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Journal articles on the topic 'Small diameter trees'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Italiano, G. F., and R. Ramaswami. "Maintaining Spanning Trees of Small Diameter." Algorithmica 22, no. 3 (1998): 275–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00009225.

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2

Ward, Jeffrey S. "Crop-Tree Release Increases Growth of Black Birch (Betula lenta L.) in Southern New England." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 2 (2007): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.2.117.

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Abstract Black birch (Betula lenta L.) has become an increasingly important component of northeastern forests in recent decades. In 1996ߝ97, plots were established in five stands to examine diameter and volume growth response of black birch to crop-tree release. The stands were from 20 to 99 years old, and mean crop-tree diameters ranged from 4.8 to 13.8 in. Growth of crop trees was monitored for 8 years. Over the 8-year period, diameter and volume growth of completely released poles (4.6ߝ10.5 in. in diameter) were twice that of unreleased poles. Increased growth was noted the 1st year after r

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3

Sullivan, Thomas P., Harry Coates, Les A. Jozsa, and Paul K. Diggle. "Influence of feeding damage by small mammals on tree growth and wood quality in young lodgepole pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 5 (1993): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-104.

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This study assessed the impact of feeding injuries by snowshoe hare (Lepusamericanus Erxleben) and red squirrel (Tamiasciurushudsonicus Erxleben) on diameter growth, height growth, and wood quality of juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var latifolia Engelm.) at Prince George and in the Cariboo Region, British Columbia. In the Prince George control stand, severe girdling damage (50–99% stem circumference) suppressed diameter and height growth of small-diameter (4.1–6.0 cm) trees, but had no effect on larger stems (6.1–8.0 cm). In the spaced stand, diameter and height increments also

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4

Petráš, R., J. Mecko, and V. Nociar. "Diameter structure of the stands of poplar clones." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 4 (2010): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/65/2009-jfs.

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The construction of a continuous mathematical model of frequency distributions of the diameters of trees of poplar clones Robusta and I-214 in dependence on tree diameter and mean diameter of stand is presented. Empirical material consists of diameter measurements on research plots from poplar regions in Slovakia. There were 90 plots for I-214 clone and 142 plots for Robusta clone. There were about 10&ndash;250 trees with mean diameter 2&ndash;70 cm on the research plots. The model was derived according to the three-parameter Weibull function. Its parameters were estimated by maximum l

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5

Lappi, Juha. "Calibration of Height and Volume Equations with Random Parameters." Forest Science 37, no. 3 (1991): 781–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/37.3.781.

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Abstract A new method for using sample tree heights and diameters to calibrate (localize) height/diameter and volume/diameter equations for a given stand is presented and illustrated with Scots pine data. The height/diameter and volume/diameter equations are assumed to contain random parameters that vary from stand to stand. The means, variances and both within-equation and between-equation covariances of the random parameters are estimated using data where volumes of trees from several stands are accurately measured. In applications, the random parameters of the height and volume equations of

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6

Hallman, Christine, Scott Parkinson, and Rex Adams. "LIMB: A Mini-Borer for Sampling Small-Diameter Trees." Tree-Ring Research 62, no. 2 (2006): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3959/1536-1098-62.2.83.

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7

Bahls, Patrick, and T. Scott Spencer. "On the Ramsey Numbers of Trees with Small Diameter." Graphs and Combinatorics 29, no. 1 (2011): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00373-011-1098-y.

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8

Jalil, Abd-Majid, Hazandy Abdul-Hamid, Sahrim-Lias, et al. "Assessment of the Effects of Artificial Fungi Inoculations on Agarwood Formation and Sap Flow Rate of Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. Using Sonic Tomography (SoT) and Sap Flow Meter (SFM)." Forests 13, no. 10 (2022): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101731.

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Agarwood is a valuable aromatic resinous wood that is biosynthesised when a fungal attack injures the healthy wood tissue of the Aquilaria tree. The magnitude of infection related to sap flow (SF) is one of the most critical functional traits to evaluate the tree’s response to various adverse conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of sonic tomography (SoT) and sap flow meter (SFM) in studying the influence of inoculation fungi Pichia kudriavzevii Boidin, Pignal and Besson, and Paecilomyces niveus Stolk and Samson, on deteriorated wood (Dt) and SF

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9

Lauderdale, Daniel M., Charles H. Gilliam, Donald J. Eakes, Gary J. Keever, and Arthur H. Chappelka. "Tree Transplant Size Influences Post-Transplant Growth, Gas Exchange, and Leaf Water Potential Of ‘October Glory’ Red Maple." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 13, no. 4 (1995): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-13.4.178.

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Abstract Effects of red maple transplant size [3.8 cm (1.5 in, small) and 7.6 cm (3.0 in, large) trunk diameter] on growth were evaluated at park and residential planting sites in Mobile, AL, during 1993 and 1994. Gas exchange and leaf water potential of transplants were monitored. Small trees had greater shoot elongation than large trees during both growing seasons. In 1994, small trees had greater height increases than large trees. Trunk diameter increases of small transplants were twice those of large transplants in 1994. Photosynthesis, leaf conductance, transpiration, and water use effici

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10

Li, Shangyang, Luming Fang, Yuanjing Sun, Lei Xia, and Xiongwei Lou. "Development of Measuring Device for Diameter at Breast Height of Trees." Forests 14, no. 2 (2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020192.

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Diameter at breast height (DBH) is the main metric for standing tree growth measurements. Developing fast and efficient measurement devices for measuring DBH is of great values in forest resource surveys. In this paper, we propose a new tree diameter measurement instrument developed using self-reset displacement sensor, which is equipped with a Personal Computer (PC) terminal to enable the measurement, transmission, storage, and analysis of tree diameters in one. The measurements showed an overall bias of 1.44% and an accuracy of 97.35% compared to the caliper, a conventional diameter measurin

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11

Mehtätalo, Lauri, Carlos Comas, Timo Pukkala, and Marc Palahí. "Combining a predicted diameter distribution with an estimate based on a small sample of diameters." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 4 (2011): 750–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-008.

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The diameter distribution of a forest stand is of great interest in many situations, including forest management planning and the related prediction of growth and yield. The estimation of the diameter distribution may be based on, for example, a measured sample of diameters or the application of previously estimated parameter prediction models (PPMs), which relate the parameters of an assumed distribution function to some stand characteristics. We propose combining these two information sources. The approach is adopted from the mixed-effects modelling theory. The PPMs are treated as mixed-effe

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12

Yoshioka, Takuyuki, Tomoki Tomioka, and Toshio Nitami. "Basic Examination of the Harvesting of Small-Diameter Trees as Unutilized Forest Biomass in Japan." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 3, no. 1 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-07872.

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In order to secure the supply source as well as promote the further utilization of forest biomass following the completion of the Feed-in Tariff Scheme for Renewable Energy (FIT), small-diameter trees, including samples from not only young planted forests but also broad-leaved trees from coppice forests, can be expected to be a prospective solution in Japan. With the aim of discussing the most effective method of harvesting such small-diameter trees as unutilized forest biomass appropriate for Japan, a simplified model forest was assumed in this study, while the harvesting of small-diameter tr

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13

Deal, Robert L., Paul E. Hennon, Ewa H. Orlikowska, and David V. D'Amore. "Stand dynamics of mixed red alder conifer forests of southeast Alaska." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 4 (2004): 969–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-002.

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Stand structure and dynamics were evaluated in mixed red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) conifer forests of southeast Alaska. We assessed stand development, tree density, total basal area, diameter distribution of live and dead trees, height distribution of live trees, and mean diameter of all and largest conifers in 40-year-old red alder conifer stands that developed following logging. Forty-five plots were established in nine stands sampled across a com po si tional range of 0%86% alder. Alder height growth was initially rapid then slowed considerably, whereas conifer height growth was initia

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14

Sirois, Donald L., Cynthia L. Rawlins, and Bryce J. Stokes. "Evaluation of moisture reduction in small diameter trees after crushing." Bioresource Technology 37, no. 1 (1991): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(91)90111-v.

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15

Kasal, Bohumil, Ilona Peszlen, Perry Peralta, and Laigeng Li. "Preliminary tests to evaluate the mechanical properties of young trees with small diameter." Holzforschung 61, no. 4 (2007): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.054.

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Abstract This paper describes methods developed to test the mechanical properties of small-diameter (3–10 mm) 1-year-old trees. Special test fixtures and procedures were designed to accommodate the small diameter and uneven shape of these young trees. The modulus of elasticity and strength in tension parallel to the grain, compression parallel to the grain, and bending were measured.

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16

Ritchie, Martin W. "Minimizing the Rounding Error from Point Sample Estimates of Tree Frequencies." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 4 (1997): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/12.4.108.

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Abstract Three solutions are presented for estimating stems per acre when trees are tallied by diameter class with horizontal point sampling. The first solution is based on the arithmetic mean of the diameter-class limits. The second is based on the geometric mean of the diameter-class limits and is unbiased for uniform within-class diameter distributions. The third is a harmonic mean solution; it is derived from the ratio of the geometric mean squared and the arithmetic mean. If the within-class distribution is linear, then the solution based on the geometric mean is preferable. Any of these

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17

Lynch, Thomas B. "Use of a tree volume equation based on two lower-stem diameters to estimate forest volume from sample tree counts." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 6 (1995): 871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-095.

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A recently developed method of individual-tree volume prediction uses measurements of two lower-stem diameters, rather than the more traditional DBH and height measurements, to estimate stemwood. One form of the equation is linear with respect to volume between the two diameter measurements, as computed by Smalian's formula, and can be algebraically rearranged into the sum of two equations, one linear with respect to the square of the topmost lower-stem diameter, the other linear with respect to the square of the bottom lower-stem diameter. These two equations have the same form as local volum

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18

Keränen, Juha, Jussi Peuhkurinen, Petteri Packalen, and Matti Maltamo. "Effect of minimum diameter at breast height and standing dead wood field measurements on the accuracy of ALS-based forest inventory." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 10 (2015): 1280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0103.

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Where airborne laser scanning (ALS) measures the entire aboveground vegetation, the target of a stand-level forest inventory is usually the living tree stock above a given diameter but excluding standing dead trees. The aim here was to investigate the effects of varying field-measured minimum diameters (3–10 cm) and standing dead wood on ALS-based forest inventories. The characteristics considered in this case were volume, basal area, number of stems, mean diameter, and mean height for each species, as well as the total growing stock and the total aboveground biomass. The field data comprised

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19

Patindol, Teofanes. "Habitat Preferences of the Philippine Tarsier (Tarsius syrichta L.) in Loboc, Bohol, Philippines." Science and Humanities Journal 9, no. 1 (2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47773/shj.1998.091.1.

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A study was conducted to describle the habitat preference of the Philippines tarsier in Loboc, Bohol. Description of habitat preference was based on species composition and density of the different layers of the stand, mean height, mean diameter and basal area including physical attributes such as aspect, slope and elevation. Three habitat variants of the Philippine tarsier were observed in Loboc, Bohol. The first variant was a relatively open thicket with many small-diameter trees and shrubs and dense undergrowths. The second variant was a thicket of tall grasses, many small diameter trees an

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20

Rogozin, M. "Localization of large trees in the taiga stands and geoactive zone." Bulletin of Science and Practice 270, no. 9(10) (2016): 18–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.154205.

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Studied a sample of the largest trees Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata), Finnish spruce (Picea ×fennica), silver birch (Betula pendula) and small–leaved linden (Tilia cordata) subzone in the middle (“Vishera” Reserve) and in the subzone of the southern taiga (forest Perm) in the natural old–growth forests, only 82 pcs., Which are its parameters were close to the plus trees. Near these trees were determined 8 types of geo–active zones (hereinafter “zone”) using biolocation method. It was found that the largest trees in the Siberian pine forests of the reserve forme

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21

de la Fuente, Teresa, Dan Bergström, Raul Fernandez-Lacruz, et al. "Environmental Impacts of Boom-Corridor and Selectively Thinned Small-Diameter-Tree Forests." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (2022): 6075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106075.

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European forest stands of small-diameter trees can provide industries with biomass as an alternative to fossil use. Small-tree harvesting is costly using conventional methods but using accumulating felling heads (AFH) in combination with a novel boom-corridor thinning (BCT) technique can increase harvester productivity and supply cost efficiency. This method has great potential to reduce costs, but its environmental impact compared with selective thinning (ST) needs to be determined. The objectives of this study were therefore to quantify and compare tree and soil damage as well as air, water

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22

Reed, David D., and John C. Byrne. "A Simple, Variable Form Volume Estimation System." Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 2 (1985): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61087-2.

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A volume estimation system giving the stem profile (upper stem diameter outside bark), total tree volume, and merchantable volume to a height or diameter limit is developed based on a simple, variable form stem taper curve. The stem taper curve is defined by coefficient values indicating conic and parabolic tree forms. For a given height, small diameter trees are assigned parabolic forms and large diameter trees are assigned conic forms. A tree's position in the tree form continuum is defined by its total height to diameter at breast height ratio. Performance of the volume estimation system is

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23

Sapto Putro, Gudiwidayanto, Sri Nugroho Marsoem, Joko Sulistyo, and Suryo Hadiwinoto. "Sifat kayu jati unggul nusantara (Tectona grandis L.f.) pada tiga kelas diameter pohon." Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan 14, no. 1 (2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2020.14.1.9-19.

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Increasing the growth rate of teak trees is carried out to shorten the tree harvest rotation and reduce the deficit of teak timber supply, while maintaining the superiority of wood properties. The study was conducted to study the nature offive-year-oldJUNTeak wood in three classes of tree diameter and radial position of the trunk.This study employed a completely randomized design arranged in factorial combinations of the treatments of radial positions and diameter classes consisting of large (18-22 cm), medium (14-18 cm) and small (10-14 cm) stem diameters, andthe radial position of wood on th

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24

Yoshioka, Takuyuki, Tomoki Tomioka, and Toshio Nitami. "Feasibility of a Harvesting System for Small-Diameter Trees as Unutilized Forest Biomass in Japan." Forests 12, no. 1 (2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010074.

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In order to secure a supply of forest biomass, as well as promote further utilization following the completion of the Feed-in-Tariff Scheme for Renewable Energy (FIT), small-diameter trees such as cleanings from young planted forests and broad-leaved trees from coppice forests are prospective resources in Japan. The goal of this study was to discuss effective methods for harvesting the small-diameter trees that are unutilized forest biomass in Japan. This study assumed a simplified model forest and conducted experiments and time studies of the harvesting of small-diameter trees with a truck-mo

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25

Yoshioka, Takuyuki, Tomoki Tomioka, and Toshio Nitami. "Feasibility of a Harvesting System for Small-Diameter Trees as Unutilized Forest Biomass in Japan." Forests 12, no. 1 (2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010074.

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In order to secure a supply of forest biomass, as well as promote further utilization following the completion of the Feed-in-Tariff Scheme for Renewable Energy (FIT), small-diameter trees such as cleanings from young planted forests and broad-leaved trees from coppice forests are prospective resources in Japan. The goal of this study was to discuss effective methods for harvesting the small-diameter trees that are unutilized forest biomass in Japan. This study assumed a simplified model forest and conducted experiments and time studies of the harvesting of small-diameter trees with a truck-mo

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26

Smith, Thomas F., David M. Rizzo, and Malcolm North. "Patterns of Mortality in an Old-Growth Mixed-Conifer Forest of the Southern Sierra Nevada, California." Forest Science 51, no. 3 (2005): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/51.3.266.

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Abstract Mortality patterns in an old-growth, mixed-conifer forest, in the absence of wildfire, were investigated at the Teakettle Experimental Forest from 2000 to 2002. We tested the hypothesis that after a century of fire suppression, pathogen- and insect-associated mortality (between episodic droughts) would be significantly greater on ingrowth trees (i.e., smaller-diameter, shade-tolerant species in high-density clusters). Using a survey of over 30,000 mapped trees, overall mortality, as measured by standing dead trees, was 8.7% of all stems ≥5 cm dbh. Mortality levels were proportional to

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27

Lilieholm, Robert J., and Shih-Chang Hu. "Effect of Crown Scorch on Mortality and Diameter Growth of 19-Year-Old Loblolly Pine." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 11, no. 4 (1987): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/11.4.209.

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Abstract Various levels of crown scorch on 19-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were examined. Scorching and mortality were greatest for small-diameter, suppressed trees. Diameter growth one year after scorching was not diminished for lightly scorched trees but decreased with increasing crown scorch. During the second and third growing seasons after scorching, only trees receiving complete crown scorch exhibited significantly less diameter growth. South. J. Appl. For. 11(4):209-211.

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28

Gilman, Edward F., and Patti J. Anderson. "Root Pruning and Transplant Success for Cathedral Oak® Live Oaks." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 24, no. 1 (2006): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-24.1.13.

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Abstract Trees that were root pruned regularly throughout the production period grew at a slower rate than trees that were not root pruned, but root pruning only in the last year of production did not affect trunk and canopy growth. Trees with root-pruning fabric installed under liners at planting grew at the same rate as trees without fabric during 39 months of field production. Hand spade root pruning throughout the production period increased the number of small diameter (&lt; 3mm) roots and decreased the number of large diameter roots in the root ball compared to trees that were not ro

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29

Preisler, Haiganoush K., and Russel G. Mitchell. "Colonization Patterns of the Mountain Pine Beetle in Thinned and Unthinned Lodgepole Pine Stands." Forest Science 39, no. 3 (1993): 528–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/39.3.528.

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Abstract Outbreak populations of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, in central Oregon, were analyzed with an autologistic regression model to evaluate colonization patterns in thinned and unthinned plots of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. Results confirmed previous observations that beetle attacks in unmanaged stands were related to tree diameter and spacing among trees. Beetles showed a decided preference for colonizing trees with large diameters. Trees with small diameters were rarely attacked unless they were close to other trees under attack. Thinned plots wer

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30

Koeser, Andrew K., Richard J. Hauer, Deborah R. Hilbert, et al. "The Tripping Point–Minimum Planting Widths for Small-Stature Trees in Dense Urban Developments." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (2022): 3283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063283.

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As urban development increases in density, the space to grow urban trees becomes more constrained. In heavily developed areas, small stature trees can be planted to reduce both above- and below-ground conflicts with infrastructure elements. However, even these species can interfere with pavement when placed in extremely confining conditions. In this study, we build on past work to determine the minimum planting space widths of small stature urban trees. Species, stem diameter, and the height at which stem diameter measurements occurred were all strong predictors of trunk flare (i.e., the inter

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31

Molto, Q., B. Hérault, J. J. Boreux, M. Daullet, A. Rousteau, and V. Rossi. "Predicting tree heights for biomass estimates in tropical forests – a test from French Guiana." Biogeosciences 11, no. 12 (2014): 3121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3121-2014.

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Abstract. The recent development of REDD+ mechanisms requires reliable estimation of carbon stocks, especially in tropical forests that are particularly threatened by global changes. Even though tree height is a crucial variable for computing aboveground forest biomass (AGB), it is rarely measured in large-scale forest censuses because it requires extra effort. Therefore, tree height has to be predicted with height models. The height and diameter of all trees over 10 cm in diameter were measured in 33 half-hectare plots and 9 one-hectare plots throughout northern French Guiana, an area with su

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32

Çağlayan, İnci. "The Role of Tree Diameter in Mortality Risks During Resin Production in Pinus brutia." Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 25, no. 1 (2025): 118–26. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1660620.

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Aim of study: In this study, the effects of bark streak tapping resin extraction on tree mortality risk and survival rates across diameter classes in Pinus brutia forests are looked into. Area of study: Research was conducted in the Korudağ Forest Sub-District, Keşan Forestry Department, and Çanakkale Forest Regional Directorate in Türkiye. Material and method: We monitored 396 trees for 17 months, extracting resin every 15 days. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to assess the mortality risks for three diameter classes: pole stage (8-19.9 cm), small wood (20-35.9 cm), and mature (36-51.9

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33

Leck, Uwe, and Volker Leck. "Orthogonal double covers of complete graphs by trees of small diameter." Discrete Applied Mathematics 95, no. 1-3 (1999): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-218x(99)00087-6.

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34

Sullivan, Thomas P., and Alan Vyse. "Impact of red squirrel feeding damage on spaced stands of lodgepole pine in the Cariboo Region of British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 7 (1987): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-109.

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This study measured the impact of red squirrel (Tamiasciurushudsonicus Erxleben) feeding damage on spaced stands of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) in the Cariboo Forest Region of British Columbia. A limited regional assessment of animal damage in spaced stands indicated that squirrels were the most important small mammal damage agents and that lodgepole pine was the only tree species susceptible to squirrel feeding (bark and vascular tissues) injuries. Intensive assessment of damage in two stands showed that squirrel attack was significantly greater among large- (

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35

Krajnc, Luka, Niall Farrelly, and Annette M. Harte. "Evaluating timber quality in larger-diameter standing trees: rethinking the use of acoustic velocity." Holzforschung 73, no. 9 (2019): 797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2018-0232.

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AbstractThe use of acoustic velocity for different purposes is becoming widespread in the forestry industry. However, there are conflicting reports on how well this technology reflects the mechanical properties of trees. In this study, the prediction of timber quality using acoustic technology was evaluated on mature standing trees of three softwood species. The velocity in 490 standing trees was measured in several directions (longitudinal, radial and tangential). A sub-sample of trees was felled and the acoustic velocity was measured in 120 logs which were then sawn into structural-sized tim

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36

Maltamo, M., T. Tokola, and M. Lehikoinen. "Estimating Stand Characteristics by Combining Single Tree Pattern Recognition of Digital Video Imagery and a Theoretical Diameter Distribution Model." Forest Science 49, no. 1 (2003): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/49.1.98.

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Abstract This article presents a new method combining pattern recognition of single trees and a theoretical diameter distribution to determine stand characteristics. The applied remote sensing material was digital video imagery. A super-resolution technique was used in order to improve the quality of the video imagery. Tree crowns were identified and crown areas segmented from the super-resolution image. After that, tree diameters were predicted using detected crown areas. However, only large trees (dbh &gt;17 cm) could be recognized from digital video image. Therefore, the theoretical Wei

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37

Brooks, John R. "Taper, Volume, and Weight of Small Black Cherry and Red Maple Trees in West Virginia." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 2 (2007): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.2.104.

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Abstract Taper, cubic foot volume, and green weight equations to multiple top diameters were developed for the main bole portion of small-diameter black cherry (BC; Prunus serotina Ehrh.) and red maple (RM; Acer rubrum L.) trees in northern West Virginia. Sample trees were selected from the 2- to 5-in.-diameter class and ranged from 30 to 60 ft in total height. Existing published cubic foot volume equations provided estimates from 6 to 40% lower than estimates from the proposed model form, depending on species and tree size. Based on the published weight equations selected for comparison, diff

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38

Moore, James A., Lianjun Zhang, and Dean Stuck. "Height-Diameter Equations for Ten Tree Species in the Inland Northwest." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 11, no. 4 (1996): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/11.4.132.

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Abstract Individual tree height-diameter equations were developed for ten major species in the inland Northwest. The Wykoff function in the Stand Prognosis Model and the Lundqvist function were fit to data which included many large-sized trees. The two models fit the data equally well for all species. Prediction results using the existing Prognosis equation, the refitted Wykoff function, and the Lundqvist function showed that the three models predicted similar heights for trees of small diameter. However, both the refitted Wykoff function and the Lundqvist function predicted larger tree height

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Sokol, Kerry A., Michael S. Greenwood, and William H. Livingston. "Impacts of Long-Term Diameter-Limit Harvesting on Residual Stands of Red Spruce in Maine." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 2 (2004): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/21.2.69.

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Abstract Diameter-limit harvesting has long been suspected as a dysgenic forestry practice, but a conclusive, practical demonstration of the effects of this selection technique on residual tree performance is lacking. To determine the effects of repeated diameter-limit harvesting on the phenotypes of residual trees, we compared radial growth patterns of residual red spruce trees (with ages greater than 100 years) after diameter-limit harvests with those of residual trees in stands subjected to positive selection harvesting. After nearly 50 years of repeated harvesting, residual trees in the di

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Xing, Rundan, and Bo Zhou. "Ordering trees having small reverse wiener indices." Filomat 26, no. 4 (2012): 637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1204637x.

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The Wiener index W(G) of a connected graph G is defined as the sum of distances between all unordered pairs of vertices of G. As a variation of the Wiener index, the reverse Wiener index of G is defined as ?(G) = ? n(n ? 1)d ? W(G), where n is the number of vertices, and d is the diameter of G. It is known that the star is the unique n-vertex tree with the smallest reverse Wiener index. We now determine the second and the third smallest reverse Wiener indices of n-vertex trees, and characterize the trees whose reverse Wiener indices attain these values for n ? 5.

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Picard, Nicolas, Avner Bar-Hen, and Alain Franc. "Modeling Forest Dynamics with a Combined Matrix/Individual-Based Model." Forest Science 48, no. 4 (2002): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/48.4.643.

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Abstract A combined model, with a matrix component to describe the trees whose diameters are below a threshold, and an individual-based component for the trees above the threshold, is proposed. The combined model is derived from a matrix model and simulates the dynamics of a tropical rainforest in French Guiana, with a management orientation. The methodology to build a combined model starting from a matrix model is specified. The crucial point lies in three continuity conditions at the transition diameter. To establish them, both the matrix and the individual-based components are reformulated

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Molto, Q., B. Hérault, J. J. Boreux, M. Daullet, A. Rousteau, and V. Rossi. "Predicting tree heights for biomass estimates in tropical forests." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 5 (2013): 8611–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-8611-2013.

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Abstract. The recent development of REDD+ mechanisms require reliable estimation of carbon stocks, especially in tropical forests that are particularly threatened by global changes. Even if tree height is a crucial variable to compute the above-ground forest biomass, tree heights are rarely measured in large-scale forest census because it requires consequent extra-effort. Tree height have thus to be predicted thanks to height models. Height and diameter of all trees above 10 cm of diameter were measured in thirty-three half-ha plots and nine one-ha plots throughout the northern French Guiana,

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Willits, Susan. ""Black Bark" Ponderosa Pine: Tree Grade Definition and Value Comparison with Old-Growth Trees." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 9, no. 1 (1994): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/9.1.8.

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Abstract A ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) tree grade has been developed to separate lower value, small-diameter trees typical of young-growth stands from small-diameter old-growth trees. The tree grade uses a combination of bark, limb, and crown characteristics to identify the "black bark," trees. The tree grade was tested in two shop type mills and one dimension mill in southern Oregon and eastern Washington. Significant differences in value were found between the sample of black bark pine and the grade 5 control sample. Differences in value increased with diameter because of increased oppo

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Stăncioiu, Petru Tudor, Alexandru Alin Șerbescu, and Ioan Dutcă. "Live Crown Ratio as an Indicator for Tree Vigor and Stability of Turkey Oak (Quercus cerris L.): A Case Study." Forests 12, no. 12 (2021): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121763.

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Stability of forests represents a significant objective for climate change mitigation. As stand stability is influenced by the stability of individual trees, promoting stable trees is vital for a sustainable forest management. However, inside stands, trees experience intense competition. As a result, the crown recedes and diameter growth is affected, the trees becoming slender and more susceptible to biotic and abiotic disturbances. Finding effective indicators for tree vigor and stability is therefore important. This study aimed to assess the performance of the live crown ratio as an indicato

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Gabdelkhakov, Aydar К., Vladimir F. Konovalov, Zagir Z. Rakhmatullin, Maria V. Martynova та Ilyas I. Fazlutdinov. "Вариативность диаметров деревьев в древостоях липы мелколистной". Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), № 1 (1 лютого 2025): 42–57. https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2025-1-42-57.

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Information on the distribution of trees by thickness grades in stands is necessary for planning selective fellings and the formation of environmentally sustainable and economically valuable plantations. The aim of this article is to characterize and compare the structural diversity of tree diameter distribution in mixed one- and two-age stands of Tilia cordata Mill. growing in the Arkhangelsk forestry of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Based on the data from 25 temporary sample plots, cluster analysis and visualization method based on empirical data of tree diameter distributions have identifi

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Vieilledent, Ghislain, Benoît Courbaud, Georges Kunstler, Jean-François Dhôte, and James S. Clark. "Biases in the estimation of size-dependent mortality models: advantages of a semiparametric approach." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 8 (2009): 1430–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-047.

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Mortality rate is thought to show a U-shape relationship to tree size. This shape could result from a decrease of competition-related mortality as diameter increases, followed by an increase of senescence and disturbance-related mortality for large trees. Modeling mortality rate as a function of diameter is nevertheless difficult, first because this relationship is strongly nonlinear, and second because data can be unbalanced, with few observations for large trees. Parametric functions, which are inflexible and sensitive to the distribution of observations, tend to introduce biases in mortalit

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Liu, Mingqian, Yihong Zhu, Rongrong Pang, and Lushuang Gao. "Can Growth Increase of Small Trees after Drought Compensate for Large Trees’ Growth Loss?" Forests 15, no. 3 (2024): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15030448.

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Large trees dominate stand-level biomass but their growth suffers more from droughts, while sheltering small trees during droughts. Under a warmer and drier climate, whether the growth decline of large trees could be compensated by prompted small trees’ growth remains unknown. Based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) series, drought characteristics were determined, and two drought events were selected. We reconstructed historical diameters at breast height (DBH) and the aboveground biomass of Larix gmelinii through tree ring data allometric equations. To clarify

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Sukanda, Sukanda, Yuniawati Yuniawati, and Sona Suhartana. "MONITORING A CONDITION OF RECOVERY OF RESIDUAL STAND AND LOGGED OVER AREA AFTER 5 YEARS RIL IMPLEMENTATION: A CASE STUDY AT A FOREST COMPANY IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN." JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH 4, no. 1 (2007): 45–51. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2007.4.1.45-51.

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The aim of this study were to identify and evaluate a condition in logged over area (LOA) after 5 years of reduced impact logging (RIL) implementation, and to asses how far recovery of former skidding road, damages in felled and yarded over area, and environmental condition had taken place. Results of this study was expected to provide inputs and to improve the RIL implementation guidance for sending   sustainable forest management. The results revealed that: (1)The covers of skidding road reached consecutively 2,641 m2  area (in block I), and 3,147 m2  area (in block II),

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Shaked, A., A. Cohen, M. Hamou, and D. Hasdai. "Inarching of Swingle Citrumelo in Israel." HortScience 22, no. 6 (1987): 1258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.6.1258.

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Abstract The presence of tristeza in Israel has prompted an interest in inarching citrus trees grafted on sour orange (C. aurantium L.) or Palestine sweet lime (C. limettoides Tan.) rootstocks. Tests conducted since 1976 at several locations in Israel have shown that: a) Swingle citrumelo (C.P.B. 4475) [C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.] outperforms other rootstocks when used for inarching citrus trees; b) Swingle inarches of small diameters grow faster than those of large diameter; c) inarches on young trees grow faster than those on older trees; and d) the effect of Swingle citrume

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Gaitnieks, Tālis, Astra Zaļuma, Kristīne Kenigsvalde, Dārta Kļaviņa, Indulis Brauners, and Tuula Piri. "Susceptibility of Small-Diameter Norway Spruce Understory Stumps to Heterobasidion Spore Infection." Forests 10, no. 6 (2019): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060521.

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Heterobasidion spp. cause economically important losses in conifer forests in the Northern Hemisphere, especially in Norway spruce stands. Freshly cut stumps are the main route for Heterobasidion spp. infection. Even small stumps of spruce seedlings are known to be susceptible to spore infection, however, very little is currently known about the susceptibility of small stumps of understory spruce to Heterobasidion spore infection. To determine the frequency of spore infections among stumps of understory trees, we analyzed 756 Norway spruce stumps in eight sample plots in eastern Latvia. Unders

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