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Fundanga, Caleb Mailoni. "The role of small scale industries in regional development in Zambia." Konstanz : Hartung-Gorre, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/14876631.html.
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Hamzah, Ab Rahman Bin. "An evaluation of Malaysian rural small-scale industries : 1983-1986." Thesis, Keele University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322166.
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Bockari-Kugbei, Samuel Morie. "The role of small scale enterprises in African seed industries." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270417.
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Arthur, Peter Kow. "Promoting small-scale industries in Ghana, development institutions, culture and politics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ56073.pdf.
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Sartorius, Kurt. "Linking small-scale farmers to agribusiness the economics of contracting /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02122007-171339.
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Ray, Ajit kumar. "An Evolution of credit to small scale industries by nationalised commercial banks : an econometric study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/324.
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Ofei, Kwadwo Ansah. "Self-management and participatory schemes in co-operatives : a comparative study of self-management in industrial co-operatives in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57644/.
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This research study investigates the extent to which participatory schemes determine member participation and control in industrial cooperatives in Ghana. Recent studies on co-operative organizations in developing countries have indicated that the problems of self-management in co-operatives are due to low member participation in decision making and control over the affairs of co-operatives. These studies, coming from mainly sociological and anthropological studies, have further suggested that the low member participation and control in co-operatives are due to the problems in the implementation of the principles and ideals of co-operatives in developing countries. The studies have further argued that principles and ideals of co-operatives are difficult to implement because the are incompatible with the traditional social structures and norms in developing countries. A central argument of this study is that the problems of member participation and control in co-operatives should not be attributed solely to the influences of environmental factors in developing societies. The study points out that the degree of member participation and control in a co-operative will also be related to properties of the participatory schemes in the co-operatives. That is, the structures and processes along which participation takes place. The findings of the research study indicate that fundamental determinants of member participation and control are the structural attributes of participatory schemes in the co-operatives. The findings of the study also suggest that the participatory schemes in the cooperatives are influenced by the organizational conditions in the cooperatives. On the basis these findings, the research has contributed to our knowledge of the organization and the functioning of co-operatives in developing countries. Furthermore, the research has demonstrated the possibilities of the extension of modern organization theory to the study self-help and related self-managed enterprises in developing countries.
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Chipika, Stephen. "Networking and technological learning : small and medium scale manufacturing enterprises in Zimbabwe." Thesis, n.p, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Shahadan, Faridah Binti. "The determinants of technological innovation adoption among Bumiputera small scale food processing industries in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5981/.
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Bumiputera Small scale Food Processing Industry (FPI) need to modernise and adopt technological innovation to stay competitive. This will increase their efficiency, improve productivity and allow for the introduction of new products and services to satisfy existing market demand or expanding market share. By adopting new technology, Bumiputera small scale FPI will not only decrease cost and increase productivity, but they will also be enabled to increase their share in the domestic market and even export their products. The development of FPI is to ensure that Malaysia can produce adequate food and help to provide much needed employment and contribute to national income. Being small scale there are various factors that inhibit or influence Bumiputera small scale FPI ability to adopt a technological innovation. Hence, the main aim of this study is to identify the determinants of technological innovativeness among small-scale Bumiputera entrepreneurs in the food processing industry in Malaysia. The pertinent questions are: Why do some Bumiputera small scale FPI adopt technological innovation while others do not do the Bumiputera small scale FPI have the capabilities to introduce new technology; how does institutional support shape SSIs' response to technology adoption? The theoretical model developed in this study used five main theoretical approaches - adoption decision process, organisational buying behaviour, decision theory of firms, small firms decision process and the personality of entrepreneurs From this model the key factors influencing technology innovation decisions among Bumiputera small scale food processing firms were identified. Based on this model, we can show and quantify the inter-relationship between the various factors influencing technology adoption decisions. The researcher used a survey method to collect information from 197 Bumiputera entrepreneurs in small scale FPI. In the statistical analysis, as a way of solving the problem of multicollinearity among hypothesised factors, based on firms' size, the researcher stratified the respondents into two groups - tiny and small firms. Findings of this study showed that Bumiputera small scale FPI has a greater tendency to adopt an incremental type of innovation. The entrepreneurs' characteristics, communication, their perception of the buying situation, the objective characteristic of the innovation, institutional involvement and their firms' characteristics significantly influenced entrepreneurs in small and tiny firms to innovate. The entrepreneurs' perception of the innovation only influenced the decision to innovate of the entrepreneurs in tiny firms. In tiny and small firms, among the entrepreneurs' characteristics that influence the innovativeness are their personal demographics, personality traits and skill upgrading. Firms' performance and their financing problem are the characteristics of their firms that had significant influence on firms' innovativeness. Firms' age only has significant influence on tiny firms, while firms' size and structure have significant influence on small firms' decision to innovate.
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Sheik, Osman Wan Rozaini. "Using multiview to develop information systems for Malaysian small and medium scale manufacturing industries (SMIs)." Thesis, University of Salford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360442.
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Mkubukeli, Zandisile. "Challenges and prospects for small-scale mining entrepreneurs in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2047.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.Small-scale mining entrepreneurs are confronted with a variety of challenges during both the start-up and growth phase of their businesses not only in South Africa, but all over the world. Most small-scale mining entrepreneurs are not able to take advantage of the opportunities that are available to them. This retards the growth of their businesses. The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges and prospects for small-scale mining entrepreneurs in South Africa, the support structures available to them as well as the factors that could make them successful. The research problem in this study is that the mining sector is biased towards more established companies and against small-scale mining entrepreneurial operations, which marginalises small-scale mining entrepreneurs. Despite being a significant source of revenue for South Africa, the mining sector does not directly benefit the historically disadvantaged people. Notwithstanding government interventions, small-scale mining entrepreneurs face numerous challenges during both the business start-up and growth phase of their businesses with very few prospects of succeeding. This is a qualitative study that uses a series of face-to-face interviews with mining entrepreneurs in South Africa to generate data. Given that small-scale mining entrepreneurs are in most cases part of the informal sector and difficult to locate, a database of small-scale mining entrepreneurs was obtained from Mintek. Initially, 21 small-scale mining entrepreneurs were randomly selected to participate in this study. However, it soon became apparent that ten of them were no longer in business. This meant that the sample was reduced to eleven mining entrepreneurs, located in four provinces: Free State, KZN, Mpumalanga and Limpopo. The findings of this research reveal that small-scale mining entrepreneurs are handicapped by a lack of financial and technical resources, and therefore cannot purchase capital items. It seems that there are good prospects for small-scale mining, particularly in open markets. However, they are unable to exploit these prospects because they lack the necessary finance. Although there are support structures to assist them, they find it difficult to meet the criteria for loans or overdraft facilities from financial institutions. Although these mining entrepreneurs have benefited from the support they have received thus far, they need equipment and commitment to their businesses to remain successful. A series of recommendations are made to guide small-scale mining entrepreneurs already in business, prospective small-scale mining entrepreneurs and other stakeholder’s interested in transforming the industry.
Zandisile Holdings (Pty) Ltd National Research Foundation Mauerberger Foundation
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Migdad, Muhammed Ibrahim Hussain. "Performance analysis of small-scale industries : industrial sector in the Gaza Strip as a part of the New Palestinian Entity." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675487.
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Mutyaba, Job. "An assessment of the potential for using gasification technologies for thermal applications in Uganda’s small-scale agro-industries." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-161912.
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Energy is one of the biggest costs of production in industries and Small scale industries in Uganda are faced with a big burden due to the high energy costs they incur in their operations. Due to the high costs associated with electricity and fossil fuels, biomass energy continues to supply the bulk (81%) of industrial energy demands. However unsustainable harvesting of tradition biomass fuels (firewood and charcoal) is leading to depletion and causing a hike in prices of this important energy source. This study determined current thermal loads for 4 small scale industries, the costs of the fuels used, possible agro waste replacement options and economic comparisons of gasification using these fuel alternatives. Questionnaires, interviews and quantitative measurements of the various parameters were undertaken to establish current fuel usage and costs. Economic and emission reductions analysis were conducted using RETScreen energy planning tool. Results of indicated that the current combustion and heat transfer devices are very inefficient leading to intensive energy demands. Proposed gasifier systems of the range of 30 kW to 100kW fuel power, would cost between US$ 6,156.35 and US$20,371.20. It was further established that installing gasifiers and incorporating agro wastes in the fuel mix (60%) would greatly reduce expenditure on fuels with pay back periods ranging from 0.4 – 3 years. Risk analysis further showed that fuel costs and operations and maintenance would attract the highest risk to the net present value of each proposed gasifier installation. From these results, it was recommended that gasification coupled with use of agro wastes provides viable cheap alternative for small scale industrial thermal energy needs
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Khapayi, Musa. "Agribusiness challenges to effectiveness of contract farming in commercialisation of small-scale vegetable farmers." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13981.
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The spread of contract farming in South Africa in recent years has provoked an ideological debate in literature. Linking small-scale vegetable farmers with lucrative agricultural markets through agribusiness value chains is seen as one of the foremost emerging agricultural practices to develop the subsistence farming sector into a mainstream economic sector – thereby revitalising the rural economy and alleviating poverty levels in the developing rural areas of South Africa. However, the challenges agribusiness and small-scale farmers experience in contract farming engagement and the prospects for enhancing the inclusion of small-scale farmers into modern value chains remain open to debate – two decades after transition to democracy. Yet the factors and mechanisms influencing the effective application of contract farming in the transition to commercial farming by small-scale farmers have not been thoroughly explored in South African research. Despite the efforts and the substantial investments made and the various policies and initiatives instigated to fast-track the linkages of small-scale farmers into high-value markets, the success stories of previously disadvantaged farmers operating in commercial agri-food chains are rare. Given the millions of small-scale farmers in former homelands alone, the negligible number of small-scale farmers successfully operating in commercial agri-food chains shows that the objectives to enable small-scale farmers to improve their livelihoods through participation in commercial agri-food chains have not yet been met. The broad objectives of the study were therefore to investigate the agribusiness challenges inherent in contract farming and the conditions and incentives required by agribusiness firms to engage small-scale vegetable farmers in contract farming programmes. Furthermore, the study examined the role played by the South African government to reduce the high transaction costs incurred by agribusinesses when engaging small-scale farmers in contractual arrangements. The Amathole and Sarah Baartman (formerly Cacadu) district municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were chosen as the composite survey area for this study. A predominantly qualitative research approach was applied to gather data on the phenomena under study. The following methodologies and research instruments and tools were selected. Firstly – as the secondary component of the research – a systematic review of literature to date was conducted to guide the empirical research and primary methodology. Secondly, the empirical component of the study comprised a questionnaire survey, unstructured interviews and focus group discussions. The questionnaire survey was used to collect data from the agribusiness firms in the area surveyed concerning the following aspects: the significant determinants of contract farming, the incentives required by the agribusiness firms to engage small-scale vegetable farmers in their contract farming programmes and the challenges faced by agribusiness firms in their interaction with small-scale farmers in contractual arrangements. Unstructured interviews were used to gather data from officials at each of the three levels of government – the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform nationally, Department of Agriculture and Land Reform provincially and (at local government level) two district municipalities – on the role played by government to reduce the high transaction costs incurred by agri-firms when procuring agricultural raw materials from small-scale vegetable farmers. Focus group discussions were conducted with small-scale farmers regarding their perspective on working with agribusiness firms and to establish the distinguishing characteristics of small-scale farmers in the area surveyed. Relevant policy documents collected from two of the three representative groups of the study population, i.e. agribusiness personnel and government officials, provided the essential context. The study revealed a limited number of contract farming business linkages between small-scale vegetable farmers and agribusiness firms in the survey area. Those that do exist are problematic to both the agribusiness firms and the small-scale farmers. It emerged that the contract farming environment in the area surveyed is highly polarised and characterised by a fundamental conflict of interest between agribusiness and farmer. Among the divergent key factors inhibiting contract farming engagement were a lack in terms of quality seeds, trust, entrepreneurial skills and formal contract agreements. Asset endowment (both land and non-land assets) was found to be significant pre-selection determinants in the farmer’s capacity to be contracted. Access to innovative technology, as well as government incentives such as production inputs, were found to be critical to agribusiness firms to engage smallscale farmers in their contract farming programmes. Government assistance in terms of high transaction costs to agribusiness firms working with large groups of small-scale farmers was found to be essential but inadequate under current policy. This impacts directly on the effectiveness and promotion of contract farming. Furthermore, the current results corroborate the findings of numerous South African studies in the vast body of worldwide research. Firstly, lack of land and non-land assets continue to be major impediments to the direct participa-tion of small-scale farmers in contract farming programmes and, secondly, the transaction and market information costs incurred by agribusiness prevent the participation of less endowed farmers in contract farming programmes. Conducted within the interpretivist paradigm, the explorative research identified wide-ranging challenges in the relationship between agri-business and small-scale farmers which directly impact the effective-ness of contract farming as a development and agrarian reform strategy. Despite their problematic relationship, however, agribusiness and small-scale contract farmers were in agreement that the government needs to expand its support for agri-firms to incentivise greater numbers of small-scale farmers having the opportunity to achieve commercial status through contract farming. The study therefore recommends a collaborative partnership between private firms and government, with state support through revised policies and development programmes. These amendments are crucial to enhancing the engagement of small-scale vegetable farmers in lucrative agri-food chains.
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Nguyen, Toai Phuong. "A trial evaluation of the participatory action oriented training programme in small and medium scale enterprises in Vietnam." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/519/.
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Adverse work environments, occupational sickness and accidents are common problems for many ‘Small and Medium Scale Enterprises’ (SMEs) in different parts of the world. Seeking better ways to improve health and safety in SMEs is a key target for national authorities and international agencies. This study aims to apply and evaluate the effectiveness of an occupational health training method called ‘Participatory Action Oriented Training’ (PAOT); claims have been made that PAOT is an effective technique for improving health and safety at SMEs in developing countries. An intervention study was performed with the assistance of 20 volunteer SMEs from five major industries in Can Tho City, Vietnam, between May 2007 and May 2008, to evaluate the effectiveness of the PAOT programme. The programme was applied in 10 factories and the traditional local health and safety methods were applied to the 10 ‘control’ factories. The research was conducted in two phases (pre-intervention and post-intervention) and consisted of matched cross-sectional studies using managers’ questionnaires (n=69), environmental measurements (personal dust (n=360), static dust (n=360), toxic gases (n=72), noise (n=540), lighting (n=900), air temperature (n=720), air humidity (n=720), air velocity (n=720)). Data were also collected quarterly follow-up visits to record the number of improvements that had been made, and to obtain monthly factory reports on productivity, workers’ income, accidents, sickness absence, health visits, and health costs. There were significant improvements among intervention factories after one year in terms of environment measurements, numbers of improvements, numbers of cases of sickness and accidents, health costs, productivity and workers’ incomes. The findings of the intervention study support the idea that a PAOT programme produces better outcomes in SMEs than a local traditional occupational health programme. The current study was limited, however, in a number of ways, and a fuller examination of PAOT will require a larger study with more environmental measurements taken over a much longer period of time, together with data on sickness absence and accidents that have been independently validated.
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Selvaraj, Ranjith Karthick. "A Study on the Implementation of Green Supply Chain- A Comparative Analysis between Small Scale Industries in India and Developed Nations." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-13275.
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Environmental pollution is the major problem that mankind faces in present state, the major emission of toxic gases is from vehicles and manufacturing industries. The thesis study focuses on three different types of Small Scale Industries (SSI) in India that are bumper manufacturing industry, dyeing industry and food processing industry. The product life cycles of the process for each industry are identified and their final green waste disposal methods are investigated. The industries are identified with more lean wastes within their product life cycle process. The major green wastes from their disposal methods have high influence on environment. These wastes have to be reduced or eliminated by practicing a suitable supply chain. In present the companies doesn’t practice any supply chain in their organization. The implement of supply chain could reduce the environmental pressures and wastes of the companies to some extent. The lean wastes identified in the process could be eliminated by practicing suitable lean tools and methods. The final disposal wastes are considered to be the green wastes. The method of disposal practiced by the SSIs in India shows an evidence of how much they concern towards the environment. The research tries to explain some suitable waste management techniques for the industries and discusses about importance of government role on making this techniques possible. The small scale industries experiences both wastes, so it has to integrate lean for practicing green supply chain, the implementation of lean would pay a way for green supply chain management. As a result of it a comprehensive lean and green model is suggested for the industries because the model is composed of both lean and green waste reduction techniques and it also helps in achieving both lean and green business results.
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Dachi, Mami Simon. "The role of small scale enterprises in reducing poverty and income inequality in Africa : a case study of manufacturing industries in Nigeria." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348753/.
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The aim of this research is to investigate the claim made for small enterprises with specific reference to their ability to reduce poverty and unemployment in the countries of the developing world. According to World Bank estimates, about 1,115 million people in the developing world lived in poverty in 1985. This represented a third of the total population of the developing world, of which 630 million were extremely poor with annual consumption less than US$275. Evidence from Nigeria indicated that during the 1980's consumption plummeted by 7 per cent a year and the standard of living became lower in the mid-1980's than in the 1950's. With few notable exceptions, the overall evidence is that poverty and income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa is severe and has seriously limited the ability of the poor to have access to adequate work, water, clean air, habitable land and sanitation. Since there are no social security and unemployment benefits in the majority of African countries, development experts have been forced to respond to the reality of an ever increasing number of unskilled, unqualified and untrained urban population who enter the labour market and fail to find work. It is argued that reduced investment due to capital scarcity and shifting demand for labour has resulted in higher unemployment and larger numbers of day labourers than long-term employed workers. As a result, the majority of the urban poor and the unemployed have been forced to compete for basically unskilled jobs in order to survive. Since the long-term consequences of the unskilled unemployed people are socially and politically undesirable and must therefore not be ignored, a consensus has been formed within international development establishments in favour of a strategy of development that would result in higher demand for the labour of the urban poor. In response, the World Bank and other development experts have tried to examine the potential for job creation and other benefits from enterprises of different sizes and degrees of capital intensity, and to look for ways to assist financially and by other means manufacturing enterprises. Against this backdrop, it has been argued that small enterprises can create more jobs per unit of capital invested and have more intimate contact with the poor. Based on these arguments developing countries have been encouraged to change their national policies and procedures in favour of the development of small enterprises. Unless the limited supply of investment capital is spread more widely than in the past, it is argued, the vicious circle of poverty will persist. Since most claims made for small enterprises are political and moral and often not based on scientific inquiries, this research sets out to examine whether small enterprises under the forces of free market are more demanding of the labour of the urban poor in the Nigerian circumstance of the 1980's. This is made possible by examining, within a historical framework, the various models of development and the structure of employment and income in Nigeria. A model of development based on small enterprises, the evolution and changing roles of small enterprises in Nigeria arc also examined. This is, however, supplemented by a survey of 96 manufacturing enterprises of different sizes in some cities of Northern Nigeria. The field work which was spread between 1988 and 1990 involved in-depth data collection, observations and questionnaire administration. The findings of this research differ significantly from those offered by sponsored projects, and have therefore policy implications on the existing anti-poverty strategies.
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Boyce, Wendy C. Hills Paul Mazzone Joseph. "Recycling the Onkaparinga Mill : a study arising from the closure of the Onkaparinga Woollen Mill, Lobethal, S.A., and the environmental, political and socio-economic implications of establishing small scale recycling industries on the mill site /." Title page, preface and contents only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envb789.pdf.
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Lilley, Richard. "Implications for the future of fisheries as extractive industries in the creation of sustainable places : a case-study of the sustainable supply chain management of the Lipsi coastal small-scale capture fishery supply chain, Greece." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111708/.
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There exists a lack of information about many of the social, economic and ecological links within coastal Small-Scale Capture Fisheries; such knowledge is pertinent to the future sustainable exploitation and management of marine ecosystems by coastal communities. To conserve natural resources for future generations, sustainable management of natural resources is necessary. Sustainable resource management can help ensure that the use of resources does not cause an imbalance in the environment, and increasingly, sustainable management practices are being encouraged to preserve both animal and plant life for the benefit of future generations. Supply Chain Management is the active management of supply chain activities. It represents a conscious effort by supply chain managers to develop and run supply chains in the most effective way to meet Consumer demand. However,the vast majority of research and practice regarding sustainable supply chains has followed an instrumental logic, which has led firms and supply chain managers to place economic interests ahead of environmental and social interests. Ecologically Dominant Sustainable Supply Chain Management is a planning and decision-making process that seeks to coordinate and balance the social, economic and environmental demands of resource use to achieve long term sustainability. In this thesis, the Sustainable Supply Chain Management of the Lipsi Small-Scale Capture Fishery has been approached from a Sustainable Supply Chain Management perspective. The thesis interrogates the seafood supply chain of ‘place’ (The Municipality of Lipsi) by taking into consideration each ‘stage’ of the seafood supply chain; expressed here as Habitat, Assemblage, Fishery, Market and Consumer. In adopting q novel Conceptual Framework this thesis provides a platform for Small-Scale Capture Fishery research to move beyond ‘Catch to Market’ thinking (that treat’s the ocean as a ‘black box’ or homogenous entity) and helps to articulate the heterogeneous roles that coastal habitats play in provisioning Small-Scale Capture Fishery seafood supply chains. Furthermore, it aims to provide an intuitive and accessible platform for inter-disciplinary discussion, be that between business managers, ecologists, socio-ecological researchers, fisheries managers or local stakeholders.
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Al, Jassism Wael Hassan. "An investigation of the strategic decision making process in SME's." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9172.
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Changes in the environment are a major area of concern to any firm in its strategic decision making process (SDMP). SDMP is considered to be an important component in the success of firms in the strategic management literature. This includes small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the electronic, telecom and information technology (IT) sector which are subjected to frequent and extremely dynamic environments both internally and externally, unlike many other industries. A lack of prior studies supporting an understanding of the SDMP in SMEs is evident, and coupled with the extremely volatile environmental conditions that compound the problem, makes SMES dealing in electronic, telecom and IT products and services highly vulnerable to closure. An immediate investigation into the SDMP in SMEs is needed and long overdue. This research seeks to address this gap in the knowledge. In order to address the gap this research used synoptic formalism and incrementalism to develop an understanding on how SMEs in the electronic, telecom and IT sector make decisions and what is the nature of these decisions. A Strategic Decision Making Process (SDMP) model was developed based on prior research. Decision magnitude of impact acted as the input to the SDMP, rationality and intuition acted as the process component, and decision process output as the output component. Thus these three concepts acted as the three components of a process (input-process-output) configuration. The model facilitated the development of an understanding of the functioning of decision magnitude of impact as a decision characteristic factor, its relationship to SDMP and process dimensions (rationality in decision making and intuition) as an antecedent (and hence as a predictor) of decision output variables (decision process effectiveness), quality of the decision process output through the mediation of decision dimensions. In line with the need to understand the SDMP in SMEs data were collected from managers of a large number of SMEs belonging to electronic, telecom and IT sector. The territory chosen was the Gulf Cooperation Council countries (Kingdom of Bahrain, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates) as this region provides a rich source of such SMEs and the environment is highly dynamic. A self-administered questionnaire was developed by adapting previously validated questionnaire scales. Pre-testing and pilot surveys were used to ensure that the contents, format and scales were appropriate. A range of decision makers in those SMEs were targeted. 464 valid questionnaires were returned, representing a response rate of over 50%. The data was coded and analysed using SPSS/AMOS, two widely used statistical software tools. The data analysis steps included reliability and validity testing (Cronbach’s alpha and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, respectively). The entire model was tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Using SEM it was possible to identify the model, test the parsimonious nature of the model, determine whether the identified model makes theoretical sense and examine the fitness of the model to the data. The predictability of decision process output by decision magnitude of impact was analysed using path analysis as part of the SEM. The research outcome showed that in the electronic, telecommunication and information technology sector, where the environment is dynamic, decision magnitude as an important independent variable influences rationality in decision making directly and decision effectiveness, quality of decision process output and firm commitment indirectly. Rationality in decision making was found act as an important medicating variable in the strategic decision making process. In the same vein it was found that intuition is not affected by decision magnitude of impact. Further, dynamism in the industry and firm performance were also seen to influence decision effectiveness, quality of decision process output and firm commitment although the influence of dynamism in the industry on firm commitment was found to be very low. Thus the main contribution of this research is the development of an understanding of the relationship between decision magnitude of impact as input to the SDMP and hence as predictor of decision process output and the SDMP process output. Furthermore, the research has advanced current knowledge on the influence of rationality in decision making and intuition as mediators between decision magnitude of impact and decision process output variables. These two aspects have been tested in an SME sector that is affected seriously by dynamism in the industry and with varying firm performance as a contextual feature. The comprehensive research outcome can be of benefit to the SMEs in the electronic, telecom and IT sector and support them in overcoming potential vulnerabilities by making strategic decisions whose magnitude of impact on the firms is high and a decision process that is rational. In addition from the point of view of methodology this research has used SEM in understanding the nature and functioning of the model as well as the operationalisation of the variables. The outcome of this research is expected to benefit the SMEs in the electronic, telecom and IT sector in their SDMP and has opened up a new area of research for other researchers and academics.
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Engelbrecht, Emma. "Investigating the feasibility of small-scale broiler farming." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6701.
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Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Small-scale farmers have the opportunity to gain access to markets through a contract farming arrangement. The key question is whether it is financially feasible for a small-scale farmer to enter into a contract. The objectives of this study were to develop a model that could be used to determine the financial feasibility of small-scale contract broiler farming in an intensive production system, compare three different genotypes namely: Cobb500 males X Hybro G females, Ross 308 males X Potchefstroom Koekoek females (crossbred) and the purebred Potchefstroom Koekoek, and evaluate current smallscale farmers’ broiler production by means of a case study. Financial performance indicators such as the net present value, cash flow and profit and loss statements were used to analyze the feasibility of all the scenarios. The model was built in Microsoft Excel. Five hundred, 1500 and 2500 birds/cycle scale of production were analyzed. Results revealed that based on the capital costs used, a 500 birds/cycle scale of production was uneconomical and that a farmer would have to receive R25.01/kg broiler meat in order to break even. The 1500 scale of production showed much better results. A farmer could break even at R17.51/kg meat. The capital investment cost of the 2500 scale of production was so high that the farmer would have had to sell his broiler meat for R18.54/kg. Performance traits of genotypes were collected through an experiment and data was statistically analyzed using ‘Statistica 9’. Results showed that there were significant differences between the cumulative feed intake, feed conversion ratios and the European production efficiency ratio of the different genotypes. No significant difference was found in the liveability of the genotypes. Data on performance traits was used as input into the model so that the economic feasibility of the genotypes could be compared. Results showed that a purebred Potchefstroom Koekoek genotype was not suitable for an intensive production system and that the crossbreed did not perform as well as the broiler breed, but that it would be worthwhile investigating the performance traits of the cross breed under less optimal conditions or in a free-range system. The lower capital costs necessary for a freerange system, together with the high premium paid for free-range broiler meat, may give admirable results in the economic feasibility of a small-scale broiler farm.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kleinboere het die geleentheid om deur kontrak boerdery toegang tot markte te verkry. Die vraag is egter of dit finansieël haalbaar is vir 'n kleinboer om kontraktueel verbind te word? Die doelwitte van die studie was om: ‘n model te ontwikkel wat gebruik kan word om die finansiële lewensvatbaarheid van' n klein-skaalse braaikuikenboer te bepaal onder 'n intensiewe produksiestelsel; verskillende genotipes naamlik: Cobb500 hane X Hybro G henne, Ross 308 hane X Potchefstroom Koekoek henne (kruising) en die suiwer Potchefstroom Koekoek te evalueer en die die huidige klein-skaal boer se braaikuikenproduksie deur middel van 'n gevallestudie te evalueer. Finansiële prestasie aanwysers soos die netto huidige waarde, kontantvloei, asook wins en verlies state was gebruik om die haalbaarheid van die verskeie gevalle te analiseer. Die model is op Microsoft Excel gebou. ‘n Produksie skaal van 500, 1500 en 2500 kuikens/siklus is ontleed. Resultate het getoon dat, gebaseer op die kapitale koste wat gebruik is, 'n produksie skaal van 500 kuikens/siklus onekonomies is en dat ʼn boer R25.01/kg sal moet ontvang om gelyk te breek. Die produksie skaal van 1500 kuikens/siklus het beter resultate getoon. 'n Boer kan gelyk breek teen R17.51/kg vleis. Die kapitale beleggingskoste van die produksie skaal van 2500 kuikens/siklus was so hoog dat die boer R18.54/kg sou moes ontvang het om gelyk te breek. Prestasie van genotipes is ingesamel deur middel van 'n eksperiment en data is statisties ontleed met behulp van Statistica 9. Resultate het getoon dat daar hoogs beduidende verskille tussen die kumulatiewe voerinname, voeromsetsverhoudings en Europese produksie effektiwiteits verhouding van die verskillende genotipes is. Geen beduidende verskil is gevind in die leefbaarheid van die genotipes nie. Inligting oor die prestasie eienskappe is gebruik as insette tot die model sodat die ekonomiese haalbaarheid van die genotipes vergelyk kon word. Resultate het getoon dat 'n suiwer Potchefstroom Koekoek genotipe nie geskik is vir 'n intensiewe produksie stelsel nie en dat die kruising nie so goed soos die braaikuiken gevaar het nie, maar dat dit die moeite werd sal wees om ondersoek in te stel na die produksie potensiaal van die kruis kuiken in minder optimale toestande, soos ‘n vryloop stelsel. Die laer kapitale koste en die hoë premie wat betaal word vir vryloop braaikuikenvleis mag geloofwaardige resultate op die ekonomiese haalbaarheid van 'n kleinskaalse braaikuikenboer toon.
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Timar, Szuszy Art College of Fine Arts UNSW. ""Low life" small objects to sit upon: a studio investigation into a rational use of materials for small scale domestic objects." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Art, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40670.
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The project undertaken was aimed at extending a current craft based jewellery practice. Related by structure and materiality, the research sought to develop exploratory shapes as low seating objects to exist within small scale living spaces and studio apartments. Signaling an increased conscious way of thinking and working, a reflective process examining each form as series, provided an incremental creative strategy. The availability of discarded materials suggested possibilities for a sustainable cost effective option as a mode of contemporary practice. This combined approach was considered impact negative, diffusing global waste, and impact positive providing valid alternatives through functional and aesthetic objects. At present waste materials exist as products are still designed and made on the basis of planned obsolescence, thus an exploitation and escalation of global resources and resultant hazardous outcomes continues. Citing selected writings by Victor Papanek, (1992), and Edwin Datschefski, (2006) provided an understanding of the misuse high impact advanced technologies imposes on the environment. These notions were discussed during the project and in relation to contemporary models of practice which currently use discarded materials to make objects for living. Based on a survey observing the local homewares and furniture industries within Sydney, Australia, and recent published material, a niche market was discovered for challenging conventions of low seating objects. Initial sketches were transformed into marquettes then developed into full size prototypes of multi functional forms. a series of forms were scaled up, made of discarded materials using simple hand crafted processes and minimal production methods. As a reference influences included architects, sculptors and craft practitioners who were examined particularly for their use of discarded materials or for their construction methods. During experimental studies visual source material drew upon an observation and analysis of architecture, skeletal structures and land formations. In an exhibition originally titled, "Be Seated", these forms made as initial prototypes were exhibited at Kudos Gallery, Sydney, Australia, during May 2007. They were later refined and renamed as "Low Life" for a group exhibition "Contained" held at Kudos Gallery during 2008.
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MARCON, ALESSANDRA. "Déconstruire les paradigmes des territoires productifs contemporains. L'urbanisme de la petite industrie et l'agriculture paysanne dans les cas du Bocage vendéen et du Val-de-Marne." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/319228.
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Le attuali trasformazioni del sistema produttivo mondiale implicano delle importanti modifiche del territorio che riportano il tema della produzione al centro degli studi urbani contemporanei. Inscritte in un processo di riterritorializzazione, queste trasformazioni danno vita ad una diversità di tensioni, conflitti e immaginari che destabilizzano alcuni paradigmi e gerarchie spaziali, come il dualismo urbano-rurale, su cui si è costruita la società occidentale e con essa gran parte della sua cultura urbana. L'ipotesi che sta alla base della tesi è che, a partire dall'osservazione e la descrizione situata dei territori produttivi contemporanei, emergano tensioni, conflitti e immaginari rinnovati, dai quali sarebbe possibile decostruire il paradigma urbano-rurale e formulare alcune lezioni utili al rinnovo della cultura urbanistica. La tesi indaga i territori agro-industriali e gli spazi della piccola produzione industriale e agricola in due diverse forme di territori abitati europei: quello disperso e ibrido del Bocage vendéen e quello compatto e denso del Val de Marne. La tesi tenta di decostruire tre paradigmi che descrivono questi territori e da cui si possono trarre delle lezioni: il paradigma dello sviluppo locale, quello del produttivismo e quello della transizione. A partire da questi insegnamenti, la tesi si conclude sulla formulazione di quattro scenari futuri del Bocage vendéen.The current transformations of the global production system is leading to territorial changes that are bringing the theme of production back to the core of contemporary urban studies. Inscribed in a process of reterritorialization, these transformations give rise to a plurality of tensions, conflicts and imaginaries that call into question certain paradigms and spatial binomials, such as the urban-rural one, on which the Western society - and with it much of its urban culture - has been built. The main hypothesis is that the tensions, conflicts and renewed imaginaries arising from the observation and situated description of contemporary productive territories make it possible to deconstruct the urban-rural paradigm and formulate useful lessons for the renewal of urban culture. The agro-industrial territories and the spaces of small-scale industry and agriculture are studied in two different forms of European inhabited territories, that is the dispersed and hybrid Vendée Bocage and the compact and dense Val-de-Marne. This thesis attempts to deconstruct three paradigms that describe these territories and from which lessons can be drawn. They are the local development paradigm, the productivism paradigm and the transition paradigm. Based on these lessons, the thesis concludes with the formulation of four future scenarios for the Vendée Bocage.
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Van, Breda Phelia. "A methodology to evaluate the contribution of small-scale farms to the vision of regulating authorities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86416.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa's system of socio-economic development planning is complex and ine ective. There are many regulatory authorities involved, often with unclear responsibilities and inadequate procedures of implementing objectives. Planning for development in South Africa needs to take various factors into account. Economic growth is pursued, while social imbalances are addressed and the environment is protected against unreasonable damage. The term Sustainable Development is an important concept in the vision of many of the regulating authorities, however, the implementation of sustainability is di cult. This study considers an approach which aligns activities in a specifi ed region to the vision and objectives of the applicable regulatory authorities, as an alternative to achieving objectives strictly through enforcing regulations. This thesis developed an integrated evaluation model which can be used to evaluate the alignment of a small-scale farm to the visions and objectives of certain regulatory authorities. Four small-scale farms in the Letaba catchment of the Limpopo Province were used as a case study to be evaluated against national and regional development visions. On a national level the National Development Plan (NDP), the National Framework for Sustainable Development (NFSD), the Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Strategy (ISRDS) and the principles of Water Allocation Reform (WAR) were regarded. For regional categorisation, the relevant municipal Integrated Development Plan (IDP), Spatial Development Framework (SDF), Local Economic Development (LED) plan and the applicable Catchment Management Strategy (CMS) were considered. The Letaba catchment area has speci c development constraints regarding water. For this reason, the impact the four farms have on the water of the region was evaluated in addition to their alignment with regional development visions. The hydrological evaluations were performed through the use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Hereby it was determined whether objectives of development planning were realistic in terms of water availability. It was established that the location of a farm is a determining factor of the impact it has on the catchment area's water supply. The developed Integrated Evaluation Model combined all the visions and objectives of the mentioned strategic documents to speci cally assess the contribution a small-scale farm makes. The evaluation results provide insight into the alignment of activities to the ideals of a region and can be useful when formulating actions to reach a common vision. Small-scale farms are well-aligned to the objectives of WAR, the CMS and ISRDS. The farms have a limited contribution to the ideals of the NDP and NFSD and results against the IDP, the SDF and the LED di er considerably for each farm. Furthermore, the results of the farms' alignment with regional objectives do not correspond to the hydrologically ideal locations. Therefore, the development of small-scale farming should take hydrological information into consideration. The Integrated Evaluation Model proves to be valuable, understandable and applicable to evaluate the alignment of small-scale farms to the visions of regulatory authorities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika se sisteem van beplanning vir sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling is ingewikkeld en one ektief. Daar is verskillende regulatoriese owerhede betrokke wat maklik aanleiding gee tot onsekerheid ten opsigte van verantwoordelikhede asook tot onvoldoende benaderings tot implementering. Om ontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika suksesvol te laat geskied, moet verskeie faktore inaggeneem word. Behalwe vir die strewe na ekonomiese groei, moet sosiale agterstande gelyktydig aangespreek word en moet hierdie ontwikkeling van so 'n aard wees dat die omgewing nie onnodige skade lei nie. Volhoubaarheid is 'n gemeenskaplike ideaal van die meeste partye betrokke by die beplanning van Suid-Afrika se ontwikkeling. Die implementering van hierdie oogmerk is egter onduidelik. Hierdie studie oorweeg 'n benadering wat alle handelinge in 'n bepaalde gebied in ooreenstemming bring met die visie en doelwitte van die toepaslike regulatoriese owerhede. Hierdie benadering word as 'n alternatief gestel teenoor 'n benadering om doelwitte slegs deur regulasies te bereik. Hierdie tesis het 'n Geïntegreerde Evalueringsmodel ontwikkel wat die mate waartoe 'n klein plaas 'n bydrae maak tot die visie en doelwitte van regulatoriese owerhede meet. Vier kleinskaalse boerderye in die Letaba Opvangsgebied in Limpopo was ondersoek as 'n gevallestudie. Hierdie plase is geëvalueer teen nasionale- en streeksontwikkelingsvisies. Op 'n nasionale vlak is die Nasionale Ontwikkelings Plan (NOP), die Nasionale Raamwerk vir Volhoubare Ontwikkeling (NRVO), die Geïntegreerde Volhoubare Landelike Ontwikkelings Strategie (GVLOS) en die waardes van die Water Toekenning Hervorming (WTH) beskou. Ten opsigte van streeksontwikkeling, is die betrokke munisipale Geïntegreerde Ontwikkelings Plan (GOP), die Ruimtelike Ontwikkelings Raamwerk (ROR), Plaaslike Ekonomiese Ontwikkeling (PEO) plan en die gepaste Opvangsgebied Bestuurs Plan (OBP) inaggeneem. Water is 'n beperkende faktor tot ontwikkeling in die Letaba opvangsgebied. Omrede, word die vier plase se impak op die watertoestand van die gebied bepaal, sowel as die bydrae tot die visie van die regulatoriese owerhede. 'n Opstelling van die studie-area is gemaak met die Soil and Water Assessment Tool ten einde hidrologiese a eidings te maak. Hierdeur is bepaal of die visies en doelwitte soos gestel deur die beplanningsdokumente vir ontwikkeling, realisties is ten opsigte van die waterbeskikbaarheid. Die studie het bevestig dat die ligging van 'n plaas 'n bepalende faktor is tot die plaas se uitwerking op die gebied se water. Die ontwikkelde Geïntegreerde Evalueringsmodel kombineer die visies en doelwitte van die bogenoemde strategiese dokumente om die bydrae van 'n klein plaas te meet. Die evalueringsresultate verskaf insigte rondom die ooreenstemming van plase teenoor die visie van 'n streek en kan nuttig gepas kom wanneer spesi eke aksies beplan word om 'n gemeenskaplike doelwit te bereik. Kleinskaalse boerdery is in lyn met die doelwitte soos bepaal deur die OBP, GVLOS en WTH. Die bydrae wat die plase ten opsigte van die NOP en NRVO se ideale maak is egter beperk. Verder verskil die resultate grootliks vir elke plaas ten opsigte van die bydrae gelewer tot die visies van die GOP, ROR en PEO. Gewensde resultate ten opsigte van bydrae tot ontwikkelingsvisies het nie ooreengestem met die liggings wat aanbeveel is deur die hidrologiese studie nie. Dus moet hidrologiese inligting inaggeneem word tydens besluitneming vir die ontwikkeling van kleinskaalse boerdery. Die Geïntegreerde Evalueringsmodel bied waarde, is toeganklik en is toepaslik om kleinskaalse boerdery te meet tenoor die visies van regulatoriese owerhede.
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Peris, Pérez Bernardo. "Thermo-economic assessment of small-scale organic Rankine cycle for low-grade industrial waste heat recovery based on an experimental application." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456991.
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This thesis focuses on the use of small-scale Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) to produce electricity from low-grade waste heat recovery of industrial processes. In particular, a thermo-economic (combination of thermodynamic and economic) optimization is conducted to achieve more cost-effective systems and, thus, to contribute to the ORC adoption in practical applications. As a novelty, this investigation is based on an experimental application case, which allows developing a comprehensive model of the system and its subsequent validation from actual data. Thereby, more realistic results are reached, which underline the most relevant topics to pay attention to improve the economic feasibility of new projects.Esta tesis se centra en el uso de sistemas de pequeña escala basados en el ciclo Rankine orgánico (ORC por las siglas en ingles) para la producción de electricidad a partir de la recuperación de calor residual de baja temperatura en procesos industriales. En concreto, se lleva a cabo una optimización termoeconómica (combinación entre termodinámica y económica) como método para mejorar la rentabilidad de los proyectos y, de esta forma, favorecer el uso de los sistemas ORC en aplicaciones prácticas. Como novedad, la investigación se lleva a cabo en torno a un caso experimental de aplicación, lo que permite desarrollar un modelo íntegro del sistema y posteriormente validarlo con datos reales. De este modo, se alcanzan resultados más realistas que ponen de relieve los aspectos clave para mejorar la viabilidad económica de nuevos proyectos.
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Yang, Lynn I.-Shen. "Small and medium scale industrial boilers in China : factors contributing to efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions, and strategies to combat global warming." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42683.
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Johansson, Erica, and Anne Dennisson. "Småskalig eller industriell tvätt och hantering av sängkläder inom hotellbranschen : En jämförelse i miljöbelastning." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14689.
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Hotellbranschen är en konstant växande verksamhet och med fler sängar att bädda tillkommer fler lakan att tvätta. Idag kan hotell välja att använda sig utav externa tvätterier som hämtar upp, tvättar och levererar rena sängkläder men kan även välja att själv tvätta sängkläderna lokalt på hotellet. Två olika tvätthanteringssystem som innebär skillnad i både tvätt- och torkprocesserna, något som i sin tur leder till att materialet samt miljön påverkas annorlunda. I en tid då hållbarhet är en prioriterad fråga miljöanpassar många sin verksamhet och för att öka medvetenheten kring det val om hur sängkläder på ett hotell hanteras mest miljöeffektivt, tar denna rapport upp skillnaderna i miljöbelastning då man tvättar industriellt kontra småskaligt. Miljöbelastningen presenteras som koldioxidutsläpp, vatten- och kemikalieförbrukning samt genom skillnader på vävars förslitning inom de olika processerna. Den vanligaste väven för hotellsängkläder inom tvättservice är polycotton medan sängkläder av bomull är mer vanligt vid småskalig tvätt. Testerna utförs därför på en polycottonväv, två olika bomullsvävar samt en väv av både bomull och lyocell för att få ett så brett resultat som möjligt och utforska vad som fungerar. Materialen genomgår 50 tvättar vid industritvätt och 50 tvättar inom en småskalig tvätt för att sedan testa hur de påverkats från otvättat material i cykler om 25 tvättar. Resultaten indikerar på att det finns tydliga skillnader mellan de olika tvätthanteringarna både i hur de påverkar materialen samt ur miljösynpunkt. Då industriell tvätt under en längre period aktivt jobbat mot en mera hållbar affärsmodell och därmed effektiviserat tvättprocessen har det lett till minskad miljöbelastning inom de presenterade faktorerna. Vid leverans till och från tvätteriet är det dock idag fortfarande vanligt att lastbilar används, transportsträckan till hotellet i fråga blir därmed avgörande vid viktning av total miljöbelastning. Det framkommer att sängkläder av polycotton kan ha en likvärdig livslängd som bomull trots sin överlägset höga fysiska slitstyrka på grund av materialets tendens till noppbildning. Hotellbranschen har höga visuella krav på sina textilier och kan därför komma att kassera en vara av polycotton innan det är fysiskt utslitet.The hotel industry is a constantly expanding business and with several beds to make, more sheets needs to be washed. Today, hotels can choose to use external laundry service that pick up, wash and supply bedding back to the customer. However you can also choose to wash your own bed linen at the hotel. The two different laundry management systems involve differences in both the laundry and the drying processes, which in turn affects the material and environment differently. In a time when sustainability is a prioritized question, people adapt their business to become more eco-friendly. To raise awareness about how bedding in a hotel most efficiently is managed, this report presents and clarifies the differences between industrial versus small scale laundry. The environmental impact is presented as carbon dioxide emissions, water and chemical consumption and how the woven materials handle the different processes. The most common fabric for hotel bedding in the textile service sector is polycotton, while cotton fabric is more common in small-scale laundry. The fabric of test-specimens is chosen to present the widest possible results within a lifelike perspective. Therefore, bedding made of polycotton, a mix between cotton and lyocell and two different cotton fabrics are picked for the tests. The materials undergo 25 and 50 wash cycles for industrial and small-scale laundry before the materials is tested to show how they were affected compared to unwashed fabric. The results indicate that there are distinct differences between the different laundry managements, both in terms of how they affect the material and from an environmental point of view. Since industrial laundry for a long period of time actively has worked towards a more sustainable business model and thus streamlined the washing process, it has resulted in major environmental benefits. However, in the case of delivery to and from the laundry facility, it is still common for trucks to be used. The transport distance to and from the hotel in question therefore becomes crucial when making the choice of the most suitable laundry management.
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Elgazali, Abdelkarem Abdullah Saad. "Evaluation of occupational and environmental exposure to mercury among dental amalgam and chlor-alkali workers in Pakistan and among small-scale gold miners in Cambodia, Burkina Faso, Chile and Sudan." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=210228.
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Mercury is a well-known toxic element which can be taken up into the human body in different forms, causing particular harm to the nervous system. Despite this fact, it is still used widely in industrial processes, with chlor-alkali electrolysis one of the most extensive pollution sources of mercury. Though most industries today use mercury-free processes, some chlor-alkali factories still use the mercury process, especially in less developed countries. In addition, small-scale gold mining activity remains the largest global mercury consumer and continues to increase the use of mercury given the upward trend in the price of gold. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of mercury exposure to workers in chlor-alkali factories and a dental hospital in Pakistan. In addition, it is to investigate the level of mercury exposure to miners in small-scale gold mining areas (AGM) in Cambodia, Burkina Faso and Chile. Both investigations were undertaken within the United Nations Environment Programme (management of mercury waste). Within this study, the investigation of mercury exposure to miners was conducted in four small-scale gold mining areas in Sudan. A simple analytical digestion and extraction method for total mercury (T-Hg) analysis in biological and environmental samples with fast sample preparation procedure using CV-AFS and ICP-MS was developed. In addition, for SSIDMS-GC-ICP-MS analysis, the alkaline microwave assisted extract method and acid leaching assisted extract method for Me-Hg analysis in biological samples (hair samples) were developed. These developed analytical methods were used to evaluate the levels of occupational and environmental exposure in the selected areas with Hg hot spots. For Pakistan, to establish chlor-alkali workers' Hg exposure, hair and nail samples of 23 individuals were investigated for total mercury. Within this cohort, 15 individuals had hair total mercury levels above 100 μg g-1, thus exceeding the WHO regarded "safe limit" of 2 μg g-1 in hair Hg by a factor of 50. Several samples showed hair T-Hg levels above 1000 μg g-1, suggesting extreme exposure to Hg. These levels must be regarded as extremely toxic, assuming that these Hg levels in hair correspond to Hg ingestion. In the process of chlor-alkali electrolysis, volatile mercury compounds are formed, including Hg0 and other volatile mercury compounds. These volatile species can adsorb on surfaces, and it is suggested that besides uptake by inhalation, Hg compounds may be adsorbed on keratinous hair and nail material. The investigation of single hairs with synchrotron techniques showed that most of the mercury is found on the outside of the hair, but certain amounts were also metabolised. Adsorption experiments with Hg0 and HgCl2 were conducted to assess the sorption characteristics of these volatile Hg compounds. The results showed that both mercury species' vapour pressures are related to the adsorption of volatile mercury compounds. HgCl2 has a higher vapour pressure and is about two orders of magnitude higher in adsorption than Hg0, suggesting that the chlor- alkali workers have been exposed to HgCl2 in the chlor-alkali plant. Finally, mercury speciation was performed on the ICL chlor-alkali hair samples which showed that almost all mercury was in inorganic form. The source of Me-Hg in the hair seems to be dietary, as no correlation between inorganic and Me-Hg in the hair could be found. The highest value for Me-Hg is around 5.0 μg g-1, which is in the range of concentration found in communities with a high fish diet. Finally, the high mercury result suggests that the mercury (Hg) in the hair samples from workers in the ICL chlor-alkali is from external adsorption rather than from inhalation and was subsequently incorporated into the hair. Nevertheless, in the second chlor-alkali factory in Pakistan (SCL chlor-alkali factory), the average total mercury concentrations in hair and nails are low and almost at control level. However, in this factory, mercury cell technique was phased out a few years ago. This factory now uses membrane cell instead of mercury cell technology. For the dental hospital sector in Pakistan, inorganic mercury concentrations were 6 times higher than Me-Hg concentration in hair samples i.e. Me-Hg and In-Hg in hair accounted for, on average 14.13 % and 85.87 % of T-Hg respectively for these dental workers. However, the high mercury levels in hair could be due to exposure to amalgam. For AGM areas, the T- Hg concentration (μg g-1) in hair samples from AGM miners in Burkina Faso (mean, 3.80 μg g-1) were compared with Cambodian AGM miners and Sudan AGM miners (mean 5.78 and 5.04 μg g-1 respectively). This mean value was significantly lower than that found in the hair of miners in the Cambodia and Sudan AGM areas. This indicates that the AGM miners in these countries are exposed to mercury vapour during the AGM processes. Otherwise, the AGM workers in Cambodia are also exposed to considerable amounts of methylmercury (Me-Hg) through seafood consumption that is a more toxic Hg form. However, the long-term implications for water bodies such as River Nile and Red Sea ecosystems, fish as food and irrigation water use (e.g. for rice paddies) may be disastrous. Therefore, further investigation of Hg analysis in hair and soils should be conducted in these areas to analyse the risk of Hg contamination.
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Steer, Lorn Adam. "Site selection for the Small-Scale Aquaculture Farming Systems in the Western Cape : a GIS application." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1653.
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Brondani, Michel. "AVALIAÇÃO DO CICLO DE VIDA (ACV) DA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOETANOL HIDRATADO EM PEQUENA ESCALA: ABRANGÊNCIA AGRÍCOLA E INDUSTRIAL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7983.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) produces little of the ethanol consumed because of edaphoclimatic conditions that preclude the extensive agricultural production and the consequent construction and operation of large distilleries. However, small-scale distilleries may supply, in part, this ethanol for consumption through production with sugarcane. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Energy Efficiency Analysis were performed to evaluate small-scale ethanol production considering the individual step and the overall analysis. The main results of the LCA were given in terms of environmental impacts and damage according to Eco-Indicator 99 assessment method, and demonstrated that nitrogen- and phosphorus- rich fertilizers along with herbicide and limestone were responsible for major environmental damage during the agricultural step, while the use of equipments and electricity had major impacts in industrial step. The agricultural step showed high energy efficiency (9.98-19.03 - energy in/energy out ratio) while the industrial stage showed energy efficiency of 0.86-0.87 and 0.20-0.21 with and without bagasse energy credits, respectively. In the overall analysis, the industrial step showed higher impacts and damages. Small-scale ethanol production chain presented energy efficiency (2.59-2.92) with bagasse energy credits. Otherwise the process could be energetically inefficient (0.61-0.69). Construction of the small-scale distillery and acquisition/sizing of equipment based on the availability of raw material supply are actions to avoid energy losses and environmental damage. The LCA was also used to evaluate, environmentally, the production of two types of distillation columns (tray type and mixed type) for continuous production of hydrous ethanol to indicate the model less impact on the environment. The results showed that the production of mixed distillation column generates lower contributions of impact to the environment, therefore their choice for installation in small-scale is indicated in terms of mitigating environmental impacts.
O estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) produz pouco do etanol consumido por causa de condições edafoclimáticas que impedem a produção agrícola extensiva e a consequente construção e operação de grandes usinas. No entanto, pequenas destilarias podem fornecer, em parte, este etanol para consumo através da produção a partir de cana-de-açúcar. A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) e a Análise de Eficiência Energética foram realizadas para avaliar a produção de etanol em pequena escala, considerando cada etapa individual e a análise global. Os principais resultados da ACV foram dados em termos de impactos e danos ambientais de acordo com o método de avaliação de impacto Eco-Indicador 99, e demonstrou que o uso de fertilizantes ricos em nitrogênio e fósforo juntamente com o uso de herbicida e calcário foram responsáveis por maior parte dos impactos ambientais na etapa agrícola enquanto o uso de equipamentos e eletricidade tiveram grandes impactos na etapa industrial. A etapa agrícola apresentou alta eficiência energética (9,98-19,03 - razão energia saída/energia entrada), enquanto a fase industrial mostrou eficiência energética de 0,86-0,87 e 0,20-0,21 com e sem créditos de energia do bagaço, respectivamente. Na análise global, a etapa industrial mostrou maiores impactos e danos. A cadeia produtiva de etanol em pequena escala apresentou eficiência energética (2,59-2,92) com créditos de energia do bagaço. Caso contrário, o processo pode ser energeticamente ineficiente (0,61-0,69). A construção da microdestilaria e aquisição/dimensionamento dos equipamentos com base na disponibilidade de matéria-prima de alimentação são ações para evitar perdas de energia e danos ambientais. A ACV também foi usada para avaliar, ambientalmente, a produção de dois tipos de colunas de destilação (tipo pratos ou bandejas e tipo mista) para produção contínua de etanol hidratado visando indicar o modelo de menor impacto sobre o meio ambiente. Os resultados mostraram que a produção de coluna destilação mista gera menores contribuições de impacto ao meio ambiente, por isso, a sua escolha para instalação em uma microdestilaria é indicado em termos de mitigação de impactos ambientais.
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Herrmann-Pillath, Carsten Li Kai Pan Jiancheng. "Developmental Challenges to Small and Medium Scale Industrial Enterprises in the Peoples Republic of China: Results of a 2001 National Sample Survey - Duisburger Papiere zur Ostasienwirtschaft ; 63 (2002)." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2003. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-05062003-084940/.
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The report summarizes the main results of the SME research that has been conducted in the framework of the Sino-German Cooperation Program in Empirical Economic Research, with the ifo Institute, Germany as the core unit to provide methodological support. The program focused on business cycle analysis and structural analysis of SME development in China. The SME survey was based on a representative sample with a two-stage samplib procedure on a national scale (1600 enterprises), and consisted of four special surveys on finance, supply and marketing, human resources and innovation. Main insights are the clear diagnosis of financial repression and discrimination against SME and a very serious lack of technical expertise in Chinese SME.
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Dahlström, Julia. "Avloppsrening från småskalig processindustri." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414710.
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Småskaliga processindustrier är små industrier som genom ett småskaligt, hantverksmässigt eller lokalt förhållningssätt förädlar råvaror genom olika automatiserade processer. Vid förädlingen uppkommer stora mängder processavloppsvatten med stor organisk belastning som måste tas om hand på ett hållbart, resurseffektivt och miljömässigt sätt för att inte skada människa eller miljö. I denna studie undersöktes kvaliteten på processavloppsvatten från småskaliga slakterier, mejerier och bryggerier, samt hur hanteringen av processavloppsvattnet från dessa processindustrier ser ut i Sverige idag. Ytterligare utreddes hur reningstekniker för små avlopp kan användas för rening av processavloppsvatten från småskalig processindustri samt hur marknaden för användande av tekniker för små avlopp för rening av processavloppsvatten ser ut. Studien använde ett flertal metoder, litteraturstudie av småskaliga processindustrier och små avlopp, intervjuer och enkätundersökning av småskaliga slakterier, mejerier och bryggerier, samt intervjuer med tillverkare för tekniker för små avlopp. Resultatet visade att kvaliteten på processavloppsvattnet inte kunde redovisas för majoriteten av processindustrierna från intervjuer och enkätundersökning eftersom kvalitetsanalyser inte alltid verkar ske på processavloppsvattnet, varken före eller efter rening. Litteraturen beskrev vidare att prioriterade parametrar att rena för slakterier, mejerier och bryggerier främst är organiska ämnen (mätt som BOD eller COD), suspenderade ämnen, kväve, fosfor, samt pH. Dessa parametrar varierar mellan de olika typerna av processindustrierna och inom samma typ av processindustri. Variationerna anses utgöra en utmaning att hitta passande reningstekniker som fungerar i alla sammanhang. Angående vilka reningstekniker och avloppslösningar som används av småskaliga processindustrier visade resultatet att en stor andel av processindustrierna har intern rening, och knappt en tredjedel har anslutning till kommunalt avloppsnät. Processindustrier med intern rening vars processavloppsvatten dimensionerades till mindre än 100 personekvivalenter använder till övervägande del tekniker för rening av små avlopp, men andra avloppslösningar såsom gödselbrunn, reningsverk och biogasanläggning förekom även för större avloppsdimensioner. Reningstekniker för små avlopp för rening av processavloppsvatten, samt anpassade tekniker för processavloppsvatten, erbjuds till viss grad på dagens marknad men det finns fortfarande utmaningar för att kunna tillhandahålla lösningar för fler typer av processindustrier. Möjlighet att utjämna avloppsflöden och lösningar med större belastningskapacitet är fortfarande något som behöver utvecklas vidare.Small-scale process industries are small, sometimes locally or artisanal, industries that produces their product through processing raw materials by using automated processes. Large volumes of wastewater effluent are produced by doing this, and this wastewater is characterized by high organic load and nutrients which must be treated in a sustainable way to not be harmful to humans nor the environment. This study evaluated industrial wastewater treatment from small-scale slaughterhouses, dairies and breweries, including wastewater characteristics of these types of process industries in Sweden today. The study also included an evaluation of decentralized wastewater treatment systems for small-scale industrial wastewater treatment and what the Swedish market can provide regarding small-scale industrial wastewater treatments. Different methods were used to reach this goal; a literature study regarding wastewater characteristics and treatment of industrial wastewater and decentralized wastewater treatment systems, interviews, and surveys of Swedish small-scale process industries, and finally interviews with manufacturers of decentralized wastewater treatment systems. The result showed that wastewater characteristics was not accessible from most of the Swedish small-scale process industries. They mostly do not analyze their wastewater neither before nor after wastewater treatment. Furthermore, it was described that highpriority wastewater characteristics for treatment according to the literature was BOD, COD, suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH. Variations of these characteristics is common both between different types of process industries and in the same type of industry. These variations are challenging in regard to finding suitable wastewater treatment techniques that is adequate in every situation. Wastewater treatment systems used today are mostly local at the site, it is around a third that have connection to municipal wastewater facilities. The most common local wastewater treatment for small process industries (less than 100 population equivalents) is decentralized wastewater treatment systems according to the interviews and surveys. Other wastewater treatments such as dung pits, wastewater treatment plants and biogas plants were also used for larger process industries. Decentralized wastewater treatment systems for industrial wastewater treatment and adapted small-scale industrial wastewater treatments can be found to some extent on the Swedish market today, but there are still some challenges to provide small-scale industrial wastewater treatment for every type of process industry. Solutions to level out intense wastewater flows and capacity to receive high effluent loads need to be further developed.
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Larsson, Erik. "Småskalig kraftvärmeproduktion för ett medelstort svenskt industriföretag : Potentialen för konventionell Rankinecykel." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29989.
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Utsläppen av växthusgaser måste minska snabbt under de kommande åren. Sveriges mål är att uppnå nettonollutsläpp till år 2045. Industrisektorn spelar en avgörande roll i omställningsarbetet genom att minska sitt energibehov och fasa ut sin användning av fossila bränslen, teknikutvecklingen måste gå mot mer klimatsmarta och hållbara produkter och produktionsmetoder. Omställningen kommer att kräva ett mer robust och tillförlitligt energisystem där dagens centraliserade system kompletteras med mindre decentraliserade produktionsanläggningar så att effekt- och energibehov kan tillgodoses i alla lägen. Att producera el och värme närmare användaren bidrar till minskade överföringsförluster. Småskalig kraftvärmeproduktion (CHP) baserad på biobränslen eller restvärmeresurser kan vara en del av lösningen för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser. Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att undersöka möjligheten för ett medelstort svenskt industriföretag att producera sitt eget basbehov av värme och el med hjälp av den konventionella Rankinecykeln. Samt att undersöka hur produktionskostnaderna av el och värme förändras beroende på anläggningens storlek. Arbetet har bestått av datainsamling från olika tillverkare av turbiner och pannor, en beräkningsmodell skapades i Excel där anläggningar av olika storlek har jämförts vid olika driftscenarion. Ekonomiska kalkyler har gjorts med hjälp av Pay-off metoden och Nuvärdesmetoden. Resultatet visar att produktionskostnaderna för anläggningar med turbiner i storleksordningen 10 – 100 kWel ligger på en relativt jämn nivå och betydligt lägre än priserna på köpt el och fjärrvärme. Den ekonomiska bedömningen visar generellt på positiva resultat med korta pay-offtider och positiva nuvärden. En jämförelse av anläggningarna visar att elverkningsgraden är låg och att totalverkningsgraden i vissa fall blir lägre än för företagets befintliga värmeleverantör. Detta visar att trots att det ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv kan vara en lönsam investering kan det ur ett systemperspektiv vara ett sämre alternativ då en lägre verkningsgrad leder till en ökad primärenergianvändning. Det är många parametrar som påverkar en CHP-anläggnings prestanda och ekonomiska lönsamhet, men en av de viktigaste är drifttiden. Att ha en kontinuerlig drift under större delen av året har stor påverkan på anläggningens ekonomiska prestanda. Anläggningens låga elverkningsgrad gör också att största besparingen hamnar på värmeproduktionen vilket gör att anläggningen bör dimensioneras så att den ersätter så stor del som möjligt av företagets värmebehov.The emissions of greenhouse gases need to decrease rapidly over the coming decades. Sweden has set the target to achieve net zero emissions by 2045. The industrial sector plays a crucial role in that conversion by reducing its energy needs and to convert from fossil fuels to renewables. This conversion will require a more robust and reliable energy system were todays centralized system has been supplemented by small decentralized production facilities. To produce heat and power closer to the consumers means less transmission losses. Small scale combined heat and power (CHP) production based on biofuels or excess heat could be a solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the possibility for a mid-size Swedish industrial company to produce its own base load of heat and power with a conventional Rankine cycle. Also to evaluate the production costs depending on the size of the plant. The work has consisted of data collection from different manufacturers of steam turbines and steam boilers, a calculation model has been made in Excel to compare different plant sizes and in different operating scenarios. Economical evaluations has been made with the Pay-off method and the net present value method (NPV). The result shows that production costs for facilities with steam turbines in the size range of 10 – 100 kWel is well below the price of bought electricity and district heating. The economical evaluation generally shows on short pay-off times and positive NPV. A comparison of the CHP plants shows that the electric efficiency is low and the total efficiency sometimes can be lower than for the existing heat supplier of the company. This means that a switch to local CHP will have a negative impact from a system perspective, because of the increased use of primary energy resources. There is many parameters that affects the performance of a CHP plant but the most crucial is the operation time. To have a continuous operation over a major part of the year has a great impact on the economic performance. The low electric efficiency means that the major part of the savings gets on the heat production. This means that the CHP plant should be dimensioned to replace primarily the heat requirement.
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Bouty, Adrien. "Influence de la dispersion des charges et de la conformation des chaines sur les propriétés mécaniques de systèmes nanocomposites SBR/Silice." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925836.
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Dans l'industrie du pneumatique, l'incorporation de nanoparticules de silice dans les élastomères permet d'obtenir des pneumatiques avec des propriétés mécaniques améliorées. D'un point de vue fondamental, deux contributions sont communément invoquées pour expliquer ces changements : (i) une contribution du réseau de charges, fortement dépendante de leur état de dispersion, (ii) une contribution des chaines dont la conformation est potentiellement modifiée en présence du réseau de charges. Cependant, les mécanismes permettant de relier cette structure nanométrique aux propriétés macroscopiques du matériau sont encore mal compris. Dans ce contexte, nous avons synthétisé des systèmes SBR/Silice modèles constituant une première approche de systèmes industriels plus complexes. En modifiant les conditions de dispersion au moyen d'agent de greffage, nous avons obtenu des nanocomposites avec des dispersions variées et reproductibles, avec des organisations multi-échelle. Celles-ci ont été caractérisées finement par l'utilisation combinée de la Diffusion de Rayons X aux Petits Angles (DXPA) et de la Microscopie Electronique en Transmission (MET). La conformation des chaines, déterminée expérimentalement par Diffusion de Neutrons aux Petits Angles (DNPA), n'est pas affectée par un effet à longue distance des charges. La caractérisation quantitative de la dispersion a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle prépondérant de la compacité des agrégats de silice et de la densité de leur réseau sur le renforcement dans le régime élastique.
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Chen, Youbin. "Modélisation de la rupture ductile par approche locale : simulation robuste de la déchirure." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM038/document.
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Cette étude a pour objectif principal d’établir une stratégie de modélisation robuste, fiable et performante pour décrire des propagations de fissures d’échelle centimétrique en régime ductile dans des composants industriels. Le modèle d’endommagement de GTN écrit en grandes déformations est utilisé pour modéliser l’endommagement ductile. Ce modèle conduit généralement à une localisation de la déformation, conformément à l’expérience. L’échelle caractéristique de ce phénomène est introduite dans les équations de comportement via l’adoption d’une formulation non locale.Sur le plan numérique, ce modèle non local rend bien compte de la localisation dans une bande d’épaisseur donnée lorsqu’on raffine suffisamment le maillage. Par ailleurs, le problème de verrouillage numérique associé au caractère initialement isochore de la déformation plastique est limité en utilisant une formulation à base d’éléments finis mixtes. Enfin, la distorsion des éléments totalement cassés (i.e. sans rigidité apparente), qui pourrait nuire à la bonne convergence des simulations numériques, est traitée par une régularisation viscoélastique.L’ensemble de ces ingrédients sont appliqués pour simuler la propagation de fissure dans un milieu infini plasticité confinée), de sorte à établir un lien avec les approches globales en J-Δa. L’émoussement, l’amorçage et la (grande) propagation de fissure sont bien prédits. Le modèle est également appliqué à une tuyauterie métallique testée en grandeur réelle dans le cadre du projet européen Atlas+. Après une phase d’identification des paramètres sur éprouvette, les réponses globales et locales d’autres éprouvettes et du tube sont confrontés aux résultats expérimentaux. Ces résultats illustrent le degré de robustesse, de fiabilité et de performance qu’on peut attendre du modèleThe major goal of this work is to establish a robust, reliable and efficient modeling technique so as to describe ductile tearing over a distance of several centimeters in industrial cases. The GTN damage model expressed in the context of finite strains is chosen to model ductile damage. Generally, the model leads to strain localization in agreement with experimental observations. The characteristic length scale of this phenomenon is introduced into the constitutive equations through the use of a nonlocal formulation.On a numerical ground, the nonlocal model controls the width of the localization band as soon as the mesh is sufficiently refined. Besides, the issue of volumetric-locking associated with plastic incompressibility is handled using a mixed finite element formulation. Finally, the distortion of broken elements (i.e. without any stiffness), which may affect the computational convergence of numerical simulations, is treated using a viscoelastic regularization.The improved GTN model is applied to simulate crack propagation under small-scale yielding conditions, so as to establish a relation with the global (J-Δa) approach. Crack tip blunting, crack initiation and (large) crack propagation are well captured. The model is also applied to a full-scale metallic pipe in the framework of the UE project Atlas+. After a phase of parameter calibration based on the experimental results on some small specimens, the global and local responses of other small specimens and of the full-scale pre-cracked pipe are compared with the experimental results. The results illustrates the robustness, the reliability and the efficiency of the current model
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Reddy, Narayana P. "Marketing problems in small scale industries." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4583.
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Singh, Radhey Shyam. "Financing of small scale industries in India." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5299.
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Hossain, Md Amzad. "Financing small scale industries of Bangladesh with special reference to selected small industries in Rajshahi District." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/802.
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Da, Silva Maria. "Small-scale industry in black South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17019.
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An examination of the evolution and development of Black
small-scale manufacturers in the rural and urban areas of
South Africa is presented. Within the context of the broader
literature of small-scale enterprises the focus is on issues
surrounding the developmental potential of small-scale
entrepreneurs. The historical analysis of Black
entrepreneurship in South Africa indicates that external
rather than internal factors constitute the main constraints
to the development of small-scale entrepreneurs.
Discrimination by government emerges as the principal factor
for the continued underdevelopment of Black entrepreneurship
in South Africa.
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Kinvig, Kevin. "An analysis of factors affecting the location of small and medium scale rural enterprises in Thailand." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29303452.html.
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Ansari, Sarfaraz Ahmad. "Working capital management of small scale industries (A comparative study of certain units)." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/6004.
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Chen, Juan-ren, and 陳俊仁. "The Competitive Advantage of the small-scale factory of Fastener Industries in Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3vjndv.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
95
This research thoroughly the way of interview in person, which is mainly doing the survey investigation for Taiwan screw nut industry critical successful factor, competitive advantage and competitive strategy, has been collected 30 surveys. By doing the interview and survey, we realize and tell that business successful main reason, the opportunity of future developing, what needs to be taking care of and emphasized, structure analysis, the importance of competitive strategy in the way of computation factor score matrix. By doing the observation of phenomena and the business analysis we could discuss Taiwan now and past developing of the screw nut industry. Base on the interview in person and asked volume results induces the key successful factor- the industrial cluster settlement network forms, to join in a common effort between a core company and a satellite company,the management surface, the technical surface, the manpower quality, the mass productions and the plan management manufacture superiority, the technical proliferation, thick plants the industrial strength, the product quality authentication, Chinese steel supply lines material quality and the output is stable, the control ability of customer demand. Development turning point for the future will be build the factory at China, low the cost, expend the network business, strengthens the high attachment value product research and development, the foreign investment approach the market, will evade the trade protection, enjoys the tax preferential benefit, obtains the authentication, might get rid of the low price of the emerging national. Continues by way of the industrial structure analysis, the competition strategy analysis obtained result, we knew that the industry in the future in the management, should expend the production ability and the equipment, strengthens the product difference, development the international goal market, technological cooperation and strategic alliance and so on strategies, can cause to hold the original superiority. Finally, this research puts forward 8 proposals based on visit interview process.
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Mitter, Lakshmi. "Technological Innovation And Economic Performance In Small-scale Precision Engineering Industry." Thesis, 2005. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1420.
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Mitter, Lakshmi. "Technological Innovation And Economic Performance In Small-scale Precision Engineering Industry." Thesis, 2005. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1420.
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Singh, Gurinder. "Export potential of small scale industries-A case study of high potential exports items." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/753.
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Inigo, Maria R. "Banks' financing of small scale industries in Tamilnadu with special reference to Sivaganga District." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3194.
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Chhatwal, Ruby Pritipal Singh. "An job training in small scale engineering industries impact on supply of trained workers to large scale engineering industries and possible training schemes of employed workers" with special reference to pimprichinchwad engineering industries." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3567.
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Benadikar, Teema Chandrakant. "Managing software requirements for small sized companies." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3123.
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This thesis considers the requirement engineering process from the small scale industries point of view. It begins with a brief introduction to software requirements and then proceeds to a detailed study of the requirement engineering process. The later part of the thesis considers Business Process Modeling and how it helps in understanding any business in a better way and how conceptual model helps in extracting business requirements from any particular business scenario. The Object Oriented Technique is used for building the conceptual model. The thesis concludes with a case study.text
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Tshabalala, Isaac. "Strategies for stimulating socio-economic growth from small-scale mining operations in Qwaqwa (South Africa)." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8161.
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The socio-economic importance of small-scale mining in a developing country such as
South Africa cannot be overstated. Millions of rural people trapped in abject poverty
and disappointingly high unemployment, where the availability and accessibility to
natural resources like sandstone is at their doorstep should never be allowed to remain
poor and starve if job creation and poverty alleviation take precedence in both local and
national agendas. It is against this backdrop that this pilot case study was initiated, the
primary objective of which was to recommend tailor-made strategies for developing
and stimulating socio-economic growth from small-scale mining operations in
Qwaqwa. In order to do this a literature review was conducted, strategically aiming at
establishing what was already known and in place on the subject through prior research.
The process that ensued entailed designing a systematic blue print on the process of
collecting, analysing and interpreting data about small-scale mining in the area. The
study used multiple sources of evidence in the form of statistical analysis of the
questionnaires, personal interviews, site observations and various documents to indeed
confirm the indispensable nature of small-scale mining in the socio-economic fibre of
rural communities.
In order to stimulate socio-economic growth from small-scale mining, the formation of
cooperatives for structured and coordinated assistance, favourable and encouraging
regulations and policies, innovation, communication and publicity, product and market
development strategies as well as the adoption and nurturing of small-scale mines by
big conglomerates are some of the strategies postulated.Thesis (M.B.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2008.
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Onukogu, Chioma. "Gender employment practices amongst small and medium scale enterprises: A comparitive study of different industries in Gauteng." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1502.
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Student Number: 0304476F
Faculty of Humanities
Maters in ArtsThe study investigated gender employment practices and conditions of work among small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Gauteng Province of South Africa. A comparison of the practices and conditions between productive and service industries is clearly the major focus of the research. Interviews were conducted on two productive and two service industries (all private) situated in Benoni and Johannesburg respectively. The research found that generally, SMEs, in the productive and the service sectors contribute to job creation. Evidence shows that women are going into previously male dominated jobs like electrical and mechanical jobs, but the movement is quite minimal. This is a sign of progress on the part of women and a shift from the traditional belief that certain jobs are exclusively meant for men. The study found a salient discrepancy between the rhetoric of gender equality and the practice of gender equality in all the industries. There are clear signs that the legislation on minimum conditions of employment is followed in the productive industries than in the service industries but both still stick to the traditional gender division of labour.