-time students in Owensboro, Kentucky.
(cont.) Against the background of the broader evolution of holistic housing development, the cases directly address the unique challenges of small cities. Comparing the cases and their formative partnerships, concepts and strategies yields a wide range of data to support an idea of Holistic revitalization in these places. The primary data include over twenty hours of interviews with project proponents and stakeholders, as well as development proposals, zoning opinions, financing applications, consultant reports and local press coverage. Together, they provide a detailed view of Holistic revitalization and the tools of its implementation in small post-industrial cities.
by Jeffrey Beam.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
M.C.P.
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Ntinda, Henock Mankavu. "Operational upgrades to improve traffic flow in Small Middleweight Cities: Windhoek, Namibia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16964.
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The study of the improvements to transport controlling facilities, defined in this dissertation as operational transport upgrades, aims to ascertain its influence on a growing urban traffic demand. This dissertation assesses the influence that the conversion of Werner List Street into a one-way street has on the performance of traffic accommodation. Werner List Street links traffic commuting from the south to the north of Windhoek's Central Business District (CBD). The CBD traffic demand is estimated to breach network capacity by 2015, a scenario prevalent in many small middleweight cities. The research conducted a literature review on aspects related to the development and implementation of operational upgrades; thereby gaining an understanding on the relevance that such improvements have on small middleweight cities. Studied literature suggests that with the reduction in the allocation of funds to develop transport systems, transport authorities resort to innovative methods of improving transport network utilising minimal capital expenditure. The limited funding is prevalent in small middleweight cities due to the current lack of major traffic impediment. The research studied aspects of Windhoek's activity system, as presented in the city's Household Survey of 2004 that primarily focused on the income status, transport mode use and transport mode preference. The origin of trips would assist in determining the direction, in relation to Windhoek's CBD, peak traffic commutes.
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Blankenship, Amy Renee. "Small town urban revitalization : the effect of Pullman Square on Downtown Huntington West Virginia /." [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2008. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=883.
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Mallory, Adrian. "Designing sustainable faecal sludge treatment systems for small cities in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33039.
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More than 80 per cent of wastewater from human activities is discharged into the rivers or sea without any pollution removal, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to halve this proportion and increase recycling and reuse globally by 2030. Treatment plants in Sub-Saharan Africa often fail due to lack of operating funds, poor regulation and poor design that does not take into account human factors. The failure of treatment plants can also be put down partly to the funding structures for management, which are often dependent on the disposal tariffs charged. Without sufficient regulation and enforcement, which is often lacking in Sub-Saharan Africa, this often leads to illegal disposal of faecal sludge. Due to the nutrient content and energy potential of wastewater, there is increasing focus on reuse of faecal sludge in ways that can contribute funds for maintenance and incentivise good management of treatment facilities. This research investigates potential designs for the re-use of faecal sludge in small cities in Sub-Saharan Africa to ensure proper treatment. Conducting two case studies using qualitative and quantitative methods, the research looks at the potential for re-use to be scaled up in Sunyani, Ghana and Mzuzu, Malawi, and whether different designs can ensure good management. Building upon the research investigation into how previous designs have failed in case studies, the research also investigates the use of agent-based modelling (ABM) as a modelling approach to explore social and technical aspects of sanitation systems to predict how different designs and management approaches can work. In Sunyani, biogas was the most acceptable option to customers whilst also providing a good business model to fund faecal sludge treatment, either as a decentralised system at public toilets where the fresh sludge is better for biogas production, or centrally at the existing disposal site. The success of biogas as a model that can fund maintenance and ensure good management would depend on the faecal sludge quality of public toilet sludge in the city and the investment level required and how any operating approach would work between the government and private sector. In Mzuzu, two main approaches to faecal sludge re-use exist currently: the implementation of Skyloos as above ground household toilets which provide compost, and a central disposal site from which compost is illegally harvested. At disposal, farmers remove sludge from the ponds and apply it untreated directly onto agricultural land. At times, private sector emptying services do not use the ponds, but also apply untreated sludge to agricultural land. Skyloos were found to have varying levels of success from different Non- Governmental Organisation (NGO) projects, with key sustainability issues being the availability of financing mechanisms, management between landlords and tenants and the trust of and engagement with implementing organisations. Existing approaches to waste management and re-use were found to be inaccessible and not working when implemented for the poorest and people with disabilities. Adopting re-use of faecal sludge in agriculture in Malawi would require improved marketing of sanitation options, financing options for households to incentivize adopting the technology, not targeting to poorest households and people with disabilities, and an improved management model for the treatment site to ensure safe disposal and production of compost. Looking at ABM as a way of modelling faecal sludge treatment systems in Sub- Saharan Africa, two models of different approaches in Mzuzu were developed to look at scaling up Skyloo toilets and managing the treatment plant. Both models demonstrate the potential of ABM to incorporate social and technical aspects into predicting the performance of different designs and approaches. The success and use of modelling depends on the quality of data that can be collected before implementing system approaches. Overall the thesis presents different models of treatment and re-use that can work and contribute to operating and maintenance of systems. It is unlikely that any design system will be so profitable that the treatment and re-use of sludge will be able to ensure good management without regulation, so the success of designs depends on relationships between the government and private sector and households in small cities.
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Millspaugh, Gary F. "Use of the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act by two small cities." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1991. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Li, Ang. "Comprehensive Legible Cityscape Plan for Downtown Wilmington." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428064996.
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Sharman, Zena Catherine. "The recruitment and retention of community health workers in small cities, towns, and rural communities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25102.
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This study focused on the recruitment and retention of community health workers (CHWs) who work outside of large urban centres in small cities, towns, and rural communities in Canada. The study had three objectives: (1) to describe what CHWs working in small cities, towns, and rural communities have to say about their jobs, their working conditions, and their roles within the health care system; (2) to investigate these CHWs’ experiences of, and motivations for, pursuing a career in the home support sector; and (3) to develop recommendations to inform the design of policies and programs for the recruitment and retention of CHWs in small cities, towns, and rural communities. The study employed a qualitative research design informed by a feminist approach to health services research aimed at fostering “bottom-up” policy development informed by the perspectives of marginalized health care workers. The research process was carried out in partnership with a regional health authority in British Columbia, Canada. Data collection took place in four Vancouver Island communities: Campbell River, Parksville, Port Alberni and Port Hardy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 participants across the four study communities. The majority of the participants (n = 17) were unionized CHWs. The other respondents included nurses, managers, team leaders, and a scheduler. All interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed. Study findings were later reported back to and validated by the participants.
The study found that CHWs in the study communities performed a wide range of duties that extend beyond standard definitions of home support, of particular relevance to smaller communities with limited access to other health and social services. The primary facilitator of CHW recruitment and retention was the opportunity to build positive relationships with clients. Wages were the primary barrier to CHW recruitment and retention, in particular the wage disparity between community- and facility-based workers. Other barriers included the costs associated with paying for one’s own mobile phone and using one’s own vehicle on the job, CHWs’ unpredictable schedules, and feeling isolated from other members of the health care team.
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Grissett, James Arthur. "The organization and operation of downtown commercial development agencies in medium and small size cities." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20798.
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Staff, Zachary Andrew. "Small city revitalization an analysis of strategies utilized in Upstate New York /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Wedderburn, Nadine V. "Managing Small-Medium Cities in a Time of Globalization: Experiences and Evidence from Florida’s Public Managers." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/308.
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This study examines how public management practitioners in small and medium-sized Florida cities perceive globalization and its impact on public management practice. Using qualitative analysis, descriptive statistics and factor analysis methods, data obtained from a survey and semi-structured interviews were studied to comprehend how public managers view the management and control of their municipalities in a time of globalization. The study shows that the public managers’ perceptions of globalization and its impact on public management in Florida’s small-medium cities are nuanced. Whereas some public managers feel that globalization has significant impacts on municipalities’ viability, others opine that globalization has no local impact. The study further finds that globalization processes are perceived as altering the public management functions of decision-making, economic development and service delivery in some small-medium cities in Florida as a result of transnational shifts, rapidly changing technologies, and municipalities’ heightened involvement in the global economy. The study concludes that the globalization discourse does not resonate among some public managers in Florida’s small-medium cities in ways implied in extant literature.
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Catherine, Adam L. "Applications of carsharing in small cities in the United States a framework for implementation and analysis /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 194 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338924661&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Ramesh, Sathya Dong Pinliang. "High resolution satellite images and LiDAR data for small-area building extraction and population estimation." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12188.
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Lau, Hiu Ming. "Investigating the small public urban open spaces at high-density cities: A case study of Hong Kong." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227456.
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Many researches have shown that urban parks can enhance the quality of life, which is a key factor of building a sustainable city. Hong Kong, as one of the most densely populated financial city in the world, has severely low urban park density. Instead, a large number of small public urban open spaces (SPUOS) are scattered within the city fabrics. This paper therefore aims to study the design and functions of these SPUOS. It is also hoped that find out whether a network of connected small open spaces can compensate for a large urban park. After reviewing the history of urban parks in Hong Kong. It is believed that the multitude of SPUOS is the result of poor urban planning and imperfect urban renewal schemes during the early occupation by the British Government. These SPUOS are usually around 1000 to 1500 m2 large in size and can be abundantly found along adjacent streets. For the design of the SPUOS, benches are usually the only facility installed and the vegetation is of poor quality. The connectivity of SPUOS located within the study area in the Yau Tsim Mong District is investigated with the use of graph theory and connectivity indices. The result has shown that these SPUOS in the study area have a high degree of connectivity. They are further compared with a larger urban park located nearby. Based on the comparisons and other prior researches, a conclusion has been drawn that size of a park is not the major concern of park users but rather its facilities and design. It is believed that a network of connected SPUOS might serve the local community better due to their locations. However, they should not be able to entirely replace large urban parks since they have fewer amenities provided. The SPUOS are found to have rather different functions to the society than what urban parks are commonly expected. Their environment and economic functions are constrained mainly by the poor design and the locations. An interview with the representative of a non-government organization has been made to further understand their social functions. The interviewee believes that SPUOS now mainly act as social hubs and living rooms for senior citizens. This statement is then verified by the result of a prior survey and some other researches. This is due to the combination of aging population structure, exploding population growth, and expanding poverty gap. Lastly, a comparative study has been made on the small public urban green spaces (SPUGS) in Copenhagen. The SPUGS can attract visitors of different age group from other far neighborhoods. Despite than fact that there is cultural difference and citizens from these two cities have different lifestyles, a better design of the pocket park might be the reason of why it becomes an attractive natural meeting point in the central Copenhagen for all age-groups visitors. Based on all the investigations and findings, suggestions have been made to improve the quality of SPUOS in Hong Kong.
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Richardson, P. A. "Government policy for the inner cities : A case study of small premises provision in the partnership areas." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354093.
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Verbyla, Matthew Eric. "Pathogen Removal in Natural Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery Systems: Solutions for Small Cities in an Urbanizing World." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6044.
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Sanitation, renewable energy, and food security are among the most pressing global development needs of the century, especially for small cities with rapid population growth. Currently, 53% of the world’s population either lacks access to improved sanitation or discharges fecal waste to the environment without treatment. Furthermore, 80% of food consumed in developing regions is produced by 500 million small farms, and while many of them are still rain-fed, irrigated agriculture is increasing. The post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals, recently adopted by the United Nations, include targets to address the water-energy-food nexus. Wastewater reuse in agriculture can be an important solution for these goals, if it is done safely. Globally, 18 – 20 million hectares of agricultural land are irrigated with wastewater, but much is untreated, unregulated, or unsanctioned, causing concerns and uncertainty about health risks.
There is a need to better understand pathogen removal in natural and non-mechanized wastewater treatment systems, such as waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, which are commonly used in small cities and towns. Riverbank filtration (RBF) is also a natural technique used by farmers in developing countries to treat surface water polluted with untreated sewage, but pathogen removal in these systems has seldom been assessed in developing countries. The focus of this dissertation is on pathogen removal in natural and non-mechanized wastewater treatment and reuse systems, to evaluate the health implications of water reuse for irrigation, with the following three objectives: 1) assess the current understanding of virus removal in WSP systems through a systematic review of the literature; 2) measure the removal of viruses and their association with particles in systems with WSPs, UASB reactors, or both; and 3) assess the fate and transport of pathogens and fecal indicators in wastewater treatment systems with direct and indirect reuse for irrigation to estimate microbial risks.
To advance the understanding of virus removal in WSP systems, a comprehensive analysis of virus removal reported in the literature from 71 different WSP systems revealed only a weak to moderate correlation of virus removal with theoretical hydraulic retention time (HRT). For each log10 reduction of viruses a geometric mean of 14.5 days of retention was required, but the 95th percentile of the data analyzed was 54 days. Also, whereas virus-particle association and subsequent sedimentation has been assumed to be an important removal mechanism for viruses in WSPs, the literature review revealed a lack of evidence to confirm the validity of this assumption.
The association of human adenovirus (AdV) with wastewater particles was assessed in five full-scale wastewater treatment systems in Bolivia, Brazil, and the United States (two with only WSPs, two with a UASB reactor and WSPs, and one with only UASB reactors). A mesocosm study was also conducted with WSP water from one of the full-scale systems, and some samples were also analyzed for pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), F+ coliphage, culturable enterovirus (EV), norovirus (NoV), and rotavirus (RV). Results indicate that WSPs and UASB reactors affect virus-particle associations in different ways, which may differ for different viruses. In UASB reactor effluent, PMMoV was more associated with particles <180 >µm, showed no indication of settling in subsequent ponds, and appeared to degrade in pond sediments after 5 days. In contrast, AdV in UASB reactor effluent was associated with small and large particles, and in subsequent ponds, particle-associated AdV showed evidence of possible settling or more rapid decay at the water surface. AdV and culturable EV were also more volumetrically-concentrated in UASB reactor sludge than they were in untreated sewage, WSP water, UASB effluent, and WSP sediments, indicating that the reactors may cause these viruses to become entrapped and concentrated in granular sludge. Some viruses may be removed in the sludge, but others exit the reactors in solution and attached to particles. The resuspension of pellets from centrifuged UASB reactor sludge samples in an eluant buffer indicated reversible AdV association with granular sludge, but some associations with particles in solution may not be reversible.
The fate and transport of pathogens and fecal indicators was assessed in Bolivia for two WSP systems with direct reuse for irrigation, and one on-farm RBF system used to treat surface water polluted by untreated sewage. In the WSP systems, despite HRTs of 10 days, pathogen and fecal indicator removal was generally ≤1-log10, possibly due to overloading and short-circuiting from sludge accumulation. The RBF system provided removals on the order of 2-log10 for protozoan parasites, 3-log10 or more for viruses, and 4-log10 or more for bacteria. The use of RBF also reduced cumulative estimated health burdens associated with irrigated lettuce. Irrigation of lettuce with untreated river water caused an estimated disease burden that represents 37% of the existing burden from acute diarrhea in Bolivia; when RBF was used, this decreased to only 1.1%, which is not epidemiologically-significant, and complies with the World Health Organization guidelines. Ratios of concentrations of microorganisms in irrigation water to their respective concentrations in soil or crops were calculated, to assess transfer from irrigation water to soil or crops. These ratios (with units mL g-1) were generally < 0.1 mL g-1 for coliphage, between 1 and 100 mL g-1 for Giardia and Cryptosporidium, and generally between 100 and 1,000 mL g-1 for helminth eggs. Higher ratios could indicate more efficient transfer from water to soil or crops, longer persistence in soil or on crops, or slower leaching away from soil or crops.
The results from this research demonstrate that pathogen removal in full-scale natural wastewater treatment systems happens via complex mechanisms that vary with respect to pathogen type, treatment systems configuration, and other environmental and operational parameters. Future research and innovation efforts should focus on the use of a combination of natural and non-mechanized technologies, surface-flow systems (e.g., WSPs) and subsurface systems (e.g., RBF), applied at both semi-centralized (e.g., wastewater treatment plant) and decentralized levels (e.g., on farms), to evaluate how this affects the efficiency and resiliency of pathogen removal. Also, future research is needed to further elucidate reasons for the observed differences in virus-particle associations in natural wastewater treatment systems.
23
Yildiz, Sitki. "The Transformation Of The Religious Tradesmen In Small Cities In The Context Of Market Economy: The Case Of Kirikkale." Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/12604917/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Based on a field study carried out in Kirikkale, this study investigates the
transformation of religious tradesmen of small cities in Turkey with emphases
on : (a) the role of religious values within the free market economy(b) the &
#65533
work ethics&
#65533
of religious tradesmen and (c) the transformation process of religious values within the present economic system. In the study, semistructured in-depth interviews and official documents were used to collect the research data. The thesis of Weber on the relationships between religious values and the rational capitalism was examined to better understand the work ethics and the religious values of religious tradesmen. The opinions of Weber, Rodinson and Ü
lgener about the causes of the nonexistence of a rational capitalism in the Islamic world were evaluated throughout the study. In this respect, the emergence and the development of the Muslim guilds and petty bourgeoisie within the traditional Islamic societies were also studied. The research results suggest that the incorporation into the free market economy brings about the transformation the religious economic convictions or values. Therefore, the chance of survival and the applicability of such religious values within this economic system seem to be impossible. In summary, this particular research indicates that the religious tradesmen do not face with serious contradictions in their economic activities. They rather seem to be involved in a transformation and adaptation process in the free market economy.
24
Reche, Daniella. "A produção do espaço urbano de pequenas cidades no contexto regional de inserção da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/180550.
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A tese se insere na discussão sobre processos de estruturação socioespacial de cidades brasileiras de pequeno porte a partir da instalação de grandes empreendimentos. Tem como objetivo compreender o processo de produção do espaço urbano de pequenas cidades a partir da ação do capital imobiliário, diante da expectativa de ampliação da demanda por moradias e o consequente aumento de preços de aluguel e venda de imóveis. Adota-se como caso a experiência da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, instituição pública de ensino superior criada pelo REUNI. Sua estrutura multicampi compreende seis campi implantados em uma rede de cidades de pequenos e médio porte dos três estados da região Sul. Como objeto de estudo elegeu-se o espaço urbano das três cidades pequenas que integram a rede institucional da UFFS (Laranjeiras do Sul/PR, Realeza/PR e Cerro Largo/RS). Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram o levantamento de dados quantitativos relacionados, entre outros, aos deslocamentos de pessoas e de bens materiais gerados pela UFFS, às movimentações do mercado imobiliário obtidos a partir de classificados de jornais e contratos disponibilizados por imobiliárias, ao processo de expansão urbana através de decretos de aprovação de loteamentos; e qualitativos, com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com os principais agentes produtores do espaço urbano dessas cidades, além de questionário direcionado aos servidores da UFFS Foram analisadas as transformações no espaço urbano das pequenas cidades estudadas, após a instalação dos campi da UFFS, assim como as mudanças decorrentes no padrão de produção desses espaços urbanos, evidenciando novos agentes como preponderantes no processo de estruturação dessas cidades. A expectativa do aumento da demanda por moradias geradas pela presença dos campi, inserem essas cidades em um circuito regional da economia, atraindo agentes externos. Estes tornam-se responsáveis pela reprodução dos padrões de produção de cidades maiores, baseadas na exploração do solo urbano pelo capital imobiliário. As análises desenvolvidas permitem afirmar que o espaço urbano de pequenas cidades que recebem grandes empreendimentos públicos organizados regionalmente, torna-se susceptível à ação do capital que age articuladamente por meio de ações interescalares e que definem a lógica de (re) produção do espaço urbano.This research is part of the discussion about the socio-spatial structuring processes of small Brazilian cities as from the large undertaking installation. The thesis aims to understand the process of the small cities urban space production from the action of real estate capital, in view of the demand expansion expectation for housing and the consequent increase in prices of rental and sale of real estate. It is adopted as a study case the experience of the Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, a public institution of higher education created by the REUNI, which has a multi-campus structure comprised of six campuses located in a network of small and medium-sized cities of the three states of the South Region. As an object of study was chosen the urban space of the three small cities that make up the institutional network of UFFS (Laranjeiras do Sul/PR, Realeza/PR and Cerro Largo/RS). The methodological procedures involved the collection of quantitative data related to, among others, the displacement of people and materials assets generated by the UFFS, the real estate market movements obtained from newspapers classified and contracts made available by real estate companies, to the process of urban expansion through decrees approval of lots, and qualitative semi-structured interviews with the main producers of the urban space of these cities and a questionnaire addressed to the employees of the UFFS Were analyzed the transformations in the urban space of the small cities studied, after the installation of the UFFS campuses, as well as the changes of the urban spaces production model, evidencing new agents as preponderant in the structuring process of these cities. The increase expectation for housing demand generated by the campuses presence, places these cities in a regional circuit of the economy, attracting external agents. These become responsible for the reproduction of the larger cities production model, based on the exploitation of urban land by real estate capital. The developed analyzes allow us to affirm that the urban space of small cities that receive large public enterprises organized regionally, becomes susceptible to the action of the capital that acts of articulated form in diverse scales and that defines the logic of the urban space production.
25
Malone, Aaron M. "Middletown No More? Globalization and the Declining Positionality of Muncie, Indiana." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1276001819.
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Ozlu, Pelin. "Three Dimensional Finite Element Analysis Of A Novel Bracing System In Small Deep Excavations." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615029/index.pdf.
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One of the most common retaining systems for deep excavations is by supporting a wall with multiple levels of anchors. In densely built urban areas, preventing soil movement with such a system can be very costly. Additionally, anchored walls are assumed and forced to act independently during design calculations, thus fail to take the advantage of the rigidity of the whole system at the corners of the excavation area. An alternative support system that uses the entire system is bracing of the walls with struts. But such a system greatly hinders construction space. In this research, a new type of supporting system has been investigated by performing a parametric study in finite element analyses program. New system is a single ring at each support level, supporting the system at several locations. A comparative study has been undertaken between the conventional systems and the new system in both 2D and 3D. PLAXIS finite element analysis software was used for the analyses. The primary aim was to investigate the structural and geotechnical performance of the arch supported system. The study revealed that the new system provides improvement for specific cases and can be considered as an alternatve support system for such cases.
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Er, Akan Asli. "A Comparative Study On Earthquake Resistance Of Reinforced Concrete And Masonry Residential Buildings In Small-scale Cities Of Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609528/index.pdf.
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Today the vast majority of urban population in Turkey is living in multi-story apartment blocks constructed of reinforced concrete due to the fact that in the late 19th century concrete and steel took the place of traditional materials such as masonry. However, it cannot be denied that masonry is still a crucial material for load bearing walls, internal walls and cladding of buildings. In addition to this masonry construction system has many advantages. From the architectural point of view, it provides flexibility in plan, spatial composition, wide variety of colours and textures and an impressive appearance for external walls. From the construction point of view, masonry system eliminates the cost of the frame because the structure is also the enclosing wall. In spite of these advantages, until recently, masonry was not considered to be a convenient material for building construction in seismic zones of Turkey. Thus, in 1950&rsquos for the residential building reinforced concrete started to be used as a construction material in every region of Turkey. This building material first became popular and was widely used but after a short while it was also used in smaller cities. Before the construction of reinforced concrete residential buildings each of these small-scale cities had their own local characteristics but after a rapid urbanization period all of these cities became similar to each other. Therefore, in this study firstly residential building typologies in some small-scale cities (Bolu, Dü
zce, Ç
ankiri, Ç
orum, Kastamonu, Kirikkale) are investigated and for these cities 4-storey masonry residential buildings is proposed instead of multi-story reinforced concrete apartment blocks. Here, it is aimed to enliven the use of masonry again in these regions. To achieve this aim it is necessary to verify the fact that it is possible to construct a four-story residential building with masonry bearing walls instead of reinforced concrete beam and column skeleton system keeping the existing plan scheme in other words without changing its architectural characteristics. In order to do this, 3D models are created to compare the behaviours of the masonry building and reinforced concrete building. The behavioural investigation of the two models is performed in the finite element platform with the help of SAP 2000. Finally it is certified that this proposal is successfully efficient.
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Coleman, Phillip D. "What are the perceived economic effects to the communities when broadband Internet is available in three small Kentucky cities?" Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1378146.
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The main purpose of this research study was to investigate the perceived economic implications that broadband Internet has made on three small Kentucky cities. Perceptions were chosen to be studied, because it appears that perceptions, and not economic indicators, determined the economic viability of each Kentucky city that was researched.This study examined the perceptions of the association of broadband Internet to economic growth through a single-case study approach. Data were collected through multiple, semi-structured interviews with the city's municipal utility, economic development and workforce development sectors. Results from each city were then analyzed by coding and placing the data into themes that emerged from each city.One common theme that appeared throughout small cities in Kentucky was minimal collaboration between the different sectors (broadband Internet provider, Economic Development, and Workforce Development). Closely associated with this theme was a lack of communications between these same sectors in some of the cities. Finally, there was a lack of racial diversity within each city that discouraged innovative ideas and methods.Recommendations included using predictive analysis to plan and track economic development modeling and continue to develop the businesses and industries that are already established, instead of courting new business. Additional recommendations involve the development of a partnership between the municipal utility and private broadband Internet carriers, a relationship between the municipal utility and the rural cooperative, and establishing a technology committee that would include all broadband Internet providers, a economic development representative, a Workforce Development Representative, a city government representative, a county government representative, and a local small business representative.Department of Educational Studies
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Leão, Carla de Souza. "A inserção de pequenas cidades na rede urbana: o caso das cidades na região de governo de Dracena /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96742.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Eliseu Savério SpositoBanca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo
Banca: Mara Lucia Falconi da Hora Bernardelli
Resumo: Neste trabalho é proposta a análise das pequenas cidades da região de Governo de Dracena, localizada no oeste do Estado de São Paulo, que surgiram em decorrência do mesmo processo de ocupação. A princípio, as atividades nelas desenvolvidas estavam completamente voltadas para a produção agrícola, porém suas funções foram se alterando, surgindo também uma diferenciação na rede urbana regional. O objetivo central da pesquisa é compreender os processos e elementos responsáveis pela diferenciação entre as cidades, que interferem na sua inserção na rede urbana e conseqüentemente no processo de hierarquização. A região é composta por 10 municípios com populações que variam de 2.104 habitantes a 43.244 habitantes, em que há uma nítida seletividade na localização de equipamentos urbanos e das atividades econômicas, havendo a valorização do espaço em determinadas cidades em detrimento de outras. A cidade de Dracena passou a apresentar maior dinamicidade e centralidade em relação às demais ao incorporar diferentes papéis. Hoje ela possui maior capacidade de oferecer serviços na área da saúde, educação, com um comércio mais diversificado e apresenta o desenvolvimento de certas atividades industriais, capaz de articulá-la com outros centros urbanos fora da sua região de influência, estas atividades culminaram em uma maior capacidade de atrair população. Observou-se que enquanto as atividades comerciais, a prestação de serviços, sobretudo quando nos referimos àqueles relacionados às necessidades mais básicas da população local, são responsáveis por uma circulação mais intensa de pessoas entre as cidades da região e produzem relações muito mais hierarquizadas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this dissertation, we propose an analysis of the small cities, which compose the region of Dracena Government in the west state of São Paulo. These cities emerged from the same occupation process. In the beginning, the developed activities were related to the agriculture production, but the scene changed, appearing as well as a distinction in the urban network of the region. The main objective of this research is to understand the processes and aspects responsible for the distinction among the cities, which interfere in their insertion in the urban network and consequently in the hierarchical process. The region is composed by 10 municipalities with numbers of inhabitants ranging from around 2,104 to 43,244. Furthermore, there is a clear selection for the location of urban facilities and economic activities, with the appreciation of space in certain cities over others. Dracena has presented more dynamism and centrality then the other cities due to the incorporation of different functions. Nowadays, Dracena has major capacity to offer service in the health area, education, diversification of the trade and shows a development in some industrial... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Leigh, Megan Breen. "A Wind River Romance." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/394.
Full textAbstract:
A first-person narrative adult novel explores the theme of abandonment with its residual and enduring effects, and its antithetical theme of loyalty that is continually tested and measured. The protagonist, editor of the local newspaper in a small, isolated agricultural community in the mid-1960s, provides the narrative nexus of two families. His is a community which is a mix of characters that are quirky by virtue of their natures or the remote circumstances of their existence. Both families in focus have treasure troves of secrets. Only after the appearance of a mysterious young woman and her subsequent murder do the tightly bound secrets of the families and the larger community begin to unravel. The narrator reveals his personal story as it relates to how he reacts and responds to the events at hand. Adding to his personal experience in the community, the narrator offers texture and enhancement to the story through archived newspaper articles and his interpretation of short silent movie reels chronicling the town's history from its earliest days until the end of World War II. Characters from within and without the community assume disguises to maintain their lifestyle or achieve a nefarious purpose while other characters hide behind the falsehoods of their comfortable, everyday lives. The one honest character becomes a victim of his own purity, despite attempts of the narrator to intervene. Not until forty years after the events that changed so many lives is it safe for the truth to bubble to the surface.
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Emanuelsson, Amanda, Victoria Hultberg, and Wilma Fridell. "Why do newly graduated students choose to apply for jobs in small cities? : A Bachelor thesis exploring what newly graduated students consider being an attractive employer in a small city." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105863.
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Background: Employer branding is a concept that describes a company's reputation as a work place. Working with the employer brand can help companies to attract talented employees and also retain them in the company. It is therefore important that companies understand what makes an employer attractive in order to appeal and retain employees. This is important especially for businesses that are located in small cities since it can be challenging for them to attract talent there. Urbanization has led to smaller areas being less populated and that graduated students are least prone to move to these areas. Thus, it is important to make smaller cities and areas more attractive to make the graduates move there. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is therefore to explore what factors graduated students consider attractive in an employer in a small city. Methodology: This thesis used a qualitative and deductive approach. In order to solve the purpose and answer the research question, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted through Zoom with a non-probability sampling that were chosen by the researchers. However, before conducting the interviews, the researchers did some theoretical research and discovered six factors that represented employer attractiveness (See Figure 1). These factors became the basis of the study and a foundation when constructing the questions for the interviews. Findings: The findings of this thesis showed that the factors that were most important; flexibility, salary, leadership, career possibilities, working culture and recruitment.
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Tofani, Juliana Torres de Miranda. "Local humanizing development of small and intermediate urban centers in developing countries, the case of three cities in southern Bahia, Brazil." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/MQ31649.pdf.
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Ngefor, Gillian Sanguv. "Institutional changes, water accessibility strategies and governance in the Cameroon western highlands : the case of Bali, Kumbo and Bafou small cities." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20006/document.
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L’objectif de cette étude consistait à explorer la contradiction naissante entre d’une part, la politique de l’eau menée au Cameroun depuis l’indépendance et d’autre part, les réalités urbaines de contrôle et d’usage informels de l’eau. Les concepts de « gouvernance » et de « communauté » ont été utilisés pour analyser comment les populations affirmaient, de façon individuelle ou collective, leurs droits sur l’eau et comment de telles revendications étaient légitimées. Les concepts de « négociabilité » et de « flexibilité » ont permis de comprendre comment les droits d’utilisation et d’accès à l’eau étaient négociés et contestés en fonction de conditions changeantes. Le concept de « société civile » a été employé pour refléter le caractère multi scalaire du pouvoir et sa normalisation dans des réseaux de la vie quotidienne, régulant ainsi les pratiques et les relations sociales. Les résultats montrent l’existence d’un grand nombre d’arrangements institutionnels de niveau local qui régissent l’accès à l’eau potable dans les communautés. Les leaders traditionnels, les représentants élus et les comités de gestion des points d’eau potable tendent à se compléter dans le développement et l’application des arrangements institutionnels. L’étude conclut que l’informalité des institutions et des droits de propriété dans la gouvernance de l’eau des petites villes semblent entretenir des situations socio-économiques complexes. Il s’agit là d’un point commun entre les trois sites étudiés. En définitive, la multiplication des acteurs de l’eau a débouché sur une sorte de chevauchement des compétences de contrôle et de gestion tant dans l’espace que dans le tempsThe objective of this study was to explore the emerging contradiction between on the one hand, the water policy conducted in Cameroon since independence and secondly, the urban realities of “informal” water control and use on the other. The concepts of "governance" and "community" were used to analyze how people individually or collectively claimed, their water rights and how such claims were legitimized while the negotiability/flexibility and hybrid concepts were used to analyze how resource rights and access are negotiated (informal and formal) and contested in view of changing conditions. The concept of "civil society" was used to reflect the multiscale nature of power and its standardization in networks of daily life, thereby regulating the practices and social relations. Results show that there are a number of local level institutional arrangements that govern access to potable water in communities which may vary depending on the source, ownership (privately owned or communally owned) interest and the purpose for which the water will be used. Traditional leaders, “elected” leaders and the relevant water point committees tend to complement each other in developing institutional arrangements and enforcing these. The study concludes that the informality of institutions and property rights in small town water governance harbor complex socio-economic situations, which is a common feature in the three study sites (Bali, Bafou and Kumbo), where rights overlap in both time and space with a variety of different degrees of intensity being applied in the management of different water schemes. Such processes are not predictable, because of the specific characteristics of each community, and one has to deal with setbacks and conflicts
34
Ozturk, Songul. "Small Towns Reshaping Their Urban Planning Policies Joining In The Cittaslow International Network:the Case Of Seferihisar In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614177/index.pdf.
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Frazier, Kevan Delany. "Big dreams, small cities John Nolen, the new South, and the city planning movement in Asheville, Roanoke, and Johnson City, 1907-1937 /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1524.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 246 p. : maps (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-236).
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Cordone, Michelle L. "The Role of Vernacular Architecture in Small Town Identity and Economy: A Study of Mentone, Indiana." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1187314978.
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Ritchey, John Michael. "Elvis Plays Texas." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1418.
Full textAbstract:
In the novel Elvis Plays Texas, which is my Thesis project to meet the requirements for a Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing/Fiction, a little town in far, far West Texas and its people are having a very difficult time and facing what promises to be a bleak future—a long, long drought has exhausted their water supply, oil has peaked and turned down, “fracking” threatens their way of life, friends and family and neighbors are loading up and leaving town. Then, Elvis Presley shows up. It’s the 40th anniversary of the day he died, August 16, 1977, and he, spiritually though appearing in every way to be flesh and blood, is visiting those who’ve continued believing in him and to whom he had been particularly important during their younger lives. My own long history in that part of the country has played its considerable role in informing the setting, the tone, the atmosphere. These are the kinds of characters—strange birds all—I grew up with. The country is the southwestern desert, hot, dry, empty, big sky—the kind of neighborhood that lends itself to oddities like Elvis throwing a benefit concert to help them out of the economic ditch.
38
Whitaker, Carl W. "Small Town Retail Change in East Texas: an Analysis of Retail Growth, Decline, and Spatial Reconfiguration." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822776/.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, small towns have experienced declining levels of retail activity attributable to a variety of factors. Previously conducted research identifies a number of these factors such as changing population dynamics, continuously evolving retail practices, locational factors, and an assortment of other macroeconomic factors. Although retail decline is common for many small towns, there are some small towns that have been able to maintain their viability in an ever-changing economic climate. The primary purpose of this research is to better understand what spatial and socio-economic characteristics contribute to retail growth and decline in a series of small towns. This research highlights a selection of small towns across a 14 county area within east Texas. The selection of small towns includes a number of towns with an increasing number of retail establishments as well as a number of towns with decreasing retail establishments over the 14 year study timeframe. Contained within this research is a discussion of small town economic and retail development, as well as findings regarding spatial and socio-economic characteristics as they relate to retail growth and decline in small towns. This research finds that locational characteristics do have an effect on retail growth and decline. The research also supports the literature, which states retail growth and decline is more pronounced within certain retail categories.
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Moore, Kenneth Ethan. "Urban sprawl & edge growth, the plight of the American small town : a case study of Pendleton, Indiana." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/916987.
Full textAbstract:
One of the primary planning issues facing small rural communities today is balancing the need of economic growth with the preservation of local character and natural resources. Faced with increasing development pressures, these communities often are unequipped from a planning and ordinance standpoint to deal with accelerated demands for subdivision approval, infrastructure planning, and other legal issues that come with development. This can lead not only to loss of local and natural character, but also to long term community debt as small municipalities are obligated or agree to install infrastructure that the tax on the new construction will not pay for. This report examines the town of Pendleton, Indiana, and focuses on local character, historic, and natural resources to form the basis for future land use recommendations. The primary steps in this process are; 1) a contextual (visual) analysis of Pendleton and its surrounding area to identify the different neighborhoods, landmarks, nodes, edges, and circulation patterns based upon visual criteria, 2) analysis of Pendleton's zoning ordinances and land use controls, 3) determination of potential physical and fiscal impacts of development of available land according to existing zoning, and 4) development of future long term land use recommendations in the planning format of a comprehensive plan.Department of Landscape Architecture
40
Hu, Guo Dong. "The factors that influence electronic payment adoption by SMEs in two cities of China." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8049_1263765238.
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Ji, Yiping. "Strategy Analysis of Real Estate Company Property Development in Medium Size City in China." Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48750.
Full textAbstract:
Real estate industry is a new economic growth point and main industry in Chinese gross domestic product nowadays. This paper analyzes the trend of Chinese real estate market development to help investors to understand the current situation of Chinese real estate markets and policies better, so as to make better real estate investment decisions in China in the future. Because of oversaturated with investment and higher cost of investment there are more and more limitations in investing in big cities in China. With the rapid development of the economy, the huge inner demand of real estate is increasing in medium and small sized cities. Some investigations show that there are huge spaces of the appreciation in Chinese real estate market in medium and small sized cities. The author will describe and analyze the investment strategy and development of Fuxing Huiyu Real Estate Corporation as a case study. The demonstrated company is a public company with rapid growth in a medium sized city named Wuhan in the central part of China. Other investment companies or real estate companies could get some ideas by analyzing the development and decision making process of this company.
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Crivelaro, Sergio Henrique Rezende. "Espaço vivido, cotidiano e qualidade de vida em pequenos municipios : caso : municipio de Urupes (SP)." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287250.
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Orientador: Claudete de Castro Silva VitteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo das práticas cotidianas dos moradores de pequenos municípios em sua dimensão sócio-espacial, suas relações de convívio e sociabilidade, sua percepção sobre qualidade de vida e a estruturação do espaço vivido. Trata-se de um levantamento, caracterização e análise do cotidiano das pessoas moradoras em pequenos municípios, como uma tentativa de identificação e compreensão dos espaços de sociabilidade e de sua percepção sobre componentes mais característicos que interferem na qualidade de vida, tais como a política, a economia, a cultura e o meio ambiente. Trata-se, então, de um estudo sobre a temática da qualidade de vida em pequenos municípios, no qual quer-se enfatizar os aspectos de sociabilidade e convívio como determinantes importantes desta qualidade de vida. Parte-se da hipótese que os pequenos municípios preservam laços mais estreitos de convívio e sociabilidade, o que confere menores desigualdades sócio-espaciais e uma maior satisfação por parte da população em residir no município. A pesquisa baseou-se no estudo de caso exploratório único, sendo selecionado o município de Urupês, situado na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. O mesmo se enquadra como uma fonte de evidências para verificação da hipótese proposta. Trata-se de um município do interior paulista com população aproximada de 12 mil habitantes (SEADE, 2007). Está localizado próximo a cidades médias importantes como São José do Rio Preto e Catanduva, que por sua vez, estão rodeadas por pequenos municípios com características semelhantes entre si. As evidências encontradas permitem corroborar a hipótese que norteia o trabalho, isto é, a população de Urupês apresenta como característica laços mais estreitos de sociabilidade e de convívio. Além disso, as desigualdades sócio-espaciais não se constituem díspares, ou seja, a população dispõe de boas condições gerais de vida (representada sobretudo pelo acesso às necessidades básicas de educação, saúde e segurança) e qualidade de vida (entendida em seus aspectos objetivos e subjetivos), sintetizado sobretudo pela característica apontada pela população sobre a satisfação em residir no município. Por fim, uma contribuição vislumbrada por este trabalho está na possibilidade de ampliar a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população por meio de políticas públicas que considerem o cotidiano, o espaço vivido e as características da sociabilidade dos pequenos municípios, com suas permanências e transformações.
Abstract: This work aims to study the daily life practices of the residents of small towns in its socio-spatial dimension, its relations of conviviality and sociability, their perception about quality of life and structuring of living space. This is a characterization and analysis of the daily of people living in small towns, as an attempt to identify and understand the spaces of sociability and their perception on the most characteristic that cause on the quality of life, such as politics, the economy, culture and environment. This, then, a study on the issue of quality of life in small towns, which wants to emphasize the aspects of social and conviviality as important determinants of the quality of life. It is the hypothesis that small municipalities maintain closer ties to conviviality and sociability, which gives lower socio-spatial inequalities and greater satisfaction on the part of the population reside in this place. The research was based on the single exploratory case study, and selected the city of Urupês, located in the northwestern Sao Paulo state. The same fits as a source of evidence to verify the hypothesis proposal. This is a city of Sao Paulo State with a population of approximately 12 thousand inhabitants (SEADE, 2007). It is located near to major cities such as São José do Rio Preto and Catanduva, which in turn are surrounded by small towns with similar characteristics between them. The evidence found can support the hypothesis that guided the work, that is, the population of Urupês presents as characteristic closer ties of sociability and conviviality. Also, socio-spatial inequalities are not dissimilar, ie, the population has good general conditions of life (represented mainly by access to basic needs, education, health and safety) and quality of life (understood in its aspects goals and subjective), especially the characteristic pointed synthesized by the population live on the satisfaction in this place. Finally, a contribution envisioned by this work is the possibility of extending the improvement of quality of life through public policies that consider the daily life, the lived space and features of sociability of the smaller towns, with their stays and transformations.
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia
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Machado, Carlos Eduardo [UNESP]. "Pertencimento e mudança: um estudo sobre temporalidades em um pequeno município brasileiro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152251.
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Não recebi financiamento
O enfoque desta dissertação reside no tema das temporalidades, pensadas aqui em suas múltiplas dimensões, construções, percepções, representações e usos. Para abordar esse universo, parto das narrativas dos habitantes de Borá, um pequeno município localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo (região Oeste), considerada pelo IBGE (2010) como a menor população do Brasil, somando o total de 805 habitantes, à época. A maior parte da população boraense (como se identificam) é composta por famílias descendentes dos pioneiros que povoaram a localidade nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Ao longo dos anos, mais famílias chegaram à cidade constituindo uma sociabilidade baseada em laços de parentescos e em alianças pautadas nas relações de vizinhança. Esse universo aparentemente coeso estava marcado por um processo de transformação demográfica, econômico, social e cultural, decorrente do avanço do agronegócio sucroalcooleiro na região. Anos antes, entre 2003 e 2004, uma antiga usina processadora de açúcar e álcool situada nos limites do município retomou suas atividades. Além da força de trabalho local, nas temporadas de safras, a usina contratava trabalhadores de outros estados, gerando um movimento migratório para Borá. Em 2013, foi inaugurado um conjunto habitacional para acolher esses trabalhadores e suas famílias. No mesmo ano, foi registrado em Borá um significativo aumento populacional, deixando de ser a menor do país. Diante disto, voltamos nosso olhar para o universo de compreensão dos habitantes locais (refiro-me as famílias mais antigas e aos demais moradores anteriores a retomada das atividades da usina), com o objetivo de refletir sobre as formas narrativas das mudanças e os significados temporais envoltos nas noções de pertencimento. Para realizar este estudo, lanço mão dos dados etnográficos produzidos no trabalho de campo realizado em Borá entre os anos de 2011-2013, da pesquisa bibliográfica e análises empreendidas entre 2014-2016.
The focus of this dissertation lies in the theme of temporalities, thought here in its multiple dimensions, constructions, perceptions, representations and uses. To approach this universe, I start from the narratives of the inhabitants of Borá, a small municipality located in the interior of the State of São Paulo (West region), considered by IBGE (2010) as the smallest population in Brazil, totaling 805 time. Most of the Boraan population (as they are identified) is composed of families descendants of the pioneers who populated the locality in the first decades of the twentieth century. Over the years, more families have come to the city by forming a sociability based on kinship ties and alliances based on neighborhood relations. This apparently cohesive universe was marked by a process of demographic, economic, social and cultural transformation due to the advance of the sugar-alcohol agribusiness in the region. Years earlier, between 2003 and 2004, an old sugar and alcohol processing plant located in the limits of the municipality resumed its activities. In addition to the local workforce, in the harvest seasons, the mill hired workers from other states, generating a migratory movement to Borá. In 2013, a housing complex was inaugurated to accommodate these workers and their families. In the same year, a significant increase in population was registered in Borá, being no longer the smallest in the country. In view of this, we turn our gaze to the universe of understanding of the local inhabitants (I refer to the older families and other residents prior to the resumption of the activities of the plant), with the purpose of reflecting on the narrative forms of the changes and temporal meanings involved in the notions of belonging. To carry out this study, I draw on the ethnographic data produced in the field work carried out in Borá between the years 2011-2013, the bibliographical research and analyzes undertaken between 2014-2016.
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Liu, Guang [Verfasser], Hans-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Tietz, and Dietwald [Akademischer Betreuer] Gruehn. "A study on sustainable urban water management in small and medium sized cities in China / Guang Liu. Betreuer: Hans-Peter Tietz. Gutachter: Dietwald Gruehn." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1099295289/34.
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Silva, Liliane Pimentel da [UNESP]. "O clima urbano de Pirapozinho – SP: eventos de ilhas de calor urbanas em episódios de verão." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148759.
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As cidades pequenas desempenham um papel relevante no território nacional, pois são numerosas e apresentam problemas ambientais, mesmo que em menor magnitude quando se compara às grandes cidades. O estudo do clima urbano em cidades de pequeno porte tem crescido, devido à necessidade de se entender a dinâmica climática em locais com menor expressividade territorial e com possibilidade de ter um crescimento urbano mais bem planejado. Nesse sentido, analisou-se o clima urbano de Pirapozinho/SP, município localizado no extremo oeste paulista, pertencente à microrregião de Presidente Prudente/SP. Pirapozinho tem aproximadamente 25 mil habitantes e uma área urbana com construções horizontais e com atividades econômicas diversificadas: comércio, serviços e indústrias. Desta forma, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a temperatura e a umidade do ar no espaço urbano e entorno rural próximo para se diagnosticar a geração do clima urbano em Pirapozinho/SP, como resultado da produção espacial da cidade. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, registradas em pontos fixos e transectos móveis, no intraurbano e rural próximo nos meses de dezembro de 2014 e janeiro de 2015. Para subsidiar a escolha dos pontos e a análise dos resultados foram utilizados mapas de ocupação e uso da terra e das características do relevo. Os registros de temperatura do ar dos transectos móveis realizados no período noturno, no mês de janeiro de 2015, teve como finalidade elaborar um mapa de modelagem da temperatura, a partir do suporte oferecido pelas imagens do satélite LANDSAT 8 (bandas 3, 4 e 5). Além disso, foram elaboradas cartas de temperaturas da superfície, utilizando-se de imagens do satélite LANDSAT 8 (banda 10). Pirapozinho apresentou diferenças térmicas e de umidade relativa do ar entre a área urbana e a área rural, caracterizando as ilhas de calor, em sua maioria, de média magnitude, entre 2° C e 4° C.
Small cities perform a relevant role in the national territory, because they are numerous and present environmental problems, even if to a lesser magnitude when compared to large cities. The study of the urban climate in small cities has grown due to the necessity to understand the climatic dynamics in places with less territorial expressiveness and with the possibility of having a better planned urban growth. In this sense, it hás been analyzed the urban climate of Pirapozinho / SP, a municipality located in the extreme west of São Paulo, belonging to the microregion of Presidente Prudente / SP. In Pirapozinho,there are approximately 25 thousand inhabitants and an urban area with horizontal constructions and diversified economic activities: commerce, services and industries. In this way, the main objective of this work was to analyze the temperature and humidity of the air in the urban space and nearby rural surroundings to diagnose the generation of the urban climate in Pirapozinho / SP, as a result of the spatial production of the city. For that, analyzes of the temperature and relative humidity of the air recorded in fixed points and mobile transects were carried out in the intraurban and near rural areas in the months of December 2014 and January of 2015. In order to subsidize the choice of points and the analysis of the results, occupation maps , land use and relief characteristics were used. The air temperature records of the mobile transects performed in the night period, in January of 2015, had the purpose of elaborating a temperature modeling map, from the support provided by the Landsat 8 satellite images (bands 3, 4 and 5 ). In addition, charts of surface temperatures were made by using images from the Landsat 8 satellite (band 10). Pirapozinho presented thermal and relative humidity differences between the urban area and the rural area, characterizing the islands of heat, mostly of medium magnitude, between 2 ° C and 4 ° C.
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White, Richard Charles Crookes. "Small town South Africa: the historical geography of selected Eastern Cape towns and current development initiatives within them." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003288.
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Small towns can be seen as the fundamental building blocks of tbe urban system. Through time, some of these towns have lost the primary reason for their existence. Some towns that have been declining or stagnating include old mining and industrial towns, such as Indwe in the Eastern Cape or Welkom in the Free State. Some towns have also changed the main focus of tbeir economy, for example, from that of mining to that of tourism, as in the case of Utrecht in Kwa-Zulu Natal (Nel, 2002). In light of the above, this thesis seeks to critically evaluate what has happened in selected small towns in the Eastern Cape. The research investigated a number of towns in the Eastern Cape, looking at the history and influence of colonisation, population dynamics, education levels, employment opportunities, migration and the influence of capitalism on the economic and social structure of the town, as well as tbe evolution of its economy. The research sample consisted of interviews witb local historians, community leaders, development agencies and individuals who were benefiting from tbe various development initiatives/project in the towns. These interviews, in conjunction with the literature identified, were conducted in the selected small towns, assessing whether development was succeeding and, in conclusion, identifying witb reference to the study sites, what was learnt. The research process generated a number of lessons that need to be taken into consideration when attempting social and economic upliftment in small towns. These include: the need for leadership, support from the local population and the need for financial assistance to support and uplift the community.KMBT_363
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Ndhlovu, Raymond. "The impact of the cultural and creative industries on the economic growth and development of small cities and towns - guidelines for creating a regional cultural policy." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61524.
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The arts and cultural sector has come under even more financial strain than it previously was, as it has to compete with other sectors of the economy for the very limited public funding that is available. It is in this context that the economic impact, and the role, of the arts and cultural sector towards advancing economic growth and development, needs be examined. This thesis investigates the potential for the positive impact of the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) on growth and development of small cities and towns. Furthermore, it also provides guidelines for the development of regional cultural policy in small cities and towns. The CCIs have also been touted as a catalyst for economic growth and economic development, hence the global rise in their interest. For example, the CCIs have been used to redevelop and revive urban areas that have been rundown. CCIs, however, tend to develop in clusters, and additionally, they cluster around large cities. However, the lack of reliance of some CCIs on long supply chains or high-technology inputs may make them suitable candidates for investment in small cities and towns. Additionally, the link that small cities and towns have with rural and isolated areas makes them potential engines for driving growth, development, as well as employment creation for these areas, given their decline as a result of the transition from the traditional agricultural economy, to the knowledge economy. As CCIs have the propensity to drive government’s macroeconomic objectives such as efficiency, equity, economic growth and job creation, it is necessary to develop cultural policy that regards this. The tendency of CCIs to cluster and develop around large cities inevitably means that very little research into cultural policy directed towards regions without large cities and towns has been done. By the same token, very little research has also been conducted on how to craft cultural policy for such areas. In order then, for cultural policy for regions without large cities and towns to be developed, it is necessary to investigate, and provide, guidelines on, how to develop cultural policy for such regions. As a case study, the Sarah Baartman District Municipality (SBDM) in the Eastern Cape was chosen. The SBDM has no large cities and towns, but the District Municipality has identified the CCIs as a potential growth sector, and is in the process of developing a regional cultural policy. The area also includes Grahamstown, which not only hosts the National Arts Festival, which is the largest arts event of its type in Africa, but is also piloting the “Creative City” project in South Africa. An audit and mapping study was conducted on the CCIs in the SBDM; this was based on a national mapping study commissioned by the Department of Arts and Culture. Further internet searches, as well as consultations with the provincial and regional Department of Arts of Culture, coupled with snowball sampling, also aided in the identification of CCIs, and consequently, the “creative hotspots” within the SBDM. Two random samples of stakeholders were chosen; the CCI owners and practitioners, as well as key stakeholders such as government officials, and interviews conducted with both groups, in order to get a first-hand perspective on the operations, activities, challenges, and opportunities that are faced by the CCIs. The study found that there were at least 441 CCIs in the SBDM, with two local municipalities (Dr. Beyers Naude and Makana) hosting the largest share of these (145 and 113 CCIs in each local municipality respectively), which indicates some support for the ‘clustering’ theory. It was also found that the local municipalities that had the largest number of CCIs also experienced better socio-economic welfare. Furthermore, based on the UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics (FCS) domains, the Visual Arts and Crafts; Information, Books and Press; and, Cultural Heritage domains were the largest domains represented in the SBDM. It was concluded that cultural policy that is developed, ought to take advantage of, and build on, these existing clusters, as well as the domains that are most prevalent in the region. To demonstrate the impact of cultural festivals on growth and development, a socio-economic impact study was undertaken at the 2016 National Arts Festival (NAF) in Grahamstown. Face to interviews, as well as self-completion questionnaires were used, with respondents at different venues, attending a variety of shows, and across a range of demographics, being interviewed, in order to get a representative sample of Festival attendees. It was found that the economic impact of the 2016 NAF on the city of Grahamstown was R94.4 million. Over and above the economic value of the NAF, it was also found that there were nonmarket benefits (social and intrinsic values) of the NAF, that included audience development, education of the arts and culture, social cohesion, and community development. The inability to directly track and measure social and intrinsic values proved to be a challenge. The study concluded that in order for successful cultural policy to be developed in regions without large cities and towns, it is first necessary to carry out a study to identify what resources are present, and where they are. Locating resources enables cluster identification - as clusters encourage comparative and competitive advantage, it is worthwhile to invest in areas where there are clusters. Therefore, in the allocation of scarce public funds, cultural policy needs to guide investment in to areas where established clusters indicate existing comparative advantage. In terms of equity and transformation, it is also necessary to evaluate labour markets and ownership patterns when developing cultural policy. Beyond the analysis of physical and human resources, the study also found that a crucial step towards developing successful cultural policy is identification of opportunities and challenges faced by the practitioners themselves; the policy ought to capitalise on the opportunities, whilst attempting to correct the challenges faced. Also of importance is aligning the proposed policy and its objectives with regional, provincial and national aims and objectives. Finally, it is important to include a monitoring and evaluation tool that will evaluate the performance of the policy against its stated aims and objectives.
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Moschetta, Gabriela Giacobbo. "Abordagem para o lançamento de uma "paisagem urbana produtiva contínua" em um município brasileiro de pequeno porte." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/101184.
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A intensificação do fenômeno da urbanização, em nível global, constitui um grande desafio para a estruturação de um futuro mais sustentável. As cidades contemporâneas são responsáveis por grandes impactos de ordem social e ambiental, e também sofrem as consequências negativas dessa circunstância. Tornar a sustentabilidade uma realidade, também exige repensar a forma como executamos nossas cidades. À vista disso, o “Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL)” é um conceito recente de projeto urbano, que busca integrar, de forma coerente, infraestrutura sustentável às cidades. Uma “Paisagem Urbana Produtiva Contínua” pode ser definida como uma paisagem multifuncional, que apoia simultaneamente a produção de alimentos, uma mobilidade mais sustentável, o equilíbrio ecológico e o lazer da população. Ao reconhecer relevância para a sustentabilidade urbana no conceito “CPUL”, a presente pesquisa voltou-se a investigar sua aplicação no contexto de pequenos municípios brasileiros. Desse modo, o objetivo principal da pesquisa foi o desenvolvimento de uma abordagem para o lançamento de uma “Paisagem Urbana Produtiva Contínua”, adaptada ao contexto do planejamento físico-territorial de municípios brasileiros de pequeno porte. A estratégia de pesquisa adotada foi a pesquisa construtiva, valendo-se de revisão de literatura, uma aplicação prática e dois ciclos de avaliação para a construção da abordagem. O município de Feliz, RS, foi o objeto de estudo empírico que serviu à aplicação da abordagem. Os resultados obtidos fundamentaram a construção de uma abordagem, que compreendeu a reunião sistemática de técnicas e procedimentos de planejamento simplificados para o lançamento de uma “CPUL” local. Ciclos de avaliação indicaram que a abordagem proposta poderia ser reproduzida, sem dificuldades, em municípios de pequeno porte. Contudo, foram identificadas muitas barreiras a serem enfrentadas em etapas posteriores de planejamento, até a implantação de um projeto “CPUL”. Ainda assim, o lançamento de uma “CPUL” inaugura um debate público mais amplo sobre a cidade, estimulando uma reflexão mais profunda dos atores envolvidos sobre o território, como foi observado em oficinas realizadas no município de Feliz. Nesse caso, o lançamento de uma “CPUL” local também é instrumento auxiliar para superar uma das principais barreiras identificadas: a conscientização da população. Assim, entende-se que os resultados desta pesquisa disponibilizam uma alternativa para orientar o início de um planejamento físico-territorial, potencialmente capaz de promover o desenvolvimento local sustentável de pequenas cidades.The global urbanization growth establishes a big challenge for a more sustainable future. The contemporary cities are responsible for the big impacts in social and environmental aspects of our lives, while do also suffer from the negative consequences of such circumstances. To transform sustainability a reality it requires rethinking the way we plan and produce our cities. In this context, Continuous Productive Urban Landscape (CPUL) is a recent concept of urban design, which aims at integrating sustainable infrastructure to the cities in a coherent manner. CPUL is also defined as a multifunctional landscape that simultaneously supports food production, more sustainable mobility, ecological balance and people leisure. This research recognizes the relevance of CPUL for urban sustainability and investigates the potential for its application into small Brazilian cities. The main research goal is the development of an approach to launch a CPUL suitable for the urban space planning of small Brazilian cities. The research strategy was a “constructive research”, based on literature review, a practical application and two evaluation cycles targeted at the approach development. Feliz (city situated in the State of Rio Grande do Sul) was chosen as the object of an empirical study for such approach. The obtained outcomes established the development of an approach, which comprises a systematic combination of simplified planning techniques and procedures for the launch of a local CPUL. Evaluation cycles indicated that the proposed approach could be easily reproduced in small cities within the research scope. However many barriers have been identified for the posterior phases of planning and implementation. Despite that, the launch of a CPUL initiates a broader public debate about the city, instigating a deeper reflection on participating actors about the territory, as it has been observed in workshops which took place in Feliz. In this case, the launch of a CPUL is also an auxiliary instrument to overcome one of the main barriers identified: people awareness. The research results provide an alternative to guide the urban space planning, which might potentially promote the local sustainable development in small cities.
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Guma, Juliana Lamana. "Planejamento e gestão urbanos em cidades pesquenas : um estudo sobre Benedito Novo e de Rio dos Cedros - SC." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/151331.
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A promulgação da Constituição Federal, em 1988, e do Estatuto da Cidade, em 2001, deram novos significados à Política Urbana Brasileira, tornando legalmente o Plano Diretor municipal o instrumento básico da política de expansão e desenvolvimento urbano das cidades brasileiras. Assim, além das cidades com mais de 20.000 habitantes, também aquelas com menor população, mas pertencentes a aglomerações urbanas, regiões metropolitanas, áreas de interesse turístico e ambiental ou de grandes empreendimentos passaram a necessitar elaborar seus planos diretores. Considerando que a rede urbana brasileira tem mais de 70% das suas cidades com até 20.000 habitantes, este trabalho discute o Planejamento e Gestão Urbanos nesses núcleos urbanos. O estudo de caso desenvolvido apresenta as cidades de Benedito Novo e Rio dos Cedros, localizadas no Médio Vale do Itajaí, no estado de Santa Catarina. A partir da análise da rede urbana na qual elas estão inseridas, dos processos de elaboração e revisão dos seus planos diretores, assim como do conteúdo das referidas leis buscou-se entender se o reconhecimento desses pequenos centros urbanos pelas políticas públicas federais, especificamente o Estatuto da Cidade, auxiliou no desenvolvimento urbano local.The promulgation of the Constitution in 1988 and the Statute of the City in 2001 gave new meanings to Brazilian Urban Policy, legally making the municipal Master Plan the basic instrument of the policy of expansion and urban development of cities. Thus, in addition to cities with over 20,000 inhabitants, also those with smaller population but belonging to urban agglomerations, metropolitan regions, areas of tourist and environmental interest or large enterprises now need to prepare their master plans. Whereas the Brazilian urban network has more than 70% of its cities with up to 20,000 inhabitants, this paper discusses the Urban Planning and Management in these urban centers. The developed case study presents the cities of Benedito Novo and Rio dos Cedros, located on Médio Vale do Itajaí, State of Santa Catarina. From the analysis of the urban network in which they are inserted, the drafting and review of its master plans, as well as the laws of such content we sought to understand whether the recognition of these small urban centers by federal public policies, specifically the City Statute, assists in local urban development.
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Jones, Dwyane Keith. "In search of digital equality in Mississippi's two largest cities an examination of the digital divide that exists between African and European American-owned small businesses in Jackson and Gulfport /." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2006. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04052006-023615.
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