Academic literature on the topic 'Small Scale Industries Development Organisation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Small Scale Industries Development Organisation"
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Carney, Mick. "State Development Strategies for Small Enterprises: The Role of Structural Service Agencies." International Journal of Innovation Management 01, no. 02 (June 1997): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919697000097.
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How can small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), collectively and individually, improve their capacity to compete in international markets dominated by large, resource-rich firms? Beyond providing financial assistance or market protection, can the state contribute to the development of SME capabilities? The creation of structural service agencies in certain Italian industrial districts suggests that the state may promote the development of specific competencies and capabilities among populations of small firms. This paper describes the logic and operation of structural service agencies, quasi-public organisations, which offer services possessing scale and scope economies to spatially clustered industries. Examples from Asia, North America and Europe are used to illustrate the discussion. The environmental conditions and organisational choices facing agency managers are examined. A transactions costs perspective frames the discussion but also draws upon the literature on organisation trust and industry clustering.
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Dias, S. "Organisational Structure and Purchasing Linkage Patterns of Manufacturing Firms in Developing Countries: Small- and Medium-Scale Firms in Metropolitan Colombo, Sri Lanka." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 18, no. 12 (December 1986): 1595–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a181595.
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In this paper the pattern of purchasing linkages and their relationships with organisational structure of small- and medium-scale industries in Sri Lanka, particularly in the Colombo Metropolitan Area, are examined. The different structural features of this industrial sector, consisting of so-called registered and unregistered firms, reflect differences in size, ownership pattern, and their relationship with government organisations. These structural differences of firms influence their pattern and the degree of relationships with different types of suppliers. For the study a sample of 136 firms selected from textile, rubber, and metal industries is used. Principal components analysis is used to analyse the structure of firms and also to identify the significant characteristics of industries. The extent to which the organisational structure of firms is reflected in the purchasing linkage patterns is investigated by means of a correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The conclusion is made that in most industries, purchasing links are highly localised, and retail and wholesale suppliers are more important than the private manufacturers and government organisations. Patterns of purchasing links and the relationship with different types of suppliers vary with the internal structure of firms and the types of industries involved. The study also suggests strong relationships between organisational structure and links with retailers and wholesalers, weak relationships with private manufacturers and government organisations.
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Appel, Peter W. U. "Small-scale mining – hazards and opportunities in Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 7 (July 29, 2005): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v7.4847.
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Small-scale mining is the main source of income for about 100 million people in Asia, Africa and South America. However, the processing of raw materials during this mining activity results in the release of large amounts of mercury to the environment, creating serious environmental problems. Small-scale mining, or artisanal mining, is exploitation using only shovels, picks and hammers, carried out by individuals or small groups. A wide variety of commodities are exploited in this way, ranging from gold, diamonds, precious stones, tin, coal, dimension stones and slate. Small-scale mining is often carried out by labourers with virtually no knowledge of safety procedures. Tunnel cave-ins leading to loss of life are common, and the widespread use of mercury in gold extraction causes many long-term health problems for the miners. It is estimated that about 650 tonnes of mercury are annually released during small-scale mining to the environment, and this figure is likely to increase in the future. Mercury is highly toxic and its use causes health problems not only for the miners, but also to the entire population in areas where small-scale mining takes place. Some miners are aware of the dangers of using mercury, but have no knowledge of recycling procedures. Several international organisations, such as the World Bank, UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organisation), ILO (International Labour Organisation) and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), have launched programmes to examine the problems associated with small-scale mining. Progress so far has been slow, and much more international awareness of the global mercury pollution of the environment from smallscale mining is required. The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) has worked as consultant to the World Bank on projects involving small-scale mining in Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and Laos, and has also undertaken programmes concerning small-scale mining in Lesotho for UNDP and in Tanzania for the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA). This paper reports on some of the initiatives carried out in Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia, to secure and sustain the small-scale mining industry in these regions.
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Bajpayi, Rishabh. "Advance Attendance Calculation for Employees using QR Scan and Location Verification." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 14, 2021): 996–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35137.
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In this era of technology smartphones play a significant role in our day to day life . The popularity of smartphones has increased over the years. This could change and speed up the attendance taking process in society. The current attendance system is time consuming and requires lots of manual workload[19]. This paper discusses the development of the Attendance calculation system for everyone in society whether schools, hotels, gyms, pubs, etc. This is all in one solution for measuring attendance, then salary and solving many problems in the proposed work. The proposed system is a couple of two applications, one for managing the staff details and the second application for taking the attendance by making employees account and giving access to mark their attendance individually. Every organisation whether government or private uses an information system[2.] to store data of their staff. However, in India it is found that many small scale industries use pen and paper to keep a record. However, there are many advanced technology systems available that can do this work but they all are costly for these low level industries. This paper discusses making a system for solving problems for them at a cheaper cost. This system will mark attendance of each employee and calculate the salary of them at the end of month. It also calculates overtime and total working hours of each employee. As in small scale each company has their own holidays preference and variable week off for employees, so all this power is given to the employer to manage holidays and week days of each employee separately. It saves lots of time and has no error in pay calculation hence preventing clashes between HR Team and employees. So that both employer and employee can focus on their work to develop their company.
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Oke, Muritala, Oluseyi Oshinfowokan, and Olubunmi Okonoda. "Nigeria-China Trade Relations: Projections for National Growth and Development." International Journal of Business and Management 14, no. 11 (October 14, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n11p77.
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The relations between countries as always been defined and pursued by National Interest coupled by comparative advantage, meanwhile, globalization has fuelled interdependence, integration and technological connectivity amongst countries of the world. This situation has led to trade liberalization. The trade relations between Nigeria and China has always been of mutual benefits to the two countries, probably because the two countries are prominent member of the G77 group of developing countries within the United Nations. The era of General Sani Abacha made the relationship stronger as Nigeria shifted from the North to the South and engaged China more having been rejected by the Northern allies of developed capitalist nations. The paper interrogated the trade relation between Nigeria and China and assess the impact of mechanisms and measures such as One China Policy and Nigeria Naira – China Yuan Currency Swap on the Nigeria growth and development. It equally examined the perceptions of Nigeria entrepreneurs in pushing for balance of trade relations between Nigeria and China. The study employed the quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the trade relationship between Nigeria and China. Simple Random Sample (SRS) technique was used to select respondents from Federal Ministries of Finance, Trade, Industries and Investment, Small and Medium Scale Development Agency (SMEDAN) as well Central Bank of Nigeria, Nigeria Content Development and Monitoring Board for the conduction of interviews; while key informant interview were conducted with President, Nigeria Chamber of Commerce and Industry (NACCIMA); National President, Manufacturing Association of Nigeria (MAN), and National President of Nigeria Union of Textile Workers (NUTW).A total of 100 questionnaires was distributed randomly to traders in six big markets which trade in both Nigeria and China product - Ariara Market in Aba, Sabo Market in Kano, Alaba Market in Lagos, Onitsha Market in Anambra, Central market in Kaduna, Nnewi market. The study found out that for Nigeria to get more gains from China, Nigeria traders, manufacturers and organised trade organisation must be carried in decision making and shun importation of already made goods that can be produced locally; support local industries to enhance their production capacity; more interaction between the businessmen of both countries, government official and politician; allowing independent functioning of institutions created to promote trade and investment without interference.
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Andriani, Made, T. M. A. Ari Samadhi, Joko Siswanto, and Kadarsah Suryadi. "Aligning business process maturity level with SMEs growth in Indonesian fashion industry." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 26, no. 4 (September 3, 2018): 709–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-08-2017-1215.
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Purpose This study aims to develop a business process maturity model, especially on operation processes, based on the characteristics of each organisational growth stage, to increase small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growth. With this information, SMEs can identify their needs and priorities for business process improvement based on the characteristics that are inherent in the organisation. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model was developed by reviewing the literature on previous studies related to the organisational life cycle and its characteristics, as well as a business process maturity model. Furthermore, historical case studies were conducted to validate the proposed model. Case study objects in this research were fashion industry companies that have grown from an SME scale to national level. Findings The results of this research indicate that the characteristics of each growth stage are different, which led to increased complexity and maturity of business processes run. Therefore, SMEs should pay attention to their growth stages, as a basis to improve their business process maturity, especially on the critical processes, which are evaluate products performance, design products and services and monitor sales. Through this model, SMEs can determine the business’ current growth stage and use the proposed model as guidance for business process improvement to accelerate organisational growth. Research limitations/implications Validation of the proposed model was done by conducting a historical case study. To generalise the model, it is recommended to survey similar industry and test quantitatively using statistical methods. However, further research can be used in other industries that might yield different results. Besides, this research can also be developed in the supporting process categories. Practical implications This study provides a practical guide for SMEs to identify their current growth stage, and implement the measurement of business process maturity level. Maturity level standard at every growth stage can be used in determining the priority of business process improvement to drive organisational growth. Originality/value Through this research, the BPMM method was developed to enable SMEs to implement a self-evaluation process without seeking external assistance and assess their needs through a clear and understandable scale allowing for further development of the business. By using this method, SMEs can manage their business processes maturity level to encourage its growth.
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Church, A. "Urban Regeneration in London Docklands: A Five-Year Policy Review." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 6, no. 2 (June 1988): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c060187.
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An urban development corporation was established in London Docklands in 1981. Recently, central government has announced its intention to set up similar organisations elsewhere in Britain, and, therefore, a review of the impact of the London Docklands' initiative is appropriate. In this paper I outline the impact of the urban development corporation, in terms of economic regeneration and of the effect on local unemployment. It is argued that demand-led economic regeneration, based on the redevelopment of derelict land, has changed the nature of the local economy, although as yet it has not had any significant effect on the numbers of jobs in the local economy, because of continued decline in existing industries and because of pressures on firms to relocate. Local unemployment has gone on increasing, and evidence is presented to show that labour-market adjustment mechanisms and recruitment patterns severely limit the impact of economic regeneration on unemployment in Docklands. Even major developments, such as the proposed office complex on Canary Wharf, will have only a relatively small effect on local unemployment. Local labour-market intervention has been slow to occur, limited in its aims, and uncoordinated. Urban development corporations are useful policy devices for the encouragement of large-scale land redevelopment, but in their present form they do not represent a complete solution to the economic and employment problems of depressed urban areas.
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Shehawy, Yasser Moustafa, Ahmed Elbaz, and Gomaa M. Agag. "Factors affecting employees’ job embeddedness in the Egyptian airline industry." Tourism Review 73, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 548–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-03-2018-0036.
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Purpose The importance of employees’ job embeddedness perception in the airline companies has not been given the required attention. To recognise the role of frontline employees’ perception regarding job embeddedness, the present research aims to develop and investigate a model that examines the determinants and consequences of employees’ job embeddedness in airline industry. The current study also aims to enrich the literature on human resources in the fields of transportation service management as the lifeblood of tourism industry as a related service industry by providing a comprehensive framework and measurement scale regarding the social exchange theory. Design/methodology/approach The study used a survey among a sample representative of frontline employees operating in Egyptian airline industry across Egypt. In total, 870 questionnaires were collected and analysed using structural equation modelling using WarpPLS 6.0. Findings The results indicate that both supervisors’ support and employees’ advocacy have a significant effect on job embeddedness. In addition, it found out that job embeddedness has a significant effect on organisational commitment and employees’ intention to leave. Research limitations/implications This paper is conceptual in nature regarding the social exchange theory in service related industries such as airlines and tourism. Practical implications The authors intend to use these considerations as a basis for future research implications for tourism small- and medium-sized enterprises in the Middle-Eastern and North-African region. Social implications This paper contributes to the literature on social exchange theory by measuring factors affecting employees’ job embeddedness in the Egyptian airline industry, notably its related human resources as a service industry. Originality/value This study developed and empirically tested a comprehensive model of job embeddedness with its drivers and evaluated its impact on both organisational commitment and intention to leave. Such findings hold important implications for tourism small- and medium-sized enterprises in the Middle-Eastern and North-African region.
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Palanivelu, V. R., and D. Manikandan. "Small Scale Industries in Entrepreneurship Development of India." Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management 5, no. 12 (2015): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7307.2015.00205.4.
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Singh, Rajesh K., Suresh K. Garg, and S. G. Deshmukh. "Strategy development by small scale industries in India." Industrial Management & Data Systems 110, no. 7 (August 24, 2010): 1073–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635571011069112.
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PurposeIn the present scenario of e‐globalization, small scale industries (SSIs) are considered engine for economic growth all over the world. After markets globalization, SSIs are facing many pressures and constraints to sustain their competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to examine various issues in context of Indian SSIs such as nature of pressures and constraints, competitive priorities, competencies development, areas of investment, and their relationship with performance.Design/methodology/approachFor collecting data, a questionnaire‐based survey was conducted. In total, 75 valid responses were received. Statistical analysis of data acquired from survey is done by reliability test, t‐test, and correlation analysis.FindingsCost reduction, quality improvement, and delivery in time have emerged as major challenges for SSIs. Market research, welfare of employees, and research and development are found as major areas for investment. Use of information technology, training of employees, and research and development has significant relationship with performance.Research limitations/implicationsOrganizations should develop their strategies after analysing business environment and SSIs should utilize their resources judiciously. However, it is felt that this study can be further explored by considering other aspects of strategy development such as human resource, vendor development, organization culture, etc.Originality/valueFindings and issues of the paper will be highly useful for SSIs in framing their strategies, and academia for further research in the context of changing market scenario.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Small Scale Industries Development Organisation"
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Fundanga, Caleb Mailoni. "The role of small scale industries in regional development in Zambia." Konstanz : Hartung-Gorre, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/14876631.html.
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Arthur, Peter Kow. "Promoting small-scale industries in Ghana, development institutions, culture and politics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ56073.pdf.
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Steyn, Thomas. "Vertical organisation of small scale farmers." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40778.
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Small scale farmers represent 80% of all farmers in sub-Saharan Africa and contribute up to 90% of agriculture production. Small scale farming is not without its problems and sub-Saharan Africa has one of the lowest agriculture productivities in the world - this despite ample land and water availability. These problems include inter alia, the fundamental lack of economies of scale and access to market, high transaction costs, and limited access to finance. This is in a global environment, where contract farming is becoming very dominant in agriculture: In 2010, 41% of the North American agriculture output was sold on contract, compared to 11% in the ‘60’s.
The research objective was to evaluate contract farming as a vertical integration mechanism for small scale farmers to take advantage of this growing long term trend. To this end, a hypothesis was proposed that contract farming is a practical model that increases farm income for the small scale farmer. In support of this hypothesis, five propositions were tested, viz: does contract farming provide market linkage, reduce transaction costs, increase rural development, raise production output, and can it be applied across different crops. The research followed a deductive approach and a qualitative data collection method. The propositions were tested using empirical evidence obtained from semi-structured interviews with companies involved in contract farming.
The hypothesis was confirmed by the evidence presented. The individual propositions: market linkage, transaction costs, rural development and different crops were all supported. However the evidence presented that contract farming raises output was inconclusive. These findings are however, subject to solving a number of issues - such as land transfer, mitigating the effect of low economies of scale, controlling side selling, and having a dispensation that increases profits over the long term. Further to the findings, a model framework is proposed to structure a contract farming system. With 60% of the sub-Saharan population involved in agriculture, the ability to increase farm side income presents an enormous opportunity to contribute to rural economic prosperity. This is not only for the benefit of farmer, but also for his community, via the multiplier effect.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
ccgibs2014
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Ramaiah, V. "Organisation and management of production units of Andhra Pradesh small scale industrial development corporation." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/6017.
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Manzi, Brighton. "Role of state-owned development finance institutions in fostering environmental compliance by small-scale miners in South Africa." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25119.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Environmental Science). Johannesburg, 2017.South Africa’s SDFIs have potential to play a critical role in fostering environmental compliance in the mining industry. Their role is particularly important in the small-scale and junior mining sector which is usually shunned by private finance institutions because of high environmental credit risk. Equipped with knowledge and experience of working with clients across different sectors and their potential leadership role in technology transfer, SDFIs can leverage their position in acting as trusted third party environmental regulation enforcers. Financial institutions have long been criticised for showing little interest in environmental impacts of their clients while concentrating on profit maximisation. This study sought to investigate the response by financial institutions to this criticism through evaluating the role of SDFIs in fostering environmental compliance by small-scale and junior mining companies which are generally viewed as having a poor environmental compliance record. Through the twin qualitative research methods of interviews and document analysis, the role of three state-owned development finance institutions in fostering environmental regulation compliance by small-scale mining enterprises in South Africa was evaluated. The study revealed that SDFIs explicitly and implicitly provide a wide range of products and services which help small-scale and junior miners in complying with environmental regulations. The study also found that, while SDFIs are beginning to adopt market-based mechanisms to encourage environmental compliance, they still heavily rely on command and control mechanisms as a way of mitigating environmentally related risks arising from financing mining companies.
LG2018
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Msomi, Mbongiseni Cosmos. "A sociological analysis of the problem faced by the development of the small scale business industries at Esikhawini in KwaZulu-Natal Province." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/211.
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Dissertation presented in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Masters of Industrial Sociology, in the Department of Sociology at the University of Zululand, Faculty of Arts, 2002.This study focuses on the problems facing the development of the small-scale business industries at Esikhawini in Kwazulu Natal Province. The first chapter brings forth the primary information about the small-scale business as it started in other countries does. It came to South Africa with the missionaries from Europe. Via the Mediterranean Sea as their route until eventually reached Africa exchange of commodities begun. The African continent has generally poor infrastructure and because of illiteracy Europeans came to exploit African minerals and took Africans into slavery. All that missionaries introduced was their concern with literacy and religious instructions Missionaries failed to develop an African entrepreneur class. In chapter two-literature review shows that there are many problems that hinder the development of the small-scale business industries that could not be developed the government. Other authors reveal that the government failed to attend some of the problems because of the lack of skills for running the small-scale business. The geographical location of the business, as some of the business is located far from the source of raw material is another factor. The competition among the small -scale business further made them not to support the communities. Thus resulted in the decline of the small-scale business industries. Chapter three of the study reveals the purposive sampling method that was used in this study. It is because of its appropriateness to the study, that the data collection was done using self -administered questionnaires. The questionnaires comprises both close and open-ended questionnaires. They were distributed among the workers and the owners of the small -scale business industries In chapter four the data collected was analyzed using tables and the pie charts, in the data analysis the researcher found that the small scale business industries at Esikhawini were owned by the single untrained people, which contributes to their decline. Most of them know nothing about the running of the business and there is a lot of competition among these business which is a further hindrance to the development of this industry. In Chapter five, the researcher recommens and concluded that the problems feeing the development of the small -scale business industries is the global problem, because it is not centered at Kwazulu-Natal Province only, but all the small-scale industries in the world suffer from similar problems. The researcher suggests that the government's intervention through forming a department that would deal with small-scale industries could make small-scale business industries to develop to some considerable level.
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Selwe, Milane Kgalanyana. "The impact of Botswana international trade fair on informal small scale clothing producers." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4562.
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Micro and small businesses have become a contributor to both reduction of
unemployment and to national development. The informal small scale clothing
producers in Botswana have been supported by government through policies
directed towards poverty alleviation and employment creation. Despite the
government's efforts of availing financial assistance, technical expertise,
promotional and marketing support, the informal small scale clothing producers
do not seem to be utilising these for full benefit. Participation of the informal
small scale clothing producers at Botswana International Trade Fair was
expected to provide them with avenues for long term benefits through marketing
their products and learning. The purpose of this study was to establish the
impact of Botswana International Trade Fair on the informal small scale clothing
producers. The informal small scale clothing producers have had assistance and
access to promoting their products for a considerable time, with not much change
in the market share and quantities of production. The challenges facing these
informal small scale clothing producers has been to utilise BITF for competing
with local and regional producers in providing quality products; to increase
production for meeting the demands of the market; to increase profits, and
expand businesses to reduce unemployment.
Purposive sampling was used to select participating informal small scale clothing
producers and council Home Economists while the· independent small scale
exhibitors were conveniently sampled during the 2006 trade fair. Seventeen
informal small scale clothing producers from the eastern part of Botswana were
interviewed to establish impacts from participating at the trade fair. One
producer who h-ad won most prizes at the trade fair was interviewed for a
different perspective in production strategies employed. Fifteen council Home
Economists, acting as liaison and change agents for the informal small scale
clothing pmducers, also participated in the survey and focus group discussions.
Two case studies were developed fmm in-depth interviews with independent
small scale exhibitors to ascertain impact brought about by BITF on these
producers. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in collecting
data. The results were analysed in terms of frequencies and chi-square
relationships.
Great similarities were found to exist between the three samples. The results
revealed that there was adequate knowledge about BITF on the informal small
scale clothing producers, as weil as with council Home Economists and the
independent small scale exhibitors. The three groups understood the objectives
of BITF to be mostly educational and followed by promotion. All the groups
reported noticeable impact to be growth in the number of customers, increase in
production, increase in assets, improvement in quality of products and addition of
newly developed products. Perceptions of the three groups on the benefits from
BITF matched what they experienced as result of participation at the trade fair.
The producers on the other hand experienced a decline in the number of
employees while the independent small scale exhibitors had an increase.
For utmost benefit of BITF, the producers have to. strengthen their marketing
strategies, during and outside the trade fair. There is need for the producers to
take initiatives to secure their own stalls for participation during the trade fair as
individuals or jointly with other producers. Producers could benefit more from
using funding from government for promotion of products. Home Economists
should support self representation by the producers so that they directly learn
from participation and eventually wean off continued support from government.
For monitoring and planning purposes, a national data base for micro and
informal small scale clothing producers should be kept by the Department of
Social Services. Benchmarking on involving micro and small scale businesses in
training is essential, and establishment of local markets for continued contact
with customers could expand producers' knowledge in production.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.
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Matsiketa, Khensani Eullen. "Development of product quality management guidelines for informal small-scale brick manufacturing enterprises in Dididi, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1129.
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MESMEGDepartment of Mining and Environmental Geology
Although clay brick manufacturing has been going on for many years in South Africa, informal small-scale clay brick manufacturing enterprises are not officially regulated. Consequently, informal brick makers in the study area do not adhere to the demanding requirements of the South African National Standards for burnt clay masonry. Therefore, their clay bricks lack uniformity in terms of quality. Preliminary work revealed that over time, buildings constructed with these bricks develop cracks, thereby compromising safety. The importance of product quality management is not well understood in the informal brick manufacturing enterprises. As a result, they do not have any product quality management guidelines. The main purpose of this research was to develop the product quality management guidelines for ensuring quality in small-scale brick making enterprises in Dididi area. The specific objectives were to characterize the raw materials for clay brick manufacturing, identify and assess the technical problems of clay brick production, analyse the process of clay brick production and determine areas where product quality improvement is warranted. The research involved fieldwork which included soil sampling, analysis of clay brick production through the use of questionnaires and onsite observation of the production process, collection of samples of burnt bricks which were examined for compressive strength, water absorption as well as dimension measurements. These were then compared with the prescribed quality standards. Laboratory analyses of samples of raw materials were conducted and these included sieve analysis which was conducted in order to establish the particle size distribution of the raw materials; Atterberg limit tests were conducted in order to establish the physical characteristics of the soil. Chemical and mineralogical analyses were carried out to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition of the soil using XRF and XRD respectively. The textural characterisation of the material revealed abundance of sand sized particles and significantly low amounts of clay and silt. The plasticity of the soil used for bricks manufacturing in the study area was found to be ranging from slight to medium plasticity. Chemical analysis showed elevated silica contents with minor amounts of alumina and iron oxide. XRD analysis revealed the dominance of non-clay minerals with the highest concentration of quartz. The average compressive strengths of the tested brick samples for site A was 3.8, and 2.9 and 3.8 MPa for sites B and C respectively. The water absorption of the bricks was 13.5, 15.0 and 16.1% for samples from Site A, B and C respectively. The bricks dimensions met the recommended standards although their sizes were not uniform. v The survey conducted on brick manufacturing process revealed that the technical inefficiencies were mostly influenced by human and mechanical factors as well as the material inappropriateness. The production process was found to be too manual and labour intensive. Selection of the raw materials for brick manufacturing was based on indigenous knowledge and experience and most of the brick manufacturers lacked the prerequisite experience for making quality bricks. On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that the materials used for manufacturing of clay bricks in Dididi are not well suited for making good quality bricks due to the reduced plasticity of the soil and the high concentration of quartz. These render the bricks brittle. It was also concluded that the production process also contributes to the poor quality of the bricks as the nature of the process was too manual. Selection of materials based merely on knowledge and experience and no scientific tests resulted in selection of inadequate materials which in turn affect the quality of the final bricks. It is therefore recommended that plastic clays be added to the raw clay materials to enhance its moulding property. In addition, materials such as internal fuels and anti-shrinkage materials should be incorporated into the process cycle to prevent cracking during drying and firing. Based on the findings of the analysis of the production process, it is recommended that mechanized techniques be employed in the operation and awareness training conducted to improve the understanding and skills of the brick manufacturers and to ensure production of good quality bricks.
NRF
Books on the topic "Small Scale Industries Development Organisation"
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Mishra, S. N. Organisational requirements of village and small scale industries: A case study of Alwar District of Rajasthan. Delhi, India: Mittal Publications, 1986.
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G, M. TIBET BAQAL. ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT & SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES. J&K,Srinagar: kitab mahal publications, 2008.
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Panda, Shiba Charan. Entrepreneurship development in small scale industries. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1996.
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Hamid, Syed Abdul. Management development of small scale industries. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1989.
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Sikka, Tilak Raj. Small scale industries in India: Organisation and management. New Delhi: Radha Publications, 1991.
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Rao, T. Venkateswara. Development of small scale industries: Role of DICS. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1995.
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Reddy, R. Jaya Prakash. Problems and development of small scale industries in India. New Delhi: Ashish Pub. House, 1991.
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Ngandwe, Chiselebwe. The role of small scale industries in Zambia's development. Lusaka?: The Bureau., 1985.
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Bhattacharya, Sib Nath. Development of small scale and cottage industries: The Indian experience. New Delhi, India: Metropolitan Book Co., 1986.
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Horvath, Jane. Small and medium scale manufacturing in Mexican development, 1954-1989. New York: Garland Pub., 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Small Scale Industries Development Organisation"
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Madarapu, Anjaiah, and M. Harinatha Reddy. "Development of Solar Turbine for Small-Scale Industries." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 139–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1124-0_12.
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Carr, Marilyn. "7. Women in small-scale industries — some lessons from Africa." In Gender, Small-scale Industry and Development Policy, 109–15. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442280.007.
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Dadfar, Hossein, and Morteza Sanaie. "Manufacturing and Product Development by Symbiotic Co-operation in Small Scale Industries." In Achieving Competitive Edge Getting Ahead Through Technology and People, 229–34. London: Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1904-3_38.
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Gaunkar, Vaibhav, and A. P. Sudheer. "Development of Novel Cost-Effective Automatic Packing System for Small-Scale Industries." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 207–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2696-1_20.
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Kareem, B. "Development of a Changeable Die Forging Machine for Small Scale Forging Industries." In Advanced Materials Research, 487–92. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-450-2.487.
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Patil, Vikas, Aniket Patil, Bhagyesh Deshmukh, and Roohshad Mistry. "Development of a Cellular Lightweight Cement (CLC) Block Cutting Machine for Small Scale Industries." In ICoRD’15 – Research into Design Across Boundaries Volume 2, 521–31. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2229-3_44.
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Stevens, Christopher, E. G. S. Ikomba, and Brian Jones. "10. Refractory Bricks for Lime Kilns: Small-scale production using local raw materials; Tanzania: Small industries development of lime kilns; Small-scale Lime Processing: The Balaka experience." In Lime and Other Alternative Cements, 150–71. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442631.010.
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Ganesan, Sivaguru. "Small Scale Building Material Industries." In Employment, Technology and Construction Development, 146–61. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315186115-7.
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Koh, D., and J. Jeyaratnam. "Occupational Health Services for Small Scale Industries." In Occupational Health in National Development, 59–73. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814354349_0005.
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Yadav, Jyoti, Swati Agarwal, and Suphiya Khan. "Small-Scale Development of Product." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 77–94. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7411-9.ch005.
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Small-scale product development is not for everyone, and it needs a high level of discipline, dedication, persistence, and creativity as well as a lot of work. Before setting up a small-scale business, one needs seed money, physical location of the business venture, construction work, equipment/machinery maintenance, management skills, accounting skills, and last but not least, marketing skills. For the development of any area, the small-scale industry development is very important mainly for the income source of the community and for employment opportunities. On the basis of study, four strategies that are used for the development of small-scale industries were found, and these strategies are 1) promotion and development of institutional, business groups, and cooperatives; 2) determination brands; 3) strategy competition with low cost and product development; 4) to improve final access market orientation strategies. On the basis of analysis of these strategies, they are prioritized, and the first priority is strategy.
Conference papers on the topic "Small Scale Industries Development Organisation"
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Rossiter, David, and Rachel O’Donnell. "Taking the UK’s National LLW Progamme From Strategy Development to Implementation." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59059.
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In 2008 UK Nuclear Waste Management Ltd (UKNWM) became the Parent Body Organisation (PBO) at the Low Level Waste Repository (LLWR) in the UK. LLWR is the primary disposal facility for the UK’s LLW, supporting a wide range of industries across the nuclear power generation, reprocessing, defence, healthcare, education, and oil and gas sectors. One of the key tasks following the appointment of the new PBO was to work with the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) to develop a national strategy for LLW generated in the UK, predominantly in the NDA estate. The new National Strategy for LLW was required to address the gap between the forecast waste arisings and predicted capacity at LLWR. The National Strategy for LLW Management was published in August 2010 following an 18 month development period. The main focus of the strategy is on three areas: • Application of the waste management hierarchy to extend the life of LLWR and ensure waste is managed in a risk-based, fit-for-purpose manner; • Making best use of existing assets such as transport, packaging, treatment and disposal facilities; • Opening up new fit-for-purpose waste management routes to divert waste away from LLWR. Developing a robust strategy is vital to provide strategic direction to Government, waste producers, regulators, and stakeholders. Once the strategy is developed and approved, the key challenge is then to implement the strategy on a national scale in an efficient and cost-effective manner that delivers maximum value for money to the UK taxpayer. As well as developing the strategy, LLWR has been actively working to develop the enablers to implement the strategy. Since the publication of the strategy in August 2010 LLWR has been re-organised to reflect the shift in focus, from strategy development to implementation and delivery of the strategy. New resources have been brought in with international waste management experience to help integrate delivery with waste producers. This paper covers the changes in focus required from developing the strategy to how this is implemented. This includes the development of metal recycling, incineration, VLLW disposal, characterisation, packaging transport services. These services have been developed to allow the key aims in the strategy to be achieved, and the cultural changes that both LLWR and the customers have had to adapt to, as well as future developments in waste services.
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Guo, Jiusheng. "Overview of Micro-Manufactured-Based Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Development for Portable Applications." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21029.
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With increasing demand for portable electronics devices, on-board chips, sensors, actuators in microelectronics, medical, and wireless telecommunication industries, etc., a small-power (milliwatt or subwatt range) alternative power source to lithium ion battery is required. Micro-scale fuel cell, especially micro Direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) has attracted attention as a small-size and portable power source, due to the fuel’s capability to deliver high power density per volume and weight. The miniaturization of μDMFC requires special manufacturing techniques different from conventional machining methods in macro-DMFC, which can fabricate the key components in μDMFC and assembly them together in micro-scale level. Thanks to integrated circuit fabrication and Micro-electro-mechanical –system (MEMS), current approach to developing μDMFC is adoption of Silicon micromachining technologies to creating micro-fluidic channels (for fuel and gas delivery). The deposition of thin films of exotic materials using semiconductor techniques is applied to make electrodes and current collector. In the paper, an overview of design and microfabrication of μDMFC was performed. The design configuration of the μDMFCs have been summarized and evaluated. The outputs of the designed and microfabricated μDMFC were analyzed and compared. Finally, the requirements for designing and micro-manufacturing the components and system in μDMFC, and packaging are proposed from technical and cost point of view.
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Kafara, Markus, Hans-Henrik Westermann, Eva Eisinger, and Rolf Steinhilper. "Development of a Reference Part for the Evaluation of Economic and Ecological Impact of Future Process Chains in Mold Core Making." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59200.
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Driven by the high importance of resource efficiency the importance of lightweight construction rises across all industries. Due to their high lightweight construction potential, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are increasingly applied. But CFRP manufacturing often is an expensive small-scale production where it is necessary to use removable mold cores to manufacture hollow parts. To improve the complex process of mold core making future process chains including additive manufacturing (i.e. 3D-printing) can be used. This paper provides a proposal for a hollow CFRP reference part based on facts taken directly from the field of application. The reference part will allow the evaluation of economic and ecological impact of process chains in mold core making for the CFRP production. Therefore, representative parts from different industry sectors were selected and analytically examined regarding their geometrical features. Based on a scientific recomposition of these features the reference part was developed.
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Miyata, Shinya, Satoru Kamohara, Wataru Sakuma, and Hiroaki Nishi. "Development of Steam Generator Model Using RELAP5 to Simulate Two-Phase Natural Circulation for Pressurized Water Reactor." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30703.
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In typical pressurized water reactor (PWR), to cope with beyond design basis events such as station black out (SBO) or small break loss of coolant accident with safety injection system failure, injection from accumulator sustains core cooling by compensating for loss of coolant. Core cooling is sustained by single- or two-phase natural circulation or reflux condensation depending on primary coolant mass inventory. Behavior of the natural circulation in PWR has been investigated in the facilities such as Large Scale Test Facility (LSTF) which is a full-height and full-pressure and thermal-hydraulic simulator of typical four-loop PWR. Two steady-state natural circulation tests were conducted in LSTF at both high and low pressure. These two tests were conducted changing the primary mass inventory as a test parameter, while keeping the other parameters such as core power, steam generator (SG) pressure, and steam generator water level as they are. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) plans new natural circulation tests to cover wider range of core power and pressure as test-matrix (including the previous LSTF tests) to validate applicability of the model in wider range of core power and pressure conditions including the SBO conditions. In this paper, the previous LSTF natural circulation tests are reviewed and the new test plan will be described. Additionally, MHI also started a feasibility study to improve the steam generator tube and inlet/outlet plenum model using the M-RELAP5 code [4]. Newly developed model gives reasonable agreement with the previous LSTF tests and applies to the new test conditions. The feasibility findings will also be described in this paper.
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Konda, Noboru, Kazushige Arimochi, Akinori Inami, Yukichi Takaoka, Takumi Yoshida, and Inge Lotsberg. "Development of Structural Steel With High Resistance to Fatigue Crack Initiation and Growth: Part 4." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49501.
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For many years, fatigue design has been based on the fundamental that the fatigue strength of welded structures is independent of the steel material and/or strength. Nothing has been studied from the viewpoint of material because fatigue strength of welded joints converges much to the same capacity regardless of material strength. For improvement of fatigue lives, the designers have been advised to improve the geometry of the details, to reduce the nominal stress level or to use some post weld improvement method like toe grinding. In 2001, a new steel material was developed that showed extended fatigue initiation life as well as extended crack growth life, and a new alternative method for fatigue life extension appeared. This steel was denoted FCA (Fatigue Crack Arrester) due to the improved fatigue properties. The improved fatigue strength in welded joints is explained by flat hardness distribution and very fine microstructure at heat affected zone (HAZ). It was clarified that fatigue strength of HAZ in FCA where fatigue crack initiates generally was higher than that in conventional steel. And the improved fatigue crack propagation properties in base steel is explained by a decreased crack growth rate when a fatigue crack passes a grain boundary from a soft phase (feritte) to a hard phase (bainite) that is present in these new dual phase steels. FCA steel has now been used for details of a number of newly built ships, where good fatigue properties are required. In order to establish a general design S-N curve that can be used for the FCA steel, it was agreed in 2007 to start a joint industry project among Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation, Det Norske Veritas and Sumitomo Metal Industries. This JIP is now being finished and a design S-N curve has been proposed based on 66 data from small scale testing of specimens made from FCA steel, and 18 data from conventional steel. These test results have been supplemented by some large scale tests of relevant ship details. The discussed results from this JIP including a recommended design S-N curve for FCA steel will be shown in this paper.
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Esan, Oluwasegun. "Cultural heritage: an urban memoir towards Idanre city prosperity." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/gnbv3886.
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The present tasks facing most of the cities in Nigeria is over reliance on crude oil. The task ahead is to ensure cities function properly and cater for its inhabitants adequately. Several efforts to diversify and develop other sectors of the economy over the last two decades yielded little result. The crash in global crude oil economy is compelling Nigerian cities to explore alternative source of income. At this crucial time, a closer look at creative industry to leverage on heritage resources is being explored. The paper examines precious Idanre heritage as a developmental tool towards urban prosperity. Idanre is a relatively small and historic town in Ondo State situated at the foot of scenic Idanre hills with unique cultural heritage and propensity to attract diverse tourist locally and internationally. The study adopts qualitative research approach through purposive interview and focus group discussion. Community participation will permit inclusive planning for the city. This research findings include 1350AD ancient palace on the hill: unique Orogho, Usalu and Udale quarters; Orosun Sacred Groove and Festival; Agaga Hills; Idanre Forest Reserve; and small-scale Cocoa Agricultural Estates. Community consensus identified heritage memorabilia, cottage industry, small scale local chocolate industry, community sacred forest tour guides and Orosun festival as to enhance the prosperity of the town. Conclusively, community opinion, cultural custodians, traditional rulers, heritage tourists were various elements of Idanre city system as Idanre city is tied to its heritage resources. The legibility of Idanre city is influenced by heritage resources as the collective memory that can be translated into urban prosperity. This paper recommends that innovation capacity and citizenry interaction are fundamental for desired Idanre prosperity through a robust heritage resource deeply rooted in creative industry rooted in heritage resources. Government need to promote the development of cultural heritage and creative industries. Furthermore, urban planning policies should be in favour of mixed-use, well defined and connected spatial clusters within the urban network. An integrated and comprehensive strategy is also needed for the development of creative industries.
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Ahmadi, Goodarz, and Cetin Cetinkaya. "Sequence of Courses on Particle Transport, Deposition and Removal and Engineering of Nano/Micro-Scale Systems." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30600.
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Small (nano-/micro-scale) particle transport, deposition and removal are of critical importance in many industries including semiconductor manufacturing, imaging, pharmaceutical and food processing. In addition, numerous environmental processes involve particle transport, deposition and removal. In the last decade, significant research progress in the areas of nano- and micro-particle transport, deposition and removal has been made. In this project, a series of courses was developed to make these class of new important research findings available to seniors and graduate students in engineering through developing and offering of specialized curricula at Clarkson University. The project involved integration of particle transport, deposition and removal numerical simulations and experiments in the developed courses. The course materials are mostly made available on the web and some courses have been taught at Clarkson University and Syracuse University campuses simultaneously. Based on the course materials, a series of short courses was also offered at several countries. The first two courses on particle transport, deposition and removal are composed of four modules: (i) fundamental of particle transport, dispersion, deposition and removal, (ii) computational modeling of particle transport, deposition and removal, (iii) experimental study of particle transport, deposition and removal, and (iv) industrial applications of particle transport, deposition and removal. Based on this course development experience, more recently, a new undergraduate course (Nano/Micro-scale Systems Engineering) was developed. The course development and implementation was supported a grant from NSF under the Nanotechnology Undergraduate Education program following an initial grant from Clarkson University. The chief instructional objective of the new course is to familiarize the students to the design, analysis, simulation and implementation/fabrication of nano/micro-scale engineering systems. This nanotechnology course consists of three main components to address a set of its well-defined educational objectives: (i) lectures developed and delivered by a multidisciplinary team at Clarkson University, (ii) instructions on computational design/analysis and simulation tools, and (iii) a hands-on workshop for gaining experience with cleanroom procedures and fabrication facilities. The second component has been developed with help of a software company. The third component is being realized through collaboration with the NNIN supported CNF facility at Cornell University as a hands-on workshop for the Clarkson students. An outline of this ongoing course development activity has been given and main features of the course has been discussed.
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Yamagishi, Kiichiro, Yukio Yamada, Yoshihiro Echizenya, and Shoji Ishiwata. "Current Status of Ceramic Gas Turbine R&D in Japan." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-114.
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The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) has started two nine-year national R&D projects for small-capacity ceramic gas turbines (CGTs) from 1988, following several preliminary investigations of the technical aspects and of the social impacts of CGTs. Planned 300kW industrial ceramic gas turbines are to be used for co-generation and mobile power generation. The goals are 42% and higher for the thermal efficiency at the turbine inlet temperature of 1350°C, and the emission from the exhaust gas should meet the regulatory values. Also ceramic components have the goals of 400MPa for the minimum flexure strength at 1500°C, and 15 MPam1/2 for the fracture toughness. New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) is the main contractor, and three groups of private industries are the subcontractors for 300kW industrial CGT project. Three national research institutes are involved in the projects to conduct supportive research of ceramic materials and engine components as well as to carry out assessment of the materials and engine systems developed by the private industries. The development of 100kW CGT for automotive use was also recommended in the above stated investigations and a two-year preliminary study started in 1988. The full-scale 100kW automotive CGT R&D project is scheduled to start in 1990 after the preliminary study. Japan Automobile Research Institute, Inc. (JARI) is the main contractor for 100kW automotive CGT project with the cooperation of three automobile companies.
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Kumar M., Vijay, A. N. N. Murthy, and K. C. Chandrashekara. "The State of Art on Scheduling of FMS: A Comprehensive Survey." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95077.
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Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) have already proved their great success in a large number of manufacturing industries. Realizing the importance of FMS in increasing productivity, quality, the high investment and the potential of FMS as a strategic competitive tool makes it attractive to engage in research in this area. Scheduling of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) has been one of the most attractive areas for both researches and practitioners. A considerable body of literature has accumulated in this area since the late 1970s when the first batches of papers were published. A number of approaches here been adopted to schedule FMS. The FMS scheduling problem has been tackled by various traditional optimization techniques and non-traditional approaches. The traditional method can give an optimal solution to small-scale problem; they are often inefficient when applied to larger-scale problem. The non-traditional approaches such as genetic algorithm generate optimal schedule to large-scale problems. Articles emphasizing many methodological perspectives are critically reviewed. The review is done from multiple viewpoints covering different approaches like simulation, artificial intelligence and genetic algorithm. Comments on the publications and suggestions for research and development are given. A comprehensive bibliography is also presented in the paper.
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Walker, Stuart, and Arthur Ruggles. "Mercury Scaling of a Swirling Jet Micro-Bubble Generator." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30534.
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Swirling jets with co-axial gas filament flow have been used for production of small bubbles in environmental and chemical processing industries for some time. The modeling of the physics for the gas filament break-up is not well established, and this impedes scaling of the device to use with fluids other than water and organics where data is available. High speed photographic studies of the gas filament break-up are used to examine the physical phenomena, and support model development for the bubble production that may be used to scale the device to alternate applications, such as bubble production in liquid metals. Bubble break-up models based on energy dissipation generate a power-law, with exponent of α = 8/5, relating Weber number to Reynolds number at the nozzle exit. Those models are compared to empirical models found in the literature providing a link between mechanistic models, scaling arguments, and legacy empirical models.
Reports on the topic "Small Scale Industries Development Organisation"
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Bolton, Laura. Donor Support for the Human Rights of LGBT+. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.100.
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This rapid review synthesises evidence on the bilateral and multilateral donors promoting and protecting the human rights of LGBT+ people on a global scale. It focusses on those donors that have policies, implementation plans and programmes on LGBT+ rights. This review also examines the evidence on the impact of their work. The bilateral donors providing the most support for LGBT+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, +) communities in 2017-18 are the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), UK Department for International Development (DFID), The Netherlands Development Cooperation, Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), and the European Commission (EC). Whilst the multilateral donors providing the most support for LGBT+ are the UN and World Bank. The United Nations (UN) is doing a huge amount of work on LGBT+ rights across the organisation which there was not scope to fully explore in this report. The UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (UNOCHR) in particular is doing a lot on this theme. They publish legal obligation information, call attention to rights abuses through general assembly resolutions. The dialogue with governments, monitor violations and support human rights treaties bodies. The work of the World Bank in this area focuses on inclusion rather than rights. A small number of projects were identified which receive funding from bilateral and multilateral donors. These were AMSHeR, International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA), and Stonewall. This rapid review focused on identifying donor support for LGBT+ rights, therefore, searches were limited to general databases and donor websites, utilising non-academic and donor literature. Much of the information comes directly from websites and these are footnoted throughout the report. Little was identified in the way of impact evaluation within the scope of this report. The majority of projects found through searches were non-governmental and so not the focus of this report.