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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Small economies'
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Wälti, Manuel. "Macroeconomics of small open economies." Berlin : dissertation.de, 2005. http://www.zb.unibe.ch/download/eldiss/05waelti_m.pdf.
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Zhong, Jiansheng. "Essays on Small Open Economies." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1491951614255482.
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Thierry, Galani Tiemeni. "Small economies and their development in the Multilateral Trade System: Correlation between economic and political environment and trade performance of small economies." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2129_1259749434.
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At the heart of this study is the topic of small economies in the Multilateral Trade System (MTS). The study examines the World Trade Organisation&rsquo
s (WTO) legal framework and policy objectives in order to develop a comprehensive definition of small economies as a group of WTO members with specific needs. Particular attention is given to the determination of the specific characteristics of small economies, as well as the issues and constraints they are facing in the MTS. The study explores solutions proposed in order to tackle the constraints to the effective integration of small economies in the MTS, with specific reference to the policy reasoning of small economies. More importantly, the study explores the impact of the size factor, which is certainly not only a burden on the growth and development perspectives of the considered entity, but which may also become an advantage and promotes the trade performance of a small economy. Hypotheses are then made relating to the relevance of the economic and political environments in the determination of a successful (or not) integration, and participation, of a small economy in the MTS. A crucial argument developed is that the differences observed between countries sharing similar characteristics of smallness, vulnerability and remoteness/landlockedness, illustrates the fact that what ultimately matters is the interplay of factors related to the economic and political environments, the effect of which is to promote or constrain (depending on the case) successful integration of the small economy in the MTS.
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Dao, Thuy. "A purely theoretical study on economic growth in small open economies /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd211.pdf.
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Salci, Sener. "Three essays on the economics of renewable energy in small island economies." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6021/.
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In chapter 1, we introduce mechanism and present results of an integrated investment appraisal of an onshore wind farm for electricity generation in Cape-Verde that is owned and operated by a private investor. From the perspective of the electric utility and the economy, the results of such an ex-ante financial and economic appraisal of wind electricity generation depends critically on one’s view of the expected long-term level of future fossil fuel prices, negotiations of the power purchase agreement (PPA) price and wind capacity factor. In Chapter 2, we investigate the impacts of wind and solar renewable power sources on both electricity generation and planning by employing and applying a cost minimization model in Cyprus. The cost minimization model demonstrates that the use of wind alone and mix of wind and solar power in an electricity generation mix reduces the overall cost of the system. Due to high cost of electricity generation from fuel oil in Cyprus, we conclude that shift toward wind and solar mix of energy sources in Cyprus will have significant impact by means of cost reduction. Therefore, integrating these renewables will essentially contribute to the welfare of Cypriot consumers alongside its environmental and health benefits associated in them. In Chapter 3, we study the impacts of implementing real-time electricity pricing (RTP) in the Cypriot electricity market with and without wind/solar capacities. We use a merit order stack approach to generation investment and operation decisions. Empirical results show that dynamic pricing will increase generation capacity utilization by means of reduction in equilibrium installed capacity reduction and increase in load factors of off-peak plants. These savings are larger at higher demand elasticities. The emissions from electricity generation will potentially increase resulting from increased energy consumption, however. Because wind (solar) availability comes mostly during low (high) demand hours when relatively cleaner (dirtier) plants operate in the system, we find that there is considerable potential for capital cost savings and emission savings from smart metering even with only a small consumer response and at moderate participation in the programme. At the current costs of solar, investing in wind alone will however yield higher bill savings.
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Chu, Shiou-Yen Ni Shawn. "Macroeconomic trade-offs in small open economies." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6887.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 24, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Shawn Ni. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ozdemir, Nilufer Conway Patrick J. "Essays in macroeconomics of small open economies." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2383.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Economics." Discipline: Economics; Department/School: Economics.
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Nasir, Harun. "International reserves in production small open economies." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/75401/.
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Making three distinct contributions to the literature on international reserves for small open economies (SOEs), this thesis is composed of three main chapters. Chapters 1 and 2 contribute to the underlying theory of optimal international reserves, extending the Jeanne and Rancière (2011) endowment SOE model to a production economy, each using one of the most common technology specifications in Neoclassical growth theory. Chapter 3, then, examines empirically key aspects of reserve holdings as observed in a dataset of high and low middle income emerging market economies (EMEs) used in the calibration of the preceding theoretical chapters. Chapter 1 explores the effects of investment and production on optimal reserves in SOE EMEs and derives an optimal reserves-to-output formula in the case where capital is the sole factor of production as in the AK model of endogenous growth. We refer to this version as the one-factor production SOE AK model, or simply the AK model (of endogenous growth). This version implies increasing returns to scale (IRS) and is justified on the grounds of the ability of the AK model to generate endogenously, via the influence of policy – such as subsidies or taxes on investment – on capital accummulation, sustained long-run growth observed in the data. We find that the endogenous growth AK model with IRS implies a negative relationship between the optimal reserve-to-output ratio and capital-augmenting (in fact, here sole-factor) technological progress. Depending on the calibration of the productivity parameter, the model quantifies the optimal ratio of reserves to output at 1.74% for SOEs. Chapter 2 introduces labour, making the production function more general. More precisely, we switch to a conventional labour-augmenting Cobb-Douglas (CD) production function, which embodies alternative assumptions of constant returns to scale (CRS) overall – but with diminishing returns to scale (DRS) for each of the two factors, capital and labour – and convergence to a balanced growth path (BGP) in the long run. In turn, this version is justified on the grounds of being consistent with a long-run BGP in Neoclassical models of exogenous growth and with sustained per capita income growth in these models. The second chapter thus focuses on the effects of labour-augmenting productivity on the optimal reserves-to-output ratio in a production SOE. Moreover, the alternative modelling of the production function, IRS AK versus CRS CD, and the type of growth, endogenous versus exogenous, allows us to compare the analytical results in chapter 1 (AK model) with those in chapter 2 (the CD model). Similarly to the endogenous growth AK model, we find that in the exogenous growth CD model along the BGP labour-augmenting technological progress decreases the optimal reserves-to-output ratio. Depending on the calibration of the labour-augmenting productivity parameter, the CRS CD model quantifies the optimal ratio of reserves to output at 5.5% in the richer two-factor production SOE model. This roughly three times higher ratio of optimal reserve holdings to output arises from the difference in the specification of technology in the production functions. This ratio is still quite lower than the corresponding one derived in the endowment SOE model of Jeanne and Rancière (2011), 9.1%. The main reason for optimally maintaining a lower ratio of international reserves to output in a production SOE with investment and productive capital relative to the endowment SOE benchmark is as follows. With the capital stock now accumulated via investment and potentially used as a pledge to external creditors in obtaining borrowing and therefore insuring better against sudden stops, the optimal reserve-to-output ratio is much lower relative to an otherwise similar endowment economy in the AK model. As depreciation depletes the existing capital stock, opposite to investment, the reversal of the relationship is not surprising in both the AK and CD models. Whereas the AK model can generate endogenously, via policy, persistent capital accummulation leading to sustained long-run growth, adding labour as a second factor in a CD production function, consistent with a long-run BGP in Neoclassical models of exogenous growth and with sustained per capita income growth, results in a roughly mid-point optimal reserve-to-output ratio of 5.5%. Chapter 3, finally, takes a complementary, statistical approach and examines the key theoretically derived determinants of international reserves relative to output together with the most common empirically motivated determinants suggested in the literature as ‘control variables’ in a dataset of 26 high and low middle income economies. For this purpose, we initially estimate a pooled OLS benchmark and a panel data fixed effect model to analyse the relative importance of such empirically measured determinants of real-world reserve holdings as well as possible country specificities. We then use quantile regression techniques to examine the variation in these determinants across the reserve holdings distribution in our sample. We examine the uniformity of coefficients by several quantile regressions and the overall models. Our quantile regression results suggest that there is substantial variation in middle income countries in terms of the reserve holdings distribution. Our findings from inter-quantile regressions show that there are statistically significant differences in share of imports in GDP, investment share of GDP, and short term external debt to GDP.
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Turunen, Arja Helena. "Optimal public policies in small open economies." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25992.
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Until recently, proofs establishing the existence of gains from trade have used the assumption that the government can alter the distribution of income by a set of lump sum transfers , i.e ., the government has at its disposal a set of household specific transfer instruments. However, recent work has been devoted to situations where these transfer instruments are inadmissible. Dixit and Norman (1980: 79-80) demonstrate that a government that can alter all domestic commodity taxes can ensure that no individual is made worse of by moving from autarky to free trade. It turns out, however, that this Dixit and Norman proof of the gains from trade shows only that the autarky equilibrium can be replicated under free trade and not that positive gains will occur.
One of the purposes of this thesis is to investigate the problem of the gains from trade when a variety of tax and transfer instruments are available.
It is fruitful to regard the problem of the gains from trade as a
policy reform question: can the government in the home country find a
small (differential) perturbation in the country's initial international
trade prohibitive tariffs which, accompanied with a suitable
(differential) perturbation in the country's commodity tax structure,
results in a strict Pareto improvement? In order to answer the
question, a model for the production side of an economy is presented in
Chapter 2. It is established that, under some very weak conditions,
there are (differential) tariff perturbations that improve the country's initial net balance of trade. In Chapter 4, it is shown that these productivity gains can be distributed to the consumers in the economy in a strict Pareto improving way by suitably adjusting the country's initial commodity tax rates. The principal tool for establishing these results is a duality theorem: Motzkin's Theorem.
Chapter 3 develops two approximative formulae for measuring the productivity gain accruing from a change of tariffs.
Some examples of strict Pareto improving perturbations in commodity taxes and tariffs are given in Chapter 7. These include proportional and uniform reductions of tariffs as well as a change toward uniformity in the country's initial tariff structure.
Next, the government is assumed to be able to adjust only the home country's initial vectors of tariffs and lump sum transfers but not the vector of commodity taxes. Conditions for strict Pareto improving tariff and transfer perturbations to exist are developed.
In Chapter 9 it is shown that neither the existence of strict gains from trade under commodity taxation or under lump sum compensation necessarily implies the other.
Examples of strict Pareto improving changes in tariffs, taxes and transfers are given in Chapter 10. These include proportional reductions of tariffs and/or taxes and movements toward uniformity in the tax rates for domestic and tradable commodities. The role of normality of commodities in consumption in policy recommendation results is also discussed.
Chapter 11 develops sufficient conditions for a perturbation in the home country's tax structure, which causes international trade, to be strict Pareto improving. In Chapter 12 the goal of the government is to choose a policy that reduces the level of economic inequality associated with the initial observed equilibrium in the economy. It is shown that inequality reducing perturbations in commodity taxes and tariffs exist, if the preferences and initial commodity endowments of the consumers satisfy certain conditions.Arts, Faculty of
Vancouver School of Economics
Graduate
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Munisami, Ari. "Aircraft financing: Perspectives for small and emerging economies." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95158.
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ABSTRACT The worst recession that affected the world's economy since the Great Depression has had an even more devastating effect on the aviation industry. Following such a crisis, one of the most significant challenges awaiting airlines worldwide in the coming decade is the financing of their enormous fleet replacement and expansion activities. And this demands a tremendous effort, given that airline earnings are cyclical and, industry returns on capital investments have traditionally been poor. As international markets develop, especially in the emerging economies, there is a need for a constant search for new sources and methods to finance and acquire new equipment. Aircraft financiers and investors have always been wary to invest in developing countries. Aircraft are highly movable assets that can travel to various jurisdictions and this faculty has always posed a threat on lessors and owners' property interest, the more so, in small and emerging countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The challenges are obvious and seem insurmountable. Aircraft financing legal structures and practices that have worked in developed countries may be structured to apply to the benefit of States of small emerging economies. The point has been made for several years now in numerous international conferences that there is a lacuna in this area. This thesis seeks to address some of the legal aspects of aircraft financing generally and, in these small and emerging economies.RESUME La pire des récessions qu'ait connu le monde depuis la grande dépression des années trente a eu un effet encore plus dévastatrice sur l'industrie aéronautique. Après une crise de cette ampleur, le défi de taille auquel doivent faire face les compagnies aériennes de par le monde dans la prochaine décennie est le financement du renouvellement et de l'expansion de leur flotte d'aéronefs. Et ceci demande un effort colossal, vu la nature aléatoire et incertaine des recettes des compagnies aériennes. Aussi, le retour sur les investissements capitaux ont été traditionnellement bien moindres. En ligne avec le développement continuel des marchés internationaux, particulièrement dans les pays émergents, il y a un besoin pour une recherche constante de nouvelles sources et de nouveaux modes de financement et d'acquisition d'aéronefs. Les investisseurs ont été très réticents à investir dans les pays en développement. Les avions sont des biens mobiliers et ceux-ci peuvent donc aisément passer d'une juridiction à l'autre. Ce caractère particulier a constamment posé une menace aux droits de propriété des bailleurs et propriétaires de l'avion, et c'est encore plus prononcé dans des pays émergents en Afrique, Asie ou Amérique Latine. Les défis sont évidents et apparaissent insurmontables. Des structures légales de financement d'aéronefs et des pratiques qui ont fait leurs preuves dans les pays développés peuvent être remodelées pour le bénéfice des petits états émergents. C'est un point qui a été constamment débattu dans des conférences internationales et il y a un manquement dans ce domaine. Cette présente thèse est une tentative d'adresser quelques uns des aspects légaux relatif au financement d'aéronefs en général, et dans ces pays émergents.
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Világi, Balázs. "Exchange Rate and Welfare in Small Open Economies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4065.
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La tesis adapta modelos macroeconómicos recientes de economías abiertas para analizar los problemas que caracterizan los países emergentes de Europa del Este. En particular, se estudia los efectos que el crecimeinto asimétrico de la productividad tiene sobre el tipo de cambio real, el tipo de cambio real interno, esto es, el precio relativo de los bienes comerciables respecto a los no comerciables y el tipo de cambio real externo, esto es, el precio relativo entre los bienes comerciables nacionales y extranjeros.
Se demuestra que la discriminación de precios es una condición necesaria para explicar la correlación entre los tipos de cambio nominales y reales, y la apreciación del tipo de cambio real observadas en estas economías emergentes. También se demuestra como los supuestos de inversiones específicas y de costes de ajuste en la inversión ayudan a reproducir el ajuste lento de los precios relativos en respuesta a diferenciales de productividad así como la apreciación del tipo de cambio real externo.
En tercer lugar, la tesis estudia como determinar óptimamente el tipo de cambio de estas monedas con respecto al Euro cuando estos países entren en la Union Monetaria Europea. En vez de utilizar criterios exógenos para determinar este tipo de cambio, este trabajo emplea una función de bienestar social derivada del modelo teórico. Asimismo, se propone un algoritmo para determinar el tipo de cambio óptimo en función de las variables exógenas y de estado en el momento de la unión. Se demuestra que aunque las desviaciones del tipo de cambio real sobre su nivel de equilibrio tienen un papel principal en la determinación del tipo de cambio óptimo, no es la única variable a considerar. Otras variables como la inflación pasada o los salarios reales también influencian la elección de la paridad óptima. Además, la fase del ciclo exterior, la demanda de exportaciones y las perturbaciones de productividad son importantes variables exógenas a tener en cuenta para una adecuada decisión política. Se muestra la importancia de este tipo de evaluaciones basadas en modelos y como decisiones basadas en criterios exógenos pueden llevar a resultados subóptimos.
Por último, la tesis considera las implicaciones sobre el bienestar de introducir explícitamente el desempleo en los modelos macroeconómicos de economías abiertas. En particular, se comparan los efectos de una devaluación inesperada en economías con y sin desempleo. En modelos con mercados laborales Walrasianos las devaluaciones disminuyen el bienestar si el deteriore de los términos de intercambio compensa el aumento del consumo doméstico. Sin embargo, cuando existe desempleo, una devaluación puede aumentar el bienestar social ya que se mejora la distribución del consumo en la población.
The thesis adapts the models of new open economy macroeconomics to the special problems of a certain group of emerging market economies, namely the economies of European post-communist countries.
It studies the effects of asymmetric productivity growth for the CPI-based real exchange rate, the internal real exchange rate, i.e. the relative price of non-tradables to tradables, and the external real exchange rate, i.e. the relative price of domestic and foreign tradables.
It is demonstrated that pricing to market is necessary to reproduce the empirically observable correlation of the nominal and real exchange rates, and the appreciation of the real exchange rate. It is also shown that the assumption of firm specific investments and investments adjustment costs helps explaining the slow adjustment of domestic relative prices to productivity differentials and the appreciation of the external real exchange rate.
The thesis studies how to set optimally the Euro conversion rate of the new Member States of the European Union. Instead of ad-hoc objective functions it uses a model based social welfare function for the analysis. The thesis provides an algorithm to determine how to peg the nominal exchange rate optimally if the accession date values of state and exogenous variables are known. It is shown that the deviation from the equilibrium real exchange rate has a principal but not exclusive role in determining the optimal conversion rate. It is demonstrated that the past inflation rate and the level of real wages also influence the optimal choice. Furthermore, the foreign-business-cycle, exports demand and productivity shocks are the most important exogenous factors necessary for a proper policy decision. The thesis demonstrates the importance of a utility-based and that evaluations based on ad-hoc welfare criteria may result in misleading results.
The thesis also considers the welfare implications of introducing unemployment in models of new open economy macroeconomics. The effects of an unexpected devaluation of the nominal exchange rate in a model with and without unemployment is compared. In models with Walrasian labor markets a devaluation decreases social welfare if the deterioration of the terms of trade offsets the rise in domestic consumption. However, in the presence of unemployment even such a situation can enhance social welfare, since the distribution of consumption becomes more even.
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De, Paoli Bianca Shelton C. "Welfare and macroeconomic policy in small open economies." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2134/.
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This thesis focuses on the analysis of welfare and macroeconomic policy in small open economies. The international dimension of monetary and fiscal policy is examined in a micro-founded New-Keynesian framework. The small open economy is characterized as a limiting case of a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model featuring imperfect competition and nominal rigidities. Under this specification, Chapter 1 formulates a utility-based loss function for a small open economy completely integrated with the rest of the world. The study investigates the role of the exchange rate in monetary policy and derives the optimal monetary policy rule. In this Chapter, the dynamics of the trade balance are shown to be crucial in determining the appropriate exchange rate regime. Chapter 2 analyses optimal monetary policy under alternative asset market structures; more specifically, it compares and contrasts the cases of incomplete asset markets, financial autarky and complete asset markets. Furthermore, the performance of standard monetary policy rules is evaluated under these different scenarios. The results show that the degree of substitutability between domestic and foreign goods and the level of risk sharing are important factors in determining the performance of policy rules. Finally, Chapter 3 incorporates fiscal policy in the general framework. This Chapter introduces distortionary taxation into the model and characterizes the optimal fiscal policy. In addition, a general monetary and fiscal policy problem is formulated in the presence of nominal rigidities. The Chapter demonstrates that the stabilization problem in an open economy is more complex than in a closed economy, even under flexible prices. Apart from the incentive to avoid the distortions implied by taxation, in a small open economy there is also an incentive to strategically affect the real exchange rate. That is, proportional taxation creates a distortion in the economy, but also introduces a policy instrument that can influence the terms of trade and the overall level of production and consumption in a welfare-improving manner.
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Ikeda, Akihiko. "Essays on Business Cycles in Small Open Economies." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/254502.
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Ng'eno, N. Kipkoech. "Trade liberalisation in small open economies : the case of Kenya." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1990. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34795/.
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The object of this thesis is to determine the consequences of trade liberalisation on the Kenyan economy. This is done by simulating the effects of tariff reduction, devaluation of domestic currency and export subsidies. In addition, the effects of quantitative controls and markup pricing are simulated. The structure of the economy is modelled through the specification of alternative closure rules. Policy changes are simulated using a computable general equilibrium model (CGE). A nine sector model based on a Social Accounting Matrix is constructed using the TV-approach to modelling introduced by Drud, Grais and Pyatt (1986). We depart from neoclassical models, and therefore other CGE models of Kenya, by assuming product differentiation between domestic goods and imports and between gross output sales to domestic and export markets. Our model is essentially Keynesian but for comparative purposes, neoclassical closures are specified in some simulations. In general, the basic argument for or against trade liberalisation concerns its contribution to economic growth. The neoclassicals argue that by improving efficient allocation of resources, liberalisation stimulates higher economic growth. The structuralists, on the other hand, argue that because of structural rigidities in LDC economies and because of unfavourable international conditions, liberalisation will have minimal effect on economic growth. CGE models are useful in sorting out these arguments. It should be noted however that the assumptions underlying these models often reflect the modeller's view about the structure of the economy. The usefulness of CGE models for policy purposes will therefore depend on how realistic they reflect the structure of the economy being modelled. The results of our model show that the gains from trade liberalisation, in terms of the growth of real GDP, are low. This applies to both neoclassical and Keynesian closures. However, it is shown that changes in returns to factors, consumption levels and aggregate price levels, depending on the closure adopted, are significant. This is also true for the policy effects on exports, imports and on the prices and quantities at the sectoral level. These results reinforce the view that for policy purposes it is important that the model being used reflects the structure of the economy under consideration. It also means that it will not make sense to have tailor made policy recommendations for all LDCs.
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Jönsson, Kristian. "Macroeconomic aspects of capital flows to small open economies in transition." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-540.
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With the internationalization of financial markets, short-term capital flows to emerging market economies have become an important phenomenon in the world. The papers in this dissertation are concerned with investigating the effects of such flows in the receiving countries. The analysis is cast in a dynamic general equilibrium framework for small open economies. Two of the papers are quantitative investigations of the forces at work in small and relatively poor economies that liberalize trade and capital flows. The common approach of these papers is that of a computational experiment: calibrated simulations constitute a test of whether the models can explain certain dynamics which we observe in the data. The first paper investigates whether a calibrated two-sector neoclassical growth model can explain the magnitudes and the timing of capital flows in the Baltic countries after the fall of the Soviet Union. The results indicate that it can, and that the large and persistent trade deficits which we observe in the data need not be a reason to worry. However, the model also tells us that a reversal of capital flows and large sectoral adjustments lie ahead of the Baltic countries. In the second paper, the focus is on modelling the observed co-movement between consumption and the real exchange rate in Spain, which experienced large capital inflows following the entry into the European Community in 1986. In accordance with episodes of trade liberalization elsewhere, consumption in Spain boomed and the real exchange rate appreciated for several years after 1986. Standard two-sector models with traded and non-traded goods have problems accounting for these facts. The paper explores some mechanisms that can improve the standard modelling framework, and evaluates their quantitative importance in calibrated simulations for Spain. The third paper studies the government’s optimal bailout policy in an environment where sudden stops of capital flows cause financial crises in a small open economy. Real world events, such as the financial crises in the South East Asian countries in 1997, motivate the analysis. Compared to the previous essays, the paper is different in its nature in that it develops a highly stylized environment to analytically study the government’s optimal bailout policy. The paper shows that the government should optimally commit to a policy that only partially protects private debtors against inefficient liquidation.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2004
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Fadil, F. G. "Monetary management in small oil-based economies : The case of Kuwait." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378092.
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Symeou, Pavlos. "Telecommunications reform and performance in small economies : evidence from empirical studies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611468.
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Hongxu, Zhang. "Small businesses failure in emerging economies : insights from failed Chinese entrepreneurs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.730856.
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Gal, Michal S. "Competition policy for small market economies, market conditions under the magnifying glass." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ53773.pdf.
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Torres, ReneÌ Cabral. "Essays in monetary policy and exchange rate regimes for small open economies." Thesis, University of York, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425419.
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Kpentey, Bennet. "Small Business Merger and Acquisition Strategies for Raising Capital in Emerging Economies." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6447.
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About 70% of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) involving small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies fail because the strategies employed do not integrate all the critical success elements, leaving SMEs without the needed capital to take advantage of strategic and market opportunities. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the M&A strategies SME owners in Ghana employed to raise capital. Seth's value creation theory was the conceptual framework adopted for this study. The population consisted of 5 SME owners in Ghana who had successfully raised financial resources through inbound M&As within the past 10 years. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and review of corporate annual reports and M&A documents. The data were organized and analyzed using Yin's 5-step data analysis and cross-case synthesis techniques to identify patterns and emergent themes. The 6 themes that emerged from the analysis were value creation, control and autonomy, entrepreneurial quality, leadership, trustworthiness, and effective negotiation. SME owners can integrate entrepreneurial quality and effective negotiations to achieve successful closure of M&A deals. The findings of this study might facilitate SME access to capital for expansion and growth that will contribute to positive social change through job creation and increased youth employment in emerging economies.
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Liu, Meng Ze. "The study on sustainable tourism development over mini-economies :a case study of Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954257.
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Darius, Reginald. "The macroeconomics of small open economies : exchange rate regimes, output stability and welfare." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553165.
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Hampton, Mark P. "Offshore finance centres and small island economies : can and should Jersey be copied?" Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260066.
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Fernandes, Luke G. "Comparative Analysis of Exchange Rate Pass Through in Large vs. Small Open Economies." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1978.
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Thesis advisor: Georg StrasserExchange Rate Pass Through (ERPT) is the percentage change in a destination country’s import price given a percentage change in the exchange rate. A complete ERPT occurs when import price decreases by the same percentage as the depreciation of the exporting country’s currency and vice versa. In this paper I analyze ERPT in large and small open economies, and hypothesize that as destination economy size gets larger, ERPT will decrease. Reasons I provide to support this hypothesis are: the import share of exporters in destination economies, the demand elasticity that foreign exporters face, and the proportion of consumer demand to world demand that the foreign exporter faces. I find, with statistical significance, that ERPT decreases as the destination economy size increases. The main reason attributed to this inverse relationship is the import share of foreign exporters in destination economies. As import share of the foreign exporter increases, ERPT increases within those destination economies. Since foreign exporters have a higher chance of establishing a large import share in small economies than in large economies, they have a better chance of passing through exchange rate changes into destination country prices
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
Discipline: Economics
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Mtenga, Threza Louis. "The role of exchange rate in small open economies : the case of Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16690.
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Includes bibliographical referencesThis thesis addresses exchange rate behaviour in a de-facto partially dollarized economy. Over the past two decades the Tanzanian Shilling has been increasingly displaced by the United States dollar. This change has been prompted by instability of the local currency, and by the practices of foreign firms, which have used a dual pricing system at rates disadvantageous to the local currency. The implications of Tanzania's dollarization are traced through three related investigations: whether theTanzania Shilling to United States Dollar exchange rate overshoots, whether it has impacted the monetary transmission mechanism, and whether dollarization has substantively affected the pattern of Tanzania's foreign trade. The first study uses the Structural Vector Autoregression to test if the overshooting hypothesis holds for the TZS-USD exchange rate.The results suggest that foreign currency deposits are encouraged by the volatility of the exchange rate.In addition it is noted that the exchange rate demonstrates delayed overshooting, while a contractionary monetary policy leads to appreciation in the exchange rate for at least a year before returning to equilibrium. The determinants of the exchange rate in Tanzania are trade openness, real interest differentials, labour productivity and government expenditure. The second study uses a Bayesian Vector Autoregression to investigate the monetary transmission mechanism in the presence of dollarization. The results indicate that positive shocks on the interest rate contract money supply, which leads to lower output growth and inflation, while the exchange rate appreciates. The degree of dollarization also has a negative impact on the monetary supply of the local currency, as the central bank seeks to maintain a relatively constant rate of total money supply. This has the effect of lowering the inflation and interest rates, and is also associated with further depreciation of the exchange rate. The positive shock on the exchange rate (depreciation) is associated with an increase in dollarization.The aggregate demand shock fuels inflation and, in Tanzania's case, it has increased money supply, due to the persistent demand for real monetary balances. The third study uses a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium to describe the conduct of monetary policy in a small, open, and partially dollarized Tanzanian economy. The structure of the model incorporates the expectations of agents and the dynamic relationships are explained in terms of structural representations that characterize the behaviour of the firm, household and central bank. The parameters in the model are estimated with Bayesian techniques, after it has been applied to Tanzanian data. The effects of individual shocks, including those that may be used to describe the conduct of monetary policy, are then considered. These simulations suggest that despite the existence of partial dollarization in the Tanzanian economy, monetary policy has important, short-term, real effects. The fourth study uses an Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to investigate the short and long run exchange rate sensitivity of foreign trade. Principal components analysis is also used to reduce the dimension of the dataset. It finds evidence that the depreciation of the Shilling typically has an immediate positive impact on the trade balance, and exchange rate depreciation increases the trade balance in both the short and long run. However, exports show signs that support the J-curve hypothesis, though the associated parameters are not significant. Imports are not reduced by a rise in the Shilling, as traditional theory would suggest. This is ascribed to the country's de-facto partial dollarization. Since over 40 per cent of money supply arecurrently held in dollar denominated accounts, trade is largely immune to domestic currency fluctuations. This study also notesthat the use of foreign currency has tended to rise during periods of substantial economic growth. Although no causality is argued, this does suggest that the parallel use of foreign and domestic currencies is not detrimental to Tanzania's economic growth.
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Sîrb, Sorana Elena. "Barriers and incentives to green entrepreneurship in transition economies – case study of SMEs in Romania." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-221660.
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This master thesis investigates the possible factors that can influence green entrepreneurship in a transition economy. For this purpose, the case of SMEs in Romania was analyzed. This study uses qualitative methods for data collection. These data were collected through questionnaires and interviews in order to discover society's view on the current entrepreneurial environment for green business and to understand the motives, challenges, and obstacles of green entrepreneurs. A policy analysis was also undertaken using the latest data published from Small Business Act for Europe to present Romania's performance between 2008-2016. The main results reveal that in Romania green entrepreneurship is not policy driven and the society needs more information about the concept of green entrepreneurship. In order to identify similarities or differences in green orientated businesses in a transition economy, a comparison between the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Romania was conducted. It can be concluded that there are resemblances between the countries which have a transition economy but in the same time entrepreneurial culture, the economic and political frame are different in each country and can lead to different performances.
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Krasniqi, Besnik A. "Determinants of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Growth in Transition Economies : The Case of Kosova." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522120.
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Braunstein, Juergen. "Explaining sovereign wealth fund variation : the role of domestic politics in small open economies." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3406/.
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The emergence of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) — large state owned investment funds – is attracting increasing attention from academics and policy makers. However, this research begins by pointing out that SWFs can differ considerably. The research question is: What accounts for the establishment of different types of SWFs across and within countries? This research analyses the role of domestic state-society structures in policy-making processes and their effects on policy choices regarding SWFs. It empirically investigates whether and how policy networks affect decisions regarding the types and choices of SWFs. Particular emphasis is placed on SWFs with savings mandates, and SWFs with development mandates. Using process tracing on qualitative data, the research identifies key actors and interests involved in policy processes, and offers causal mechanisms that connect policy networks to decisions about the creation of different types of SWFs. Acknowledging the particular regional and historical contexts helps to account for the effects of networks within countries and across domains, and within domains across countries. Using a case study on the ‘types and choices of SWFs in Hong Kong and Singapore between the late 1960s and 1980s’, this research examines whether domestic policy networks affect national decisions about SWF creation. These are hard cases for theories that emphasise the importance of domestic state-society structures. After all, over this period Hong Kong and Singapore were extremely exposed to international diffusion and economic pressures, and existing research emphasises a set of important factors (e.g. macro-economic characteristics, international economic pressures, diffusion). The present research draws attention to four key findings between the 1960s–1980s: there were external pressures to which Hong Kong and Singapore had to respond and different policy choices were available and discussed; policy networks included and excluded actors that were making these decisions; there were systematic linkages between the type of policy networks and the type of SWFs; these had important implications for actors and created winners and losers. Thereby this research adds to the ongoing debate on whether policy networks matter in explaining policy choices. It is doing that in four ways. To date, policy network approaches provide rather crude hypotheses on the effects of policy networks on a broad set of state strategies and forms of adjustment. These are difficult to verify because they are very broad. The present study offers a critique of policy network literature and develops policy network analysis with regard to causal mechanisms and hypotheses.
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Machold, Silke. "Local-level policies for small firm sector development in Russia and Hungary : a comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/87690.
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Mason, Pamela Jill. "Sustainable income and the depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313842.
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Freitas, Carmen Marisela Fernandes. "Entrepreneurship in small and remote island economies : the case of the outermost regions of Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608089.
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Primus, Keyra. "Essays on monetary and fiscal policies in small open economies : the case of Trinidad and Tobago." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-monetary-and-fiscal-policies-in-small-open-economies-the-case-of-trinidad-and-tobago(b7831322-d96a-4224-8845-957a11f5227f).html.
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Trinidad and Tobago is a small open economy that faces macroeconomic policy challenges which are related to imperfections in the financial sector and volatility of energy sector revenues. Specifically, two of the key issues policymakers are grappling with are high levels of excess reserves and the optimal management of the economy's resource revenues—in the face of domestic and external shocks to the energy sector. This thesis uses a general equilibrium modeling approach to examine the dynamic effects of these policy challenges on the Trinidad and Tobago economy. In the first case, this study examines the financial and real effects of excess reserves in a New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model with monopoly banking, credit market imperfections and a cost channel. The model explicitly accounts for the fact that banks in Trinidad and Tobago hold excess reserves and they incur costs in holding these assets. Simulations of a shock to required reserves show that although raising reserve requirements is successful in sterilizing excess reserves, it creates a procyclical effect for real economic activity. This result implies that financial stability may come at a cost of macroeconomic stability. The findings also indicate that using an augmented Taylor rule in which the policy interest rate is adjusted in response to changes in excess reserves reduces volatility in output and inflation but increases fluctuations in financial variables. To the contrary, using a countercyclical reserve requirement rule helps to mitigate fluctuations in excess reserves, but increases volatility in real variables. Moreover, this research uses an open economy Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model to analyze the transmission of resource price shocks and a shock to resource production in the Trinidad and Tobago economy. It also applies alternative fiscal rules to determine the optimal allocation of resource windfalls between spending today and saving in a sovereign wealth fund. The results show that spending all the resource windfall on consumption and investment creates more volatility and amplifies Dutch disease effects, when compared to the case where all the excess revenues are saved. Also, neither a policy of full spending nor full saving of the surplus revenue inflows is optimal if the government is concerned about both household welfare and fiscal stability. In order to minimize deviations from both objectives, the optimal fiscal response suggests that a larger fraction of the resource windfalls should be saved, than what the government is presently saving.
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Azad, Hamid Reza. "Insulation of Small Open Economics in the Presence of External Disturbances Under Alternative Exchange Rate Systems." DigitalCommons@USU, 1988. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4377.
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This study analyzes the determination of the exchange rate system in a small economy when external real and monetary disturbances occur. Choice of exchange rate policy is investigated using a model assuming rational expectations and a loss function expressing the squared deviations of the small country output from desired output. The distinguishing feature of the analysis is the emphasis on real as well as monetary disturbances which originate abroad but are a source of domestic output variation. the link between foreign monetary and real disturbances and variance in output is traced using the thoretical model and the loss function assumed.
The emphasis of the analysis is on a three country (one small and two large) trading situation, whereby the small country trades with two major large country trading partners. It is assumed throughout that there is perfect commodity arbitrage between two large countries. The small country imports an intermediate good from one of the large countries and exports a finished good. The small country doesnot import goods for consumption. there is perfect capital movement between two large countries, but capital is immobile between the small and these two large countries.
The analysis indicates that occurrence of purely nominal shocks abroad are not transmitted to the small country under floating exchange rate system. The presence of real disturbances in large countries induce lower prices for the goods they produce, but the effect on the exchange rate is ambiguos. This study concludes that in general the adoption of a flexible exchange rate system by a small country is preferred and results in lower loss in most cases of external disturbance.
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Staines, Adreene Sheree. "The growth of SMES in Jamaica : Constraints and obstacles to firm and national performance in small economies." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506230.
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Syeddah, Arzoo Fatima. "A dialectical discourse on responsible business behaviour within small medium enterprises : a case study of Pakistan." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9598.
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This thesis investigates the dialectical nature of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) phenomenon a common buzzword in today’s globalized economy. The emergence of CSR as a significant issue in recent years can be attributed to the expectation in developed countries for business to engage with society beyond their commercial interests. Business are now under sustained pressure to be held publicly accountable for their activities. The research shed light on two research gaps identified within business ethics- idea of business responsibility firstly in the context of the big economic players of tomorrow- emerging markets; and secondly in relation to small and medium enterprises. Adopting a phenomenological approach based on Critical Theory and Hermeneutics framework, the research attempted to uncover the link between business and ethics in relation to SMEs. This led to the construction of a theoretical model –A.R.T Model, aimed at enhancing understanding of how SMEs perceive and practice socially responsible behaviour. Contribution to knowledge was also made in applying Bourdieu’s Theory of Logic of Practice to explain actions of SME owner-managers; and carrying out a comparative analysis of Social Capital theory versus normative Stakeholder Theory to describe workings of SMEs towards their stakeholders. These contributions met the objectives of the study: creation of a ‘native’ model of social responsibility for SMEs in Pakistan (reflective of the local social reality) using a business ethics and cultural construction; and exploring the nature and evolution of CSR in emerging markets. The research also revealed that socially responsible practices by SMEs are inherently informal and voluntary in nature, driven more so by ethical than religious motivations. Furthermore, philosophical synergies were created between the A.R.T model and the normative construct consisting of Classical antiquities - Kant, Adam Smith and Machiavelli, which bridged the gap between theory and CSR driven practice.
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Hwang, Chung-Hoon. "Influences of exogenous shocks on three Asian small open economies : evidence using a structural VAR with block exogeneity /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025625.
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Chinaka, Malvern. "Blockchain technology -- applications in improving financial inclusion in developing economies : case study for small scale agriculture in Africa." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104542.
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Thesis: S.M. in Management Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [44]-[45]).
Access to appropriate financial services is still a major challenge in many developing economies. Efforts to resolve these challenges are generally included in the wider financial inclusion initiatives, which aim to provide universal access to affordable, quality financial services, which targeted markets will find useful in meeting financial needs. The lack of financial inclusion is generally worse for remote communities that are normally dependent on agriculture for generating an income. In this study, I review some of these challenges, with a particular focus on small scale farming in Africa, highlighting some of the products that these farmers may require but cannot access at the time of writing. The main focus is finance products that farmers cannot access, mostly because they lack suitable assets that banks recognize as collateral to minimize risk. Nevertheless, these farmers hold claim to assets such as livestock, land and harvests, which, unfortunately cannot be easily used as collateral. Technology, may however, be applied to improve the way farmers may benefit from these assets. I review the potential of implementing blockchain technology to facilitate transfer of value based on the assets that farmers cannot fully take advantage of in the current financial system. I review some of the potential pitfalls to applying this technology, with a particular emphasis on the local conditions in the African markets under consideration.
by Malvern Chinaka.
S.M. in Management Studies
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Mehmood, Sultan Tahir. "Success Factors of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Rural Economies." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10826749.
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One factor of the leadership stratagem is to account for the core values, operations, and growth of the organization. The purpose of this case study was to ascertain the financial strategies small business leaders incorporate to help ensure growth of small businesses. The conceptual framework of Schumpeter’s innovation and entrepreneurship theory and the Grameen model were included to drive the scope and analysis of this study. A purposive sample of 8 leaders from successful small businesses in Islamabad contributed to a focus group session; 4 out of these participants originated from the finance and management department and 4 represented sales and product development departments working in 3 outlets of the firm. Transcript review and member checking were used to support the reliability of the interpretation of participants regarding what they said and meant from their responses. Moreover, company documents were reviewed to triangulate the data. Yin’s 5-step data analysis plan was used for the final data analysis. Four major themes surfaced from data analysis: Microfinance, product quality, customer care, and strategic vision. These endorse business leader stratagem and association to their mission, financial strategy, overall business operations, and survival and growth. Product quality is vital to maintain and retain valuable customer for revenue generation. Customer care is emphasized for its importance as an ethical practice and gaining customers confidence. Strategic vision is recognized as the foremost leadership skillset to plan and organize future business strategies effectively, which impacts business growth and longevity. The outcome of this study may contribute to positive social change by enhancing understanding of the leadership strategies that impact the longevity of the business to secure jobs and benefit employees, their families, and the surrounding community.
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Kim, Hwansuk. "Determinants of technological change in the Korean machine tool industry a comparison of large and small firms /." Thesis, Online version, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.319609.
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Barrail, Halley Zulma. "Expansion of the Middle Class, Consumer Credit Markets and Volatility in Emerging Countries:." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107373.
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Thesis advisor: Peter IrelandThe literature on real business cycles finds that one reason why emerging economies are more volatile than developed small open economies is that they face greater financial frictions. Indeed, according to several measures of financial depth and access, financial systems in emerging countries are on average less developed than those in developed small open economies. Despite the lag in financial development, private credit, particularly unsecured credit to households, has been steadily increasing during the last two decades in emerging countries in Latin America. During this period of rising credit, various countries in the region observed an increase in the size of their middle income class population and the emergence of the vendor financing channel in their consumption credit market. Estimates by the World Bank suggest that the share of middle class households increased from 20.9 % in 1995 to 40.7 % in 2010. In addition, the share of poor households was approximately halved and reached 23.4 % at the end of this 15 year period. This phenomenon not only increased credit demand but also motivated the entry of new suppliers in the consumer credit market in countries like Mexico, Colombia, Chile and Brazil. In spite of a significant decline in unemployment in recent years, the lack of formal employment and poor credit history were still impeding many individuals from gaining access to consumer finance from traditional financial institutions. In order to enable new middle class shoppers access items typically offered by large retail stores, the retailers themselves started offering credit. In this dissertation, I study the relationship between middle class size, unsecured credit markets and aggregate consumption volatility in emerging countries. In the first chapter of this thesis, we examine the link between middle class size and consumption growth volatility using a sample of middle income countries. In the second chapter, we study the effect of an expansion of the middle class on vendor financing incentives and unsecured credit supply on its extensive margin. In the third chapter, I study business cycle implications of a reduction in the share of financially excluded households in an emerging economy. In the first chapter, I empirically examine the effect of middle income class size on consumption growth volatility in emerging countries. Using a panel data of middle income countries, I find that a larger middle class size tends to increase aggregate consumption growth volatility, particularly at lower levels of financial system depth. Financial development plays a significant role in determining the sign of the marginal effect of middle class size on aggregate volatility. Unlike emerging countries, the effect of the size of the middle class and the role of financial development on consumption volatility in developed countries is ambiguous. The key message of this analysis is that as more households escape poverty thresholds and reach the middle income class status in developing and emerging economies, it becomes more important to deepen financial systems from the perspective of aggregate consumption volatility. In the second chapter, I explore through the lens of a theoretical model, potential reasons triggering an increase in credit supplied by the non traditional financial sector, i.e vendors, at the extensive margin. I find that a reduction in the average risk of default and an increase in the market size of credit customers raise vendor financing incentives. This model rationalizes the observation that the improvement of economic conditions of the low-income and financially constrained households potentially led to increased credit supply by vendors in several countries of Latin America. In the third chapter, I study business cycle implications of a decline in household financial exclusion in a dynamic general equilibrium model suitable for emerging economies. Using Mexico as a case study, I estimate the model with Bayesian methods for the period 1995 to 2014. Standard measures of predictive accuracy suggest that the extended business cycle model with limited credit market participation outperforms a model with zero financial exclusion. The results of the estimation suggest that a rise in credit market participation in an emerging economy increases aggregate volatility of key macroeconomic aggregates, and that financial frictions play a key role in this relationship. I confirm this prediction by re-estimating the model for Mexico after splitting the sample into two non- overlapping decades. A key implication derived in this chapter is that a reduction of financial exclusion within an emerging country may lead to higher consumption growth volatility and trade balance volatility, and that fewer financial frictions dampen the marginal effect. As household financial access increases in these countries, a greater need for improving broad financial development measures arises
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Gundu, Tapiwa. "Towards an information security awareness process for engineering SMEs in emerging economies." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007179.
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With most employees in Engineering Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) now having access to their own personal workstations, the need for information security management to safeguard against loss/alteration or theft of the firms’ important information has increased. These Engineering SMEs tend to be more concerned with vulnerabilities from external threats, although industry research suggests that a substantial proportion of security incidents originate from insiders within the firm. Hence, technical preventative measures such as antivirus software and firewalls are proving to solve only part of the problem as the employees controlling them lack adequate information security knowledge. This tends to expose a firm to risk and costly mistakes made by naïve/uninformed employees. This dissertation presents an information security awareness process that seeks to cultivate positive security behaviours using a behavioural intention model based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, Protection Motivation Theory and the Behaviourism Theory. The process and model have been refined and verified using expert review and tested through action research at an Engineering SME in South Africa. The main finding was information security levels of employees within the firm were low, but the proposed information security awareness process increased their knowledge thereby positively altering their behaviour.
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Lawan, Umar. "Female entrepreneurship in Nigeria : an investigation." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2454.
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The significant contributions of female entrepreneurs to both the social and economic development of their various countries have been recognized over the past two decades. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) found that between 17 and 41 percent of the female adult population set up new businesses in developing economies. However, these females owning businesses in developing economies generally exhibit limited aspirations for growth, with 84.6 percent of the female entrepreneurs indicating that they expect to add fewer than five employees in the coming five years. Moreover, most of the literature on female entrepreneurs in developing economies has focused on the business start-up phase; limited knowledge exists on the post start-up phase. This study addresses this gap by using institutional theory to investigate the development of businesses run by female entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Qualitative interviews were used to collect data from Nigerian female entrepreneurs. The data gathered was analysed using the thematic method. The finding reveal ways in which Nigerian female entrepreneurs transform their creative ideas into products and services that have potential for growth. Nigerian female businesses exhibit growth characteristics through the concern they have for quality and reputation, organizational design, earlier preparation for business growth, response to changes in technology and strong commitment to business success. The major factors facilitating the development of businesses run by Nigerian female entrepreneurs are membership of clubs and societies, a supportive husband, operating from home as well as their network affiliation with their relatives, friends, professionals, religious groups and NGOs. The factors inhibiting the development of businesses run by female entrepreneurs in Nigeria include poor savings culture, inappropriate business practice, lack of qualified artisan workers, lack of honest and reliable staff, balancing business and family, high-based thinking and fear of pseudo growth. The thesis contributes to the institutional theory framework through the addition of components in three key areas: funding barriers (such as female entrepreneurs in polygamous home, lack of ethical mortgage arrangements, lack of inheritance right by women and loan officers’ perception on women lifestyle), profitability (such as high import and export taxes on raw materials, high cost of transportation and illegal fees charges by government officials), and networking (such as support from NGOs and religious bodies). Methodologically, the present study adds to the growing body of qualitative research in entrepreneurship notably to our understanding of the issues that female small business owners in Nigeria face in sustaining and growing their businesses. The current study has practical implications for policy makers and female entrepreneurs. Areas for further research are also identified.
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Dainoff, Charles A. "OUTLAW HEAVEN: WHY STATES BECOME TAX HAVENS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/polysci_etds/24.
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It is the argument of this dissertation that states become tax havens as a conscious economic development strategy. These states – more properly referred to as "jurisdictions" because some lack the sovereignty of the traditional Westphalian state – do not have the natural resources or the population to pursue more traditional economic development strategies, but they do have the ability to write or implement laws that create a virtual resource: banking secrecy. These jurisdictions are able to carry out this strategy because they tend to be well-governed, stable, and relatively wealthy, making them attractive partners for the international banking, legal, and accounting firms that drive offshore finance, and then for their customers – both individual and corporate – as well. The qualities tax havens possess also enable them to calculate that the benefits they reap from pursuing this strategy outweigh any penalties assessed by anti-tax haven international collective action activities, such as the naming and shaming campaigns of 2000.
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Peter, Wuraola. "Financial Barriers and Response Strategies to Support Women Entrepreneurs in Rural Nigeria." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42689.
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Women entrepreneurs play increasingly important roles in job creation and sustainable economic growth in developing economies, including sub-Saharan Africa. While Nigeria has made progress in closing gender gaps in women’s employment rights, financial inclusion and access to resources remain challenges for many women who seek to start and grow businesses. Barriers to venture creation are particularly problematic for women entrepreneurs living in rural Nigeria. Yet, few studies have examined women entrepreneurs’ access to capital in the context of rural Nigeria, including the perceived value of informal lenders and government support programs. This thesis informs the literature by reporting on women entrepreneurs who own and operate retail micro-enterprises in rural, South-West Nigeria, specifically Atakunmosa West, Osun State. The study findings demonstrate the value and limitations of informal lenders, such as Ajo and Esusu, in bridging institutional voids in banking practices and technology-enabled money services. Drawing on the social feminist and resource-based theory, the study advances a conceptual model of the gendered context of financial inclusion and considers the implications for research and policy.
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Doern, Rachel R. "Understanding barriers to small business growth from the perspective of owner-managers in Russia." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/546.
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Molwelwa, Onalenna. "The future of national flag carriers in developing countries : air Botswana's privatisation struggle." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1937.
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Magister Economicae - MEconThe study looked particularly at the operations of national carriers and governments' efforts to sustain the airlines' operations. Evidence has shown that many countries struggle to maintain operations of their flag carriers, but few countries are willing to completely leave the airlines in the hands of the private sector because of national pride. On the other hand, many of those airlines that get into private hands fail and end up being closed down or go back into state hands. These airlines are also perceived to be development tools, in particular for tourism development which is a predominant economic activity in many developing countries. For this reason, many states do not favour privatisation, even though the perception is that the airline industry is better handled by private businesses. The main conclusion of the study for Botswana is therefore that neither full state ownership nor full privatisation is the solution to addressing the problem of ailing flag carriers. There is no single solution, but a combination of several. A broader global view of national airline operations clearly shows that approaches adopted by many successful national airlines, in both developed and developing countries, is some form of partial privatisation.
South Africa
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Winarto, Vincentius. "Small business entrepreneurs in vertical marketing systems." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4156.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the potential
contribution of vertical marketing systems to the
development of small business entrepreneurs and in
particular to entrepreneurially disadvantaged groups. The
following are the two major questions for this study:
1. Do vertical linkage systems serve as a pathway for the
entrepreneurially disadvantaged groups, namely those
with no entrepreneurial experience, from families without
business background, and from indigenous ethnic groups?
The modernization process in Third World countries, and
in particular Indonesia, may create a widening gap
between the modern and the traditional sectors. Vertical
relationship systems with their unique characteristics
(e. g. a symbiotic relationship between large and small
business operation) may contribute towards reducing this
gap through developing the entrepreneurially
disadvantaged groups into business careers.
2. Do vertical relationships accomodatb, independent
entrepreneurs?
It is assumed that independent entrepreneurs can perform
better entrepreneurial functions than those
"entrepreneurs" who are constrained by external power.
There are doubts whether the vertical relationship,
characterized by a large firm's dominant role, can
accomodate independent entrepreneurs.
This study reveals that despite many problems and
limitations a tight-control type of vertical marketing
system can serve as a pathway for individuals from
entrepreneurially disadvantaged groups to become successful
modern-type entrepreneurs. The performance of these
disadvantaged groups is equal to that of other different
groups. Also, independent entrepreneurs exist in all the
vertical marketing systems studied.
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McLaughlin, Daniel Patrick. "A small econometric model of the Irish economy." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390284.
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Poutziouris, Panayiotis. "A growth model of small manufacturing firms in Cyprus." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357086.
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