Academic literature on the topic 'Small phrases'

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Journal articles on the topic "Small phrases"

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Gunnarson, Kjell-Åke. "ADJECTIVAL PARTICIPLE PHRASES AND SMALL CLAUSES." Studia Linguistica 46, no. 1 (1992): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9582.1992.tb00828.x.

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Soon, Wee Meng, Hwee Tou Ng, and Daniel Chung Yong Lim. "A Machine Learning Approach to Coreference Resolution of Noun Phrases." Computational Linguistics 27, no. 4 (2001): 521–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120101753342653.

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In this paper, we present a learning approach to coreference resolution of noun phrases in unrestricted text. The approach learns from a small, annotated corpus and the task includes resolving not just a certain type of noun phrase (e.g., pronouns) but rather general noun phrases. It also does not restrict the entity types of the noun phrases; that is, coreference is assigned whether they are of “organization,” “person,” or other types. We evaluate our approach on common data sets (namely, the MUC-6 and MUC-7 coreference corpora) and obtain encouraging results, indicating that on the general n
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Dima, Corina, Daniël de Kok, Neele Witte, and Erhard Hinrichs. "No Word is an Island—A Transformation Weighting Model for Semantic Composition." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 7 (November 2019): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00275.

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Composition models of distributional semantics are used to construct phrase representations from the representations of their words. Composition models are typically situated on two ends of a spectrum. They either have a small number of parameters but compose all phrases in the same way, or they perform word-specific compositions at the cost of a far larger number of parameters. In this paper we propose transformation weighting (TransWeight), a composition model that consistently outperforms existing models on nominal compounds, adjective-noun phrases, and adverb-adjective phrases in English,
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Fuchs, Cristina Yukie Miyaki. "A checagem de caso dos múltiplos sintagmas nominativos – GA, a relação com o foco da sentença e as restrições sobre a small clause." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 49, no. 1 (2011): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v49i1.8637249.

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The central proposal of this paper is to present the checking process of the nominativ phrase –GA, in Japanese Language, in sentences with one or more than one nominative phrases. It will be verified, as well, the relationship between this nominative phrase and the focus of the sentence, observing when the focalization occurs. Finally, it will be analyzed the checking process of the nominative phrase in sentences containing small clauses.
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Rosenberg, Aaron E., Olivier Siohan, and S. Parthasarathy. "Small group speaker identification with common password phrases." Speech Communication 31, no. 2-3 (2000): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(99)00074-6.

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Pavelieva, Anna, Iryna Lobko, and Inna Sotnichenko. "Methods of terms-phrases translation in IT." IMAGE OF THE MODERN PEDAGOGUE 1, no. 3 (2021): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33272/2522-9729-2020-3(198)-58-63.

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The article is devoted to the translation of English terms-phrases into Ukrainian according to their models. It is determined that as for the structure, one-component terms prevail in IT texts, but compound terms also make up a large proportion of terminological units. Among compound terms, the most common are two-component phrases (they make up 76.46% of terms), followed by three-component phrases (19.4%), while four-, five-, and six-component terminological phrases make up a small percentage of IT phrases in this terminology (4.14%). It is stated that separate elements of terms-phrases are t
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Graessner, Astrid, Emiliano Zaccarella, and Gesa Hartwigsen. "Differential contributions of left-hemispheric language regions to basic semantic composition." Brain Structure and Function 226, no. 2 (2021): 501–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02196-2.

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AbstractSemantic composition, the ability to combine single words to form complex meanings, is a core feature of human language. Despite growing interest in the basis of semantic composition, the neural correlates and the interaction of regions within this network remain a matter of debate. We designed a well-controlled two-word fMRI paradigm in which phrases only differed along the semantic dimension while keeping syntactic information alike. Healthy participants listened to meaningful (“fresh apple”), anomalous (“awake apple”) and pseudoword phrases (“awake gufel”) while performing an implic
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Poibeau, Thierry, and Dominique Dutoit. "Automatic extraction of paraphrastic phrases from small-size corpora." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 32, no. 1 (2009): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.32.1.04poi.

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This paper presents a versatile system intended to acquire paraphrastic phrases from a small-size representative corpus. In order to decrease the time spent on the elaboration of resources for NLP system (for example for Information Extraction), we suggest to use a knowledge acquisition module that helps extracting new information despite linguistic variation. This knowledge is semi-automatically derived from the text collection, in interaction with a large semantic network.
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Perić, Marija, and Sanja Škifić. "English Words and Phrases in Croatian: A Small-Scale Study of Language Awareness and Attitudes." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 12, no. 2 (2015): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.12.2.79-98.

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The focus of this paper is on language attitudes towards English words and phrases in the Croatian language. In order to prevent loanwords, linguistic purism has arisen as a theory about what languages should be like. The tradition of linguistic purism in Croatia has been shaped by various socio-historical factors. English may be viewed as a language of opportunity, or as a threat to the survival of other, usually minority and endangered, languages. In order to provide an insight into the use of English words and phrases in the Croatian context, a questionnaire about language attitudes and awa
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Clink, Dena J., Abdul Hamid Ahmad, and Holger Klinck. "Brevity is not a universal in animal communication: evidence for compression depends on the unit of analysis in small ape vocalizations." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 4 (2020): 200151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200151.

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Evidence for compression, or minimization of code length, has been found across biological systems from genomes to human language and music. Two linguistic laws—Menzerath's Law (which states that longer sequences consist of shorter constituents) and Zipf's Law of abbreviation (a negative relationship between signal length and frequency of use)—are predictions of compression. It has been proposed that compression is a universal in animal communication, but there have been mixed results, particularly in reference to Zipf's Law of abbreviation. Like songbirds, male gibbons ( Hylobates muelleri )
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Small phrases"

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Cannon, Bryan. "Notes, Phrases, and Clauses: An Examination of Identity in Music Focused Conversation." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1269.

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Music is everywhere. From formal occasions to a person’s morning run. Music is available on cell phones, computers, in religious ceremonies, at concerts and venues. Music is seen by society to be important and a person’s choice of music can be used to present an identity. The question considered in this article is how people talk about music and how they present identity through their discussion. The current study examines eight focus groups of three actors instructed to simply talk about music. The discussions were recorded and analyzed in a conversation analytic style to identify the structu
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Souza, Marilena Inácio de. "A pequena frase a esperança venceu o medo na imprensa cotidiana brasileira : uma leitura discursiva." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5629.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5150.pdf: 18093790 bytes, checksum: 4e0ff7d49646b124ac6fcb327ae1e87a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-17<br>It is not from today that we live with the discursive spread of small phrases . Since immemorial times, phrases have been separated from their contexts or co-texts and given into circulation singly, as if they were statements above and outside the common texts be they literary, religious, political, scientific or philosophical. In our western society, the phenomenon always occurred, but maybe it has int
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Books on the topic "Small phrases"

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Nancy, Moore, ed. Perfect phrases for managing your small business. McGraw-Hill, 2009.

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Bacal, Robert. Perfect phrases for managing your small business. McGraw-Hill, 2009.

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The language of small business: A complete dictionary of small business terms. Upstart Pub. Co., 1994.

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Linsky, Esther. Silver Linings: A small collection for happy reflection. Rust Craft, 2000.

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Common American phrases in everyday contexts: A detailed guide to real-life conversation and small talk. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, 2011.

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Spears, Richard A. Common American phrases in everyday contexts: A detailed guide to real-life conversation and small talk. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, 2003.

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Spears, Richard A. Common American phrases in everyday contexts: A detailed guide to real-life conversation and small talk. National Textbook Co., 1992.

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Tomohiro, Koseki. Shokunin kotoba no "waza to iki". Tōkyō Shoseki, 2006.

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Vieth, Harald. Fambai zvakanaka muZimbabwe =: Have a nice trip in Zimbabwe : a small coloquial guide to Shona, with vocabulary including useful expressions and phrases, Shona-English, English-Shona. H. Vieth, 1986.

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Small phrase layers: A study of Finnish manner adverbials. Benjamins, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Small phrases"

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van Schaaik, Gerjan. "Postpositional complements." In The Oxford Turkish Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851509.003.0028.

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Postpositions can be classified according to several criteria, one of which is the type of complement one of them can take. In this chapter person-bound complements are distinguished from temporal phrases and from purpose phrases. The reason is that person-bound complements all contain a nominalized verb plus a personal (possessive) ending, whereas the other two types have other verbal forms. Temporal phrases have a deverbal suffix, and purpose phrases are all based on an infinitival verb form. A type of complement which typically occurs with the instrumental and case-marker annex postposition is phrases specifying circumstance or detail. This specification is based on a kind of sentence, a “small clause,” which always contains a locative phrase, including an element reminiscent of the anticipatory possessive. The final section discusses the properties of postpositions in predicate and attributive position.
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Burstein, L. Poundie. "Formal Punctuations." In Journeys Through Galant Expositions. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190083991.003.0002.

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Galant sonata-form movements can be understood as framed by a series of Perioden, that is, large multi-phrase sections that each lead to a formal cadence and which comprise a series of Sätze (phrases). The last Satz of a Periode, which concludes with the formal cadence, is known as a Schlußsatz. The Sätze and Satz-endings that precede the Schlußsatz are known as Absätze. Each Satz itself may be articulated by small divisions, known as Einschnitten. Largely relying on terminology and concepts of Heinrich Christoph Koch, this chapter explores the structure and conceptual underpinnings of these and related formal segments.
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Faarlund, Jan Terje. "Anaphor binding." In The Syntax of Mainland Scandinavian. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817918.003.0009.

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Scandinavian has a reflexive pronoun and a reflexive possessive for the 3rd person, and a reciprocal pronoun for all persons. Regular binding domains are finite and non-finite clauses, small clauses, and noun phrases with a verbal content and a genitive ‘agent’. There are also less expected binding relations within NPs, possibly involving an invisible binder. Within VP an indirect object may bind a direct object. Even non-c-commanding binders within VP do exist. Non-local binding into small clauses and infinitival clauses is frequent. Some varieties, especially Norwegian, also allow long distance binding, i.e. binding into finite subordinate clauses. At this point, there is a great deal of variation in acceptability, and definite rules are hard to identify.
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Hasty, Christopher. "Problems of Meter in Early-Seventeenth-Century and Twentieth-Century Music." In Meter as Rhythm. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886912.003.0014.

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This chapter assesses meter in early-seventeenth-century and twentieth-century music. Specifically, it analyzes compositions by Monteverdi, Schütz, Webern, and Babbitt. Monteverdi's “Ohimè, se tanto amate” from the fourth book of madrigals presents a metrical subtlety rarely encountered in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century music. Here the projective field is very mobile, and mensural determinacy is restricted to relatively small measures. Meanwhile, Schütz's concertato motet “Adjoro vos, filiae Jerusalem” from the Symphoniae sacrae, Book I (1629), demonstrates extremely subtle rhythmic detail and great projective contrast used in the service of a compelling larger gesture. Here the repetition of small melodic figures is used for the creation of complex projective fields that serve the continuity of phrases and sections. The chapter then looks at the much smaller measures and much greater ambiguity in some music of the twentieth century.
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Nobile, Drew. "Conclusion." In Form as Harmony in Rock Music. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190948351.003.0009.

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This book has presented both a methodology for analyzing form in rock songs and a theory of formal organization in the rock output of the 1960s, ’70s, and ’80s. The methodology grows out of the general concept of form as process described in the introduction, where rock songs are seen as cohesive entities unfolding through time. From this point of view, we approach a rock song by listening for broad trajectories, identifying points of stability and tension in small-scale phrases and sections as well as large-scale cycles and entire songs. More specifically, we focus first on a song’s harmonic trajectory, interpreting a prolongational progression through a functional circuit (or noting one’s absence), and then aligning that trajectory with the layout of formal functions. From this methodology comes the theory that the rock repertoire in question is based on a small set of conventional formal-harmonic patterns, what I have been calling rock’s ...
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van Schaaik, Gerjan. "Postposition-like constructions." In The Oxford Turkish Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851509.003.0036.

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There are a relatively small number of linguistic structures that seemingly consists of a noun expanded by a possessive suffix third-person singular and a locative, ablative, or instrumental case marker. They are used as adverbial phrases. The possessive element, however, has no antecedent, and that is why these constructions bear the semblance of postpositions more than that of real nouns. In particular, temporal constructions based on a noun denoting some moment, period, or duration behave like real postpositions in that they allow for indefinite and finite complements. Various postposition-like structures can also be used in predicate position and thus take a person marker. These constructions are typical for the description of mental states and mental content and of instances of intention, decision, and obligation.
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Imarhiagbe, Bernard Owens. "Exploring the Barriers to Electronic Collaboration." In Cultural, Behavioral, and Social Considerations in Electronic Collaboration. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9556-6.ch009.

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This investigation reviews research literature on electronic collaboration (e-collaboration) with a view to collate relevant information to support e-collaboration knowledgebase, further research and encourage further collaborative engagements. E-collaboration has been described with various phrases such as information sharing, information exchange, knowledge sharing, social networking and joint working. This research categorised the challenges of e-collaboration into people, process and technology because all the issues identified in e-collaboration research are rooted in one of these categories. As e-collaboration is a source of competitiveness, businesses that fail to strategically adopt the phenomenon could lose out. A notable example of e-collaboration is crowdfunding which provides funding for start-up and small businesses. However, businesses that support e-collaboration strategy have the potential to have better competitive advantage with increased firm performance.
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Cuéllar, Benjamín. "Afterword." In Assassination of a Saint. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520286795.003.0017.

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Today’s El Salvador is not what Blessed Archbishop Romero dreamed yesterday even if through him “God passed through El Salvador.” This is one of the most brilliant and memorable phrases of another Salvadoran martyr, Ignacio Ellacuría, the Jesuit murdered with his colleagues and two women in 1989. God certainly walked hand in hand the length and breadth of the small country with Romero. And because of his transcendence, the legacy of this good shepherd transcended borders to become the most universal among any of us born in this land. But it is a land that continues to be soaked in blood, with the majority of its people still suffering from exclusion and inequality. As a result, people still flee El Salvador, regardless of the risks, to find safety in other lands that they do not enjoy in their own....
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Manning, Jane. "TOD MACHOVER (b. 1953)Open Up the House (2012)." In Vocal Repertoire for the Twenty-First Century, Volume 2. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199390960.003.0045.

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This chapter assesses Tod Machover’s Open Up the House (2012). Machover has long been recognized internationally as an outstanding and influential all-round musician and polymath, whose areas of expertise comfortably straddle the twin worlds of arts and science. Most readily associated with groundbreaking innovation in musical technology—often applied to ambitious operatic, educational, and symphonic ventures—he is nonetheless able to tailor his talents to embrace more modest, small-scale forces, as shown here. This exhilarating little piece fizzes with vitality from the outset. The piano’s continual, pulsing, eighth-note chords drive the music along, ensuring that momentum never flags. The incisive soprano writing calls upon the singer’s brightest, most radiant resonances. The piece builds cumulatively, with leaping, plunging intervals, spiked accents, and insistent repetitions. The singer must conserve stamina for the long notes at the ends of phrases, and plan breath spans accordingly.
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Faarlund, Jan Terje. "The verb phrase." In The Syntax of Mainland Scandinavian. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817918.003.0005.

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The verb phrase is headed by a verb, which may be an auxiliary verb with a grammatical function, a copula, or a lexical verb. Lexical verbs are avalent, transitive, intransitive, ergative, or unaccusative. The verb may have from zero to three arguments, and in addition various adjuncts. The verb always precedes its complements in base structure (VO), and complements may belong to any phrasal category. A crucial concept is that of the small clause (SC), consisting of a predicate word (non-finite verb, adjective, preposition) with possible complements, and a DP functioning as a SC subject. With intransitive and possibly with unaccusative verbs, the SC subject is the surface subject; with transitive verbs it is the object. The verbal particle is a special type of intransitive preposition. The indirect object is generated as the specifier of a lower VP. Free adjuncts, whether predicate or adverbial, are right-adjoined to VP.
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Conference papers on the topic "Small phrases"

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Fast, Ethan, Binbin Chen, and Michael S. Bernstein. "Lexicons on Demand: Neural Word Embeddings for Large-Scale Text Analysis." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/677.

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Human language is colored by a broad range of topics, but existing text analysis tools only focus on a small number of them. We present Empath, a tool that can generate and validate new lexical categories on demand from a small set of seed terms (like "bleed" and "punch" to generate the category violence). Empath draws connotations between words and phrases by learning a neural embedding across billions of words on the web. Given a small set of seed words that characterize a category, Empath uses its neural embedding to discover new related terms, then validates the category with a crowd-power
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Tom, Alan M., and John P. Coulter. "Advancements in Micro-Molding for Small-Scale Product Fabrication." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33945.

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Globally, micro molding technology had been predicted to be a $40 billion market in 2002. Although it may seem overly optimistic, there is no doubt that micro molding will be a promising market in the near future. The ground work for micro molding technology has been initiated to enable future advancements in its technological development. Although the phrase “micro molding” has not yet become a common everyday word in the manufacturing industry, it is however prevalent and used quite extensively globally in numerous research institutes of academia and U.S. government research facilities. The
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Moiseeva, Victoria Victorovna. "Work on the musical phrase, style and artistic image in works of small forms." In IX International Research-to-practice Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-113068.

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Perrin, Sarah, Mathieu Laurière, Julien Pérolat, Matthieu Geist, Romuald Élie, and Olivier Pietquin. "Mean Field Games Flock! The Reinforcement Learning Way." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/50.

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We present a method enabling a large number of agents to learn how to flock. This problem has drawn a lot of interest but requires many structural assumptions and is tractable only in small dimensions. We phrase this problem as a Mean Field Game (MFG), where each individual chooses its own acceleration depending on the population behavior. Combining Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Normalizing Flows (NF), we obtain a tractable solution requiring only very weak assumptions. Our algorithm finds a Nash Equilibrium and the agents adapt their velocity to match the neighboring flock’s average on
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van Beek, Pieter, Richard Pijpers, Kenneth Macdonald, et al. "A Novel High Cycle Fatigue Assessment of Small-Bore Side Branches: Tailor-Made Acceptable Vibration Levels Based on the Remaining Life of Existing Structures." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28378.

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In the process systems of offshore installations, welded small-bore side branches can prove vulnerable to high-cycle fatigue failure due to vibrations. This is especially the case for welded connections at tie-in points to the main pipe which are often critical details. International standards and guidelines therefore provide maximum acceptable vibration levels to ensure long term safe operation. In some guidelines, however, these acceptable vibration levels are phrased in terms of screening levels and in practice can be unduly conservative. Process pipework might then unjustly be regarded as
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Zakharov, Victor, Anastasia Golovina, and Irina Azarova. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN MULTIWORD PREPOSITIONS." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b1/v3/20.

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This paper is part of a larger study that aims to create the first quantitative grammar of the Russian prepositional system. The present study deals with Russian secondary multiword prepositions. Prepositions are a heterogeneous class consisting of a small group of about 25 primary prepositions and hundreds of secondary ones, the latter being motivated by content words (nouns, adverbs, verbs), which may be combined with primary prepositions to form multiword prepositions (MWPs). A strict division between secondary multiword prepositions and equivalent free word combinations is not specified. T
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Reports on the topic "Small phrases"

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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, et al. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.

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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence
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