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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Small crown

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Academic literature on the topic 'Small crown'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Small crown"

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Goelz, J. C. G. "Open-Grown Crown Radius of Eleven Bottomland Hardwood Species: Prediction and Use in Assessing Stocking." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 20, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/20.3.156.

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Abstract Equations were prepared to predict crown radius for eleven species of open-grown bottomland hardwood trees. Crown radius was predicted as a function of diameter at breast height (dbh) and as a function of dbh, total height, and crown ratio. Equations were prepared for individual species and species groups. Pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) has the largest crowns over a broad range of dbh. Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) has the smallest crowns for most levels of dbh. Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) has relatively small crowns for trees of small dbh, but crown radius is comparable to most species at the largest dbh. The crown radius predictions may be used to calculate crown competition factor. B-lines of stocking may be calculated that represent a stand of one species as well as a mixed-species stand of any particular species proportion. South. J. Appl. For. 20(3):156-161.

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Umeki, Kiyoshi. "A comparison of crown asymmetry between Piceaabies and Betulamaximowicziana." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-202.

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Morphological plasticity in terms of asymmetric display of crowns was compared between Piceaabies (L.) Karst. and Betulamaximowicziana Regel. To evaluate crown asymmetry in relation to local environment, a model that predicts crown asymmetry from topography and configuration of neighbors was applied to data derived from a mixed forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Betulamaximowicziana had greater crown asymmetry than P. abies in absolute value. However, observed crown asymmetry of both species was determined by local environment to similar degrees. Some other differences were found between the two species. Crowns of P. abies were more influenced by neighbors than topography, while crowns of B. maximowicziana were more influenced by topography than neighbors. Crowns of P. abies were influenced mainly by larger neighbors, while crowns of B. maximowicziana were influenced by large and by relatively small neighbors.

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Bykova, Iuliia Igorevna. "Small crowns of Russian empresses in the XVIII – early XIX centuries: creation, presence, artistic attributes." Культура и искусство, no. 9 (September 2020): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2020.9.33829.

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The object of this research is the small crowns of Russian empresses of the XVIII – early XIX century. The goal of this work consists in specification of circumstances of the creation and presence of small imperial crowns in Russia of that time, description of their artistic attributes, and analysis of these regalia as the works of jewelry art, considering stylistic evolution. For achieving the designated goal, the author applied comprehensive method of research based on the combination of art criticism and historical-cultural approach, referring to a range of sources: from unpublished archival documents and memoirs of contemporaries to visual material. The article clarifies the term “small” crown. Based on the archival documents, the author introduces into the scientific discourse the records on a number previously unknown small crowns, as well as specifies the circumstances of their creation along with names of the craftsmen. The artistic image of small Imperial crowns was analyzed for the first time. The conducted research demonstrates that in the XVIII century this image transformed under the influence of stylistic preferences in Russian artistic culture and due to the change of court jewelers who belonged to different schools of jewelry art. In the XIX century, influenced by the national ideas and according to the already established state ceremonial, which tends to traditionalism, the exterior of small crowns was fully oriented towards the small crown of 1797.

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Warmund, Michele R. "Ice Distribution in `Earliglow' Strawberry Crowns and Tissue Recovery following Extracellular Freezing." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 5 (September 1993): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.5.644.

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`Earliglow' strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duchesne) plants were frozen to -5 or -50C to examine the distribution of ice in the crowns. Anatomical studies were also performed to characterize tissue growth in a greenhouse at 4, 8, and 15 weeks after freezing to -5C. Ice masses observed in fresh crown tissue corresponded to the presence of extracellular tissue voids in specimens fixed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Voids were present near the peduncle and adjacent to the vascular system in crown tissue. After plants were grown in the greenhouse, cell division and enlargement were observed near the voids in crowns subjected to -5C. By 15 weeks after freezing, a few small extracellular voids remained in the crowns. Tissue voids were also present in crowns of plants frozen rapidly to -50C and subsequently thawed. Cells in the crown of these plants were intact and did not appear collapsed after exposure to -50C, a lethal temperature.

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Warmund, Michele R. "STRAWBERRY GROWTH FOLLOWING A SUB-LETHAL FREEZE." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 654f—654. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.654f.

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`Earliglow' strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants were frozen to -5C to examine the distribution of ice in the crowns. Anatomical studies were also performed to characterize tissue growth in a greenhouse at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after freezing to -5C. Ice masses observed in fresh crown tissue corresponded to the presence of extracellular tissue voids in specimens fixed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Voids were present near the peduncle and adjacent to the vascular system in crown tissue. After plants were grown in the greenhouse, cell division and enlargement were observed near the voids in crowns subjected to -5C. By 15 weeks after freezing, a few small extracellular voids remained in the crowns.

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Engle, David M., Jimmy F. Stritzke, and P. Larry Claypool. "Effect of Paraquat Plus Prescribed Burning on Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana)." Weed Technology 2, no. 2 (April 1988): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00030347.

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Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) was evaluated as a pretreatment for eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L. # IUPVI) before spring burning in tallgrass prairie. Wetting sprays of paraquat at 0.3 g ai/L or 0.6 g/L were applied to crowns of small (0.8 to 1.5 m), medium (1.5 to 2.5 m), and large (2.5 to 5.0 m) eastern redcedar trees in August 1983 and 1984 before prescribed burns in the springs of 1984 and 1985. Paraquat alone at the 0.6 g/L concentration killed about 90% of the crown of small trees but as little as 30% of the crown of large trees. Paraquat pretreatments increased post-fire damage to small- and medium-size trees and partially compensated for light fine fuel loading.

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Gao, Huilin, Jian Feng, You Yin, Wanjin Hu, Yang Qu, and Mingguo Liu. "Effect of strip shelterwood-cuts on the crown morphology plasticity of natural regenerated Pinus tabuliformis saplings in northeastern China." PeerJ 8 (August 26, 2020): e9826. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9826.

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The study analysed the effect of shelterwood-cut strips on the outermost crown profiles and crown characteristics of naturally regenerated Pinus tabuliformis saplings in northeastern China. A total of 49 regenerated saplings from shelterwood-cut strips and 30 from uncut strips were collected. Nonlinear quantile regression was used to develop the outermost crown profile model for the saplings from the shelterwood-cut and uncut strips. The quantile value suitable for describing the outermost crown profiles of the two types of strips was selected using nonparametric boundary regression. The difference in crown morphologies between the shelterwood-cut strips and uncut strips was compared. The results showed that with the same diameter at breast height, the crown radii of the uncut strip saplings were larger than those of the shelterwood-cut strip saplings within the range of 0.2–1.0 for the relative depth into the crown. The largest crown radius of the saplings from the uncut strips was larger than that of the saplings from the shelterwood-cut strips. The inflection points of the shelterwood-cut strip sapling crowns were larger than those of the uncut strip sapling crowns. The crown volume of the small uncut strip saplings was larger than that of the shelterwood-cut strip saplings, and the difference in crown volume decreased with increasing sapling size. The saplings in the early stage of the uncut strips showed a greater growth rate than those of the shelterwood-cut strips, but their growth rate slowed over the long term according to branch-length annual growth. The present study provides a reference for forest management strategy decision making in promoting natural regeneration.

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Savoie, Rodrique, André Rodrigue, Marie Pigeon-Gosselin, and Robert Chênevert. "Synthesis and vibrational spectra of complexes of small carboxylic acids with 18-crown-6." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 1457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-249.

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The neutral-component complexes (HCOOH)3•(18-crown-6)2, (CH3COOH)2•18-crown-6, and various halogenated CH3COOH/18-crown-6 adducts have been isolated and studied by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The halogenated (F, Cl, and Br) derivatives, which occur as (acid•water)x•18-crown-6(x = 1 or 2) adducts, probably have a structure which is similar to that of the known CH2(CN)COOH•H2O•18-crown-6 complex.

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Rodríguez y Silva, Francisco, Mercedes Guijarro, Javier Madrigal, Enrique Jiménez, Juan R. Molina, Carmen Hernando, Ricardo Vélez, and Jose A. Vega. "Assessment of crown fire initiation and spread models in Mediterranean conifer forests by using data from field and laboratory experiments." Forest Systems 26, no. 2 (July 24, 2017): e02S. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2017262-10652.

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Aims of study: To conduct the first full-scale crown fire experiment carried out in a Mediterranean conifer stand in Spain; to use different data sources to assess crown fire initiation and spread models, and to evaluate the role of convection in crown fire initiation.Area of study: The Sierra Morena mountains (Coordinates ETRS89 30N: X: 284793-285038; Y: 4218650-4218766), southern Spain, and the outdoor facilities of the Lourizán Forest Research Centre, northwestern Spain.Material and methods: The full-scale crown fire experiment was conducted in a young Pinus pinea stand. Field data were compared with data predicted using the most used crown fire spread models. A small-scale experiment was developed with Pinus pinaster trees to evaluate the role of convection in crown fire initiation. Mass loss calorimeter tests were conducted with P. pinea needles to estimate residence time of the flame, which was used to validate the crown fire spread model.Main results: The commonly used crown fire models underestimated the crown fire spread rate observed in the full-scale experiment, but the proposed new integrated approach yielded better fits. Without wind-forced convection, tree crowns did not ignite until flames from an intense surface fire contacted tree foliage. Bench-scale tests based on radiation heat flux therefore offer a limited insight to full-scale phenomena.Research highlights: Existing crown fire behaviour models may underestimate the rate of spread of crown fires in many Mediterranean ecosystems. New bench-scale methods based on flame buoyancy and more crown field experiments allowing detailed measurements of fire behaviour are needed.

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Ashton, P. Mark S., Lydia P. Olander, Graeme P. Berlyn, Rajesh Thadani, and Ian R. Cameron. "Changes in leaf structure in relation to crown position and tree size of Betula papyrifera within fire-origin stands of interior cedar-hemlock." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 1180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-128.

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Dimensions of anatomical and morphological attributes of leaves can influence physiological response to changes in environment over time. Linking structural attributes of leaves to crown position and tree size within naturally developing cohorts of trees can provide a clearer understanding of changes in crown morphology for a species. This study examined leaf anatomy and morphology of Betula papyrifera Marsh. growing in two stages of stand development of interior cedar-hemlock forest, northern British Columbia. Anatomical and morphological measurements of leaves located at six different positions within the crown were made on trees selected from stands that originated 15 years (small tree size) and 145 years (large tree size) after catastrophic fire. Leaf area and mass were measured in the field. Microscopic measures were made in the laboratory of thicknesses of leaves, cuticle, upper and lower epidermis, palisade, and spongy mesophyll. Stomatal density and stomatal aperture lengths were also determined. Leaf anatomy and morphology varied significantly with position in the crown and among size-classes of trees. Changes in leaf anatomy observed among positions within the crown reflect the changing availability of light and moisture experienced during crown development. For both size-classes of tree the largest anatomical dimensions of leaves were at the outer and uppermost parts of the crown, whilst the smallest were at the lower and innermost parts. Foliage of large trees (145 years) exhibit leaf attributes characteristic of the sun-shade dichotomy reported in the literature, but this was not shown for foliage of young saplings (15 years). For the small trees (15 years) the largest leaves were located at the top of the crown while the smallest were located at the bottom. This has been reported for many tropical pioneers but is in contrast to the usual sun-shade dichotomy of temperate pioneers. The large trees (145 years) followed the typical pattern with the smallest leaves at the top of the crown. Information from this study contributes to our understanding of foliar development of tree crowns by demonstrating how leaf structure changes with crown position and tree size under stand competition.Key words: Betula papyrifera, British Columbia, crown development, cuticle thickness, leaf area, palisade mesophyll, paper birch, stand dynamics.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Small crown"

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Patel, Hitesh Kumar. "Studies towards synthetic receptors for small peptides." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240948.

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Suzuki, Arata. "Crown architecture development and reproduction in dioecious small tree, Eurya japonica Thunb. (Theaceae)." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149893.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第9601号
農博第1229号
新制||農||840(附属図書館)
学位論文||H14||N3633(農学部図書室)
UT51-2002-G359
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授菊澤喜八郎, 教授杉浦明, 教授藤崎憲治
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Schap, Julia, and Joshua X. Dr Samuels. "Ecometric Estimation of Present and Past Climate of North America Using Crown Heights of Rodents and Lagomorphs: With Application to the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/57.

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Through the last 60 million years (Ma) there were well-documented climate and habitat changes across North America. Continental and regional scale studies on ungulate (hooved mammals) tooth crown heights in relation to climate and habitat changes have documented an increase in tooth height as environments became more arid to combat a highly abrasive diet of fibrous plants and grit. Based on the relationships between crown height and climate, several studies have used taxon free methods to estimate past precipitation from fossil ungulates. Small mammals have also been shown to adapt to changing habitats, with specializations for life in open habitats appearing millions of years earlier than larger mammals. Utilizing taxon free methods, this study compared the crown heights of rodents and lagomorphs (rabbits and pika) from across North America to climate variables, including both temperature and precipitation. Studying small mammals allows examination of local changes to climate and can be informative of what is to be expected in regional communities if modern warming trends continue. Using ArcMap, modern climate data and mammal faunal lists for 100 random points were compiled and generated across North America. Crown heights of species were categorized and mean crown height for the community was calculated for each site. Linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between crown height and climate variables. Using ArcMap and ordinary kriging, maps were generated of predicted climate for all of North America and compared to known climate data. In general, the North-South gradient of temperature and the Northwest to Southeast gradient of precipitation was captured in predicted maps showing agreement with known climate maps. Regressions were also used to predict climate for 72 well-known fossil sites from the late Eocene (~37 Ma) to Pleistocene (~1.9 Ma) of North America, generating estimates of temperature and precipitation for many sites with no prior climate estimates. Results show strong correlation between rodent and lagomorph crown heights and temperature and precipitation variables. Temperature variables were more strongly correlated to tooth crown heights than precipitation. Overall, a decrease in precipitation and temperature was found across North America from 37 Ma to the present, consistent with prior paleoclimate records from other regional and global proxies. Application to detailed regional records from the Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (around 15 Ma, during the early Barstovian land mammal age), which was a pronounced period of warming comparable to the warming we see today, showed regional variation in responses to warming. Tooth crown height increased in California and Nebraska before Oregon, showing climate did not change uniformly across North America similarly to what would be expected in modern warming. Using the method proposed in this study, past and future regional climate trends, as well as biotic responses to those changing climate trends can be better understood.

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Wilson, G. B. "Small scale evolutionary changes in the molar crown of rodents from the Isle of Wight, England and Masada del Valle, Spain : a multivariate morphometric study." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355145.

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Low, Chun Yu Danny. "Prediction of the dimensional accuracy of small extra-coronal titanium castings." University of Sydney, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4655.

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Master of Science in Dentistry
This work was digitised and made available on open access by the University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry and Sydney eScholarship . It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the Faculty will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - ses@library.usyd.edu.au

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Hoteit, Sahar. "Resource and crowd management in mobile networks." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066245/document.

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L’Internet a été initialement conçu pour servir des usages fixes et sédentaires, cependant les projections montrent que les futurs utilisateurs d'Internet seront de plus en plus mobiles. A l'heure actuelle, la rapidité avec laquelle cette évolution se déroule et la gestion souvent insuffisante des réseaux d'accès représentent un obstacle majeur au développement de services avancés. Afin de résoudre ces problèmes et répondre aux besoins de l'Internet mobile, les fournisseurs de services ont besoin de maîtriser l'expansion de la capacité nécessaire dans leurs réseaux de collecte, sinon le trafic de donnés va pouvoir boucher leurs réseaux dans le futur. Le déploiement des nouvelles générations de réseaux fournit des hautes bandes passantes et débits mais implique souvent des grandes dépenses en capital et en exploitation. Une alternative économiquement et techniquement viable est représentée par les solutions de déchargement du trafic mobile. Ces solutions peuvent réduire la surcharge sur le spectre radio et sur les stations de base et sur le réseau de collecte. Les solutions de déchargement les plus couramment utilisées sont le déchargement sur les réseaux de femtocellules et les réseaux Wi-Fi. Dans le même contexte, pour résoudre le problème de congestion dans le réseau cellulaire, une nouvelle solution est récemment apparue: Information Centric networking permettant la mise en cache des contenus dans le réseau ce qui minimise le temps d'accès aux contenus. L'objectif de cette thèse est donc d'étudier ces nouvelles solutions de déchargement de trafic et de contenu dans les réseaux cellulaires en prenant en considération les schémas de mobilité et les comportements humains
The Internet was initially conceived to serve fix and sedentary usages, while current socio-technological trends clearly show that future Internet users will be increasingly mobile and nomadic. At present, the speed at which this evolution takes place and the inadequate management of access networks represent a major obstacle in the development of advanced services. To solve these problems and to meet the needs of mobile Internet, service providers need to master the needed capacity expansion in their backhauling network, otherwise the data traffic will clog their networks in the future. Next-generation network deployments promise to deliver higher bandwidth and speed, but they often imply high capital and operational expenditures. An alternative economically and technically viable way is represented by mobile data offloading solutions. These solutions can reduce the load on radio spectrum, on base stations and on backhauling network. The most commonly used offloading solutions are over small-networks and over Wi-Fi networks. In the same context, and in order to solve the problem of congestion in the cellular network, a new solution has emerged recently : Information Centric Networking for in-network caching that permits to minimize content access latency. The objective of this thesis is to study these new traffic and content offloading solutions in cellular networks while taking into account the mobility patterns and human behavior

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De, Groot Broer. "Synthesis, characterization and complexation of small and large crown thioethers." 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/16837.

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Books on the topic "Small crown"

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Schnurr, William. Canada's crown financial institutions: Small business boost or bonanza? [Toronto]: Centre for the Study of State & Market, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1997.

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A crown and a cross: The rise, development and decline of the Methodist class meeting in eighteenth century England. Eugene, Or: Wipf & Stock, 2010.

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Canada. Bill: An act to authorize township municipalities to purchase wet lands from the crown. Ottawa: Hunter, Rose, 2001.

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Canada. Bill: An act to amend the law relating to crown debtors in Upper Canada. Ottawa: Hunter, Rose, 2001.

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SEC's crowdfunding proposal: Will it work for small businesses? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Investigations, Oversight and Regulations of the Committee on Small Business, United States House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, hearing held January 16, 2014. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.

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When hens crow: The woman's rights movement in antebellum America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995.

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The everything guide to crowdfunding: Learn how to use social media for small-business funding : understand crowd psychology : gain an online presence : create a successful crowdfunding campaign : promote your campaign to reach hidden funding sources. Avon, Mass: Adams Media, 2013.

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Spring, Kathleen. Small Towns, Detroit's Crown. Spring Times, 1997.

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Half A Crown (Small Change). Corsair, 2001.

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Refurbishment of a small surburban public house: The Crown, Sedgley, Wolverhampton. Watford: Building ResearchEstablishment, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Small crown"

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Sachleben, Richard A., and Bruce A. Moyer. "Ligand Design for Small Cations: The Li+/14-Crown-4 System." In ACS Symposium Series, 114–32. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0716.ch007.

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Doan, N., L. Truong, J. Doan, and P. Reher. "Overcoming Single Dental Implant Failure Using Two Small Implant Support for One Crown: Five Year Retrospective Study." In IFMBE Proceedings, 289–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5859-3_51.

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Gower, Adam. "Small Change: Eve Picker." In Leaders of the Crowd, 143–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00383-8_14.

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Aberra, Faten N., and Gary R. Lichtenstein. "Crohn Disease." In Practical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: Small and Large Intestine and Pancreas, 225–35. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444328417.ch33.

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Li, Yujie, and Shinya Takahashi. "Small Object Tracking in High Density Crowd Scenes." In Cognitive Internet of Things: Frameworks, Tools and Applications, 497–505. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04946-1_48.

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Guerzoni, Marco, Dario Peirone, Ivana Pais, and Angelo Miglietta. "The Emerging Crowdfunding Market in Italy: Are “the Crowd” Friends of Mine?" In FGF Studies in Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 87–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18017-5_6.

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Gossel, Britta M., Dennis Brüntje, and Andreas Will. "Crowd and Society: Outlining a Research Programme on the Societal Relevance and the Potential of Crowdfunding." In FGF Studies in Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 55–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18017-5_4.

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Filipova, Lenka. "Small-scale farming and the ethics of proximity in Wendell Berry's Jayber Crow." In Ecocriticism and the Sense of Place, 37–57. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003162568-2.

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Burkard, Simon, Frank Fuchs-Kittowski, and Anna O’Faolain de Bhroithe. "Mobile Crowd Sensing of Water Level to Improve Flood Forecasting in Small Drainage Areas." In Environmental Software Systems. Computer Science for Environmental Protection, 124–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89935-0_11.

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Williams, Roger L. "Letters forty-nine to eighty-eight cover four years: beginning in late 1781 with Villars’ move from Le Noyer to Grenoble to accept appointment as Medécin titulaire de l’hôpital militaire breveté du Roi, ending in late 1785 when the initial volume ofHistoire des plantes du Dauphiné; was in press. The new position brought Villars an additional 800 livres a year, as he was privileged to retain the pension of 1000 livres granted by the intendant. This recognized both his continuing work in botany and his need to pay for a second domicile in Grenoble. Even though Villars continued to give his annual series of botanical lectures, which would seem to have been a justification for additional remuneration, his relative wealth seems to have sparked jealousy within the small medical staff To make matters more uncomfortable for him, he found a disagreeable rivalry between the physicians and surgeons of the city and the Brothers of Charity who administered the hospital for the crown, led by Father Dominique Durand, a surgeon.278 One can only surmise that, under such circumstances, the continuing peaceful and congenial association with Father Chaix provided Villars with more than a valued botanical collaboration. [1781–1785]." In The Letters of Dominique Chaix, Botanist-Curé, 88–160. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5490-1_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Small crown"

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Inada, Yuya, and Junya Tanaka. "Lubricating Oil Droplets from Piston Crown on Abnormal Combustion in Supercharged SI Engine." In Small Powertrain and Energy Systems Technology Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-32-2302.

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Kohler, Robert, Tri Nguyen, and Jeffrey McBroom. "Removal of Calcified Plaque Utilizing Orbital Atherectomy." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-4209.

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Arterial disease occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries and limits flow of oxygen-rich blood to organs and other parts of the body reducing organ function. Atherectomy is a mechanical process in which plaque is removed from artery walls or modified to change vessel compliance. Various types of atherectomy systems exist to remove or modify plaque depending on plaque morphology. Orbital atherectomy (Diamondback 360® Orbital Atherectomy System) is a sanding process utilizing a diamond abrasive crown mounted eccentrically to a flexible drive shaft. The effects of rotational speed, crown size, centrifugal forces and run time were evaluated. Finite element modeling and bench testing using carbon as a calcified plaque surrogate material were used. The crown-simulated vessel wall force was calculated using a finite element model that included a rigid vessel wall and a rotating crown. Results show a small force when the crown begins to rotate at lower speeds, that increases to a peak force at maximum speed, and decreases as the orbit diameter increases with material removal. A design of experiments plan was created and used to quantify the effects of crown size rotation speed and number of treatment passes on lumen diameter. Increasing the crown diameter increased lumen diameter nonlinearly at an increasing rate with crown rotation speed in the carbon model. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the particulate material removed in the bench test demonstrated brittle fracture as the mode of material removal of the carbon surrogate.

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Sego, T. J., Yung-Ting Hsu, Tien-Min Gabriel Chu, and Andres Tovar. "Towards the Optimal Crown-to-Implant Ratio in Dental Implants." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67889.

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Short dental implants are commonly recommended to be implemented with small crown-to-implant (C/I) ratios due to their mechanical stability — decreasing C/I ratios cause less deformation in skeletal tissue under occlusal force. However, the long-term stability of short implants with high C/I ratios remains a controversial issue due to biomechanical complications. This study evaluates the strain distribution and functional implications in an implant-supported crown with various C/I ratios using a high-fidelity, nonlinear finite-element model. Several clinical scenarios are simulated by loading implants with various implant lengths (IL) and crown heights (CH). Strain distribution and maximum equivalent strain are analyzed to evaluate the effects and significance of CH, IL, and the C/I ratio. The study shows underloading for certain implant configurations with high C/I ratio. Increasing IL and decreasing C/I in moderation demonstrates a positive effect in long-term stability.

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Memme, Silvio, and James S. Wallace. "The Influence of Thermal Barrier Coating Surface Roughness on Spark-Ignition Engine Performance and Emissions." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92078.

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The separate effects on heat transfer of 1) piston crown surface finish and 2) the use of a metal based thermal barrier coating (MTBC) on the piston crown of a spark ignition (SI) engine were quantified through experimental analysis in a single cylinder CFR engine. Measured engine parameters such as power, fuel consumption, emissions and cylinder pressure were used to identify the effects of the coating and its surface finish. Two piston coatings were tested: a baseline copper coating and a metal-based thermal barrier coating. Each coating was tested at multiple surface finishes. Tests showed that reducing surface roughness of both coatings increased in-cylinder temperature and pressure as a result of reduced heat transfer through the piston crown. For both coatings, this resulted in small improvements (∼3%) in power and fuel consumption, while also having a measurable effect on emissions. Oxides of nitrogen emissions increased while total hydrocarbon emissions generally decreased as a result of polishing. The polished coatings were also seen to increase in-cylinder peak pressures and burn rates. Improvements attributed to the TBC were found to be small, but statistically significant. At an equivalent surface finish, the MTBC-coated piston produced slightly higher power output and peak pressures. Hydrocarbon emissions were also seen to be significantly higher for the MTBC-coated piston due to its porosity. The effectiveness of the coating was found to be highly dependent on surface finish.

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Jones, Justin. "Finite Element Analysis of the Effect of Twist on Chain Fatigue Performance." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95276.

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Abstract Mooring chains may be installed with twist or become twisted during service. This paper describes an investigation of the effect of a range of twist angles on the fatigue life of studless chain through the use of detailed finite element analysis. The analysis includes the local contact patch deformation and residual stress state that results from plasticity during the proof testing of the chain. The effect of high in-service tension resulting from storms that produces additional plasticity when the chain is loaded in the twisted state is also included. The change in fatigue life at the crown, inner bend and around the contact patch are assessed. Local to the contact patch the fatigue life calculation includes an assessment of the multiaxial stress state. For small angles of twist the calculated fatigue life at the crown and around the contact increases and that at the inner bend sees a marginal reduction. At twist angles above 12 to 14 degrees per link the calculated inner bend and contact patch fatigue lives reduce markedly with increasing twist, but the crown fatigue life continues to increase.

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Tropea, Cam, and Ilia V. Roisman. "Spray Impact Onto a Rigid Wall: Modelling Strategy." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31392.

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The common approach to the modelling of spray impact is to treat the phenomenon as a simple superposition of single drop impact events [1]. The main input for such model formulation is obtained either from experimental [2,3] or theoretical [4,5,6] studies of the impact of a single drop onto a dry wall, onto a uniform, undisturbed liquid film or into a deep pool [7]. However, in [8] it was shown that this conventional approach is not universal in the description of the spray impact and that in the case of relatively dense sprays, the interaction of crowns (Fig. 1) and the oscillations of the liquid-wall film must be taken into account. For example, these interactions result in the emerging of uprising jets during spray impingement of the diesel spray (see Fig. 2). In the study of spray impact we have chosen the following strategy of the modelling: 1. Description (experimental and theoretical) of single dropimpact. Determining of the parameters influencing the splash. 2. Description of the interaction of two drops on the wall surface. 3. Determining of the parameters of the single drop impacts influencing the dynamics of the film formed on the wall. Characterization of the film: the time averaged thickness, the time averaged velocity and its fluctuations. 4. Description of the influence of the oscillating motion of the film on the outcome from a single drop impact. Single drop impact onto a wetted wall—The motion of a kinematic discontinuity in the liquid film on the wall due to the drop impact, the formation of the uprising jet at this kinematic discontinuity and its elevation are analyzed. The theory [4] for the propagation of the kinematic discontinuity is generalized for the case of arbitrary velocity vectors in the inner and outer liquid films on the wall. Next, the mass, momentum balance and Bernoulli equations at the base of the crown are considered to obtain the velocity and the thickness of the jet on the wall. An analytical solution for the crown shape is obtained in the asymptotic case of such high impact velocities that the surface tension and the viscosity effects can be neglected in comparison to inertial effects. The edge of the crown is described by the motion of a rim, formed due to the surface tension. The theoretical predictions of the height of the crown are compared with experiments. The agreement is rather good in spite of the fact that no adjustable parameters are used (see Fig. 3). Three different cases are considered: normal axisymmetric impact of a single drop, oblique impact of a single drop, and impact and interaction of two drops. Next, two new parameters of single drop impact influencing the dynamics of the film formed due to the polydisperse spray impact are identified. The first one is associated with the relative presence of the crown on the film surface and allowing one to estimate the probability of crown interactions. The second parameter is associated with the axial momentum in the plane of the wall. Time-averaged film motion—The theory of the creation of the film by spray can be subdivided into three main parts: 1. The characterization of the spray, particularly definition of the flux vectors of scalar properties (number flux vector, volume flux vector, etc.) and the momentum flux tensor. 2. Boundary conditions at the time-averaged spray/film boundary. 3. Dynamics of the film motion on the wall. The mass and momentum equations of the film are formulated accounting for the volume flux of the spray, the dynamic pressure, and the time-averaged stress vector at the film “free” surface caused by the inertia of the spray. The inertial terms of the liquid in the film contains of the inertia of the time-averaged motion and the inertia of film oscillations. These oscillations are modelled as an ensemble of the radial flows in the film associated with the single drop impacts. The probability of the crown interactions is also taken into account. Jetting at the film surface due to impingement of a dense spray—Here we consider impact of such dense sprays that the probability of single crown to propagate without interaction with another crown is very small. The non-uniformities in the dynamic pressure in such sprays yields the significant fluctuations in the film velocity leading to the shocks and jetting (as in the case of the diesel spray impact shown in Fig. 2). We describe the statistically averaged distribution of drop impacts around a given drop assuming that all the impacting drops are distributed randomly in space and in time. The statistically averaged dynamic pressure around given drop is not uniform either in the time or in the radial direction. The self-similar solution for the statistically averaged radial velocity in the film and its thickness (Fig. 4) is obtained. The characteristic time of the instant of shock is estimated. The theoretical predictions of the jets diameter agree with the experimental data in the order of the magnitude.

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Egashira, Kai, Keishi Yamaguchi, and Minoru Ota. "Performance Improvement of Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding Using PCD Micropin Tools." In JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8552.

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Abstract In the present study it was attempted to improve the performance of ultrasonic-assisted grinding using polycrystalline diamond (PCD) micropin tools processed by electrical discharge machining. The micropins acted as grinding tools because the convex parts of discharge craters can serve as cutting edges of abrasive grains in grinding wheels. The drilling conditions to prevent chippings and cracks on the hole edge were experimentally determined and then employed for the drilling of microholes less than 10 μm in diameter. As a result, microholes as small as 5.5 μm in diameter were successfully drilled in hard and brittle materials such as crown glass and monocrystalline silicon. The high wear resistance of PCD improved the tool life, making it possible to mill trenches and to mass-produce holes using a small number of tools. Moreover, the tool life was further improved by processing the tool peripheral surface at a low electrical discharge energy.

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Zhang, Feng, and Arif S. Malik. "Efficient Prediction of Contact Behavior in a 6-High Rolling Mill With Continuously Variable Crown Intermediate Rolls." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-3058.

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Continuously Variable Crown (CVC) shifting mechanisms represent a control technology with wide range of capability to influence the thickness profile and flatness (shape) of metal strip and sheet in rolling-type manufacturing processes. Further, because of the efficiency and extensive control capability to operate on thin-gauge, high-strength ferrous alloys, the 6-high mill with CVC profiles machined onto the intermediate rolls (IR) represents a popular mill configuration. This is because of the large control range for the strip thickness profile and flatness, which results from lateral shifting of the CVC intermediate rolls. However, together with this efficiency and capability comes very complex contact behaviors between the rolls and strip, including highly non-linear contact force distribution, loss of contact, asymmetric roll wear, unwanted strip wedge profiles, and the need to apply corrective roll tilting. Therefore, for most effective industry use of 6-high mills with intermediate roll CVC shifting, a rapid and accurate mathematical rolling model is needed to predict and account for these complex contact behaviors. This paper introduces an efficient roll-stack computational model capable of simulating such rolling mills under steady-state conditions. The model formulation applies the simplified mixed finite element method (SM-FEM), which is adapted to simulate asymmetric 6-high CVC mill contact behaviors. Results for a specific case study compare favorably to those obtained from a large-scale commercial finite element simulation, yet require a small fraction of the associated computational time and effort.

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Been, J., R. Eadie, and R. Sutherby. "Prediction of Environmentally Assisted Cracking on Gas and Liquid Pipelines." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10345.

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A model has been developed to predict crack growth on pipelines from environmentally assisted cracking in near-neutral pH environments (often-termed low-pH stress corrosion cracking (SCC)). The model is based on the results of cyclic loading experiments and is used in conjunction with pressure time variations in the pipeline determined from the operating SCADA records to predict the growth of an assumed existing crack in the pipe. The crack grows through different crack growth regimes, which are determined by the size of the pressure variations and the instantaneous crack dimensions. For a growing crack that experiences relatively high pressure fluctuations, as often encountered on liquid lines, reasonable crack growth predictions were made based on corrosion fatigue. An approach based on crack tip strain rate appears more suitable for the prediction of crack growth of small cracks and for cracks on gas lines with small pressure fluctuations. The model is designed so that the effect of stress intensifiers (like the long seam weld crown) that are often associated with these failures can be included. The model can be used in its present format for prioritizing inspections on both gas and liquid pipelines. Whereas predicted crack growth rates compare favorably with rates measured in the field, further work is required to incorporate additional mechanical and environmental effects, in particular to improve the prediction of small crack growth rates. Low crack velocities may be possible in the presence of small pressure fluctuations and low frequencies, but they may be less probable.

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Kawasaki, Kazumasa, Isamu Tsuji, and Hiroshi Gunbara. "Tooth Contact Analysis and Manufacture on Multi-Tasking Machine of Large-Sized Straight Bevel Gears." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48760.

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Straight bevel gears are widely used in the plant of large-sized power generation when the gears have large size. The purpose of this study is to manufacture the large-sized straight bevel gears with equi-depth on multi-tasking machine. The manufacturing method has the advantages of arbitrary modification of the tooth surface and machining of the part without the tooth surface. For this study, first the mathematical model of straight bevel gears by complementary crown gears considering manufacture on multi-tasking machine is proposed, and the tooth contact pattern and transmission errors of these straight bevel gears with modified tooth surfaces are analyzed in order to clarify the meshing and contact of these gears. Next, the numerical coordinates on the tooth surfaces of the bevel gears are calculated and the tooth profiles are modeled using a 3D-CAD system. 5-axis control machines were utilized. The gear-work was machining by a swarf cutting using a coated carbide end mill. After rough cutting, the gear-work was heat-treated, and it was finished based on a CAM process through the calculated numerical coordinates. The pinion was also machined similarly. The real tooth surfaces were measured using a coordinate measuring machine and the tooth flank form errors were detected using the measured coordinates. As a result, the obtained tooth flank form errors were small. In addition, the tooth contact pattern of the manufactured large-sized straight bevel gears was compared with those of tooth contact analysis. As a result, there was good agreement.

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