To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Small Scale Industry.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Small Scale Industry'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Small Scale Industry.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ferrand, David Vaughan. "Discontinuity in development : Kenya's middle-scale manufacturing industry." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4568/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis concerns middle-scale enterprise and economic development, focussing on the case of Kenya. The distribution of industry in Kenya is characterised by an apparent underdevelopment of middle-scale enterprise compared with micro- and large-scale, a feature frequently referred to as the 'missing middle'. A further distinctive feature of Kenya's middle is the relatively strong involvement by entrepreneurs of Asian origin. The immediate objective of this thesis is to produce a better understanding of these phenomena, argued to be highly relevant to Kenya’s wider economic development. To understand the position of the middle in Kenya, a new concept frame is put forward based on a broadly institutional approach drawing on both new and old institutional economics. This frame sees the potential for middle-scale enterprise in terms of the economic and social context, with formal and informal institutions playing a role. The notion of discontinuity is introduced to describe interactions between elements of structure which produce an adverse exchange environment for enterprise. It is argued that Kenya has a generally hostile environment for middle- scale enterprise, characterised by discontinuities and uncertainty. Entrepreneurs from Kenya's Asian communities are able to escape these generic problems by use of informal social institutions, accounting for their relative success. Evidence from cases studies of middle-scale enterprises owned by Kenyans of both Asian and African origin, together with secondary data, broadly supports the argument. There are strong indications of discontinuities between large and middle- scale enterprise and within the formal institutional environment. Asian entrepreneurs are observed to rely heavily on informal social institutions to facilitate exchange. Such an option does not appear open to aspirant African entrepreneurs. Supporting the development of Kenya's middle-scale will necessitate addressing the discontinuities undermining its development. Simple deregulation and market liberalisation will not suffice.
2
Williams, Trevor Lewis. "India's small scale industry policy : an evaluation and a case study." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300861.
Full text
3
Clifford, Martin John. "Environment, health and mercury pollution in the small-scale gold mining industry." Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590120.
Full textAbstract:
The extensive use of mercury, a persistent contaminant, in the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector is a growing environmental issue. Mounting concern over findings which point to the widespread use of mercury to amalgamate gold in ASM having significant environmental and health-related impacts has fuelled the launch of numerous donor-funded and government backed projects aimed at minimising its use. Most have taken the form of educational and technical assistance, implemented specifically to stem emissions from the industry and introduce miners to safer practices. These interventions, however, have had minimal impact. In an attempt to understand why the 'mercury pollution agenda' has yielded so little in the way of improvement, two divergent viewpoints have emerged. The first of these explanations, a view prevalent in donor and regulatory circles, is that miners ignore messages about the dangers of mercury and are reluctant to adopt more environmentally-friendly practices. The second body of opinion contests that approaches taken to educate and provide training on mercury management to communities are flawed, failing to take stock of the successful aspects of previous work and sufficiently eng~e target communities. There is insufficient empirical evidence to support either view, however. A broadened understanding of operators' perceptions toward the environmental impacts of amaJgamation is a necessary first step towards improving the policy context for mercury management in the ASM sector. This thesis helps to bridge this gap, focllsing on the case of Ghana, the location of one of the largest ASM industries in sub-Saharan Africa. It determines levels of awareness and prevaJent attitudes towards mercury use amongst small-scale gold miners, capturing a level of detail not yet undertaken. It also identifies barriers that prevent miners from adopting improved mercury management practices. To address these issues, a mixture of qualitative and quantitative analyses were undertaken: interviews with key institutional stakeholders; individual interviews, group discussions and feedback sessions with miners; and an environmental assessment. This research provided a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of mercury use in Ghana's ASM industry.
4
de, Boer Karne. "Optimised small scale reactor technology, a new approach for the Australian biodiesel industry." Thesis, de Boer, Karne (2010) Optimised small scale reactor technology, a new approach for the Australian biodiesel industry. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/5859/.
Full textAbstract:
With growing concern over peak oil and global warming many are urgently seeking alternatives to petro-diesel to fuel growing economies. Biodiesel, a diesel equivalent derived from vegetable oils and animal fat, is one such alternative. Large scale uptake of biodiesel, however, is limited by the availability of low cost, sustainable feedstocks.
In the context of feedstock limitations in Australia, this thesis examines the complete biodiesel system from feedstock to end consumer via production technology. The result of this investigation was the identification of integrated small scale biodiesel production (less than 5 million L/yr) as an economically viable niche for the Australian biodiesel industry. This is especially the case in remote locations.
To this end, a new production model, based upon small scale operations in regional industry hubs, was presented and validated with a case study in South Western Australia. This production model presents a new approach for the Australian biodiesel industry.
Having established the economic sustainability of the small scale production model, this work lays a foundation for its technical viability by optimising the reactor technology at the heart of biodiesel production. The following two questions are examined in the pursuit of reactor technology optimisation for small scale production:
•What is the most suitable catalyst for small scale production?
•Can an accurate model of the reactor be developed to facilitate optimisation?
The first question necessitated a detailed review of biodiesel production technology. The fruit of this review was the identification of homogeneous catalysed technology as the most suitable method for small scale biodiesel production. The second question required a reactor model that could determine the level of conversion on the basis of reactor temperature and residence time (flow-rate).
Further investigation into the homogeneous catalysed reaction medium suggested a two part model, with the first focusing on flow characteristics to maintain dispersion of the reacting phases, and the second on kinetics to determine conversion. Due to the multiphase nature of the reaction medium, the first part was developed as a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model of the flow through Bluediesel PTY LTD’s tubular reactor in ANSYS CFX. This model drew heavily on literature in the field of oil and water flows and was verified with flow visualization studies of the reactor. The second part of the model was built in MATLAB on the basis of biodiesel kinetic studies and was verified with data from Bluediesel PTY LTD’s plant.
This model was ran at a number of operating conditions and configurations to determine the minimum total cost of a small scale reactor while maintaining suitable levels of conversion. This optimisation work represents the first application of CFD modelling to a biodiesel reactor and can be used as a basis for further work in this area.
5
Müller-Falcke, Dietrich. "Use and impact of information and communication technologies in developing countries' small businesses : evidence from Indian small scale industry /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/340883723.pdf.
Full text
6
Nagle, Marcus [Verfasser]. "Optimizing Small–Scale Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) Drying Industry in Northern Thailand / Marcus Nagle." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1081884681/34.
Full text
7
Ball, Rajiv. "The state and the development of small-scale industry in Ghana since c.1945." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2412/.
Full textAbstract:
Since c.1945, there has been an 'explosion' of small-scale industrial activity in Ghana. This thesis attempts to explain why this has happened. First, developments in small industries during the colonial period are analyzed. Using new sources of data, it is argued that indigenous industries survived this period and were of significant importance by the end of British rule in 1957. Next, changes in the size and sophistication of these industries in the postcolonial period are quantified. It is estimated that, between 1960 and 1984, the number of workers employed in this sector more than doubled. There was also a clear increase in the small industry sector's sophistication. A significant part of the thesis concerns government policy towards small industries since c.1945. Extensive use is made of newly-released archival material, particularly from the Nkrumah years (1951 to 1966). It is argued that, in general, government policies cannot explain Ghana's small industry expansion: although some governments have championed the cause of small industrialists, their small industry development programmes have been relatively small. Also, some government policies actually have prevented small industry growth. Given that the state cannot be accountable for the 'explosion' of small-scale industrial activity, this thesis considers other possible reasons for this phenomenon. This is done by examining previous studies of the small industry sector and using new material from a survey of 40 small-scale industrialists conducted in 1996. It is argued that Ghana's small-scale industrial 'explosion' can be understood as one of the consequences of Ghana's pattern of economic development until the early 1960s, followed by a period of prolonged and rapid economic collapse during the 1970s and early 1980s.
8
Baratta, Cliff. "The Fair Trade Coffee Market: Income Differences for Small-Scale Farmers and Industry Growth." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1979.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Richard McGowanThe Fair Trade movement is not new. Its roots go all the way back to the 1940s, and since its inception many Fair Trade organizations have arisen to offer this alternative strategy for doing business. Coffee is most commonly associated with Fair Trade, and it is the product this paper seeks to explore. In a broad sense, this investigation will look at how close Fair Trade Coffee certification programs actually come to being fair. The working definition of fairness is the ability to provide economic opportunities to marginalized workers. A fair economy would properly reward hard-working farmers for their intense labors. Many Fair Trade initiatives argue this is not what exists. As a result, they pay a living wage and offer opportunities to coffee farmers—some of the poorest people in the world—with hopes that this will help advance them out of poverty. To see if this successfully promotes fairness in economics, this paper will focus on the benefits of certification to small-scale farmers, mainly regarding income, and on the development of the Fair Trade Coffee market. Ultimately, this research will demonstrate that this movement is at least somewhat successful at improving the economic situation of marginalized workers
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
Discipline: Economics
9
Rossouw, Alex. "The marketability of small scale hydroponic systems for the horticultural industry in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2539.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Horticultural Science))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.Hydroponics, i.e. plant cultivation in mineral-rich water is a synergy between plant, human, and machine. For decades the hydroponic garden has been offered on horticultural markets, and was repeatedly innovated to better meet consumer horticultural needs. Currently, platform convergences with electronic control systems can possibly enable more efficient products for direct consumer hydroponic cultivation. This means that, like many appliances in the home; hydroponic plant cultivation can become somewhat automated. Marketing and product innovation can help calibrate optimal New Product Development NPD of hydroponic gardens for people. The literature review grasps how consumers are subjected to a changing environment together with changing technology such as hydroponics, plant nutrition, and even garden automation. Market research frameworks namely Morphological Analysis (MA) and Conjoint Analysis (CA) are the tools deployed here for profiling and prioritising these products for horticultural consumers. Firstly, a qualitative analysis identifies conceptual sets for structures, inputs, and controls, which all harmonise into new intersections cultivation, hydroponics, and automation and the e-garden concepts. The MA next produces, and organises secondary data into constraints for the CA. Here, general hydroponic cultivation is first decomposed into all its many component parts which collectively describe the whole, where these parts are then classed along various attributes namely: garden plane xA, automation xB, performance xC, organics xD, and price xE So garden plane is composed of level and vertical gardens, garden automation is composed of manual and automatic gardens, garden performance is composed of casual and high-performance gardens, garden organics is composed of non-organic and organic gardens, and garden price although quantitative is simply composed of R2500 and R5000. These classes of attributed data can now become treated as categorical factors using indicator or dummy variables. Secondly, the CA determines how these attributes are most preferred by horticultural consumers at garden centre clusters. This involves measuring respondent preferences levels, to compute the part-worth utility for each attribute found in the MA. Factors such as garden organics, price, and automation hold adjusted alpha significance. Mainly, garden organics contributed to response effects, while price has negative slope and is second, while automation comes third. A combination of garden automation and organics is found to optimise consumer utility for Hydroponic Garden(s) HG.This research illuminates how horticultural consumers may prefer various HG, by understanding HG and how they can better benefit these people.
10
MARCON, ALESSANDRA. "Déconstruire les paradigmes des territoires productifs contemporains. L'urbanisme de la petite industrie et l'agriculture paysanne dans les cas du Bocage vendéen et du Val-de-Marne." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/319228.
Full textAbstract:
Le attuali trasformazioni del sistema produttivo mondiale implicano delle importanti modifiche del territorio che riportano il tema della produzione al centro degli studi urbani contemporanei. Inscritte in un processo di riterritorializzazione, queste trasformazioni danno vita ad una diversità di tensioni, conflitti e immaginari che destabilizzano alcuni paradigmi e gerarchie spaziali, come il dualismo urbano-rurale, su cui si è costruita la società occidentale e con essa gran parte della sua cultura urbana. L'ipotesi che sta alla base della tesi è che, a partire dall'osservazione e la descrizione situata dei territori produttivi contemporanei, emergano tensioni, conflitti e immaginari rinnovati, dai quali sarebbe possibile decostruire il paradigma urbano-rurale e formulare alcune lezioni utili al rinnovo della cultura urbanistica. La tesi indaga i territori agro-industriali e gli spazi della piccola produzione industriale e agricola in due diverse forme di territori abitati europei: quello disperso e ibrido del Bocage vendéen e quello compatto e denso del Val de Marne. La tesi tenta di decostruire tre paradigmi che descrivono questi territori e da cui si possono trarre delle lezioni: il paradigma dello sviluppo locale, quello del produttivismo e quello della transizione. A partire da questi insegnamenti, la tesi si conclude sulla formulazione di quattro scenari futuri del Bocage vendéen.The current transformations of the global production system is leading to territorial changes that are bringing the theme of production back to the core of contemporary urban studies. Inscribed in a process of reterritorialization, these transformations give rise to a plurality of tensions, conflicts and imaginaries that call into question certain paradigms and spatial binomials, such as the urban-rural one, on which the Western society - and with it much of its urban culture - has been built. The main hypothesis is that the tensions, conflicts and renewed imaginaries arising from the observation and situated description of contemporary productive territories make it possible to deconstruct the urban-rural paradigm and formulate useful lessons for the renewal of urban culture. The agro-industrial territories and the spaces of small-scale industry and agriculture are studied in two different forms of European inhabited territories, that is the dispersed and hybrid Vendée Bocage and the compact and dense Val-de-Marne. This thesis attempts to deconstruct three paradigms that describe these territories and from which lessons can be drawn. They are the local development paradigm, the productivism paradigm and the transition paradigm. Based on these lessons, the thesis concludes with the formulation of four future scenarios for the Vendée Bocage.
11
Vasquez-León, Marcela. "Environmental adaptation, political coercion, and illegal behavior: Small-scale fishing in the Gulf of California." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187441.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the shrimp industry in the Gulf of California from a political ecology perspective. The interaction between fishermen and their marine environment is explored, as well as the historical factors that led to vastly different types of fishermen in the communities of Guaymas and Empalme. Some have specialized in the harvesting of shrimp; others are diversified, multiple species fishermen. Some are highly industrialized offshore shrimpers; others are small-scale fishermen, more modest in their technology but more resilient when facing the current crisis in the shrimp industry. The underlaying causes of this crisis are explored by looking at state development policies, the assumptions behind fisheries management, and the configuration of markets. These have all emphasized specialization in the production of shrimp while ignoring the high interannual variability characteristic of shrimp populations. The end result: an overcapitalized, overexpanded industry and a possible overexploitation of shrimp stocks. Rather than addressing the root causes of the crisis, recent policies have instead transferred rights to the offshore fishery from cooperatives to private investors. At the same time there has been a concerted attack against small-scale producers. It is believed that by getting rid of this sector, catch per boat in the offshore sector will increase and overall "efficiency" will be improved. I compare industrialized trawlers and the small-scale sector and argue that the latter is currently producing high quality shrimp at lower monetary and ecological costs. But small-scale fishing is not equated with sustainability. Instead, differences among small-scale fishermen are analyzed. I contend that those who belong to traditional fishing families and have access to collective knowledge about the marine environment that has accumulated through generations, are better able to deal with a highly unpredictable environment and minimize risk. Those who do not have access to this knowledge have specialized in the harvesting of shrimp. I argue that a strategy of diversification is both more profitable in the short-term and sustainable in the long-run. Avoidance strategies among small-scale fishermen in response to externally imposed regulations are also examined. Fishermen are analyzed as individual profit maximizers and as community members who break the rules to serve collective interests. Just as individuals act collectively to deal with an unpredictable environment, they also act collectively to effectively challenge the institutions of rule-making.
12
Munyai, Keneilwe. "Small-scale sustainable vegetable-tanned leather in rural South Africa: a collective-efficiency approach." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1338.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree:
Doctor of Technology: DESIGN
In the Faculty of Informatics and Design
At the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyCurrently, the South African leather tanning industry is dominated by chromium tanning which has been identified as highly polluting. Vegetable tanning is considered less environmentally hazardous. Yet, there have been no plans to promote it in South Africa. Vegetable tanning process utilises vegetable matter for converting animal skins or hides into pliable material that is known as leather. South Africa has a variety of plants that produce tannins. However, the focus of this study is on the mimosa locally known as black wattle (Arcacia miernsii). Furthermore, the South African vegetable tanning sector has been left behind in terms of research and development despite the country being endowed with the Mimosa plant that is widely used in the vegetable tanning process. The country is also endowed with surplus labour which can be absorbed by the leather industry which is labour intensive.
13
Porter, Gregory Thomas. "Science of the Small: Nanotechnology Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30954.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an attempt to explore post industrial society and how modern industry can become part of the urban experience. Through the design of a nanotechnology research laboratory, I was able to discover a connection between modern architecture and nanotechnology which revolved around the topics of scale, layering and revealing.Master of Architecture
14
Hanna, Rosemary. "Hidden champions of the B.C. forest industry: are small firms at the cutting edge of value chain innovation? /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2348.
Full text
15
Kim, Hwansuk. "Determinants of technological change in the Korean machine tool industry a comparison of large and small firms /." Thesis, Online version, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.319609.
Full text
16
Cattell, K. S. "Black-owned small-scale building enterprises in the South African construction industry: attributes, constraints to growth and factors of success." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 1993. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31861.
Full textAbstract:
The construction sector of the South African economy consists of a variety of types of enterprises. These enterprises engage in 'formal' and 'informal' construction and building activities. The distinction between these types of activities is that the latter are not recorded in official returns (Krafchik, 1990:5). Within both the formal and informal groups large-scale enterprises (LSEs), medium-scale enterprises (MSEs) and smallscale enterprises (SSEs) are found. These enterprises are owned by individuals from various race groups.
17
Ozturk, Sengul Mehtap. "Position Of Design And The Designer In Low-tech Small And Medium Scale Furniture Industry In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610455/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing competition and technological improvements have created new challenges for the firms. In Turkey, low-tech small and medium scale furniture industry does not seem to be well equipped to compete in this respect due to their weak economic and cultural capital. Necessity of innovative and distinguishing design-led policies has already arisen for improving the position of the low-tech small and medium scale furniture producers. However, to generate effective policies for them, it is essential to understand the design process and production domain related to cultural factors which affect the position of design and the designer. Within this perspective, this thesis examines the position of design and the designer within the product development process in eight cases of small and medium scale furniture companies based on the data gathered from, firstly, in-depth interviews with the owners, and secondly, product development stories narrated by the owner, the designers and head of the production departments of the companies.
18
Aftab, Khalid. "The development of small-scale enterprises : a study of the agriculture-related engineering industry in Pakistan Punjab." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28872.
Full textAbstract:
This study seeks to explain the emergence, survival and growth (or decline) of the small-scale sector of the Agriculture-Related Engineering Industry (producing irrigation and cultivation products) in Pakistan Punjab during 1950-83. The two sectors of the industry (viz.,the irrigation and cultivation) are separately studied. We have identified four factors to explain the emergence, survival and growth (or decline) of small firms. These are: historical, technological, demand and economic policy. The first factor relates to a reservoir of labour with metal working experience in the Punjab, and the second to the technical possibility of separation of various processes in the manufacturing of agricultural engineering products, particularly tubewells. The other two factors, expansion of demand for agricultural engineering products and public policy, offered investment opportunities to small enterprises, and created a favourable environment which permitted diffusion of skills and technical know-how. An expanding market and the emergence of extensive vertical specialisation among small firms combined to help the enterprises overcome barriers to entry presented by integrated production. The survival of the small-scale firms among the large firms was possible because of the segmentation of the private tubewell market: the former operated in the lower end, while the later dominated the upper end. The decline of the irrigation sector small-scale enterprises in the 1970s is attributable to (1) sudden fall in demand for private tubewells and (2) the inability of small enterprises to diversify into technically superior or similar products. The cultivation sector comprised of three segments: (1) the lower segment (made up of traditional simple products) into which small-scale firms could easily enter because of the low level of technology required; (2) the middle segment which was occupied by a limited number of medium-sized firms produced simpler modern cultivation equipment; and (3) the upper segment dominated by a few large firms which produced sophisticated products. This resulted in the emergence of a pyramid like structure of the cultivation sector which was determined by the nature of the market and the technological requirements of production for different products.
19
Dachi, Mami Simon. "The role of small scale enterprises in reducing poverty and income inequality in Africa : a case study of manufacturing industries in Nigeria." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348753/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to investigate the claim made for small enterprises with specific reference to their ability to reduce poverty and unemployment in the countries of the developing world. According to World Bank estimates, about 1,115 million people in the developing world lived in poverty in 1985. This represented a third of the total population of the developing world, of which 630 million were extremely poor with annual consumption less than US$275. Evidence from Nigeria indicated that during the 1980's consumption plummeted by 7 per cent a year and the standard of living became lower in the mid-1980's than in the 1950's. With few notable exceptions, the overall evidence is that poverty and income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa is severe and has seriously limited the ability of the poor to have access to adequate work, water, clean air, habitable land and sanitation. Since there are no social security and unemployment benefits in the majority of African countries, development experts have been forced to respond to the reality of an ever increasing number of unskilled, unqualified and untrained urban population who enter the labour market and fail to find work. It is argued that reduced investment due to capital scarcity and shifting demand for labour has resulted in higher unemployment and larger numbers of day labourers than long-term employed workers. As a result, the majority of the urban poor and the unemployed have been forced to compete for basically unskilled jobs in order to survive. Since the long-term consequences of the unskilled unemployed people are socially and politically undesirable and must therefore not be ignored, a consensus has been formed within international development establishments in favour of a strategy of development that would result in higher demand for the labour of the urban poor. In response, the World Bank and other development experts have tried to examine the potential for job creation and other benefits from enterprises of different sizes and degrees of capital intensity, and to look for ways to assist financially and by other means manufacturing enterprises. Against this backdrop, it has been argued that small enterprises can create more jobs per unit of capital invested and have more intimate contact with the poor. Based on these arguments developing countries have been encouraged to change their national policies and procedures in favour of the development of small enterprises. Unless the limited supply of investment capital is spread more widely than in the past, it is argued, the vicious circle of poverty will persist. Since most claims made for small enterprises are political and moral and often not based on scientific inquiries, this research sets out to examine whether small enterprises under the forces of free market are more demanding of the labour of the urban poor in the Nigerian circumstance of the 1980's. This is made possible by examining, within a historical framework, the various models of development and the structure of employment and income in Nigeria. A model of development based on small enterprises, the evolution and changing roles of small enterprises in Nigeria arc also examined. This is, however, supplemented by a survey of 96 manufacturing enterprises of different sizes in some cities of Northern Nigeria. The field work which was spread between 1988 and 1990 involved in-depth data collection, observations and questionnaire administration. The findings of this research differ significantly from those offered by sponsored projects, and have therefore policy implications on the existing anti-poverty strategies.
20
Okur, Ayperi Serdaroglu. "The role of the small scale suppliers within the dynamics of the Turkish automotive industry : a historical perspective." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12240.
Full text
21
Kariuki, Peninah Wanjira. "Interest rate liberalisation and the allocative efficiency of credit : some evidence from the small and medium scale industry." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357119.
Full text
22
Mattsson, Joar. "Productive landscapes and the cultural historical environment : Prototyping a small-scale productive system utilizing the immediate landscape." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160022.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is an investigation of global exploitation of nature, use of productive landscapes and itsremaining structures as the cultural historical environment. The further aim has been to seek analternative approach against a large-scale utilization of the environment through an elaborativeprocess of an architectural intervention, combining public space and local production. The thesisbackground is exploring the human activities and outcomes in exploited landscapes and is departingfrom the issue of an anthropocentric approach toward the environment. Further on, it analyzesdifferent mindset on natural resources in relation to the building of civilization and society, the ruralcontra the urban. Against the background of a linear withdrawal of resources and in the long-termlandscape productive decline, the aim is to prototype a productive infrastructure that works in acyclical manner, re-using energy and being less dependent on resources at a large-scale. Departingfrom the regional environment in Umeå and its traditional agricultural and former industrial use ofthe landscape, the intervention is tested by considering the principles of sustained life by theimmediate landscape. The aim has been to analyze and translate principles at the scale of landscape,farm and unit into a reproducible, productive infrastructure that harvest energy from recreation,cultivation, production and the condition of the topography.
23
Hilson, Gavin Michael. "Environmental management in the Ghanian artisanal and small-scale gold mining industry : an analysis of institutional and grassroots perspectives." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7296.
Full text
24
Rezaei, Mona. "Combining Balanced Score Card and Data Envelopment Analysis for Analyzing the Performance of Small Scale Fisheries." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31892.
Full textAbstract:
The balanced scorecard (BSC) is an accepted methodology for putting strategy into action. The BSC provides a comprehensive performance measurement for an organization with respect to both financial and non-financial perspectives, including the triple bottom line of planet, people, and profit. Through various implementations to companies, organizations, and sectors, balanced scorecards have been used widely both for strategic purposes, as well as for more tactical focus for auditing current performance. BSC implementation is particularly adequate when integrated with the operational processes of the organization. The integration between the strategic plan and the financial and operational plans proceed via the business process model that covers the operational processes associated with the objectives of the organization in the strategy map. In this way, BSC is a tool for real-time monitoring of performance as well as providing the crucial linkage to the organization’s strategy that enables the proper implementation of the organization’s strategy. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been widely applied for measuring the efficiency of a specific decision-making unit (DMU) against a projected point on an efficiency frontier. DEA is therefore particularly suitable for measuring the organizational efficiency based on the BSC indicators, which are defined as Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). In the commercial fisheries sector, sustainable strategy of fisheries organizations can be gained by running the current operations more effectively, and by integrating processes enabling adaptation to change. The efficiency frontier of the DEA model can be used to calculate the efficiency of fisheries operations. The proposed research is undertaken as part of the Canadian Fisheries Research Network (CFRN) to investigate the application of BSC and DEA for defining commercial fisheries performance evaluation variables with respect to the objectives of environmental sustainability, economic viability, and social and cultural stability in compliance with, and in the absence of, performance monitoring alleged in the Fisheries and Oceans, Canada Integrated Fisheries Management Plans (IFMP). The combination of BSC-DEA methodologies is developed in this research as a required performance monitoring system suitable for IFMPs for analyzing the relative efficiency of commercial fisheries case studies across Canada towards incorporating best sustainable practices in the industry.
25
Ekblom, Mikaela. "Challenges Facing Food Processing MSEs in Tanzania : A Qualitative Case Study of the Sunflower Oil Industry in Babati, Manyara." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30289.
Full textAbstract:
Food processing micro- and small-scale enterprises (MSEs) play an important role in the national economic development of Tanzania. Though many of them have great growth potential, they face a number of constraints hindering further development, and large amounts of cooking oil are imported each year. The aim of thesis has therefore been to identify and analyse the different factors affecting these MSEs in order to find out which the major growth challenges are. The case study is mainly based on individual semi-structured interviews with sunflower oil processors and farmers in Babati districts, conducted in February and March 2016, and earlier research and studies on the topic of MSE growth make up the theoretical framework used for analysis of the data. The findings show that there are indeed numerous challenges facing these processors, and the major constraint was found to be lack of capital; an issue causing or worsening a majority of the other challenges at hand. Other problems are related to raw material, equipment & electricity for processing, regulations, market accessibility, and competition. These obstacles need to be overcome in order to enable the industry's expansion within and outside of Tanzania, and further research is recommended.
26
Purwanto, Erwan Agus. "Ups and downs in rural Javanese industry the dynamics of work and life of small-scale garment manufacturers and their families /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/77633.
Full text
27
Awere, Eric <1981>. "Generation and characterisation of wastewater in the small-scale palm oil processing industry in Ghana: A step towards sustainable management solutions." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9733/1/Generation%20and%20Characterization%20of%20Wastewater%20from%20palm%20oil%20industry%20of%20Ghana%20for%20sustainable%20solutions%20in%20Ghana.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The palm oil processing industry in Ghana is dominated by informal small-scale mills. However, the waste management of the informal mills have received little attention in research. The aim of this research was to determine the sources and quantity of water used, quantity and quality of wastewater produced to guide sustainable management of the wastewater. Twenty-five mills were selected for assessing the water sources and quantities, wastewater quantities and disposal practices. Wastewater samples were collected from four of the processing mills in both lean and peak production seasons for characterization. Empty palm fruit bunch fibre was used for solids-liquid separation of wastewater and the sludge was sun-dried for potential use as soil conditioner or solid fuel. The effluent from the solid-liquid separation was subjected to column filtration using palm kernel shell and charcoal as granular media. Boiling of fresh fruits, clarification of oil (optional), and cleaning of working tools were the unit processes which consumed fresh water and produced wastewater. Water consumption was influenced by the distance to the water source but not the price of water. For a litre of crude palm oil produced, 0.76-2.39 litres of water were consumed with a wastewater return factor of 68-82%. The mean concentrations of 6 out of the 7 parameters were over 2-orders of magnitude higher than the Ghana effluent discharge standards. The current practice of disposing raw wastewater into the natural environment could be negatively affecting the environment. The nutrients content and calorific value of the sun-dried wastewater sludge was high showing their potential as sustainable soil conditioner or solid fuel. The performance of charcoal and palm kernel shell filters were creditable compared to the sand. However, charcoal and palm kernel shells show limited potential for use as granular filter media for treating high strength palm oil mill wastewater.
28
Larcher, Paul A. "A model for a contractor support agency." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7533.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with the development of small scale contractors in developing countries. The global trend towards privatisation has led to an increasing interest in the use of the private sector for the construction of buildings and infrastructure. In developing countries large projects are typically undertaken by large foreign contractors however, there are few small scale contractors to undertake small construction projects or maintenance work. The first stage of the study investigated three issues pertinent to the small scale contracting sector: 1. The problems experienced by small scale contractors and the inter-relationship of these problems 2. Contractor development projects to identify their support mechanisms and assess their level of success 3. A review of the construction industry framework in developed and developing countries to highlight the problems caused by their different structures. The second stage of the study proposes the use of a Contractor Support Agency as the most appropriate support mechanism for the development of the indigenous contracting sector and outlines the roles and activities that should be undertaken by the agency. The Contractor Support Agency model is reviewed by experts in the sector and the analysis of the results presented in the thesis. The thesis concludes that the proposed model is broadly correct and discusses small modifications that can be made to enhance its suitability in a range of different situations.
29
Barry, Martin. "Distributed small-scale wind in New Zealand : advantages, barriers and policy support instruments : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/87.
Full text
30
Akhtar, Muhammad Naveed, and Kayode Olumide Eniodunmo. "Examination of Strategic Management Accounting Techniques among SMEs (Perception of the Usefulness, Adoption, and Outcomes) : A multiple Case Study of SMEs in the Food Processing Industry in Nigeria." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105675.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: This thesis examines the perception of the usefulness of SMAT, its adoption, and expected outcomes among SMEs in the food processing industry of Nigeria. Research Questions: Three research questions have been addressed in this thesis; (1)What is the perception of the usefulness of SMAT among SMEs in the food processing industry in Nigeria? (2) What leads to SMEs adoption of SMAT (antecedents) among SMEs in the food processing industry in Nigeria? and (3) What outcomes (consequences) are believed to result from using SMAT among SMEs in the food processing industry in Nigeria? Methodology: Qualitative studies are employed to handle empirical data gathering by semi structural interviews from four SMEs in the food processing industry in Nigeria. The data has been analyzed and thoroughly discussed in the light of previous theories, and findings are presented. Findings: A significant positive perception of the usefulness of SMAT among the selected SMEs in the food processing industry in Nigeria was observed. With few exceptions, costing techniques, customer-focused techniques, and competitors' accounting are moderately and highly perceived while customer accounting techniques are not in use. The most adopted technique is target costing, and the other including; pricing strategy, competitor position tracking, brand valuation, and life cycle costing. Moreover, the management of the sample SMEs thought that benchmarking is the most suitable method to meet their operational targets. The perception of usage of SMAT positively and significantly impacts the perception of increasing customer base and obtaining competitive advantage. The findings imply that SMAT could replace the traditional management accounting practices such as budget and budgetary control in SMEs. Further, human capital is a more influential factor for SMEs than technology because human capital is better positioned to decide which technological tools are more effective for the firms to implement them in their business processes and operations to achieve the organizational goals. Significance of the Study: The research work contributes towards the literature by increasing the knowledge regarding the perception of the usefulness of SMAT and the implications of SMAT practices and its awareness in the SME sector. The larger and smaller firms' policymakers, owners, and managers can benefit through the knowledge and awareness of SMAT and its implementation in their day-to-day business operations. Moreover, the knowledge of using SMAT can enhance the effectiveness of the organizations in achieving their goals that would result in the overall prosperity of the economy of any country. Limitations: The study is restricted to the perception of the usefulness of SMAT, level of adoption, and outcomes among SMEs operating in the food processing industry with a sample size consist of four companies and limited to participants’ in particular geographic regions of Nigeria; therefore, provided information may not be valid for other areas and markets. This fact limits the global generalizability of our findings.
31
King, Colville. "Governance inertia & performance in a micro-sized single desk seller : a 120 point thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Management at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1150.
Full textAbstract:
Single Desk Seller (SDS) firm structures dominate the agribusiness sector in many developing countries, and were created to resolve export market failure and achieve performance efficiency and effectiveness. Many of these SDSs are also state owned enterprises and have been perceived to be inefficient and a drain on the public purse, as well as no longer having a raison d'être in the face of the World Trade Organization’s anti-competition open markets policies. However, unlike in developed countries, SDSs are likely to remain a significant feature in small developing countries due to their inherent problem of small scale and undeveloped equity markets. It therefore beholds researchers and practitioners to correct inefficiencies of these structures in order to achieve optimal performance. The Arrowroot Industry Association, with a record of disastrous performance makes an ideal case to explore this governance-performance relationship. A holistic case study research methodology was used to carry out this study The main finding was that the governance structure of the Arrowroot Industry Association (AIA) was unresponsive to and did not co-evolve with its environment over the last (20) twenty years. As a result it increasingly became an inefficient mechanism for solving governance according to the normative prescriptions of property rights, transactions cost, agency, resource based view, resource dependency theories, stakeholder, and stewardship theories. Consequently, and despite having a rare and valuable starch product, the AIA was unable to meet demand or secure sufficient rents from the value chain to meet the revenue objectives of itself or of its members. The most significant causes of inertia in the AIA’s strategy and structure were caused by two exogenous variables (a fixed legislation and significant politically influence in the strategic process), and two endogenous variables (poor cognitive ability of management and directors and the limiting effects of its eroded resource base). The combination of poor performance and inertia of the AIA over the years resulted in various forms of escalating commitments, debt accumulation and a shrinking supply base upstream as producers sought alternative means of income. Furthermore, the absence of markets for managerial talents, corporate control and arrowroot production, harvesting and processing technologies restricted alternatives available to the AIA of Government in resolving the perceived problems. Research implications and recommendations for the AIA are subsequently discussed. The major recommendations proposed to reverse the performance problem of the AIA were (1) tighter vertical integration of the AIA to internalise of downstream inefficiencies, (2) efficient allocation of property rights along the entire value chain, (3) clearly defined roles and boundaries for key stakeholders, (4) increasing managerial, technological and financial capacity, and (5) reducing Government control by making influence-cost significantly prohibitive.
32
Larsson, Erik. "Småskalig kraftvärmeproduktion för ett medelstort svenskt industriföretag : Potentialen för konventionell Rankinecykel." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29989.
Full textAbstract:
Utsläppen av växthusgaser måste minska snabbt under de kommande åren. Sveriges mål är att uppnå nettonollutsläpp till år 2045. Industrisektorn spelar en avgörande roll i omställningsarbetet genom att minska sitt energibehov och fasa ut sin användning av fossila bränslen, teknikutvecklingen måste gå mot mer klimatsmarta och hållbara produkter och produktionsmetoder. Omställningen kommer att kräva ett mer robust och tillförlitligt energisystem där dagens centraliserade system kompletteras med mindre decentraliserade produktionsanläggningar så att effekt- och energibehov kan tillgodoses i alla lägen. Att producera el och värme närmare användaren bidrar till minskade överföringsförluster. Småskalig kraftvärmeproduktion (CHP) baserad på biobränslen eller restvärmeresurser kan vara en del av lösningen för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser. Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att undersöka möjligheten för ett medelstort svenskt industriföretag att producera sitt eget basbehov av värme och el med hjälp av den konventionella Rankinecykeln. Samt att undersöka hur produktionskostnaderna av el och värme förändras beroende på anläggningens storlek. Arbetet har bestått av datainsamling från olika tillverkare av turbiner och pannor, en beräkningsmodell skapades i Excel där anläggningar av olika storlek har jämförts vid olika driftscenarion. Ekonomiska kalkyler har gjorts med hjälp av Pay-off metoden och Nuvärdesmetoden. Resultatet visar att produktionskostnaderna för anläggningar med turbiner i storleksordningen 10 – 100 kWel ligger på en relativt jämn nivå och betydligt lägre än priserna på köpt el och fjärrvärme. Den ekonomiska bedömningen visar generellt på positiva resultat med korta pay-offtider och positiva nuvärden. En jämförelse av anläggningarna visar att elverkningsgraden är låg och att totalverkningsgraden i vissa fall blir lägre än för företagets befintliga värmeleverantör. Detta visar att trots att det ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv kan vara en lönsam investering kan det ur ett systemperspektiv vara ett sämre alternativ då en lägre verkningsgrad leder till en ökad primärenergianvändning. Det är många parametrar som påverkar en CHP-anläggnings prestanda och ekonomiska lönsamhet, men en av de viktigaste är drifttiden. Att ha en kontinuerlig drift under större delen av året har stor påverkan på anläggningens ekonomiska prestanda. Anläggningens låga elverkningsgrad gör också att största besparingen hamnar på värmeproduktionen vilket gör att anläggningen bör dimensioneras så att den ersätter så stor del som möjligt av företagets värmebehov.The emissions of greenhouse gases need to decrease rapidly over the coming decades. Sweden has set the target to achieve net zero emissions by 2045. The industrial sector plays a crucial role in that conversion by reducing its energy needs and to convert from fossil fuels to renewables. This conversion will require a more robust and reliable energy system were todays centralized system has been supplemented by small decentralized production facilities. To produce heat and power closer to the consumers means less transmission losses. Small scale combined heat and power (CHP) production based on biofuels or excess heat could be a solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the possibility for a mid-size Swedish industrial company to produce its own base load of heat and power with a conventional Rankine cycle. Also to evaluate the production costs depending on the size of the plant. The work has consisted of data collection from different manufacturers of steam turbines and steam boilers, a calculation model has been made in Excel to compare different plant sizes and in different operating scenarios. Economical evaluations has been made with the Pay-off method and the net present value method (NPV). The result shows that production costs for facilities with steam turbines in the size range of 10 – 100 kWel is well below the price of bought electricity and district heating. The economical evaluation generally shows on short pay-off times and positive NPV. A comparison of the CHP plants shows that the electric efficiency is low and the total efficiency sometimes can be lower than for the existing heat supplier of the company. This means that a switch to local CHP will have a negative impact from a system perspective, because of the increased use of primary energy resources. There is many parameters that affects the performance of a CHP plant but the most crucial is the operation time. To have a continuous operation over a major part of the year has a great impact on the economic performance. The low electric efficiency means that the major part of the savings gets on the heat production. This means that the CHP plant should be dimensioned to replace primarily the heat requirement.
33
Dahlström, Julia. "Avloppsrening från småskalig processindustri." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414710.
Full textAbstract:
Småskaliga processindustrier är små industrier som genom ett småskaligt, hantverksmässigt eller lokalt förhållningssätt förädlar råvaror genom olika automatiserade processer. Vid förädlingen uppkommer stora mängder processavloppsvatten med stor organisk belastning som måste tas om hand på ett hållbart, resurseffektivt och miljömässigt sätt för att inte skada människa eller miljö. I denna studie undersöktes kvaliteten på processavloppsvatten från småskaliga slakterier, mejerier och bryggerier, samt hur hanteringen av processavloppsvattnet från dessa processindustrier ser ut i Sverige idag. Ytterligare utreddes hur reningstekniker för små avlopp kan användas för rening av processavloppsvatten från småskalig processindustri samt hur marknaden för användande av tekniker för små avlopp för rening av processavloppsvatten ser ut. Studien använde ett flertal metoder, litteraturstudie av småskaliga processindustrier och små avlopp, intervjuer och enkätundersökning av småskaliga slakterier, mejerier och bryggerier, samt intervjuer med tillverkare för tekniker för små avlopp. Resultatet visade att kvaliteten på processavloppsvattnet inte kunde redovisas för majoriteten av processindustrierna från intervjuer och enkätundersökning eftersom kvalitetsanalyser inte alltid verkar ske på processavloppsvattnet, varken före eller efter rening. Litteraturen beskrev vidare att prioriterade parametrar att rena för slakterier, mejerier och bryggerier främst är organiska ämnen (mätt som BOD eller COD), suspenderade ämnen, kväve, fosfor, samt pH. Dessa parametrar varierar mellan de olika typerna av processindustrierna och inom samma typ av processindustri. Variationerna anses utgöra en utmaning att hitta passande reningstekniker som fungerar i alla sammanhang. Angående vilka reningstekniker och avloppslösningar som används av småskaliga processindustrier visade resultatet att en stor andel av processindustrierna har intern rening, och knappt en tredjedel har anslutning till kommunalt avloppsnät. Processindustrier med intern rening vars processavloppsvatten dimensionerades till mindre än 100 personekvivalenter använder till övervägande del tekniker för rening av små avlopp, men andra avloppslösningar såsom gödselbrunn, reningsverk och biogasanläggning förekom även för större avloppsdimensioner. Reningstekniker för små avlopp för rening av processavloppsvatten, samt anpassade tekniker för processavloppsvatten, erbjuds till viss grad på dagens marknad men det finns fortfarande utmaningar för att kunna tillhandahålla lösningar för fler typer av processindustrier. Möjlighet att utjämna avloppsflöden och lösningar med större belastningskapacitet är fortfarande något som behöver utvecklas vidare.Small-scale process industries are small, sometimes locally or artisanal, industries that produces their product through processing raw materials by using automated processes. Large volumes of wastewater effluent are produced by doing this, and this wastewater is characterized by high organic load and nutrients which must be treated in a sustainable way to not be harmful to humans nor the environment. This study evaluated industrial wastewater treatment from small-scale slaughterhouses, dairies and breweries, including wastewater characteristics of these types of process industries in Sweden today. The study also included an evaluation of decentralized wastewater treatment systems for small-scale industrial wastewater treatment and what the Swedish market can provide regarding small-scale industrial wastewater treatments. Different methods were used to reach this goal; a literature study regarding wastewater characteristics and treatment of industrial wastewater and decentralized wastewater treatment systems, interviews, and surveys of Swedish small-scale process industries, and finally interviews with manufacturers of decentralized wastewater treatment systems. The result showed that wastewater characteristics was not accessible from most of the Swedish small-scale process industries. They mostly do not analyze their wastewater neither before nor after wastewater treatment. Furthermore, it was described that highpriority wastewater characteristics for treatment according to the literature was BOD, COD, suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH. Variations of these characteristics is common both between different types of process industries and in the same type of industry. These variations are challenging in regard to finding suitable wastewater treatment techniques that is adequate in every situation. Wastewater treatment systems used today are mostly local at the site, it is around a third that have connection to municipal wastewater facilities. The most common local wastewater treatment for small process industries (less than 100 population equivalents) is decentralized wastewater treatment systems according to the interviews and surveys. Other wastewater treatments such as dung pits, wastewater treatment plants and biogas plants were also used for larger process industries. Decentralized wastewater treatment systems for industrial wastewater treatment and adapted small-scale industrial wastewater treatments can be found to some extent on the Swedish market today, but there are still some challenges to provide small-scale industrial wastewater treatment for every type of process industry. Solutions to level out intense wastewater flows and capacity to receive high effluent loads need to be further developed.
34
Da, Silva Maria. "Small-scale industry in black South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17019.
Full textAbstract:
An examination of the evolution and development of Black
small-scale manufacturers in the rural and urban areas of
South Africa is presented. Within the context of the broader
literature of small-scale enterprises the focus is on issues
surrounding the developmental potential of small-scale
entrepreneurs. The historical analysis of Black
entrepreneurship in South Africa indicates that external
rather than internal factors constitute the main constraints
to the development of small-scale entrepreneurs.
Discrimination by government emerges as the principal factor
for the continued underdevelopment of Black entrepreneurship
in South Africa.
35
Li, Xueshi. "Small scale, great ambition China's nanotechnology in action /." Diss., 2008.
Find full text
36
KARUSH, GAURAV. "PLANNING AND MARKETING FOR SMALL SCALE BUSINESS -WEDDING INDUSTRY." Thesis, 2020. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/17978.
Full textAbstract:
Wedding industry in India is growing very fast and contributes a huge part to the
economy, even though there are lack of good research and quality literature,
underpinned by technology advancement and social media influence. The main aim
of this study is to plan and see effect of marketing and promotional strategy of
small business in wedding industry.
To plan for marketing strategy we firstly should study the current wedding industry
size and its challenges, then accordingly develop a marketing strategy so that
business will able to make long term and good relationship with partners and
customers. Planning will be done so that we can easily target the right customers
This study covers theoretical foundation of researches of the wedding industry. The
method used here will be the descriptive survey method aimed to plan and
strategies for marketing of small business in specific area. We will focus more on
social media marketing strategy to modify traditional ways of wedding planning
and management processes. The industry includes a lot of sub-industry like
decoration, photography, makeup, food, clothing, hotel etc.
It is very difficult to estimate size of the industry but as per the research carried out
by KPMG (2017) the market size is projected to be around 40–50 billion dollars
and it is continuously growing at the rate of twenty to twenty-five percent every
year.
37
Kumar, Vivek. "Waste management for small scale pulp and paper industry." Thesis, 2000. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/3199.
Full text
38
Mitter, Lakshmi. "Technological Innovation And Economic Performance In Small-scale Precision Engineering Industry." Thesis, 2005. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1420.
Full text
39
Mitter, Lakshmi. "Technological Innovation And Economic Performance In Small-scale Precision Engineering Industry." Thesis, 2005. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1420.
Full text
40
Nagesha, N. "Energy Efficiency And Economic Performance In Small Scale Industry Clusters : An Analysis Of Influencing Factors, Barriers And Drivers." Thesis, 2005. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1417.
Full text
41
Nagesha, N. "Energy Efficiency And Economic Performance In Small Scale Industry Clusters : An Analysis Of Influencing Factors, Barriers And Drivers." Thesis, 2005. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1417.
Full text
42
Heredia, Salgado Mario Alejandro. "Biomass thermochemical conversion in small scale facilities." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29518.
Full textAbstract:
The energetic conversion of the residual biomass generated in the Ecuadorian
agro-industrial sector is an alternative to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels
in thermal appliances, mitigate the environmental impacts associated with
improper residues disposition and to reduce the agroindustry dependency on
subsidies to fossil fuels. In general, most of the residual biomass generated in
the agro-industrial sector would have at least one of these characteristics: high
ash content and low bulk density. Combustion of low bulk density biomass in the
horizontal burner prototype (HBP) developed in this study show to be
problematic. Conveying issues (e.g. stagnation and dome formation) and fuel
dragging by the combustion air stream produced instabilities in the flame front
and prevented a steady combustion process. From the agro-residues analyzed
in this study, only palm oil kernel shells (KS) can be converted into thermal
energy observing the European eco-design standards, that is, the CO
concentration in the flue gas was below 250 mg/Nm3 (values corrected to 11%
vol. O2, dry gas). Nonetheless, the ash management within the combustion
process must be improved. It was observed that a pyrolysis process, that is, the
pyrolysis small and modular auger reactor developed in this thesis can make
effective use of most of the low density and high ash content agro-residues
considered in this study. Auto-thermal operating conditions were observed when
the feedstock of the pyrolysis process was KS. In these conditions, the CO
concentration in the flue gas (197 mg/Nm3 at 11% vol. O2, dry gas) was lower
than the limit established by the European eco-design standards. For the rest of
the agro-residues considered in this study (coffee husks, quinoa stems, and
quinoa husks) the pyrolysis gas combustion process took place under cocombustion
conditions, that is, a constant thermal energy input is required to
keep steady temperatures in the combustion and pyrolysis processes. It is
observed that the physicochemical properties of the produced biochar changes
according to the feedstock and reactor operating conditions. However, in all the
cases the molar H/Corg and O/Corg ratios agree with the guidelines for the
sustainable production of biochar. It is further observed that the exergy efficiency
of charcoal production is around 65.5%. This estimation considers a fully
integrated system was the excess thermal energy generated during
carbonization is used to produce work (e.g. drying). The reference payback
period associated with a pyrolysis facility in Ecuador assuming a biochar price
between 3.5 to 5.3 USD/t would range between 3 to 5 years. However, a high
uncertainty concerning the biochar market price is recognized. In general, fossil
fuel subsidies hinder the transition towards the use of residual biomass as an
energy source. Regardless of changes in the subsidies policy, the increase of
the exergy efficiency and the optimization of the capital and operation costs
associated with the biomass valorization infrastructures are alternatives to
promote the sustainable utilization of the residual biomass generated in the
studied agro-industrial sectors.A conversão energética da biomassa residual gerada no setor agroindustrial do Equador é uma alternativa para reduzir o consumo de combustíveis fósseis, mitigar os impactos ambientais associados à disposição inadequada de resíduos e reduzir a dependência da agroindústria aos subsídios dos combustíveis fósseis. O sector agroindustrial dá origem a grandes quantidades de biomassa residual que se caracteriza por apresentar alto teor de cinzas e baixa densidade aparente, e cujo aproveitamento energético tem sido desprezado por razões relacionadas com as tecnologias disponíveis. A combustão deste tipo de biomassa no protótipo de queimador horizontal (HBP) desenvolvido neste estudo mostrou-se problemática. Problemas de transporte (estagnação e formação de abóbada) e arrastamento do combustível pela corrente de ar de combustão produziram instabilidades na frente da chama e impediram um processo de combustão estável. Dos agro-resíduos estudados, apenas a casca do fruto da palmeira de óleo de palma (KS) pode ser queimada obedecendo aos padrões Europeus de eco-design, nomeadamente, a concentração de CO no efluente foi inferior a 250 mg/Nm3 (corrigido a 11% vol. O2, gás seco). No entanto, a gestão das cinzas do processo de combustão ainda precisa ser melhorada. Em alternativa observou-se que um reator de pirólise modular de parafuso seguido de um queimador dos gases de pirólise, ambos desenvolvidos no âmbito deste trabalho, é capaz de processar a maioria dos agro-resíduos de baixa densidade e alto teor de cinzas considerados neste estudo. Foram observadas condições operacionais auto-térmicas quando a matéria-prima do processo de pirólise foi KS. Nessas condições, a concentração de CO no gás de combustão (197 mg/Nm3 a 11% vol. O2, gás seco) foi inferior ao limite estabelecido pelas normas Europeias de eco-design. Para o restante dos resíduos agrícolas considerados neste estudo (cascas de café, talos de quinoa e cascas de quinoa), a combustão do gas de pirólise ocorreu em condições de co-combustão, ou seja, é necessária uma entrada adicional de energia térmica para manter a temperatura constante nos processos de combustão e pirólise. As propriedades físico-químicas do biochar produzido dependem da matéria prima e das condições de operação do reator, tendo sido observado que, em todos os casos, as razões molares H/Corg e O/Corg estão de acordo com as diretrizes para a produção sustentável de biochar. Observa-se ainda que a eficiência exergética na produção de biochar gira em torno de 65,5%. Essa estimativa considera um sistema totalmente integrado onde o excesso de energia térmica gerada durante a carbonização é usado para produzir trabalho (por exemplo, secagem).O período de retorno de referência associado a uma instalação de pirólise no Equador, assumindo um preço de biochar entre 3,5 e 5,3 USD / t, varia entre 3 e 5 anos. No entanto, é reconhecida uma alta incerteza quanto ao preço do mercado de biochar. Em geral, os subsídios aos combustíveis fósseis impedem a transição para o uso de biomassa residual como fonte de energia. Independentemente das mudanças na política de subsídios, o aumento da eficiência exergetica e a otimização dos custos de capital e operação associados às infraestruturas de valorização da biomassa são alternativas para promover a utilização sustentável da biomassa residual gerada nos setores agroindustriais estudados.
Programa Doutoral em Sistemas Energéticos e Alterações Climáticas
43
Chukwuka, Gabriel. "Evaluation of small-scale batch biodiesel production options for developing economies." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1062.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology: Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, 2014.Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that can be produced from animal fats, vegetable oils or recycled used cooking oil. From the 1970’s, biodiesel received increased focus as an alternative to crude oil and its component products. Among various processes used for biodiesel production, transesterification of glyceride and alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to produce ester (biodiesel) and glycerin remains the most common. In Africa, biodiesel is currently produced industrially in a number of ways via different methods. In South Africa, there are a number of biodiesel production plants that are continuous processes with feed samples from different sources. Reviewing the batch systems for developing economies, various observations were made. Some produced biodiesel using batch systems at room or day temperatures, another used different temperatures, some also used flat based buckets for their mixing and so on. This becomes difficult for local producers who desired to produce biodiesel on a very small scale for their farms or business. Hence, the study was aimed at evaluation batch biodiesel systems and to come up with a simplified approach for a producer in a developing economy or a local user. The objectives of this study were as follows; To evaluate biodiesel production options, and hence develop a simplified process that can be used to produce biodiesel in developing economies. The criteria for evaluation will include: ease of operation, non-specialist equipment, range of feedstock, product quality and product yield. To evaluate various factors that affect these criteria and make recommendations that will enable a local producer to remain within an optimum range Compare the produced biodiesel properties against general biodiesel and petroleum diesel ASTM standard range Recommend simplified equipment design for a local producer Perform economic evaluation to establish cost required both for equipment and raw materials for a local producer. After literature review on the existing processes, base catalyzed transesterification was selected. This is because of the simplicity as well as ease of operation. Experimental trials commenced using feeds from pure vegetable oil (PVO) and waste vegetable oil (WVO) to familiarize biodiesel production, as well as study the behavior of each having the research criteria in focus. Various variables that affect ease of operation, product quality, and yield were also investigated. These include temperature, type of catalyst (KOH or NaOH), type of alcohol (Methanol or Ethanol), concentration of catalyst, and purity of alcohol, and nature of feed (PVO or WVO). The effect of temperature was compared against product quality, yield, and ease of operation. Other variables were also compared against the same criteria. Treatment of WVO because of impurity and moisture contamination associated with such samples was also studied. The product was then tested using some ASTM procedures to compare biodiesel quality to acceptable standards. Efficient reaction time is paramount for a quality biodiesel. It was observed that biodiesel required between 25 and 30 minutes for a complete reaction. Lower temperatures clearly affected the quality of biodiesel produced. Best operating range was found to be between 55 oC – 75 oC is usually recommended for a transesterification reaction to obtain optimum yield and quality. The use of KOH compared to NaOH yields similar results even though NaOH is usually selected because of the reduced cost. The use of methanol compared to ethanol also yields similar results, even though methanol is usually preferred due to cost. Purity of available alcohol is vital as its reduction from 99.5 % to 75 % during experimental trials, yielded poor quality biodiesel. This is mainly due to moisture content that usually gives room for bacteria growth and corrosion of fuel lines in engines. As long as a titration test is carried out on the feed, the use of WVO is a good option. Varying catalyst concentrations from 0.5 % to 1.75 % were considered and the best regimes identified. This test will enable a producer from a growing economy to use the appropriate reagent, which will ensure the transesterification reaction is complete. After comparing appleseed and cone based design, the latter was selected as it will eliminate any difficulty that a local producer might encounter in making the biodiesel batch. In terms of costs, it was discovered that the major costs to a local producer will be the biodiesel mixer and fittings which will be fixed costs. Other variable costs are considered to be affordable, as the cost of waste vegetable oil is very low as well as other industrial reagent grade that will be required. In summary, batch biodiesel production for a local user or developing economy is a very feasible exercise. One needs to ensure that the recommendations regarding pre-treatment of feed oil, basic reaction criteria and other generic parameters are considered during production.
44
Wu, Liang-Ming, and 吳良民. "A qualitative research of small scale consumer loan behaviors in banking industry." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68040489380505240704.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
企業管理研究所
91
Following with an opening of the financial market, Besides consumer’s loans, Cash Advanced of Credit Card, Cash Card are catching on as one of the fashionable financial tools at present. Because there are a lot of benefits like large interest income, potential marketing and risk diversification, more and more banking proprietors are taking place in such a war. As expected, Cash Card will be one of the hottest products in consumer’s loans in the future. The purposes of this research are as follows: 1.To analyze the consumer’s buying decisions of consumer’s loans ,and develop a perfect Cash Card in consumers’ minds. 2.After analysis of consumer’s buying decisions in different consumer group , it could be used as references for making marketing strategies by proprietors. The research area is only limited in studying in Cash Card and Credit Card, one of the consumer’s loans. Research persons will be divided into three parts according to the consumer styles based on the EKB model; meanwhile, it adopts「Focus group」method to analyze and describe consumer’s behaviors. The results of the research are summarized the following:, 1.Problem recognition: most of the consumers have less understanding and bad images for Cash Card.They think that the users of the Cash Card must be un-financed persons. 2.Information collections: TV Advertisements are the main messages for consumers. The consumers prefer to going to banks which are legal and professional to apply consumer’s loans. 3.Alternative evaluation: Cash-Card users care the simple and speed application processes, more than interest rates. The revolving users are eager to receive Cash Card easily .They focus on lower interest products to reduce interest pressure, especially in “Transfer-Balance product.” As for the full-payment users, they don’t use Cash Card because of the high interest rate. 4.Choice: Most of the consumers consider about interest rates, safety, credit limit, additional value, service, bank images, card styles, and satisfaction. 5.Outcomes：the consumers care about respects and privacy. They would like to receive a clear-cut bill list and a flexible payment. Besides, elegant gifts also have positive effects on consumers’ motivations and attitudes The suggestions of this research are the following: 1.The proprietors should make different marketing strategies and plans for different consumers’ needs. 2.The consumers’ common expectations are “ interest ” and “ credit limit ” so price war would be coming soon as expected. Therefore, the proprietors should prepare to make different marketing strategies and plans previously involved “consumers’ loyalty, “ “C.R.M, “and so forth, to make relationships with the consumers.
45
Gowda, Manje. "Development Of Distress Prediction Models For Small Scale Enterprises Using Organisational/Managerial & Financial Ratio Variables." Thesis, 1998. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2175.
Full text
46
Gowda, Manje. "Development Of Distress Prediction Models For Small Scale Enterprises Using Organisational/Managerial & Financial Ratio Variables." Thesis, 1998. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2175.
Full text
47
Chitsike, Tichafa. "A mineral rights policy framework for promoting the small-scale mining industry in South Africa." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22503.
Full textAbstract:
A project report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Master of Science in Engineering.This study addresses a principal issue associated with the small-scale mining industry in South Africa, namely mineral rights. Firstly it defines a small-scale mine and its role in the South African economy. It then examines the current mineral rights policy and the conditions under which the current mineral rights policy could be reformed in order to encourage the growth of the small-scale mining sector. Various models and proposals have been examined in an attempt to suggest the most suitable policy in terms of acquisition and distribution of mineral rights, Acquisition of mineral rights remains one of the major obstacles facing small-scale mining companies. The need to change the legal framework surrounding the acquisition of mineral rights is clearly demonstrated in this project report. Simplification of the legal framework would lead to easy access to mineral rights by both large-scale and small-scale, South African and foreign mining companies and remove the traditional complexities associated with the current South African mineral rights policy which tend to sterilise mineral rights. These complexities include subdivision of mineral rights, potential lockup of mineral rights by private companies and individuals and the State. Analysis of methods to rationalise the mineral rights policy have demonstrated that nationalisation and expropriation of mineral rights are counter productive and can not be used as vehicles for access to mineral rights. In order to strengthen the small-scale mining industry changes to the mineral rights have been proposed. A model mineral rights policy framework has been designed to promote small-scale mining. Introduction of a mineral fights tax, taking into consideration the specifics of the South African mining industry, similar to that of Swaziland of 1958 is proposed as one of the ways of discouraging the sterilisation of mineral rights. It introduces a cost element in the locking up of mineral rights by private companies and individuals. It is envisaged that when the cost of holding these mineral rights is greater than the benefits of holding the mineral rights, mineral rights holders would relinquish them thereby allowing access to these mineral rights to other interested parties. The relinquished mineral rights should revert to the State, which in tum should allocate them to qualified mining companies. Due considerations of the unique characteristics of the South African mining industry need to be taken into account when designing any mineral rights policy. Implementation of any such policy should therefore be done with the consensus of the mining industry. Access to State mineral rights is also considered vital. Whilst it is important to provide the small-scale mining sector with access to mineral rights it is recognised that the success of the sector depends many factors, mineral rights among others. A holistic approach that take into all facets of small-scale mining are included in the proposed policy framework for the development of the small-scale mining industry in South Africa.
AC2017
48
Yang, Chin-Sung, and 楊金松. "The strategy study of business transformation on small-scale telecom equipment manufacturing industry in Taiwan." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76706386005159406453.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
管理研究所
93
The US telecom industry has been entering a competitive era since 1980’s; meanwhile, it triggered the liberalization and revolution of the global telecom. Sequentially, many countries like Taiwan started to liberate the telecom industry for free competition. With this change, the most impact was to those equipment manufacturers they used to replied on Chunghwa telecom as a supplier role. As being confront with the rigorous challenge, they made all the efforts to transit themselves to become more valuable and competitive for their sustainability. Those wire transmission devices manufacturers are rare minorities rooted in the field of telecom industry and their manufacturing scale is not big because of the realities of higher entry threshold with complicated technology and the localism and oligopoly business with mono-state-own company. Whether they can succeed in the transition with the liberalization and internationalization of telecom is subject to if they can follow the footstep of CPE and the network access equipment manufacturing industry entering the global market. And this triggered my interest to have this study. This is a case study. The approach is to collect the published articles related to the business transformation and compare with the transition process of this case company for that to develop some constructive suggestions. The result of this search indicates that the telecom industry is a capital intensive industry. The small-scale telecom devices manufacturer was limited with the resources so that they need a strategic resources management, especially when they consider the multi-products transformation. Review the revenue structure of this case company, it is apparent that they are transferring from self-owned brand to ODM/OEM. It is worth to observe if that is right path of this industry to collaborate with worldwide companies as what CPE and network access equipment industry did.
49
Van, Diermen Peter. "Systems of enterprises : a study of small-scale garment and wood furniture enterprises in Jakarta." Phd thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123362.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesia’s labour force is expected to expand rapidly and urbanise
between 1995 and 2025. Much of the urban workforce continues to be engaged
in small-scale economic activity. In contrast to popular opinion, the growth of
employment in small-scale enterprises during the 1980s and early 1990s
compared favourably with that of large and medium-sized enterprises. Several
explanations have been suggested, but, none have been fully investigated. Thus,
this thesis has examined why small-scale enterprises have performed so well.
Looking ahead, it also has considered what future contribution small-scale
enterprises could make.
In investigating these two issues the thesis reviewed the appropriate
industrial development literature and derived a conceptual framework for
examining systems of enterprises. The framework emphasised both the intra-firm
relationships of small-scale enterprise and their inter-firm linkages. Enterprises
were put into their specific historical, place and industry context by interviewing
a large number of small-scale garment and wood furniture entrepreneurs and
their workers in three specific locations of Jakarta.
The analysis of the fieldwork data derived from Jakarta’s small-scale
garment and wood furniture enterprises highlighted the family’s dual function: it
served as both a social structure and an institutional organisation. This dual
function was crucial to the flexibility and success of small-scale enterprises. In
particular, small family businesses had different factor inputs of land, labour and
capital than large corporations. This resulted in small and large enterprises
having different product and spatial markets. Despite government initiatives to
promote inter-firm linkages between small and large enterprises these efforts had
not been significant in Jakarta’s small-scale garment and wood furniture
enterprises. Clustering of small enterprises in specific locations, however, had
been important. Their significance stemmed from the indirect benefits derived
from their close proximity to each other rather than from the formal linkages
between individual business enterprises.
Both Jakarta’s small-scale garment and wood furniture enterprises
offered wages comparable or higher than those of their large scale counterparts.
Recruitment to these industries was likely to continue to be through informal
networks, and characterised by high labour turnover and low job security. These
case studies did not represent a system of flexible specialisation nor did the small
firms fit neatly into the informal/formal sector dichotomy. Rather the conceptual
framework used in this thesis, emphasises the importance of studying systems of
enterprises comprising a continuum of firm sizes and focusing on intra- and interfirm
relationships.
50
Nothard, Brendon Wasley. "Improving the productivity and competitiveness of small-scale sugarcane contractors in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5518.
Full textAbstract:
The productivity of small-scale sugarcane contractors affects not only their own
profitability and sustainability, but that of other stakeholders as well, such as the small-scale
sugarcane farmers they contract to and the sugar mills these farmers supply in the
form of improved services to growers and a steady flow of sugarcane to mills. This study
firstly illustrates the organisational structures of the sugar industry. It then aims to
identify constraints that inhibit the performance (such as timely haulage operations and
cost effectiveness) of small-scale sugarcane contractors in the small-scale sugar industry
of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). To obtain this information, interviews were conducted with
124 randomly selected contractors from 11 mill group areas in KZN between September
2002 and July 2003. Case studies (concerning institutional issues such as organisational
structures) of contractors, sub-committee members, and development officers were also
conducted in eight mill group areas of KZN between September 2002 and February 2004.
Sample statistics and case study results show that contractors face institutional constraints
(work allocation limitations, lack of performance incentives and high transaction costs,
such as negotiation costs, the risk of losing work and contract default risk), cash flow
problems, poor physical infrastructure and a lack of labour. It is concluded that the
promotion of a more competitive small-scale sugarcane contractor sector will alleviate
many of the problems (such as work allocation limitations) faced by small-scale
contractors, while providing incentives for the provision of higher quality and cheaper
services to small-scale sugarcane growers.
The study also examines the attributes of small-scale sugarcane contractors that affect
their quality of service as perceived by small-scale sugarcane growers (SSGs) within
current institutions. Information is drawn from the same sample survey, although ten
observations from the Umfolozi area are excluded because they were not part of the
sample drawn from population lists. Further interviews were conducted in the same time
period with SSGs for information on contractor service quality (transport and general
service timeliness, meeting of daily ratable delivery requirements, low downtimes, good
staff management, and minimal disagreements on service terms). Results show that
factors affecting a contractor's perceived service quality include gender, training, the
quality of information used (industry focused information sources such as the South
African Sugar Association Experiment Station (SASEX) and the Ingede magazine, or
general sources such as the radio), and sugarcane tonnage transported (size of business).
Being a male contractor and having a larger business positively influence service rating
as perceived by SSGs. The importance of the quality of information used and increased
training levels highlights the need for the continual provision of relevant information and
training for sugarcane contractors by extension services (government, SASEX and
milling companies).
The study also identifies the need for further research on the issue of contractor
machinery costs. In a competitive sector contractors would need to have adequate
information on own costs in order to compare these with contract rates in the market.
Further guidance by extension staff and other industry advisors (e.g. development
officers) in the accessing of adequate finance may also be necessary.
Government has a role in strategising the creation of land markets to promote efficient
use of resources (land), while providing improved rural infrastructure (mainly district
roads). Government also needs to ensure unbiased tribal court rulings, review the
impacts of minimum wage legislation on contractors sourcing labour, and provide
protection for those competing for work.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.