Journal articles: 'Small producer'

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Berg, Maxine. "Small Producer Capitalism in Eighteenth-Century England." Business History 35, no. 1 (1993): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076799300000002.

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Šperková, Radka, and Jiří Duda. "Distribution alternatives for a small wine-producer." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 6 (2010): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058060553.

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Distribution can be defined as a way of goods from producer to consumer. In wine production industry there exist several distribution channels, through which wine is distributed to the final consumer. Aim of this paper is to identify and compare advantages and disadvantages of particular distribution channels for wine sales related to a small wine-producer.Distribution of wine to the final consumer is done through dealers represented by retail chains, specialized wine-shops, hotels, and restaurants. In a smaller scale it is done through internet sales, own outlets and wine auctions. According to the research of Focus agency, Marketing & Social Research, done in 2009, customers buy wine mostly in retail chains and decide on sort and quality of wine directly at the moment of purchase. Selection is based except wine quality also on the shape of the bottle, etiquette, and also cork (consumers explicitly prefer cork, and the screw top rather discourages). Certain part of customers – specifically those, who are more acquainted with wine – buy wine in special wine-shops. The research shows a decrease of direct wine-sales.When using services of independent trade organizations, producers have to control the intensity of commercial activities and knowledge of technical characteristics of products. Small wine producers, though, do not have to use this distribution channel, and can focus only on direct sales. For some small wine producers, specifically those operating in the areas with an extended possibility for wine-tourism, this channel can be more suitable and effective than using retail chains. This way of distribution does not require extensive start-up investments, it is directly dependent on producers own effort, and can be done as a supplementary activity to the main source of income.Regardless the particular choice of a distribution channel by a small wine producer it is necessary to be judged not only from the viewpoint of its advantages and disadvantages, but also by a detailed analysis of costs of sales.

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Vidian, Fajri, and Abdul Kholis. "Performance Small Spark Ignition Engine Using Producer Gas From Coal Gasification: Dual Fuel Operation." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 3 (2021): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.20.

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This study proposed a dual fuel operation of a mix of gasoline and producer gas from coal gasification on the spark ignition engine. The experiment was carried out on a constant load with variations in speed for single fuel operation of gasoline and dual fuel operation of a mix of gasoline and producer gas to see the influence on speed, torque, power, and braking (effective pressure). The power produced was compared to power produced by the single fuel of producer gas that has been reported in the literature. The result shows an increase of speed would increase torque, power, and braking (effective pressure) for single fuel operation of gasoline and dual fuel operation of a mix of gasoline and producer gas. The power operation of dual fuel of a mix of and gasoline and producer gas will decrease by about 10.9% compared to operation of single fuel of gasoline, and the power operation of the single fuel of producer gas will decrease by about 20% compared to the operation of the single fuel of gasoline. The maximum shaft power produced by dual fuel operation is 1.49 kW at a load of 5 kg and a speed of about 3,500 rpm.

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Digal, L., and S. B. Concepcion. "SMALL PRODUCER GROUPS IN RESTRUCTURING PHILIPPINE VEGETABLE INDUSTRY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 794 (August 2008): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.794.11.

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Makhitha, K. M. "Do small craft businesses need strategic marketing to survive?" Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 2 (2016): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2-2).2016.15.

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The purpose of this paper was to determine if small craft producer businesses need strategic marketing to survive. Existing literature on strategic marketing and the craft industry in South Africa (SA) was used to answer the following question: do small craft businesses need strategic marketing to survive? Since craft producers lack access to the market, they face major challenges in marketing their products successfully. Secondary research was used to determine the need of strategic marketing by craft producers in SA. Strategic marketing is crucial since craft producers must research changes developments taking place in the market and to be able to develop an appropriate marketing strategy to sustain their businesses. This will enable craft producers to identify customers and to formulate an appropriate marketing strategy to reach their chosen target market. The research revealed it enables them to identify customers and to formulate an appropriate marketing strategy to reach their chosen target market. The study revealed that craft producers do need strategic marketing to survive in South Africa

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Trebbin, Anika. "Linking small farmers to modern retail through producer organizations – Experiences with producer companies in India." Food Policy 45 (April 2014): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.12.007.

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Ilechie, C. O., A. O. Akii Ibhadode, and B. O. Abikoye. "Design and Development of an Integrated Small-Scale Oil Palm Fruit Processing Mill." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.739.

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The oil palm (elaeis guneensis) is a very important economic crop in West Africa where it is native. The fruit bunch contains 23 to 30% oil and is the highest yielding of all vegetable oil crops. Palm oil is the second most important vegetable oil in world consumption and the first to be commercialized internationally. Africa and indeed Nigerian was the world’s highest producer of palm oil prior to 1961. Today, Nigeria is the fourth largest producer after Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. One of the main reasons given for this fall is lack of efficient mechanized processing equipment for the small-scale producers who produce over 80% of the country’s palm oil. Their methods of production are labour intensive, batch, tedious, inefficient, and produce poor quality oil, have low throughput, unable to extract palm kernel alongside palm oil and so productivity is low and products (palm oil and palm kernel) lack competitiveness. This work has developed a mechanized oil palm fruit processing mill with six fully integrated systems for extracting good quality palm oil and palm kernel, while utilizing process wastes as the main source of heat energy. Each system/unit is expected to operate at the best quoted system efficiency. Tests are ongoing to determine and confirm these efficiencies.

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Bailey, Conner, Peter Abell, and Nicholas Mahoney. "Small-Scale Industrial Producer Co-operatives in Developing Countries." Contemporary Sociology 19, no. 3 (1990): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2072447.

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9

Willett, Robert E. "Business Strategy Small Producer Doubles Shipments & Some Margins." Natural Gas 4, no. 11 (2007): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.3410041105.

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Kiss, Konrád, and Zoltán Horváth. "THE APPROACH OF PRODUCERS ORGANISATIONS TO THEIR SMALLEST MEMBERS – AN EVIDENCE FROM HUNGARIAN FRUIT AND VEGETABLE SECTOR." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, no. 4 (2018): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2947.

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In today’s food-retail industry, it is very hard for small-sized agricultural producers to become suppliers of large chain stores, as these require products in large volumes and with consistent quality. Participating in producer organisations (PO-s) and selling collectively is an alternate solution for them. Producer organisations receive support from the EU. On the other hand, very small producers are even unable to successfully join PO-s. The present Hungarian case-study examines the attitudes of PO-s to the membership of small producers. We were looking for the answer that how it is worth for small-sized producers to sell through PO-s. Without the organisations, mostly the conventional sales channels (i.e. markets, small shops) or short supply chains remain for them as sale opportunities. According to the most general and comprehensive opinion of our survey, rather the reliability and keeping of the rules are important for the PO-s, and not the plant size. Specific costs of PO-s are higher in the case of small producers, but discrimination was fundamentally atypical.

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Smith, Greg C., Jai Louis, Roy White, Ritu Gupta, and Roger Collinson. "The Hermes oil field: a small field takes wings." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08014.

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The Lambert field was discovered in 1973 with oil reservoired in Tithonian turbidites. It was viewed as uneconomic until 1996 when re-evaluation led to discovery of the adjacent Hermes oil accumulation by Lambert–2. The Lambert–3 producer was drilled nearby to Lambert–2 in 1997 and tied back to the Cossack-Pioneer floating production storage offloader (FPSO). Lambert–3 was expected to drain about 25 MMBBLs of oil, coming off plateau after one year and declining substantially thereafter; however, it had produced more than 52 MMBBLs of oil by late 2008 without any water cut and may produce much more in the next 15–20 years. In contrast, several appraisal and production wells drilled since in the adjacent Lambert accumulation have only produced modest recoveries. Why were the original deterministic views of the Lambert-Hermes field so far from present estimates? This paper describes the approach taken to re-assess the Lambert and Hermes oil accumulations. First, the traps were reviewed by framing the main uncertain variables followed by a rigorous scenario analysis of the field. The work was expedited by using a statistical design to substantially reduce the number of scenarios required for modelling and simulation. The results included a statistical analysis and produced a better view of the probable reserves ranges. Remarkably, after 11 years’ production the field potential warranted re-appraisal. The scenario analysis indicated which uncertain variables needed attention and helped to select well locations. The results of appraisal should decide between several re-development options. The main possibilities for new field development include: drilling of additional oil producers; water shut-off in some producers; an additional flow-line to de-bottleneck oil production from Lambert and Hermes; re-instatement of a gas-injection line for gas-lift of wells at high water-cut; and installation of a new manifold further north in the Hermes accumulation to optimise field recovery.

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Meerow, Sara A., and Isa Baud. "Generating resilience: exploring the contribution of the small power producer and very small power producer programs to the resilience of Thailand's power sector." International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (2012): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2012.667414.

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Knecht, Damian, Anna Jankowska-Mąkosa, and Kamil Duziński. "Does the activity of producer group organizations improve the production of pigs?" Annals of Animal Science 15, no. 3 (2015): 759–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2015-0029.

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Abstract There are many works dealing with the activities of small farms, however there is a lack of papers about production and economic performance of small farms associated in producer group organizations. The aim of the study was to compare the production parameters of selected pig producer groups over two years (2010-2011). The basis for the analysis were the results of surveys carried out in 174 individual farms, which were members of 4 groups of pig producers. The study was conducted through direct interviews using a personal questionnaire. The average herd size of sows increased in the next year by 18.5% and the average annual production volume of fatteners by 9.3%. Average meatiness increased from 53.8% to 54.5%. In order to estimate the revenues a model of factors dependent on the farmer was created, expressed as the production of 1 kg of raw material. Three independent variables were introduced into the model: meatiness of fatteners (X1), the size of produced fatteners (X2), weight of fatteners (X3). The model developed in the study was proposed to groups as a tool to measure the efficiency of production and is currently being used by them. The results indicate that the activities of pig producers have a positive effect on production effectiveness and confirms the validity of horizontal integration in agriculture. Managing production in accordance with the statute imposed on the producer group showed a similar quality of produced raw materials, while the average annual sales of fatteners increased, which may contribute to the ability to negotiate purchase prices.

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Palsson, Craig. "Small Farms, Large Transaction Costs: Haiti’s Missing Sugar." Journal of Economic History 81, no. 2 (2021): 513–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050721000139.

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In the eighteenth century, Haiti was the world’s leading sugar producer, but when cane surged in the Caribbean in the early twentieth century, Haiti produced none. Instead, the land sat idle while workers emigrated to work on sugar plantations. I examine the hypothesis that historical property rights institutions created high transaction costs for converting land to cane production. I collect new data on land-use from 1928–1950 and a proxy for transaction costs. The evidence suggests transaction costs impeded the land market from responding to the sugar boom.

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Irawan, Anton, Hafid Alwan, and Faroukiyah Mustika. "Pengaruh tinggi dan kerapatan unggun pada kualitas pembakaran gas produser dari gasifikasi skala rumah tangga." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 11, no. 3 (2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2012.11.3.6.

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The effect of bed height and density on producer gas combustion quality from house hold scale gasification.Increased energy demand caused the crude oil to be expensive and limited so that renewable energy could be a solution of the crisis energy in the future. Rice husk that produced from rice mill had potential as energy in the rural area due to had energy content around 3000-3500 kcal/kg. Rice husk had proximate analysis for fixed carbon 15%, volatile matter 50%, ash 20%, and moisture 15% so that rice husk could be converted to the gas by gasification. Gas producer that was produced by gasification can be used for household fuel. The aim of this research was to observe influence of density and height of rice husk bed to the flame of the gas producer combustion in the small scale gasification. Small scale gasification was done in gasification stove that had capacity 1000 g rice husk. Variations in this research were density of rice husk bed (85, 95, and 105 kg/m3) and height of rice husk bed (25, 40, and 55 cm). Parameter of quality of gas producer combustion was holding time of the flame temperature above 500 oC. The results showed the combustion quality of the gas producer was influenced by density and height of rice husk bed.Keywords: rice husk, gasification, gas producer, bed height, bed density AbstrakPeningkatan kebutuhan energi menyebabkan minyak bumi menjadi mahal dan terbatas sehingga energi terbarukan dapat menjadi solusi untuk menggantikan minyak bumi pada masa mendatang. Salah satu sumber energi terbarukan adalah sekam padi yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan padi dengan kandungan energi 3000-3500 kcal/kg sekam padi kering. Sekam padi memiliki komposisi karbon sekitar 15%, volatile matter 50%, abu 20%, dan kandungan air 25% sehingga sekam padi dapat dikonversi melalui proses gasifikasi. Dengan metode gasifikasi skala rumah tangga, gas produser yang dihasilkan dapat dipergunakan sebagai bahan bakar rumah tangga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengamati pengaruh tinggi dan kerapatan unggun terhadap kualitas pembakaran gas produser hasil gasifikasi sekam padi. Parameter kualitas pembakaran adalah pengukuran temperatur lidah api dengan posisi tetap. Waktu tahan temperatur di atas 500 oC menjadi standar kualitas proses gasifikasi sekam padi yang dipengaruhi oleh kerapatan dan tinggi unggun sekam padi. Gasifikasi dilakukan pada kompor gasifikasi skala rumah tangga yang mampu memuat sekam padi 1000 g. Variasi tinggi unggun adalah 25, 40, dan 55 cm serta kerapatan unggun 85, 95, dan 105 kg/m3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pembakaran gas produser dipengaruhi oleh tinggi dan kerapatan unggun.Kata kunci: sekam padi, gasifikasi, gas produser, tinggi unggun, kerapatan unggun

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Asheri, Vitalia Putri, and Amzul Rifin. "ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH COKELAT BATANGAN (CHOCOLATE BAR) DI PIPILTIN COCOA, KEBAYORAN BARU, JAKARTA SELATAN." Forum Agribisnis 5, no. 1 (2017): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.5.1.105-119.

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Indonesia is the third largest world cocoa producer. For years, cocoa bean from Indonesia has been exporter as raw beans. Domestic cocoa manufacturing industry is still dominated by international companies such as Nestle, Marz, JB Cocoa Malaysia, and others than domestic small and medium enterprise. This condition shows that value added of cocoa processing have not yet accepted by local entrepreneurs. Nowadays, most of the small and medium enterprise produce intermediate and compound chocolate products with low use of cocoa butter volume in proportion. Then, those intermediate products would be exported and will be reimported again by Indonesia as final product. Pipiltin Cocoa is the only small-scale natural chocolate producer in Indonesia using local cocoa bean from Bali and Aceh. This research focuses on value added analysis of bar chocolate in Pipiltin Cocoa produce which is important to conduct in order to know the added value made from a domestic small-scale cocoa farm producing original cocoa products.

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Oliver, Nick. "Coordination and Control in a Small Producer Cooperative: Dynamics and Dilemmas." Economic and Industrial Democracy 10, no. 4 (1989): 447–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x89104003.

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Dasappa, S., G. Sridhar, and P. J. Paul. "Adaptation of small capacity natural gas engine for producer gas operation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 6 (2011): 1568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211424678.

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This article addresses the adaptation of a low-power natural gas engine for using producer gas as a fuel. The 5.9 L natural gas engine with a compression ratio of 10.5:1, rated at 55 kW shaft power, delivered 30 kW using producer gas as fuel in the naturally aspirated mode. Optimal ignition timing for peak power was found to be 20° before top dead centre. Air-to-fuel ratio (A/F) was found to be 1.2 ± 0.1 over a range of loads. Critical evaluation of the energy flows in the engine resulted in identifying losses and optimizing the engine cooling. The specific fuel consumption was found to be 1.2 ± 0.1 kg of biomass per kilowatt hour. A reduction of 40 per cent in brake mean effective pressure was observed compared with natural gas operation. Governor response to load variations has been studied with respect to frequency recovery time. The study also attempts to adopt a turbocharger for higher power output. Preliminary results suggest a possibility of about 30 per cent increase in the output.

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Page, Sheila, and Rachel Slater. "Small Producer Participation in Global Food Systems: Policy Opportunities and Constraints." Development Policy Review 21, no. 5-6 (2003): 641–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2003.00229.x.

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Babu, M. Sreedhar, Shibu Clement, and N. K. S. Rajan. "Adaptation of Air-Gas Regulator for Small Capacity Producer gas Engine." Energy Procedia 156 (January 2019): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.11.091.

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Ruggeri, Giordano, and Stefano Corsi. "An analysis of the Fairtrade cane sugar small producer organizations network." Journal of Cleaner Production 240 (December 2019): 118191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118191.

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Vazquez-Lopez, Rodrigo, Juan Carlos Herrera-Lozada, Jacobo Sandoval-Gutierrez, Philipp von Bülow, and Daniel Librado Martinez-Vazquez. "Sensor Information Sharing Using a Producer-Consumer Algorithm on Small Vehicles." Sensors 21, no. 9 (2021): 3022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093022.

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There are several tools, frameworks, and algorithms to solve information sharing from multiple tasks and robots. Some applications such as ROS, Kafka, and MAVLink cover most problems when using operating systems. However, they cannot be used for particular problems that demand optimization of resources. Therefore, the objective was to design a solution to fit the resources of small vehicles. The methodology consisted of defining the group of vehicles with low performance or are not compatible with high-level known applications; design a reduced, modular, and compatible architecture; design a producer-consumer algorithm that adjusts to the simultaneous localization and communication of multiple vehicles with UWB sensors; validate the operation with an interception task. The results showed the feasibility of performing architecture for embedded systems compatible with other applications managing information through the proposed algorithm allowed to complete the interception task between two vehicles. Another result was to determine the system’s efficiency by scaling the memory size and comparing its performance. The work’s contributions show the areas of opportunity to develop architectures focusing on the optimization of robot resources and complement existing ones.

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Whitmore, H. L. "Dairy theriogenology: Practitioner, professor and producer perspectives." Theriogenology 70, no. 3 (2008): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.04.034.

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Rajapaksha, Leelananda, DMC Champathi Gunathilake, SM Pathirana, and TN Fernando. "Reducing post-harvest losses in fruits and vegetables for ensuring food security – Case of Sri Lanka." MOJ Food Processing & Technology 9, no. 1 (2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojfpt.2021.09.00255.

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In Sri Lanka, 70% of 21 million population live in non-urban areas, and agriculture provides livelihood for approximately 40% of them. The agricultural marketing process in the country is a complex operation due to services and functions involved in moving a crop product from where it was produced to where it would finally be consumed. Further, with a wide range of agricultural crops being produced, post-harvest handling process create different degrees of quantitative and qualitative losses in a complex market chain, which are estimated at 20% to 40% for vegetables and 30% - 40% for fruits. Improper and non-scientific post-harvest practices and handling, gaps in integration of cold chain practices & elements with post-harvest process, and lack of knowledge & awareness on many related aspects at grass root farmer level etc. appear to contribute to losses that finally prevent due economic benefits reaching the small-scale producer. In order to increase the effectiveness of post-harvest process handling of fruit and vegetables, appropriate corrective measures targeting small scale producers as well as commercial scale producers need to be popularized and practiced. At small scale producer level, promotion of appropriate low-cost post-harvest practices and procedures, facilitating low-cost cold chain elements and user-friendly information flow mechanism on market situation would certainly help avoid some of the steps that lead to losses. Monitoring system of commercial post-harvest handling process that ensure scientific bulk handling, storage and transportation of fruit and vegetables, properly designed economic centers with well regulated environmentcontrolled storages etc. would greatly reduce loses in bulk handling, ensuring better food security in the island.

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Lima-Filho, Dario de O., Leidy Diana de S. de Oliveira, Eluiza AM Watanabe, and Marcia Mitiê D. Maemura. "Purchase policies to fresh fruit and vegetables in supermarkets in Campo Grande, Brazil." Horticultura Brasileira 30, no. 1 (2012): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362012000100022.

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This study aims to analyze purchase policies to fruits and vegetables in supermarkets in Campo Grande, Brazilian Midwest. Thirteen interviews were conducted with representatives from supermarkets, small, medium and large, responsible for purchasing fresh vegetables. By analyzing the responses obtained through interviews, we can observe that producers make almost the entire supply of fruits and vegetables in large supermarkets from other states, and the small and medium establishments usually buy more with the local producer. For retailers, the fruits and vegetables represent an important factor to create internal circulation of customers in stores and a factor of attraction of clients too, in addition, this products offer high profitability. For the supermarket, the fruits and vegetables locally produced are fresher and have lower comparative cost. However, supply regularity, the volume and variety offered by local producers are considered unsatisfactory.

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Johnston, R. H. "CEPHLOSS: A Computer Program to Help the Small Grain Producer in Montana." Plant Disease 69, no. 6 (1985): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-69-543.

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Whyte, William Foote. "Small Scale Industrial Producer Co-Operatives in Developing Countries.Peter Abell , Nicholas Mahoney." American Journal of Sociology 95, no. 3 (1989): 846–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/229377.

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Saha, Debdulal. "Producer collectives through self-help: sustainability of small tea growers in India." International Review of Applied Economics 34, no. 4 (2020): 471–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2020.1773646.

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Homdoung, N., N. Tippayawong, and N. Dussadee. "Performance and emissions of a modified small engine operated on producer gas." Energy Conversion and Management 94 (April 2015): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.01.078.

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Homdoung, N., N. Tippayawong, and N. Dussadee. "Prediction of small spark ignited engine performance using producer gas as fuel." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 5 (March 2015): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2015.02.003.

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Kiss, Konrád. "THE SATISFACTION OF PRODUCERS, SELLING IN VARIOUS MARKETPLACES – RESULTS OF A PRIMARYSURVEY FROM HUNGARY." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3 (2019): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3542.

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Scientific interest in short supply chains (SSC) and local food has increased in the past decade. Due to the concentration of trade, sale opportunities for small sized agricultural producers has decreased. Short supply chains can offer alternate opportunities for them in trading. Therefore, it is necessary to examine their profitability and role in rural development. In the article, producer satisfaction with marketplaces, by means of primary survey is investigated. The sample area consisted of marketplaces with different sizes and types, and were located in a 40-kilometer-radius area of the capital city, Budapest, and Gyöngyös (located in the Mátra region). Paper-questionnaires with 214 market-producers between August and December of 2018 were carried out, in 22 different places. The survey is based on conventional markets (and market-halls), producer markets, and an eco-market. Results showed that differences between producer markets and conventional ones were more determining than simple territorial differences. Differences between conventional markets of the two areas were not statistically significant. In light of the results, it is worth launching future studies or campaigns that deal with rural consumer susceptibility on producer markets. In this survey, rural producer markets – that could increase producer satisfaction – were not typical.

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Jayadi, Nor, and Rahmawan Dwi Prasetya. "Pengembangan desain produk berbahan baku limbah kerang di Bantul." PRODUCTUM Jurnal Desain Produk (Pengetahuan dan Perancangan Produk) 3, no. 1 (2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/productum.v3i1.1736.

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The problem that is often faced for small and medium industries is the limited capital they have. They feel unable to hire designers to produce innovative products. They also often objected to allocating funds to conduct design experiments that required a lot of funds that they found to be highly speculative. Many small and medium industries that are comfortable with their conditions, accept orders whose designs come from direct buyers. They only become producers who often have low bargaining positions in the presence of buyers. The price of production is even determined by non-producer buyers. As a result, despite the large number of orders, the welfare of business actors and employees is difficult to improve. UMKM Development Activities This art is done to overcome these obstacles. Pembina who is a lecturer in Product Design Study Program ISI Yogyakarta has the competence to carry out the product innovation development activities. Through a more collaborative activities between lecturers and business actors, some design products produced from clam waste, some of which are made of prototype. With these activities, it is expected that business actors are motivated to continuously make design innovations on the products it produces. Collaboration, for lecturers also have a positive impact, namely the development of insight into the material and engineering workmanship in the field which in turn can be used as learning materials on campus.Keywords: waste, clame, product design

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M, Hena. "THEORIZING AGRICULTURE VALUE CHAINS: INTEGRATING SMALL HOLDER PRODUCERS TO OVERCOME HURDLES." International Conference on Advances in Business, Management and Law (ICABML) 2, no. 1 (2019): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30585/icabml-cp.v2i1.271.

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Modern marketing techniques and restructured markets for agriculture products has made the small holder producers to fight against a number of consequences which they are actually not practiced or trained. As an alternative, new innovative practice like value chain approach has been identified in improving their ability to combat the restructured market conditions. This paper reviews the theoretical justifications and different viewpoints of value chains approach which can benefit the small holder producers in agriculture sector. A review on evidences from agricultural value chain experiences exposed the necessity of a tool or a business model like value chain approach to integrate the small holder producers to viable markets and to capitalize the immense opportunities in the markets, particularly for least developed and developing countries. The literature revealed that small holder producer can access international markets by establishing value chain networks and by building relationships in chain networks.

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Dun, R., and C. Morgans. "NATURAL GAS SUPPLY TO A SMALL MARKET: A DISTRIBUTOR'S PERSPECTIVE." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88005.

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A decision to introduce natural gas supply to a small market requires a thorough examination of the economic and technical factors that a gas distributor will encounter in such a project. This paper identifies the important factors to be considered in the feasibility stage and in the construction and implementation phases of the project. The experience of the Gas and Fuel Corporation of Victoria supplying natural gas to the city of Warrnambool is described through all these stages.A feasibility study for natural gas to a small market requires the preparation of a reliable forecast of end- user demand and an assessment of demand/price elasticities for major market sectors, such as household uses and large industrial uses. Where gas is to be supplied from new gas fields any assessment of proven gas reserves must be made. The assessed level of reserves can be measured against forecast demand to identify an expected project life over which the producer and distributor will need to earn a fair return.A producer and a distributor have a common interest in the level of recoverable reserves, the price between producer and distributor, the market demand and the price payable by end- users. A price agreed between a producer and a distributor will be at a level where both parties are satisfied with the expected returns. A higher price would increase returns to the producer, but would deter the distributor from the project.Natural gas supply to Warrnambool involved the planning and construction of a pipeline and an upgrading and expansion of the local reticulation system. In addition, conversion of nearly 13 000 household appliances was undertaken. This work was successfully completed at a cost of about $10 million. The planning and design of these facilities is a balance between short- term cost minimisation, and cost levels that will achieve long- term economies of scale.To achieve a fast development of the end- use consumption, a strong marketing effort was undertaken to ensure connection of large- use industrial customers was achieved without delay. This quick development of load was essential to provide good cash inflows to the distributor and the producer at an early stage of project development.

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Outreville, Jean François. "Reputation and relative price positioning of small wineries in Québec, Canada." International Journal of Wine Business Research 32, no. 2 (2019): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-07-2018-0031.

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Purpose In a highly competitive market, the price of wine is a variable controlled by suppliers to suggest a level of quality. An index of relative firm position in the market based on relative prices is calculated for a sample of wine producers. The purpose of the paper is to analyze some of the factors related to the characteristics of a firm and quality that may explain the price strategy of wine producers in a new and small wine region, i.e. Québec province in Canada. Design/methodology/approach Data on types of wines and prices are collected from a sample of 40 small wine producers in Québec, Canada for the selected years 2008, 2010 and 2015. Findings The authors demonstrate that a high price strategy is significantly related to the reputation of the vineyard rather than the age of the domain, the size or the number of wines produced. Research limitations/implications The analysis has been carried out based on a data set of only 40 firms for which the price-position index could be calculated. Unfortunately, only limited information is available on producers and production volumes. Practical implications This analysis is of particular relevance for small or new wine-producing regions, which lack an established reputation. Because wine quality and taste differ by geographic origin and variety, new wine-producing regions may have opportunities to define a wine’s image (or a winery image) and the producer must inform the market on quality of the wine by reflecting it on the final selling price. Originality/value Prior works on the analysis of the price-quality relationship give rise to various and sometimes contradictory results. This analysis is of particular relevance to explain the price strategy of small wine producers in a strongly competitive market where the price remains an obvious commercial argument to signal the quality of a wine.

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Sharma, Sushma, Soniya Acharya, Samikshya Regmi, Avishek Poudel, and Gokarna Adhikari. "Production Activities and Value Chain Analysis of Sericulture in Western Inner Terai Region of Nepal." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 8, no. 2 (2021): 362–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v8i2.36614.

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The study was conducted in Nov 2019 – Feb 2020 with the objective of assessing the whole value chain of sericulture products in the Western inner terai region of Nepal. The beginning of sericulture in the region was due to some personal interest but gained popularity and huge return and turned out to achieve the objectives of food security and source of employment. As per the finding and research, Bi-voltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori) was mainly reared which feeds upon the leaves of the mulberry plant. The interview result indicates that producers produce cocoon at an average of 30.05 kg per ropani in one production round and production was made twice a year. In this region, three marketing channels were identified (producer to the primary collector/small hand processor) and (producer to primary processor or reelers) and the producer himself as the processor and distributor. Producers sold the cocoon to primary collectors at NRs 500per kg cocoon which was 15% more than percent sales while selling to the government, fetching an average BC ratio of 1.3. Problems recorded as per farmers were lack of appropriate technology to widen the scope of sericulture and modern silkworm rearing techniques, lack of proper irrigation facilities, and governmental aids and support. This research will address various problems and make an emphasis to make regional sericulture production mature and profitable.

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Graham, Gary W., P. Charles Goebel, Randall B. Heiligmann, and Matthew S. Bumgardner. "Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Production Practices within the Ohio Maple Syrup Industry." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 4 (2007): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.4.290.

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Abstract Maple syrup production contributes approximately $5 million annually to Ohio's economy and provides supplemental nontimber forest product income for forestland owners. To better understand the factors that influence this important nontimber forest industry in Ohio, including producer heritage, producer age, sap collection methods, size of maple operation, and educational programming, we conducted a detailed survey of all known Ohio maple syrup producers (761 total producers). Over 80% of producers responded to the survey (620 respondents), making our analysis one of the most extensive of a maple industry in North America. In general, most maple operations in Ohio are part-time, family-based enterprises and over 25% of Ohio's maple producers are of Amish heritage. Although we estimate that there are over 400,000 taps in the state, the typical sugarbush is relatively small—the average sugarbush is 27 ac in size and over a third of the operations have fewer than 100 taps. Chi-square analyses did reveal several significant (α = 0.05) associations among producer characteristics. Although Amish producers were significantly younger and had significantly larger operations than their English or non-Amish counterparts (P < 0.001), a higher proportion of English producers reported using tubing collection systems than Amish producers (P = 0.031). Additionally, while larger maple operations tended to use tubing systems more frequently (P < 0.001), we did not detect a significant association between sap collection method (bucket versus tubing) and producer age (P = 0.169). Finally, English producers tend to be older. Older producers (>53 years old), producers using tubing collection systems, and producers with more than 250 taps were significantly more likely to participate in Ohio State University (OSU) Extension educational programming (P ≤ 0.05). These results suggest significant relationships among producer demographics and the characteristics of maple operations in Ohio, and future OSU educational programming should be tailored to reflect these important relationships.

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Graikos, Anastasios, Evangelos Voudrias, Athanasios Papazachariou, Nikolaos Iosifidis, and Maria Kalpakidou. "Composition and production rate of medical waste from a small producer in Greece." Waste Management 30, no. 8-9 (2010): 1683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.01.025.

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YASAN, Ayhan. "THE TRANSACTION COST THEORY :A FIELD RESEARCH ON SMALL-SCALE ANIMAL PRODUCER S." Journal of Global Strategic Management 12, no. 2 (2018): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20460/jgsm.2019.265.

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Wilson, Christopher, Ian David Williams, and Simon Kemp. "Compliance with Producer Responsibility Legislation: Experiences from UK Small and Medium-sized Enterprises." Business Strategy and the Environment 20, no. 5 (2010): 310–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.698.

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Ludwig, Petra, Daniel C. Sévin, Tobias Busche, et al. "Characterization of the small flavin-binding dodecin in the roseoflavin producer Streptomyces davawensis." Microbiology 164, no. 6 (2018): 908–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000662.

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Moore, D. L., R. J. Folwell, A. J. DeBoer, J. Bari, and S. Mbweria. "Small ruminants in western Kenya: producer socioeconomic status in relation to herd health." Small Ruminant Research 4, no. 4 (1991): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(91)90079-6.

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Matuszczak, Anna, and Maryla Bieniek-Majka. "Zorganizowanie producentów owoców i warzyw po 2004 roku. Stan i perspektywy = Self-organization of fruit and vegetable producers after 2004. Overview and prospects." Studia Obszarów Wiejskich 52 (2018): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/sow.52.13.

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The aim of this article was to present changes on the domestic fruit and vegetable market, which were observed after Poland’s accession to the European Union. The change in consumer behaviour and the need to adapt the offer to the increasing market requirements caused the need to take measures enhancing the competitiveness of horticulturists. One of them is the integration of producers. The authors presented changes in the organization of fruit and vegetable producers in Poland in 2004–2017. It was noticed that the Polish horticulturists prefer the southern European model of market organization, consisting in the existence of many small producer groups/organizations. In Poland after 2012, the number of fruit and vegetable producer groups/organizations and the number of members associated in them decreased. Fruit and vegetable producers by establishing the group most often indicated a neutral possibility of selecting the product category, including both fruits and vegetables in their offer. It was noticed that the groups that were liquidated were mostly homogeneous – they offered either fruits or vegetables. Attention is paid to the increase in of integration among mushroom producers. Mushrooms became one of the most important export products. Despite the shrinking number of producer organizations, those remaining on the market are characterized by a relatively stable market power. Changes in the number of producer organizations were larger than changes in the market share.

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Kauppinen‐Räisänen, Hannele. "The impact of extrinsic and package design attributes on preferences for non‐prescription drugs." Management Research Review 33, no. 2 (2010): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409171011015847.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of extrinsic attributes and package design attributes on consumer preferences of high‐risk products.Design/methodology/approachAn explorative conjoint analysis is conducted. A small‐scale sample, consisting of 18 consumers, conduct two conjoint tasks for two drug product types, i.e. painkillers and sore throat medicine.FindingsThe impact of the tested attributes varies according to the product type. The intrinsic attribute of taste is valued most in sore throat medicines, followed by colour and producer. Producer and colour are the most valued in painkillers. Colour is the most influential of the design attributes tested. Well‐known producer is perceived as more important in painkillers, whereas in sore throat medicine domestic producers are valued more.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is exploratory and limited due to the design with few statistical assumptions and to small‐scale sampling in one country only.Practical implicationsThe health care marketers should recognize the impact of package design on consumers' preferences of high‐risk products, such as non‐prescription drug.Originality/valueThere has been little research on the impact of package design attributes such as package colours on consumers in health care marketing.

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Haydu, John J., Alan W. Hodges, and Diego Montenegro. "Bolivia's Emerging Cut-flower Industry: A Performance Assessment." HortScience 27, no. 12 (1992): 1319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.12.1319.

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Cut-flower production in Bolivia is a growing economic activity with sales increasing > 10-fold in the past 6 years. In spite of this growth, Bolivian producers face considerable financial difficulties. Two distinct patterns emerged from this study. Small and medium growers experienced lower costs than larger producers, but the prices they received were also lower. Large operators received twice the small producer price for their flowers, but this gain was offset by the higher costs they had incurred. In the long term, neither selling too low nor operating at costs too high is a sustainable practice.

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Arakal, Jeevan J., and Dinesh Sharma. "Nava Jyoti: Farmer’s Pursuit of Profitable Sales." Asian Case Research Journal 21, no. 02 (2017): 431–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927517500158.

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Small and marginal farmers in India face several difficulties in selling produce due to their scale of production and related transaction costs. Aggregation of produce under the aegis of a producer organization is seen as a possible solution for improving market access. This case is about Nava Jyoti, a producer organization based in Odisha, India. Nava Jyoti received support from several institutions in the form of grants, soft loans and managerial handholding at the time of its inception. However, after a few years Nava Jyoti had incurred losses due to several internal and external factors affecting its sales operations. Building profitable sales operations was the key for farmers to stand on their own feet since grants and other institutional support would not flow indefinitely. The time had come to review the sales operations and take corrective steps, finding an optimal route to market strategy was the envisaged outcome of the review process. Solutions had to be relevant to the context and capabilities of Nava Jyoti’s members — small and marginal farmers in one of the poorest regions of the country.

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Cela, Alban, Edvin Zhllima, Drini Imami, Engjell Skreli, Maurizio Canavari, and Catherine Chan. "Analysis of urban consumer preferences for honey in the context of a transition economy – A case study for Albania." Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 70, no. 4 (2020): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/boku-2019-0021.

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Summary This paper aims to analyze urban consumer preferences for Albanian honey, focusing on key product attributes such as origin, type, location and price, using a conjoint choice experiment and latent class approach. Origin and location-landscape were found to be the most important factors for most surveyed consumers. Albanian consumers prefer honey produced in mountainous forests and on pastures. Moreover, multi-flower honey is preferred compared to chestnuts honey. These results can be used to producers’ advantage when local branding and well-perceived certification (e.g., producer associations’ brands) would be applied in order to increase the consumer awareness and strengthen the intrinsic features of the product especially for small producers. Labeling should be clear and emphasize the origin as well as the natural landscape where beehives are kept. Furthermore, in its regionalization economic development policy, the government may consider supporting honey produced from the mountainous areas.

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Tan, Thong Teck, Ruenn Chai Lai, Jayanthi Padmanabhan, Wei Kian Sim, Andre Boon Hwa Choo, and Sai Kiang Lim. "Assessment of Tumorigenic Potential in Mesenchymal-Stem/Stromal-Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles (MSC-sEV)." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 4 (2021): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14040345.

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Mesenchymal-stem/stromal-cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEV) have been shown to ameliorate many diseases in preclinical studies. However, translating MSC-sEV into clinical use requires the development of scalable manufacturing processes for highly reproducible preparations of safe and potent MSC-sEVs. A major source of variability in MSC-sEV preparations is EV producer cells. To circumvent variability in producer cells, clonal immortalized MSC lines as EV producer lines are increasingly being used for sEV production. The use of sEVs from immortalized producer cells inevitably raises safety concerns regarding the tumorigenicity or tumor promoting potential of the EV products. In this study, cells from E1-MYC line, a MSC cell line immortalized with the MYC gene, were injected subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. At 84 days post-injection, no tumor formation was observed at the injection site, lungs, or lymph nodes. E1-MYC cells pre-and post-sEV production did not exhibit anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 or 5 μg sEVs from E1-MYC into athymic nude mice with FaDu human head and neck cancer xenografts for 28 days did not promote or inhibit tumor growth relative to the xenograft treated with vehicle control. Therefore, MYC-immortalized MSCs are not tumorigenic and sEVs from these MSCs do not promote tumor growth.

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Mat Rasat, Mohd Sukhairi, Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad, Mohd Hafiz Jamaludin, Sharifah Aisyah Syed Omar, and Siti Saniah AB Karim. "Development of Small Scale Mould Stick Machine for Fish Cracker Production." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 5, no. 3 (2017): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v5i3.658.

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The usage of mould stick machines can be implemented to replace the manual hand kneading, rolling, shaping and cutting dough for fish crackers with the machine. The conventional method used manual hand kneading, rolling and shaping the dough of the fish cracker. This method takes time, need more manpower and reduce the quality of production. Therefore, the invention of machines helps producers to increase production quantity and quality by minimizing manpower. Besides that, this modern method may also help the producer to achieve the standard in terms of hygiene, safety and quality of these snacks. There are three common types of fish cracker mould stick machines used in markets such as rolling machines, conveyor machines and blowers machines. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the development and usage of mould stick machines for the fish cracker in improving its production in future.

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Samal, Kishor C. "On Redefining the Urban Informal Manufacturing Sector: A Study of Micro Businesses, Petty Producer Units and Small Capitalist Producer Firms in Sambalpur, Orissa." Journal of Entrepreneurship 6, no. 1 (1997): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097135579700600102.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Small producer'

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