Academic literature on the topic 'Small groups Conversion'
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Journal articles on the topic "Small groups Conversion"
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Miao, Junhui, Bin Meng, Jun Liu, and Lixiang Wang. "Small-Molecule Donor/Polymer Acceptor Type Organic Solar Cells: Effect of Terminal Groups of Small-Molecule Donors." Organic Materials 01, no. 01 (November 2019): 088–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401017.
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Small-molecule donor/polymer acceptor type (MD/PA-type) organic solar cells (OSCs) have the great advantage of superior thermal stability. However, very few small molecular donors can match polymer acceptors, leading to low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of MD/PA-type OSCs. In this work, we studied the effect of terminal groups of small molecular donors on the optoelectronic properties and OSC device performance of MD/PA-type OSCs. We select a benzodithiophene unit bearing carbazolyl substituents as the core, terthiophene as the bridging unit, and electron-withdrawing methyl 2-cyanoacetate, 3-ethylrhodanine, and 2H-indene-1,3-dione as the terminal groups to develop three small-molecule donors. With the increase of the electron-withdrawing capability of the terminal groups, the small molecular donors exhibit redshifted absorption spectra and downshifted LUMO levels. Among the three small-molecule donors, the one with 3-ethylrhodanine terminal group exhibits the best photovoltaic performance with the PCE of 8.0% in MD/PA-type OSCs. This work provides important guidelines for the design of small-molecule donors for MD/PA-type OSC applications.
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Marqués, Pablo Simón, José María Andrés Castán, Pierre Josse, Martin Blais, Amir Hossein Habibi, Ivan Ramirez, Karsten Walzer, Jean Roncali, Philippe Blanchard, and Clément Cabanetos. "Effect of 4-biphenyl groups on the charge transport and photovoltaic properties of arylamine based push–pull systems." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 27 (2020): 11441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj02019b.
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The synthesis of two N,N-bis(4-biphenylyl)aniline (BPA) based push–pull is reported herein. Evaluation as donor materials in all-small-molecule planar-heterojunction organic solar cells lead to impressive fill factor (>73%) and promising power conversion efficiencies.
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Morales-Ramos, J. A., M. G. Rojas, and A. T. Dossey. "Age-dependent food utilisation of Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in small groups at two temperatures." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 4, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2017.0062.
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Insects hold potential as a sustainable source of animal protein. In recent years a new and rapidly growing industry of insect-based foods has emerged. The house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), is one of the most important insect species being produced commercially in the USA for feed and food. However, the price of cricket powder remains much higher in comparison with other animal sources of protein. This study seeks to contribute to reduce cricket production costs by determining food conversion efficiency at different ages as a mean of establishing an optimal harvesting age. Two temperature treatments of 27 and 29 °C consisting of 27 groups of five crickets each were monitored weekly to measure food consumption and growth for a period of 10 and 9 weeks respectively. Data were used to calculate efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) for each week and treatment. Crickets at 27 °C produced more biomass and adults were significantly larger than those developing at 29 °C. The peak individual weekly biomass gain was observed at the end of 8 weeks at 27 °C (87.9±8.1 mg) (mean ± SEM) and at the end of 6 weeks at 29 °C (51.4±7.1 mg). Mean ECI values during weeks 1 to 8 at 27 °C (20.7, 22.6, 22, 20.8, 21.6, 20.9, 20, and 16.5%) and weeks 1 to 6 at 29 °C (18, 24.4, 19.9, 18.9, 21.1, and 16.4%) did not differ significantly. Decline of ECI values was better explained by the increase in adult proportions than by mortality. The optimal age to harvest based on food consumption and cricket biomass gain ratios was at the end of 8 weeks at 27 °C and at the end of 6 weeks at 29 °C. An economic analysis resulted in slightly higher profits ($ 1.04 USD) per g of hatchling/year at 27 °C.
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Maitra, Gayatri, Kevin Inchley, Richard J. Novick, Ruud A. W. Veldhuizen, James F. Lewis, and Fred Possmayer. "Acute lung injury and lung transplantation influence in vitro subtype conversion of pulmonary surfactant." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 282, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): L67—L74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2002.282.1.l67.
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The effects of surfactant treatment on surfactant subtype conversion after lung injury were examined. Dogs were subjected to hyperventilation for 8 h with or without surfactant treatment. Lungs were stored for 17 h, and the right lung was transplanted and reperfused for 6 h. Conversion of large aggregate (LA) surfactant to small aggregates was investigated using in vitro surface area cycling. LA from transplanted lungs (Transplant-LA) from the nontreated group converted more rapidly than Transplant-LA from the treated group. Transplant-LA from both groups converted more rapidly than LA from normal lungs. Calculations based on [3H]dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine in the administered surfactant [bovine lipid extract surfactant (BLES)] showed that the endogenous component of Transplant-LA converted more rapidly than the exogenous component. This indicates exogenous BLES did not equilibrate completely with endogenous surfactant. LA from hyperventilated, stored donor right lungs and from the recipients' native lungs from the nontreated group converted more rapidly than corresponding LA in the BLES-treated group. Similar relative conversions were observed with exogenous components from all lungs. Relative conversion of endogenous component from Transplant-LA was more rapid than that from LA from donor's stored right lung or from the recipient's native right lung. Low levels of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride inhibited conversion of Transplant-LA to a greater extent than normal LA. LA from all experimental groups had similar protein levels. These studies show acute lung injury, transplant, ischemia-reperfusion, and surfactant treatment have major effects on surfactant subtype integrity.
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Deng, Jiyong, Qiang Tao, Dong Yan, Xianwei Huang, and Yunfeng Liao. "Quinoxaline-Based Small Molecules: Synthesis and Investigation on Their Optoelectronic Properties." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2018-0021.
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Abstract Small molecules of ThQuTh, CzQuTh, CzQuCz and TPAQuCz were designed and synthesized, based on quinoxaline acceptor, and electron donating groups, i.e. alkyl-thioephene, carbazole and triphenylamine on both side chains and molecular backbones. Their thermal, optical and electrochemical properties were systematically compared and studied. The absorption spectra of the small molecules were strongly affected by the donor units attached to quinoxaline. Strong electron donating groups, such as carbazole on the molecular backbone would lower optical band gap, resulting in a wide absorption and the strong donor on the side chain would enhance the absorption intensity in short wavelength region. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of the four molecules were up-shifted with increasing the electron donating properties of donor units. The bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells with a device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/SMs:PC61BM/LiF/Al were fabricated, in which the small molecules functioned as donors while PC61BM as acceptor. Because the electron-donating ability of carbazole (Cz), triphenylamine (TPA) is higher than that of thiophene (Th), CzQuTh, CzQuCz and TPAQuCz show higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) than that of ThQuTh. Furthermore, being the strongest in absorption intensity and widest in absorption spectrum, TPAQuCz has the highest power conversion efficiency. Further improvement of the device efficiency by optimizing the device structure is currently under investigation
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Tanabe, Koji, Daniel Haag, and Marius Wernig. "Direct somatic lineage conversion." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1680 (October 19, 2015): 20140368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0368.
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The predominant view of embryonic development and cell differentiation has been that rigid and even irreversible epigenetic marks are laid down along the path of cell specialization ensuring the proper silencing of unrelated lineage programmes. This model made the prediction that specialized cell types are stable and cannot be redirected into other lineages. Accordingly, early attempts to change the identity of somatic cells had little success and was limited to conversions between closely related cell types. Nuclear transplantation experiments demonstrated, however, that specialized cells even from adult mammals can be reprogrammed into a totipotent state. The discovery that a small combination of transcription factors can reprogramme cells to pluripotency without the need of oocytes further supported the view that these epigenetic barriers can be overcome much easier than assumed, but the extent of this flexibility was still unclear. When we showed that a differentiated mesodermal cell can be directly converted to a differentiated ectodermal cell without a pluripotent intermediate, it was suggested that in principle any cell type could be converted into any other cell type. Indeed, the work of several groups in recent years has provided many more examples of direct somatic lineage conversions. Today, the question is not anymore whether a specific cell type can be generated by direct reprogramming but how it can be induced.
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Johri, Goonj, Gyan Chand, Nitish Gupta, Chaitra Sonthineni, Anjali Mishra, Gaurav Agarwal, Sabaretnam Mayilvaganan, Ashok Kumar Verma, and Saroj Kanta Mishra. "Feasibility of Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via Axilla and Breast Approaches for Larger Goiters: Widening the Horizons." Journal of Thyroid Research 2018 (October 2, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4057542.
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Scarless (in the neck) endoscopic thyroidectomy (SET) has evolved into a cosmetically preferred alternative to conventional thyroidectomy (ConT). Recently many of our patients are demanding SET; however their goitres are larger than the recommended size of 4–6 cm. Our aim was to compare the outcomes of ET for small (<6 cm) vs large (≥6 cm) goitres and determine its feasibility in such cases. This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing ET. Patients were divided into 2 groups: I, small (<6 cm) and II, large goitres (≥6 cm). Their demographic and clinicopathological profiles, operation time, conversion and complication rates, and hospital stay were compared. 99 patients (101 procedures) were included: group I, 60 patients (61 procedures), and group II, 39 patients (40 procedures). Mean tumor size (± SD) was 4.4 ± 0.9 cm and 6.7 ± 1.1 cm in groups I and II, respectively. The groups were comparable with respect to demographic and clinical profile except for mean duration of goiter [30.1 ± 32.6 months (group I) vs 60.5 ± 102.4 months (group I), p = 0.03] and gland weight [21.5 ± 15.3 grams (group I) vs 62.3 ± 51.3 grams (group II), p = 0.001]. Although there was no significant difference between mean operating times, long term perioperative outcomes, and conversion rates, temporary hypocalcaemia and length of stay were longer in group II. One patient had permanent vocal cord palsy (~1%, 1/101); none had permanent hypoparathyroidism. Our results indicate that ET can be offered to a subset of patients with larger goitres desirous of SET with no significant difference in mean operation time, conversions, and long term postoperative complications in experienced hands.
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Thompson, M. H., and J. R. Benger. "Cholecystectomy, Conversion and Complications." HPB Surgery 11, no. 6 (January 1, 2000): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/56760.
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Background Faced with a difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy the surgeon may feel that conversion to open operation would risk greater complications because of the laparotomy. Information on the effect of conversion is lacking. The purpose of this study is to measure the complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and observe the effect of the conversion rate.Methods A total of 957 patients were studied. There were three consecutive series of patients; the first undergoing open cholecystectomy (384 patients), the second laparoscopic cholecystectomy with a 5.8% conversion rate (412 patients) and the third laparoscopic cholecystectomy with a 1.3% conversion rate (161 patients). Data was collected prospectively using a continuous audit, and the complication rate compared on an intention to treat basis. In addition a panel of experienced surgeons was asked to score the complications depending on their severity and a composite complication score calculated. Comparison between the 3 groups was then undertaken. Results Open cholecystectomy produced a postoperative complication rate of 6%. Initially this appeared to fall to 3.1% with the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, but when the complications occurring in the converted patients were included (i.e., on an intention to treat basis) the rate increased to 5.6% in the first group of laparoscopically- treated patients and 3.1% in the second. These differences were not statistically significant. A similar pattern emerged when scoring the severity of the complications as judged by the expert panel. The inclusion of intra-operative complications appears to remove any small advantage for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The reduction in the conversion rate between the two laparoscopic groups from 5.8% to 1.2% was statistically significant.Conclusion When considered on an intention to treat basis laparoscopic cholecystectomy offers no advantage over open operation in terms of the frequency or severity of complications. Reducing the frequency of conversion from a laparoscopic to an open procedure also has no significant effect on the complications encountered. We conclude, therefore, that the complication rate is independent of the conversion rate and that the surgeon, when faced with difficulty at laparoscopic cholecystectomy, should not be deterred from converting to open operation for fear of the post-operative consequences.
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Gallagher, Shea P., Amir Abolhoda, Vincent E. Kirkpatrick, Areo G. Saffarzadeh, May S. Thein, and Samuel E. Wilson. "Learning Curve of Robotic Lobectomy for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by a Thoracic Surgeon Adept in Open Lobectomy." Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 13, no. 5 (September 2018): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/imi.0000000000000552.
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Objective The aim of the study was to characterize the clinical outcomes and learning curve during the adoption of a robotic platform for lobectomy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer by a thoracic surgeon experienced in open thoracotomy. Methods Retrospective review of 157 consecutive patients (57 open thoracotomies, 100 robotic lobectomies) treated with lobectomy for clinical stage I or II non-small cell lung cancer between 2007 and 2014. Clinical outcomes were compared between the open thoracotomy group and five consecutive groups of 20 robotic lobectomies. We used the following six metrics to evaluate learning curve: operative time, conversion to open, estimated blood loss, hospitalization duration, overall morbidity, and pathologic nodal upstaging. Results The robotic and open thoracotomy groups had equivalent preoperative characteristics, except for a higher proportion of clinical stage IA patients in the robotic cohort. The robotic group, as a whole, had lower intraoperative blood loss, less overall morbidity, shorter chest tube duration, and shorter length of hospital stay as compared with the open thoracotomy group. Operative time demonstrated a bimodal learning curve. Conversion rate diminished from 22.5% in the first two robotic groups to 6.7% in the latter three groups. The rate of pathologic nodal upstaging was statistically equivalent to the open thoracotomy group. Conclusions Adoption of a robotic platform for lobectomy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer by an experienced open thoracic surgeon is safe and feasible, with fewer complications, less blood loss, and equivalent nodal sampling rate even during the learning curve. The conversion to open rate significantly dropped after the first 40 robotic lobectomies, and operative time for robotic lobectomy approached open thoracotomy after 60 cases, after a bimodal curve.
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Grishchenko, Liudmyla, Natalia S. Novychenko, Igor Matushko, Alexander N. Zaderko, Galyna G. Tsapyuk, Oleksandr V. Mischanchuk, Vitaliy E. Diyuk, and Vladyslav V. Lisnyak. "Catalytic efficiency of activated carbon functionalized with phosphorus-containing groups in 2-propanol dehydration." French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2019): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/fujcv7i1p46-56.
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The functionalization of activated carbon (AC) by P-containing groups was conducted, and their thermal desorption was studied. Depending on the used method, the functionalized AC contains 0.5–1.45 mmol/g of acidic groups acting in catalytic 2-propanol dehydration. All catalysts showed 100% conversion of 2-propanol to propylene. The catalytic activity does not change with time under isothermal conditions and during their repeated use in catalysis, for 3 cycles of heating-cooling. In fact, the yield of propylene remains stable; it does not decrease with each cycle. Preliminary oxidation with nitric acid causes a small increase in the catalytic activity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Small groups Conversion"
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Griffioen, T. Robert. "Patience and urgency in biblical conversion implications for small groups /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Astin, Paul. "Personalization in small learning communities supporting teachers' new roles in a conversion small learning community middle school /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1693037431&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Pihlgren, Ann S. "Socrates in the Classroom : Rationales and Effects of Philosophizing with Children." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Education, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7392.
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Wong, Mei-tak, and 王美德. "Management of overlapping talk in small group discussions by Hong Kongsecondary school students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007652.
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Fujimoto, Donna T. "Agreement and Disagreement: Novice Language Learners in Small Group Discussion." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/191866.
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EnglishEd.D.
While the small group discussion is widely used in language classes, there is little empirical research on its efficacy. This research specifically focuses on novice level language students in order to understand the ways that they express agreement and disagreement in group interaction. This study utilizes the methodological framework of Conversation Analysis conducting a micro-analysis of student turn-taking practices and their embodied behavior. This research uncovered the fact that the novice level language learners utilized resources that are not generally considered when investigating agreement and disagreement. Nonverbal actions such as smiles and gaze shifts accomplished affiliative work mitigating disagreement turns. Facial expression, laughter, and gestures were often relied on to compensate for deficits in grammar and lexicon. A second finding of the research was that the students were able to accomplish significantly more as members of a group than they could as individuals. The multi-person context created a framework enabling members to participate. The students demonstrated a high level of collaboration, joining in word searches, successfully constructing collaborated completions, and frequently offering support to each other through receipt tokens, nods, and smiles. They proved to be each other's best resource. Another finding of the study was the importance of basic patterns of turns in effective group discussion. For example, in order for an argumentative sequence to emerge, a third response was expected: Turn 1, the claim; Turn 2, disagreement; and, Turn 3, defense, counterattack, or concession by the first speaker or a different speaker. For less skillful groups where topics were not well developed, only two-part sequences were utilized, not allowing subsequent and related talk to occur. Finally, this study contributes to research on the acquisition of disagreement strategies. Surprisingly, in expressing disagreement, these novice level language students employed a number of different means to express disagreement that were more often associated with advanced learners. For example, they delayed their disagreement turns, and they utilized accounts, exemplification, and elaboration when disagreeing. Though these students were not always able to express themselves fluently, they were nevertheless quite capable in expressing agreement and disagreement in the target language.
Temple University--Theses
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Nishimaki, Kenta. "Characteristics of Spoken and Written Communication in the Opening and Closing Sections of Instant Messaging." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1548.
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This study examines opening and closing segments in instant messaging (IM) and demonstrates how openings and closings differ between oral conversation and instant messaging as well as the factors that account for the difference. Many researchers have discussed the differences and similarities between spoken and written languages. Tannen (1980) claims that spoken and written languages are not distinct categories and there is a continuum between them. She also holds that interpersonal involvement is one of the factors that determine if a particular communication is closer to spoken communication or written communication.
I will analyze IM, which is best thought of as a communication mode that resides in the middle of the continuum between spoken and written language. Beißwenger (2008) studied the turn-taking of IM and argued that contributions to instant message dialogues are achieved as individual tasks rather than through interactions between participants. He holds that the nature of the individual tasks provides the most important characteristic which distinguishes IM from oral conversation.
Closings in IM were studied by Raclaw (2008), who found two patterns of closing: one is an expanded archetype closing which is similar to oral conversation, and the other is a partially automated closing which is totally different from oral conversation because an automated message terminates the conversation. He did not discuss the characteristics underlying the two patterns of closing in instant messaging. I reanalyzed the argument by Raclaw utilizing a segment of instant messaging from my data, and discovered that what characterize the two patterns of closing in instant messaging are the nature of interpersonal involvement and the nature of the individual tasks. These reflect the characteristics of spoken and written communication respectively.
In this study it was found that characteristics of IM communication fluctuate between spoken and written communication. Instant messaging resides in the middle of the spoken and written continuum, but whether it exhibits characteristics of spoken or written communications can vary depending on the way participants contribute to the conversation.
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Cannon, Bryan. "Notes, Phrases, and Clauses: An Examination of Identity in Music Focused Conversation." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1269.
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Music is everywhere. From formal occasions to a person’s morning run. Music is available on cell phones, computers, in religious ceremonies, at concerts and venues. Music is seen by society to be important and a person’s choice of music can be used to present an identity. The question considered in this article is how people talk about music and how they present identity through their discussion. The current study examines eight focus groups of three actors instructed to simply talk about music. The discussions were recorded and analyzed in a conversation analytic style to identify the structures of the conversations and how these were used to present and regulate identity. Participants also provided background information about their music preferences and experiences as well as their goals in managing their self-presentation. The results of the study focus on the general question of “What kind of music do you listen to?” and how participants managed their answers. Particular attention is given to actors’ management of opportunities to create an in-group identification and avoid inference rich categorization. This study focuses primarily upon different ways this can be managed. Examples include three part list use, storytelling, subgenre specifications, and the use of phrases like “I listen to all kinds of music.” It is argued that these devices can be used by an actor to present themselves as a member of the current in-group while avoiding being categorized in a possibly negative way based on their music choices.
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Brooks, Frank B. "Patterns of instruction and student participation in small-group, learner-to-learner speaking opportunities in a Spanish conversation course at the college level : a social interaction perspective /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1340906488.
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Zama, Anri. "A Relevance Rule Organizing Responsive Behavior During Projectably Multi-Unit Tellings." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2750.
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Research on projectably multi-unit tellings (e.g., stories) has largely focused on their contexts of emergence, beginnings, endings, and uptakes (or lack thereof), rather than on their ‘middles.’ The relatively small literature on such ‘middles’ has focused on different types of responsive behaviors when they do occur (e.g., continuers). However, there is virtually no research on relevance rules that might systematically organize these ‘middles,’ including the production of responsive behaviors (or lack thereof) and the management of intersubjectivity. This thesis describes and defends one such relevance rule: Advisors are strongly accountable for responding – either vocally and/or nonvocally – at each and every complex possible-completion place. This relevance rule provides an inferential framework with which to monitor and manage advisors’ understanding of ‘middle’ units. The method used is conversation analysis – including the analysis of deviant cases – complemented by the coding of data and resultant distributional patterns. Data are dual-camera-videotaped, drop-in, advising sessions conducted in English between 20 non-native-English-speaking international students and native-English-speaking advisors working for a university's Office of International Affairs. Specifically, data involve students’ projectably multi-unit problem presentations (e.g., related to Visa status, course scheduling, international travel, housing, etc.).
Books on the topic "Small groups Conversion"
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Speaking, listening, understanding: The art of creating conscious conversation. [Hudson, N.Y.]: Lindisfarne Press, 1996.
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A safe place for dangerous truths: Using dialogue to overcome fear & distrust at work. New York: AMACOM, 1999.
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Turning to one another: Simple conversations to restore hope to the future. 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2009.
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Tracy, Karen. Colloquium: Dilemmas of academic discourse. Norwood, N.J: Ablex Pub. Corp., 1997.
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Gold, Barbara K. Carthage. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195385458.003.0006.
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This chapter first lays out how we understand Christianity, contemporary ways of exploring ancient religion, and how contemporary studies of religious movements can help us to understand ancient religion; it also explores the social, economic, historical, archaeological, or other cultural forces that intersect with and explain the many facets of religious experience. It further discusses the provenance of Christianity in Roman Carthage; how Christianity started as a very small sect and became a dominant religion in a short period of time; Stark’s thesis about methods of and reasons for conversion; how a Christian or Christian group would have been identified and where they would have met; and who policed religious groups in the Roman empire. Finally the chapter discusses what difference Christianity and Christianness would have made in everyday life in Carthage.
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Talkingand learning in small groups: Pupils aged 12-13 in conversation about a poem. York: Longman (for School Curriculum Development Committee), 1985.
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Simmons, Annette. A Safe Place for Dangerous Truths. AMACOM/American Management Association, 2003.
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Simmons, Annette. Safe Place for Dangerous Truths: Using Dialogue to Overcome Fear and Distrust at Work. AMACOM, 2006.
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1931-, Stanfield Brian, and Canadian Institute of Cultural Affairs., eds. The art of focused conversation: 100 ways to access group wisdom in the workplace. Gabriola Island, B.C: New Society Publishers, 2000.
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Shaibani, Aziz. Pseudoneurologic Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0022.
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The term functional has almost replaced psychogenic in the neuromuscular literature for two reasons. It implies a disturbance of function, not structural damage; therefore, it defies laboratory testing such as MRIS, electromyography (EMG), and nerve conduction study (NCS). It is convenient to draw a parallel to the patients between migraine and brain tumors, as both cause headache, but brain MRI is negative in the former without minimizing the suffering of the patient. It is a “software” and not a “hardware” problem. It avoids irritating the patient by misunderstanding the word psychogenic which to many means “madness.”The cause of this functional impairment may fall into one of the following categories:• Conversion reaction: conversion of psychological stress to physical symptoms. This may include paralysis, hemisensory or distal sensory loss, or conversion spasms. It affects younger age groups.• Somatization: chronic multiple physical and cognitive symptoms due to chronic stress. It affects older age groups.• Factions disorder: induced real physical symptoms due to the need to be cared for, such as injecting oneself with insulin to produce hypoglycemia.• Hypochondriasis: overconcern about body functions such as suspicion of ALS due to the presence of rare fasciclutations that are normal during stress and after ingestion of a large amount of coffee. Medical students in particular are targets for this disorder.The following points are to be made on this topic. FNMD should be diagnosed by neuromuscular specialists who are trained to recognize actual syndrome whether typical or atypical. Presentations that fall out of the recognition pattern of a neuromuscular specialist, after the investigations are negative, they should be considered as FNMDs. Sometimes serial examinations are useful to confirm this suspicion. Psychatrists or psychologists are to be consulted to formulate a plan to discover the underlying stress and to treat any associated psychiatric disorder or psychological aberration. Most patients think that they are stressed due to the illness and they fail to connect the neuromuscular manifestations and the underlying stress. They offer shop around due to lack of satisfaction, especially those with somatization disorders. Some patients learn how to imitate certain conditions well, and they can deceive health care professionals. EMG and NCS are invaluable in revealing FNMD. A normal needle EMG of a weak muscles mostly indicates a central etiology (organic or functional). Normal sensory responses of a severely numb limb mean that a lesion is preganglionic (like roots avulsion, CISP, etc.) or the cause is central (a doral column lesion or functional). Management of FNMD is difficult, and many patients end up being chronic cases that wander into clinics and hospitals seeking solutions and exhausting the health care system with unnecessary expenses.It is time for these disorders to be studied in detail and be classified and have criteria set for their diagnosis so that they will not remain diagnosed only by exclusion. This chapter will describe some examples of these disorders. A video clip can tell the story better than many pages of writing. Improvement of digital cameras and electronic media has improved the diagnosis of these conditions, and it is advisable that patients record some of their symptoms when they happen. It is not uncommon for some Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), such as myasthenia gravis (MG), small fiber neuropathy, and CISP, to be diagnosed as functional due to the lack of solid physical findings during the time of the examination. Therefore, a neuromuscular evaluation is important before these disorders are labeled as such. Some patients have genuine NMDs, but the majority of their symptoms are related to what Joseph Marsden called “sickness behavior.” A patient with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may unconsciously develop numbness of the entire side of the body because he thinks that he may have a stroke.
Book chapters on the topic "Small groups Conversion"
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Walsh, Steve. "Applying Corpus Linguistics and Conversation Analysis in the Investigation of Small Group Teaching in Higher Education." In Second Language Learning and Teaching, 205–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33272-7_13.
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Kling, David W. "Conversion by Coercion." In A History of Christian Conversion, 151–73. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195320923.003.0007.
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As Christian European society expanded geographically and as the Latin Church insisted on its universal rule, the perceived contamination of Christians by “religious aliens” accelerated intolerance by church and state authorities, mobs, and vigilante groups. This chapter examines the forced conversions of Jews and pagans. In four incidents of Jewish conversion, the threat of violence or of some kind of negative consequence (e.g., economic pressure) constituted if not forced conversions then certainly pressure to convert. Jews, however, were only one group, and a relatively small one, targeted for forcible Christian conversion. Throughout the medieval period, thousands of pagans were brought into the Christian fold by forcible means—from Charlemagne’s eighth-century campaign against the Saxons to the Sword Brothers’ thirteenth-century campaigns against the Lithuanians and Estonians.
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He, Zhiqun, and Eric A. Whale. "Step-growth polymerization—basics and development of new materials." In Polymer Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198503095.003.0009.
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Step-growth polymerization is often referred to as condensation polymerization, since often—but by no means always—small molecules such as water are released during the formation of the polymer chains. There are a number of differences in the way polymerization occurs in step-growth polymerization compared to chain-growth processes, and these have marked practical implications. The most obvious difference is that, as the name implies, the polymer chain grows in a step-wise fashion; the initial stage of the reaction involves the conversion of monomers to dimers and from these other lower molecular weight oligomers. It is only as the reaction nears completion that significant quantities of higher molecular weight material can be formed. Thus, in order to obtain effective molecular weights, the reaction must proceed almost to completion, indeed the molecular weight (in terms of the number average degree of polymerization xn) of the polymer can be linked to the extent of reaction (p) using eqn (1). Thus, in the simplest case of a difunctional (AB) monomer, when 50% of the available groups have reacted, the number average degree of polymerization is only 2. The consequence of eqn (1) is that high molecular weights in step-growth polymerizations are associated with highly efficient reactions that do not have side-reactions. Notwithstanding this, the types of molecular weights associated with chain-growth processes are not encountered in these processes (except in the case of monomers with more than two reactive groups where hyper-branched or even cross-linked polymers are possible). There is an additional complication, namely the role of cyclization. Kricheldorf has recently shown that under perfect conditions cyclization is the ultimate fate of any polymerization reaction. Thus, under extremely high conversions the prediction given by eqn (1) would overestimate the actual molecular weights produced. Molecules that undergo step-growth polymerization must have at least two reactive functional groups. If the functionality is greater than this, for example, trifunctional, then hyperbranched polymers or even cross-linked systems can be formed. Commonly, this involves the reaction of two different reactive difunctional monomers.
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Haida, Abderrazak Ben, and Philip Hodge. "The formation of cyclic oligomers during step-growth polymerization." In Polymer Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198503095.003.0010.
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Step-growth polymerization is controlled both by the efficiency of the synthetic routes chosen (as indicated in Chapter 4) and by statistical considerations. In particular, the formation of the desired polymer is almost always accompanied by a cyclic oligomer fraction. As the dilution increases, the chances of cyclization also increase, since polymerization is a second-order process involving the reaction between linear species, whereas cyclization, involving the (intramolecular) reaction between the two ends of a linear molecule, is inherently a first-order process. Cyclization is a particular feature of the early stages of a step-growth polymerization (up to extents of reaction of 98–99%), where a proportion of the end groups that react are on the same molecule. Hence, cyclics form. Since the chances of meeting of the end groups decrease rapidly as the distance between them increases, the cyclics are of relatively low molecular weight, that is, they are oligomers. Further reaction leads mainly to linear molecules, although at extremely high conversions the number of end groups is quite small and intramolecular reactions essentially terminate the process, such that it might be expected that all chains ultimately cyclize. Practically though, the levels of conversion necessary to obtain these very large rings are extremely high and difficult to obtain (either by virtue of side reactions, monomer imperfections, or simply the level of viscosity of high molecular weight polymer solutions). What is usually obtained, therefore, is a mixture of cyclics and linear molecules. However, since cyclic oligomers often differ considerably in, for example, solubility compared to their high molar mass linear homologues, separation is often relatively straightforward. The commercial importance of polymers produced by step-growth polymerization gives a particular significance to understanding the nature of such materials. The presence of cyclic oligomers can be detrimental to the polymer properties since their presence could cause problems during processing. For instance, cyclic oligomers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) tend to migrate to the surface of spun fibres and, under certain conditions, they crystallize to produce a surface ‘bloom’ which interferes with subsequent dyeing. More recently, it is the reverse of cyclization, namely ring-opening polymerization, which has been a particular focus of attention.
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Wilfred, Felix. "Catholics." In Christianity in South and Central Asia, 211–22. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439824.003.0020.
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Small Catholic communities in Central Asia drew world attention from the visit of Pope John Paul II to Kazakhstan in 2001. Russian Orthodoxy has been the dominant Christian tradition in the region, and has enjoyed state support. Evangelical, Charismatic and Pentecostal groups have done much proselytising, to the chagrin of the Russian Orthodox Church. South Asian Catholicism has experienced much conflict, lately around and between the Oriental and Latin traditions, ethnic strife being among them, leading to a concession of double jurisdiction in some parts. While the clergy plays an important role in the overall management of the Catholic Church, criticism has come from the Dalits who fight for acceptance as equals. The early twenty-first century has seen the adaptation of many Pentecostal forms of worship. Modern South Asian Catholic theology stresses the universal presence of the Holy Spirit in peoples of other religious traditions, and inspiration of sacred texts of other religions. Conversion has been banned in some Indian states, increasing state control over the activities of the Catholic Church, including the flow of foreign funds. Institutions of the official Church might come under government control and censure, making their operation more difficult.
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Lewis, William M. "What Wetlands Do, and How They Do It." In Wetlands Explained. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131833.003.0005.
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Those who question the wisdom of wetland regulations sometimes tell a story about a landowner who proposes to build a fine home on a tract of land that is largely wetland. This landowner lives in a region where wetlands are abundant but is denied permission to build on grounds that construction would involve filling a wetland. Because he owns considerable property, the owner moves to higher ground, clears five acres of mature upland timber, and builds his home quite legally in this way. The irony is that the mature upland timber is much scarcer locally than wetland, and the stupidity of the regulation is to have forced someone to destroy the scarcer of two resources. The names, places, and other particulars of this story vary with the teller, but there is little doubt that wetland regulation has sometimes caused an environmental loss greater than the value of the wetland that is preserved. Perhaps the landowner in the story could have been given an exemption had he only been allowed to argue the great value of mature upland forest in his particular region. As a practical matter, however, special pleading can defeat the intent of almost any regulation. Thus, the rigidity in the regulation may be justified by its need to be faithful to the general intent of the underlying law and not by a need to be rational in every case. At any rate, the story may be specious as a generalization in that the Army Corps in most cases would have granted a permit to an individual for a small wetland conversion, or the conversion would have been covered under a general permit for small conversions (chapter 1). Those who question the wisdom of wetland regulations sometimes tell a story about a landowner who proposes to build a fine home on a tract of land that is largely wetland. This landowner lives in a region where wetlands are abundant but is denied permission to build on grounds that construction would involve filling a wetland. Because he owns considerable property, the owner moves to higher ground, clears five acres of mature upland timber, and builds his home quite legally in this way.
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Ng, Fung Fai. "Dialogue Mapping and Collaborative Learning." In Handbook of Conversation Design for Instructional Applications, 403–18. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-597-9.ch023.
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This chapter introduces the concepts, principles and application of dialogue mapping. Dialogue mapping is a visual thinking tool for facilitating group meetings using a shared display. Experience of using dialogue mapping as well as other types of shared display in small-group discussion are discussed. The results, benefits and limitations of using different kinds of shared display in small-group discussion are compared and examined. Dialogue mapping produces better collaboration and shared understanding among students during discussion than using other shared displays. The impact of dialogue mapping on collaborative learning is explored. Factors influencing the effectiveness of group meetings in problem-based learning are also discussed.
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"Glossary of Wave Energy Terms11.Based on “Terminologi for havbølgjeenergi: Ei lita ordbok ved [Terminology for ocean-wave energy: A small glossary by] Johannes Falnes” (Trondheim, 1984). (Note: Prof. Falnes is a member of the ECOR Working Group on Wave Energy Conversion.)." In Wave Energy Conversion, 169–75. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-9952(03)80068-5.
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Hernández Mayoral, Emmanuel, Efraín Dueñas Reyes, Reynaldo Iracheta Cortez, Carlos J. Martínez Hernández, Carlos D. Aguilar Gómez, Christian R. Jiménez Román, Juan D. Rodríguez Romero, et al. "Power Quality in Renewable Energy Microgrids Applications with Energy Storage Technologies: Issues, Challenges and Mitigations." In Electric Power Conversion [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98440.
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Nowadays, the electric power distribution system is undergoing a transformation. The new face of the electrical grid of the future is composed of digital technologies, renewable sources and intelligent grids of distributed generation. As we move towards the electrical grid of the future, microgrids and distributed generation systems become more important, since they are able to unify small-scale and flexible generation to clean energy and intelligent controls. The microgrids play an important role in marking electrical grids more robust in the face of disturbances, increasing their resilience. Although the microgrid concept continues in discussion in technical circles, it can be defined as an aggregation of electrical elements in low generation voltage, storage and loads (users) which are grouped in a certain bounded geographical area. The issues of a microgrid integrated with energy storage technologies has gained increasing interest and popularity worldwide as these technologies provide the reliability and availability that are required for proper operation in the system. Actual studies show that the implementation of energy storage technologies in a microgrid improves transients, capacity, increases instantaneous power and allows the introduction of renewable energy systems. However, there are still certain unsolved problems in power quality terms. This article clearly describes those problems generated by each storage technology foe microgrids applications. All the ideas in this review contribute significantly to the growing effort towards developing a cost-effective and efficient energy storage technology model with a long-life cycle for sustainable implementation in microgrids.
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Sahner, Christian C. "Converting from Islam to Christianity." In Christian Martyrs under Islam, 80–117. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691179100.003.0003.
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This chapter explores a small and neglected group of martyrs who converted from Islam to Christianity. It is divided into five sections: the first surveys the evidence for true apostasy in legal, historical, and ritual literature written by Muslims and Christians. The second discusses the life of the most famous of all the neomartyrs, Anthony al-Qurash ī, who was executed in 799 after allegedly converting from Islam to Christianity. The third explores two instances of true apostasy from the early medieval Caucasus, while the fourth examines several examples from Iraq, Egypt, and al-Andalus. The fifth and final section revisits the Life of Anthony and investigates its connection to a cluster of legends about the conversion of the caliph and other high-ranking Muslim officials. The conclusion offers general reflections about the nature and portrayal of conversion, contending that Islamization must be seen as a fragile, highly contingent process in the early period.
Conference papers on the topic "Small groups Conversion"
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Muradov, Nazim Z., and Ali T-Raissi. "Solar Production of Hydrogen Using “Self-Assembled’’ Polyoxometalate Photocatalysts." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76071.
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Near-term and cost-effective production of solar hydrogen from inexpensive and readily available hydrogen containing compounds (HCCs) can boost the prospects of future hydrogen economy. In this paper, we assess the prospects of solar-assisted conversion of HCCs into hydrogen using polyoxometalate (POM) based photocatalysts, such as isopolytunstates (IPT) and silicotungstic acid (STA). Upon exposure to solar photons, IPT aqueous solutions containing various HCCs (e.g. alcohols, alkanes, organic acids, sugars, etc.) produce hydrogen gas and corresponding oxygenated compounds. The presence of small amounts of colloidal platinum increases the rate of hydrogen evolution by one order of magnitude. A solar photocatalytic flat-bed reactor, approximately 1.2 m × 1.2 m in size, was fabricated and tested for production of hydrogen from water-alcohol solutions containing IPT and STA and small amounts of colloidal Pt. The solar photoreactor tests demonstrated steady-state production of hydrogen gas for several days. IPT immobilized on granules of anion exchange resins with quaternary ammonium active groups show good photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production from water-alcohol solutions exposed to near-UV or solar radiation.
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Mitropoulos, K. A., S. J. Walter, T. W. Meade, and M. P. Esnouf. "INCREASED FACTOR VII REACTIVITY IN THE RABBIT FOLLOWING DIET-INDUCED HYPERCHOIESTEROIAEMIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643802.
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The association of factor VII coagulant activity (VIIC) with plasma lipid concentrations has been a consistent feature of a number of studies in man and points to plasma lipoproteins as determinants of VIIC.To modify plasma lipoprotein concentrations and to study the effect of this on VIIC, rabbits were fed a 1%- cholesterol-supplemented diet. Treatment resulted in a many-fold increase in plasma cholesterol concentration with the major fraction of excess cholesterol associated with the very low and intermediate density lipoprotein fractions. VIIC was considerably higher in rabbits fed 1%- cholesterol-supplemented than in rabbits fed the standard diet. In both groups of rabbits, the direction and extent of variation in VIIC coincided with variation in cholesterol concentration so that over time there were significant and positive correlations between VIIC and plasma cholesterol. A method that provides a measure of the total functionalfactor VII concentration (VII) was also used. This assay involves clotting the plasma in the presence of excess tissue factor and therefore the conversion of VII tothe more reactive two-chain form of theprotein (αVIIa) .The concentration of αVIIa present in the serum was measured from the rate of activation of excess of [sialyl-3H]-bovine factor X. By day 10 of treatment, and in all furthercomparisons VTIt was only slightly higher in the group of rabbits fed cholesterol-supplemented than in that fed the standard diet.This increase in VI11 istoo small to explain the considerable increasin VIIC in the hypercholesterolaemic rabbit. We conclude thattheincrease in VIIc was to ahigher proportion of αVIIa in theplasma of hyperchol⋆esterol-aemic rabbits rather thanto an increase in the concentration of the single-chain protein.
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Son, Hyung M., B. Halimi, and Kune Y. Suh. "Quick Design Method for Lead Cooled Battery Fast Reactor BORIS." In ASME 2011 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2011-6556.
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This paper focuses on developing design methodologies that can quickly generate pre-conceptual design of battery reactor by means of first principle calculations, starting from core region to reactor vessel assembly and power conversion system. First, given the core composition and weight fraction data, the MCNP code is run to generate a neutron flux spectrum for homogenized geometry that is used with the available cross section data to generate the single group constants for neutron diffusion calculation. The bucklings of the critical core found from Neutronics Optimized Reactor Analysis (NORA) based on the diffusion equation are then compared against those obtained by trial and error utilizing the MCNP code over the range of design variables to generate a linear relationship used to adjust the buckling computed by the neutron diffusion equation. Next, key design parameters and constraints are chosen for the reactor vessel assembly considering technical specifications such as the thermal limits and manufacturing difficulties. Two objective functions are picked based on thermohydrodynamic and economic grounds. A first principle system code Optimized Supercritical Cycle Analysis (OSCA) is run to generate boundary conditions at heat exchanger interface with a view to optimizing the design of the supercritical fluid driven Brayton cycle. Selected design parameters are made available to the Momentum Integral Numerical Analysis (MINA) code to evaluate steady-state mass flow rate and coolant temperature distribution of the reactor vessel assembly. They are compared against the prescribed engineering constraints. The steps are repeated until an optimum value is obtained. The proposed methodology may help reduce the amount of computational effort required in initial stages of small reactor design. The resulting geometric information can be used as a starting point for detailed design procedure.
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Deniz, Sabri. "A Laboratory Based Course on Energy Systems in Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Program." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56186.
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A laboratory based undergraduate course focused on energy systems and energy efficiency was developed at the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences. The course is a practice-oriented introduction to fluid / energy systems, turbomachinery, and energy production. It is offered to the mechanical engineering as well as to the “Energy Systems” program students in the first semester. Main parts of the course are experiments and mini projects carried out in the fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and turbomachinery laboratories. After an introduction of (1) the basic theory of the mass- and energy conservation equations as main governing laws for energy systems and (2) measurement techniques during the first two weeks, the students carry out experiments in small groups on different test rigs with the help of an instructor for about four weeks (each week a different test). The experiments and test rigs are selected considering different aspects of turbomachinery and energy systems. They cover hydraulic turbines, small wind turbines, a water pump, compressor, heat pump, combined heat and power system, fuel cell, solar energy, and combustion engine. Following a two weeks theory wrap up, the students start with mini projects again in small groups in the laboratory. The students are requested to do a new design or to carry out a design change or modification at an existing machine or test rig. They also need to test their new design or design modification. At the end the students have to do a presentation about the mini project results and write a short report. The objectives of the course are first to introduce the laboratory environment to the students from the beginning of the curriculum. Further the experimental investigations on laboratory test rigs make the students familiar with the fundamentals, working principles, characteristics, operation, and application of turbomachinery and energy systems. They also learn the basics of energy conversion, conservation, and the importance of relevant performance parameters such as efficiency. The mini projects have direct practical relevance to real world problems and applications. From an educational viewpoint the students are introduced to team-work during the projects, project planning with execution, and they are learning by doing or by experiential learning. The students are actively involved in the mini projects and they can reflect their experience at the end of the course during the presentations. The implementation of the course is time consuming and costly but the feedback from the students is very positive although they are challenged by confronting real world energy systems and problems in the first semester.
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Li, Yuejuan, Marvin H. Cheng, and Ezzat G. Bakhoum. "Circuit Development of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Device for Recharging Solid-State Batteries." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88103.
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Piezoelectric devices have been widely used as a means of transforming ambient vibrations into electrical energy that can be stored and used to power other devices. This type of power generation devices can provide a convenient alternative to traditional power sources used to operate certain types of sensors/actuators, MEMS devices, and microprocessor units. However, the amount of energy produced by these devices is in many cases far too small to directly power an electrical device. Therefore, much of the research into power harvesting has focused on methods of accumulating the energy until a sufficient amount is present, allowing the intended electronics to be powered. Due to the tiny amount of harvestable power from a single device, it is critical to collect vibration energy efficiently. Many research groups have developed various methods to operate the harvesting devices at their resonant frequencies for maximal amount of energy. Different techniques of conversion circuits are also investigated for efficient transformation from mechanical vibration to electrical energy. However, efforts have not been made to the analysis of array configuration of energy harvesting elements. Poor combination of piezoelectric elements, such as phase difference, cannot guarantee the increasing amount of harvested energy. To realize a piezoelectric energy-harvesting device with higher volume energy density, the energy conversion efficiencies of different array configurations were investigated. In the present study, various combinations of piezoelectric elements were analyzed to achieve higher volume energy density. A charging circuit for solid-state batteries with planned energy harvesting strategy was also proposed. With the planned harvesting strategy, the required charging time can be estimated. Thus, the applicable applications can be clearly identified. In this paper, optimal combination of piezoelectric cantilevers and different modes of charging methods were investigated. The results provide a means of choosing the piezoelectric device to be used and estimate the amount of time required to recharge a specific capacity solid-state battery.
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Proietti, Stefania, Livia Arcioni, and Umberto Desideri. "Implementation of a System for the Analysis and Evaluation of Advantages of Distributed Generation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90765.
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This paper presents a research activity at the Industrial Engineering Department of the University of Perugia, Italy, aimed at the development of a software tool (Co.Gis®) based on the use of interactive vectorial maps which allows to help the design and selection of a distributed generation system. The software is aimed at helping the user in the selection of the main characteristics of distributed generation systems by means of a methodology that calculates the avoided losses on the electrical grid and many other economical and technical indicators. The software can also be used to quantify the environmental benefits, to help in the feasibility studies of distributed generation systems and to manage the data and to control groups of small generation systems (Virtual Power Plant). The geo-referenced database of the present co-generation systems has been constructed on the Italian territory, with 1606 installations and approximately 12.000 MWe installed electric power. A complete database, which also includes all the other non-cogenerative distributed generation systems installed on the territory of Umbria, a small region in center of Italy, was prepared. This database is a powerful tool to characterize immediately the type of users that use cogeneration plants, to know the requirements of the market and to characterize and propose innovative energy conversion systems. Another characteristic is the possibility to perform feasibility studies of cogeneration systems. This instrument allows a significant simplification of the technical-economic evaluation procedures for the installation of an industrial or civil cogeneration system. The feasibility study can be combined with the calculation of electrical losses on the electricity transmission grid. The calculation of the avoided electrical losses, in terms of avoided CO2, offers a valid instrument to evaluate the environmental impact of different electrical generation systems and shows the advantages offered by distributed generation in the traditional generation park in Italy.
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Lewis, Tom G., Edward J. Parma, Steven A. Wright, Milton E. Vernon, Darryn D. Fleming, and Gary E. Rochau. "Sandia’s Supercritical CO2 Direct Cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR) Concept." In ASME 2011 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2011-6612.
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The advanced nuclear concept group at Sandia National Laboratories has been investigating two advance right size reactors (RSR); this paper will discuss one of these two systems. The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2), direct cycle gas fast reactor (SC-GFR) concept was developed to determine the feasibility of a RSR type concept using S-CO2 as the working fluid in a direct cycle fast reactor. Although a significant amount of work is still required, this type of reactor concept maintains some potentially significant advantages over ideal gas-cooled systems and liquid metal-cooled systems. The analyses presented in this paper show that a relatively small long-life reactor core could be developed that maintains decay heat removal by natural circulation. The SC-GFR concept is a relatively small (200 MWth) fast reactor that is cooled with CO2 at a pressure of 20 MPa. The CO2 flows out of the reactor vessel at ∼650°C directly into a turbine-generator unit to produce electrical power. The thermodynamic cycle that is used for the power conversion is a supercritical gas Brayton cycle with CO2 as the working fluid. With the CO2 gas near the critical point after the heat rejection portion of the cycle, it can be compressed with less power as compared to a standard gas Brayton cycle, thereby allowing for a higher thermal efficiency at the same turbine inlet temperature. A cycle efficiency of 45–50% is theoretically achievable for an optimized configuration. The major advantages of the concept include the following: • High thermal efficiency at relatively low reactor outlet temperatures; • Compact, cost-effective, power conversion system; • Non-flammable, stable, inert, non-toxic, inexpensive, and well-characterized coolant; • Potential long-life core and closed fuel cycle; • Small void reactivity worth from loss of coolant; • Natural convection decay heat removal; • Feasible design using today’s technologies. The goal of this work was to develop a SC-GFR concept and perform scoping analyses, including a review of other concepts that are similar in nature, to determine concept feasibility, advantages, disadvantages, and issues requiring further investigation. Overall, the SC-GFR concept as described in this paper appears feasible and warrants further study.
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Hirai, Yuki, and Keiichi Kaneko. "Ambient Conversation Support in Small Face-to-Face Group Meetings." In SoICT 2015: The Sixth International Symposium on Information and Communication Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2833258.2833274.
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Thompson, R. G., J. Napier, and C. Rodgers. "Conversion of T-100 MPSPU Technology." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-490.
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Conversion of small tutbomachinery advanced technology from USA Department of Defense to commercial markets of opportunity is discussed in the light of recent development of the T-100 Multipurpose Small Power Unit (MPSPU) for the U.S. Army. For the power class from 50 SHP to 75 SHP (37 KW to 56 KW), the small T-100 MPSPU Gas Turbine represents a milestone in achieved simple-cycle non-heat-exchanged thermal efficiency. Application of this turbomachinery technology, and in combination with heat recovery to compact turboalternator systems, is a prime candidate for conversion from airborne/defense use only to defense/commercial and airborne/ground implementation. The T-100 MPSPU Test Program achievements are summarized in this paper. Also, preliminary design/off-design studies are presented for a turboalternator based on T-100 MPSPU components, and a scaled derivative that would achieve 60 KWe at modest turbine inlet temperature is presented. The turboalternator design objective is to provide a reliable compact source of electric power for military and commercial use in stationary, vehicular and aircraft applications that will run on most fuels, with low initial and operating costs, runs quietly, has low emissions and provides good to excellent specific fuel consumption.
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Gordillo, Gerardo, and Kalyan Annamalai. "Air-Steam Gasification of Dairy Biomass Using Small Scale Fixed Bed Gasifier." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59218.
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The composition of gases obtained from gasification of biomass fuels depends principally upon parameters like fuel and oxidizing medium supplied, equivalence ratio (Φ), steam-fuel ratio (S:F), pressure, reaction temperature, and residence time in the gasifier. Gasification with steam only is an endothermic process which produces rich mixtures of CO and H2 while gasification with air-steam may not require heat input in order to produce H2 rich mixtures of CO and CO2. Furthermore, gases produced by gasification with-air-steam can be supplied to a shift reactor to produce mixtures of H2, CO2, and N2. When pure O2 is used instead of air, the H2 separated from CO2 can be used for in situ sustainable green power generation. The gasification process can handle low quality fuel and larger sized particles. While coal has higher fixed carbon (FC) providing more heat for gasification, the Dairy biomass (DB) selected in current study has lower FC and hence contributes less heat. While most of the past studies deal with gasification of coal, current study concentrates on DB as fuel. Experimental results are presented for gasification of i) dairy biomass (DB) and ii) DB ash blends (DBAB) using a 10 KW fixed bed counter-flow gasifier and air-steam as oxidizing source. The results show that the reactor operates almost adiabatically. The effects of the Φ and S:F ratio on peak temperatures, gas composition, gross heating value of the products (HHV), and energy conversion efficiency (ECE) are investigated. A mass spectrometer has been used to analyze the composition of gases in real time continuously. Increasing Φ or S:F increases the production of H2 and CO2 but decreases the production of CO; thus, the reaction of CO+H2O→CO2+H2 seems to control the composition of gases. The operating parameters include 1.59<Φ<6.36 and 0.36<S:F<0.8. Energy Conversion efficiencies (ECE) range from 0.26 to 0.80.
Reports on the topic "Small groups Conversion"
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Price, Roz. Access to Climate Finance by Women and Marginalised Groups in the Global South. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.083.
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This paper examines the issue of management of climate finance in the Global South. It acknowledges the efforts made by the various stakeholders so far but seeks to advance a clarion call for a more inclusive and targeted approach in dealing with climate change. The authors highlight the limited role played by least developed countries and small island developing states in contributing to the conversation on climate change. The authors emphasize the need for enhancing the role of the most vulnerable countries, marginalized groups, and indigenous peoples in the management of climate change. This rapid review focusses on the access to the Green Climate Fund by local civil society organisations (CSOs), indigenous peoples, and women organizations within the Global South. The authors observe that there still exist barriers to climate finance by local actors in the Global South. The authors note the need for more significant engagement of all local actors and the need to devolve climate finance to the lowest level possible to the most vulnerable groups. Particularly, climate finance should take into consideration gender equality in any mitigation measures. The paper also highlights the benefits of engaging CSOs in the engagement of climate finance. The paper argues that local actors have the potential to deliver more targeted, context-relevant, and appropriate climate adaptation outcomes. This can be attributed to the growing movement for locally-led adaptation, a new paradigm where decisions over how, when, and where to adapt are led by communities and local actors. There is also a need to build capacities and strengthen institutions and organisations. Further, it is important to ensure transparency and equitable use and allocation of climate finance by all players.