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1
Grootenboer, Peter, and Kevin Larkin. "Middle leading small-scale school projects." International Journal of Educational Management 33, no. 7 (2019): 1733–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-12-2018-0407.
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Purpose The authors argue that middle leaders are the key educators in school-based educational development. Schools often secure small-scale funding to engage in government or systemic initiatives, and these projects require a leadership “close to the classroom” if they are to realise sustainable educational gains. This leadership often comes from the middle leaders – those who practice their leading in and around classrooms. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach A single case study methodology is used to investigate two middle leaders, leading a small-scale project. Their leading practices are examined using the “theory of practice architectures”, to identify how these practices were enacted within their educational context. Findings While principals play a crucial role in enacting change, it is the middle leaders who are closer to the classroom than most principals, and whose practices more directly impact teaching and learning as they are best placed to ensure that meagre resources are well used to improve student learning. They do this by ensuring that development is collegial and a response to evidence-based needs. Practical implications First, middle leaders need support in facilitating educational development. Second, their leading practice is crucial for sustainable school-based development. Third, site-based educational development occurs most effectively when it is evidence-based. Finally, this form of educational development requires high-level collegiality. Originality/value This paper is original in two key ways: first, it addresses the under-researched practices of middle leaders; and, second it employs the practice theory to understand school leadership and development.
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Wentzel Winther, Ida. "To Practice Mobility - On a Small Scale." Culture Unbound 7, no. 2 (2015): 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1572215.
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Children’s perspectives are practically absent in new mobility studies. In this article, I wish to describe and analyse how a number of children handle having to move between homes, parents and siblings, and how they practically, emotionally and socially navigate in this changeable landscape. My aim is to explore mobility as an embodied and emotional practice in which children employ different strategies. I focus on bodily micropractices, routines and coping strategies, the intermediate space that occurs on their continual journeys, and the feeling of being dispensable. It is an ethnographic exploration of how mobile and domestic lives are intertwined – on a small scale.
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Gable, Myron, and Martin T. Topol. "Planning Practices of Small-Scale Retailers." American Journal of Small Business 12, no. 2 (1987): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225878701200202.
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The purpose of the present study is to examine the practice of planning engaged in by small-scale retailers and to determine if the activities of planners can be distinguished from those who do not report the presence of formal planning. In addition, another objective is to determine the impact of planning on performance as measured by both sales and profits. Implications of the results of the study are discussed, and directions for future research are given.
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Bockwinkel, Peggy, and Dîlan Cakir. "Best practice for digitising small-scale Digital Humanities projects." Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries Publications 1, no. 1 (2018): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/dhnbpub.11057.
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Digital Humanities (DH) are growing rapidly; the necessary infrastructure is being built up gradually and slowly. For smaller DH projects, e. g. for testing methods, as a preliminary work for submitting applications or for use in teaching, a corpus often has to be digitised. These small-scale projects make an important contribution to safeguarding and making available cultural heritage, as they make it possible to machine read those resources that are of little or no interest to large projects because they are too special or too limited in scope. They close the gap between large scanning projects of archives, libraries or in connection with research projects and projects that move beyond the canonised paths. Yet, these small projects can fail in this first step of digitisation, because it is often a hurdle for (Digital) Humanists at universities to get the desired texts digitised: either because the digitisation infrastructure in libraries/archives is not available (yet) or it is paid service. Also, researchers are often no digitising experts and a suitable infrastructure at university is missing. In order to promote small DH projects for teaching purposes, a digitising infrastructure was set up at the University of Stuttgart as part of a teaching project. It should enable teachers to digitise smaller corpora autonomously. This article presents a study that was carried out as part of this teaching project. It suggests how to implement best practices and on which aspects of the digitisation workflow need to be given special attention. The target group of this article are (Digital) Humanists who want to digitise a smaller corpus. Even with no expertise in scanning and OCR and no possibility to outsource the digitisation of the project, they still would like to obtain the best possible machine-readable files.
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Freeman, Ross E., and Robert O. Ray. "Landscape ecology practice by small scale river conservation groups." Landscape and Urban Planning 56, no. 3-4 (2001): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(01)00181-5.
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Noreika, Nina, Tailin Li, Julie Winterova, Josef Krasa, and Tomas Dostal. "The Effects of Agricultural Conservation Practices on the Small Water Cycle: From the Farm- to the Management-Scale." Land 11, no. 5 (2022): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050683.
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Reinforcing the small water cycle is considered to be a holistic approach to both water resource and landscape management. In an agricultural landscape, this can be accomplished by incorporating agricultural conservation practices; their incorporation can reduce surface runoff, increase infiltration, and increase the water holding capacity of a soil. Some typical agricultural conservation practices include: conservation tillage, contour farming, residue incorporation, and reducing field sizes; these efforts aim to keep both water and soil in the landscape. The incorporation of such practices has been extensively studied over the last 40 years. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to model two basins in the Czech Republic (one at the farm-scale and a second at the management-scale) to determine the effects of agriculture conservation practice adoption at each scale. We found that at the farm-scale, contour farming was the most effective practice at reinforcing the small water cycle, followed by residue incorporation. At the management-scale, we found that the widespread incorporation of agricultural conservation practices significantly reinforced the small water cycle, but the relative scale and spatial distribution of their incorporation were not reflected in the SWAT scenario analysis. Individual farmers should be incentivized to adopt agricultural conservation practices, as these practices can have great effects at the farm-scale. At the management-scale, the spatial distribution of agricultural conservation practice adoption was not significant in this study, implying that managers should incentivize any adoption of such practices and that the small water cycle would be reinforced regardless.
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Affiah, Eno A., Udom Mina Elsie L, Peter Nwaguru, Nsikan John, and Mercy G, D. Okon. "Product Positioning and Customer Targeting Practices Adopted by Small-Scale Manufacturing Firms in Rivers State, Nigeria." British Journal of Marketing Studies 10, no. 4 (2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjms.2013/vol10n41726.
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The study investigates the role of product positioning and customer targeting practices in small-scale manufacturing firms in Rivers State, Nigeria. 385 small scale manufacturing firms registered with the Nigerian Association of Small Scale Industrialists, Rivers State Chapter constituted the target population. The Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table was used to determine a sample size of 191. A structured questionnaire was designed by the researcher and administered to owners/managers of the SME manufacturing firms and responses analysed using means score and standard deviations to determine which practices are most adopted. Findings indicate that characteristics-based positioning was the most adopted product positioning practice while undifferentiated marketing was the most preferred customer targeting practice. It was concluded that product positioning and customer targeting play significant roles in providing a strategic direction for the small scale manufacturing firms.
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Bradwell, Alan. "Correction for: Little Acorns: small scale research." Library and Information Research 23, no. 73 (2013): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/lirg337.
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The following is the text that should have been
 printed in number 72, pages 27 - 28 in the article
 Little Acorns: small scale research in the
 practice setttng - how employers can foster
 research awareness The Editor apologises for
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Bijlsma, R. M., P. Groenendijk, M. W. Blind, and A. Y. Hoekstra. "Uncertainty analysis at large scales: limitations and subjectivity of current practices - a water quality case study." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 6 (2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.580.
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Uncertainty analysis for large-scale model studies is a challenging activity that requires a different approach to uncertainty analysis at a smaller scale. However, in river basin studies, the practice of uncertainty analysis at a large scale is mostly derived from practice at a small scale. The limitations and inherent subjectivity of some current practices and assumptions are identified, based on the results of a quantitative uncertainty analysis exploring the effects of input data and parameter uncertainty on surface water nutrient concentration. We show that: (i) although the results from small- scale sensitivity analysis are often applied at larger scales, this is not always valid; (ii) the current restriction of the uncertainty assessment to uncertainty types with a strong evidence base gives structurally conservative estimates; (iii) uncertainty due to bias is usually not assessed, but it may easily outweigh the effects of variability; (iv) the uncertainty bandwidth may increase for higher aggregation levels, although the opposite is the standard assumption.
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Bergstrom, D. W., C. M. Monreal, and E. St. Jacques. "Influence of tillage practice on carbon sequestration is scale-dependent." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81, no. 1 (2001): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-017.
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While the influence of management practices on soil organic C (OC) concentration and mass has been evaluated for the surface layer of small plots of homogeneous soils, there are few studies at a scale inclusive of the entire solum and heterogeneous soils. The objective of this study was to test for an interaction between tillage practice [no-till (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT) by chisel-plow] and topography as determinants of OC stocks in the entire solum and layers thereof at a field-scale. Adjacent fields of contrasting tillage practice were stratified by soil series and drainage class for comparison. The effect of tillage practice on OC mass was contingent on slope position and sampling depth, i.e., scale-dependent. There was more OC in the surface layer (0–8 cm) of the A horizon of the NT than the CT field at well-drained upper slope positions, but not at imperfectly drained lower slope positions. At lower slope positions there was more OC in the entire A horizon of the CT than the NT field. Results of small-plot studies with homogeneous soils cannot be extrapolated arbitrarily to larger scales. Rather, assessments at larger scales that encompass heterogeneous soils are required. Key words: Carbon sequestration, soil series, tillage, topography
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Roditi, Kyriakoula, and Dimitris Vafidis. "Net Fisheries’ Métiers in the Eastern Mediterranean: Insights for Small-Scale Fishery Management on Kalymnos Island." Water 11, no. 7 (2019): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071509.
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Small-scale fisheries constitute an important component of coastal human societies. The present study describes the small-scale net fisheries on Kalymnos Island (south-east Aegean Sea) that harbors the largest small-scale fleet in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. In addition, this study aims to evaluate their characteristics and economics. Relevant métiers were identified through a multivariate analysis by inputting the main resources and fishing gear data that were recorded during landings. Four main practices were observed being used as fishing gears, gillnets and trammel nets, targeting the species Mullus barbatus, Boops boops, Mullus surmuletus, Scorpaena porcus, and Sepia officinalis. Further analysis, which incorporated data concerning the type of the gear used, revealed 11 distinct métiers. Most of these métiers are practiced by other Mediterranean small-scale fisheries as well, in terms of target species, gear and seasonality. However, the métier that had its target species as B.boops is not practiced in other Mediterranean small-scale fisheries. The seasonal rotation of métiers was determined by the availability of different species rather than their market price. The results revealed the difference in fishing practice used by the fishermen in the study area compared to other fishing practices in the Mediterranean Sea. In particular, the fishermen of this study area targeted more species (B.boops) with a very low market price. They also provided essential information for the development and implementation of management plans aiming at the sustainability of small-scale fisheries.
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Kõrgmaa, V., M. Kriipsalu, T. Tenno, et al. "Factors affecting SVI in small scale WWTPs." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 9 (2019): 1766–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.177.
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Abstract This paper analyses factors associated with bulking in 195 small scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Estonia. Operational data from each plant were collected and analysed statistically. The key factors associated with bulking were infiltration into sewage pipes, the type and purpose of process reactor, operational practices and influent characteristics. Both anaerobic fraction and volumetric fraction of the anaerobic reactor compared to the aerobic reactor resulted in a positive correlation with sludge volume index (SVI) <150 ml/g values. Good operation and maintenance practice as well as an operator's competence play a crucial role in bulking prevention. Using the 30 minute settling test (V30) as the single process control parameter can mislead an operator's judgement in process control strategies and cause effluent violations. Misjudgements in process control decisions can lead to unwanted conditions in small WWTPs (e.g. excessive chemical addition favoured bulking). Use of instrumentation, control and automation helped to keep the process conditions more stable and reduce the probability of bulking. Analyses of variance showed that the factors associated with Microthrix parvicella growth were long solids retention time (SRT), low food-to-microorganism ratio (F/M) and lack of carbon content compared against nitrogen and phosphorus contents.
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King, Edmund G. C. ""Small-Scale Copyrights"?: Quotation Marks in Theory and in Practice." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 98, no. 1 (2004): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/pbsa.98.1.24295829.
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Carr, Susan, and Charlotte Clarke. "Guiding small-scale evaluation: a critical step in developing practice." Practice Development in Health Care 1, no. 2 (2002): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pdh.69.
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KAWAKITA, Hideto. "Insights From the Practice of Small-scale Multiprofessional Community Governance." JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL MEDICINE 73, no. 6 (2025): 517–20. https://doi.org/10.2185/jjrm.73.517.
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Apaloo, Sidney, and Dzah Bright. "The Effect of Risk Management Practices on Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises." Enterprise Risk Management 7, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/erm.v7i1.19287.
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The main objective of the research is to examine the effect of risk management practices on performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs). The convenience sampling method was used for the study. The study used a sample size of 285 small and medium scale enterprise businesses for the analysis. The study used primary data obtained through questionnaire administration which was analysed using SPSS 25 and Microsoft Excel 2019. The study used both descriptive and inference analysis to analyse the data. According to the findings, low educational level of respondents helped to conclude that risk management is not widely practiced in SME businesses. Risk management practices are not well practiced in SME business because the SME owners possess low level of knowledge in the areas of identifying, assessing, treating and monitoring key operational risks. The positive relationship between risk management practices and performance is indicative that the proper practice of risk management by SME managers or owners influences performance. The significant relationship between the dependent variable (performance) and independent (risk management practices) provided the conclusion that, the more SME businesses improve on their risk management, the more they improve upon their performance. The study recommends an improvement in risk management knowledge for SME business owners and managers. The government should take adequate steps to provide risk management support for SMEs sectors. The study recommends SME businesses to put in place systems that enable the documentation of the business operations.
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Wei, Yuxue. "Practice of Small and Medium UAV in Large Scale Topographic Map." Journal of Smart Cities 5, no. 1 (2020): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26789/jsc.2020.01.003.
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As a basic surveying and mapping work, small uav has been widely used in large scale topographic mapping. According to the needs of production and construction, digital mapping methods and aerial photogrammetry are used to provide technical support for large scale topographic mapping in engineering construction surveying and mapping, urban planning and construction, cadastral surveying and other directions. In order to control the small uav in the terrain elevation information, mapping proportion accuracy and other aspects to get better improvement, the practice of small uav in large scale topographic map is deeply analyzed, in order to understand the practical application value of small uav in large scale topographic map.
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Rufo, Boniface Munene, Christine W. Njuguna, and Samuel Muigai Muiruri. "Enhancing Household Livelihood Outcomes through Resilient Agri-Food Systems among Small-scale farmers in Kitui County, Kenya." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (2022): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.5.1.705.
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The practice of resilient agri-food systems, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, is considered key to attaining sustainable livelihoods. Changes in climatic conditions have forced small-scale farmers to develop adaptive capacities related to food security. This study was done in Nguni ward Kitui County involving 246 small-scale farmers, two focus groups discussion, and four key informants. The sampled participants had practiced resilient agri-food systems for the last five years from the time of data collection. A gender dynamic was established after 71.5% of the respondents were found to be female and 28.5% male. More females practiced resilient agri-food systems but did not own productive assets like land. A statistically significant relationship between resilient agri-food systems and household livelihood outcomes was determined where the probability value was less at a 95% confidence level (0.01<0.05). Further analysis showed a positive association between household income and sex χ2=9.551 where p (0.008) was less than 0.05. In conclusion, resilient agri-food systems practices such as conservation agriculture positively influence the household livelihood outcomes like diversification of livelihoods, reduced prevalence of human, crop, and livestock diseases, and improved ability to cope with shocks and trends. The study recommends the provision of incentives, insurance, and social safety nets to encourage small-scale farmers to practice resilient agri-food systems.
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Hutton, Jeremy M. "Upon the Roof of the Temple: Reconstructing Cognitive Aspects of Ancient Levantine Small-Scale Altar Usage." Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 22, no. 2 (2023): 161–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341331.
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Abstract Among the ritual practices denigrated through explicit or implicit criticism levied by the biblical writers is the worship of a deity or deities on the rooftops – sometimes of royal architecture, and at other times on private houses. In the present study I interpret this practice using concepts derived from the cognitive science of religion (CSR) and cognitive linguistics. I summarize previous typologies of objects employed in the sacrificial cult of the ancient Southern Levant, confirming prior arguments for understanding shaft-type limestone altars as stylized models of architectural precursors. From a cognitive perspective, these stylized architectural models prompted offrants to run a conceptual blend that replaced the modest small-scale vegetable or incense offering of the offrant’s small-scale input space with the more sumptuous small-scale offering – or even large-scale animal sacrifice – of the monumental-scale input. This cognitive explanation provides explanation for Deuteronomistic and Priestly attempts to limit the practice, and occasions insight into the temporal aspects of “sacred space.”
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., M. M. Hossain, M. M. Hossain ., M. M. Rashid ., M. Asaduzzaman ., and M. M. Rahman . "Small Scale Dairy Farming Practice in a Selective Area of Bangladesh." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 4, no. 4 (2005): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2005.215.221.
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Sorokina, G. P., D. A. Boronnikov, and A. V. Zakharov. "Student small-scale enterprises on the basis of University." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 2, no. 2 (2008): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69757.
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The article is devoted to formation of Student's marketing agency within frames of university. It allows to fix the knowledge received on theoretical rates of studied disciplines in practice. In addition it also carries out other functional loadings.
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Musah, Alhassan, Erasmus Dodzi Gakpetor, and Portia Pomaa. "Financial Management Practices, Firm Growth and Profitability of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs)." Information Management and Business Review 10, no. 3 (2018): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v10i3.2461.
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The study examined financial management practices using four components: working capital management practices, capital structure management, accounting information and financial reporting practice, and the use of capital budgeting techniques and fixed assets management. Performance of SMEs was examined from the context of profitability measured by Return on Assets and of growth. The study sampled 100 SMEs from Accra with data collected through the administration of a questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that working capital management practices had the highest mean score, followed by accounting information and financial reporting practices, capital structure management and finally, the use of capital budgeting techniques and fixed assets management, in that order. The Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive association between the four components of financial management practices and between SMEs profitability and growth. The results emphasize the need for SMEs to improve on their financial management practice to improve the profitability and growth of these firms. It is recommended that the use of capital budgeting techniques be improved, as this area of financial management, even though it impacts positively on the performance of SMEs had the least score. Most importantly, the managers of SMEs should use discounted cash flow techniques to evaluate investment and projects before committing the resources of the company. SMEs are encouraged to adopt IFRS for SMEs to enhance their financial reporting practices. This will also improve their decision making and access to capital which will allow these SMEs to expand.
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Khan, Sikandar Hayat. "SETTING UP TELE HEALTH FACILITIES AT PERIPHERAL SMALL-SCALE HEALTHCARE SET UPS." PAFMJ 71, no. 2 (2021): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i2.3633.
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Conventional medicine with direct patient-medic suffers stagnation and may become redundant without any innovative oxygen of ideas. Current healthcare practices will ultimately need newer gateways for evolution, more cost-effective medical businesses and evidence-based healthcare at doorsteps. Though promising, the practice may face additional kick starts for changing patient-physician approach, infrastructural development, ethical and regulatory guidelines to help pave the way forward. In the opinion of author the successful deployment of “Tele-Health” will economize finances, patient referrals, physician/paramedical move to casualty site, improve clinical decisions, quality healthcare provision at country‟s periphery, and can dawn upon new learning avenues by distant learning programs.
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Presenza, Angelo, Tindara Abbate, Marta Meleddu, and Fabrizio Cesaroni. "Small- and medium-scale Italian winemaking companies facing the open innovation challenge." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 35, no. 3 (2016): 327–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242616664798.
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This article examines the impact of open innovation (OI) practices on the innovation activity of low-tech small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Different external knowledge sources are considered, and the ability of SMEs to acquire and integrate external knowledge into their organizational boundaries for innovation purposes is assessed. The research draws on a sample of 191 Italian winemakers. The results show that SMEs with higher propensity to access and use external knowledge sources show a greater ability to innovate and that their absorptive capacity impacts the use of external sources. Several implications for theory and practice are drawn, underlining a number of suggestions for future research.
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Bhenkatesh, Padhan. "Strategies to Reduce Feed Cost in Small Scale Aquaculture." Science World a monthly e magazine 2, no. 4 (2022): 366–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6423874.
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Feed cost for small scale aquaculture is a major constraint. In a typical small scale aquaculture practice, aquafeed costs contribute around 60-80% of total production cost. Rising aquafeed cost has emerged as a bottleneck for small-scale aquaculture farmers, as they are having limited resources. Adopting appropriate feed management strategies is instrumental in ensuring that feed use is optimized and that the highest economic returns are available to the farmer of small-scale aquaculture.
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Mramba, R. P., and J. I. Massawe. "Prevalence and management factors associated with gastro-intestinal parasites of pigs among small-scale farmers." Ghanaian Journal of Animal Science 15, no. 1 (2024): 104–14. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjansci.v15i1.11.
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The study determined the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in pigs and their association with management practices in Dodoma urban district, Tanzania. Two hundred and sixteen (216) pigs were selected randomly from the district for faecal sample collection. The faecal samples were analysed in the laboratory through faecal flotation and sedimentation methods. A structured questionnaire was administered to the owners of the pigs to gather information about management practices. The groups of parasites identified and their prevalence were Oesophagostomum spp. (46%), Strongyloides ransomi (44%), Ascaris suum (36%), and Trichuris suis (18%). The odds of a pig being infested with Strongyloides ransomi was higher where the pig pen was cleaned once per week compared to where it was cleaned every day or twice per week. On the other hand, the odds of a pig being infested with Oesophagostomum spp. was lower where pigs were fed processed feed compared to leftovers. The study shows that deworming is an important management practice to control gastro-intestinal parasites in pigs, as the odds of a pig being infested by all parasite species was lower where deworming was practiced. Farmers should be educated on the importance of deworming and hygienic conditions in pig production
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Vanishree Sah, P., N. N. S. S. S. Adithya, K. T. Padma Priya, and D. Indira. "Upscaling Lithium-ion Batteries for Small Scale Applications." E3S Web of Conferences 619 (2025): 01002. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202561901002.
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Electricity is a necessity, and batteries are a common way to store and use energy. Different types of batteries such as lithium-ion are used in devices such as laptops and power banks. However, when the battery management system fails, the whole battery pack is often discarded, contributing to waste problems. This paper proposes a solution to reuse these discarded batteries for products like emergency lights and power banks while following safety standards. This practice is common in developed countries but less understood in developing nations like India. This approach can help address electricity shortage in Indian households without having to worry about access to grid electricity.
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Diez, Erik. "Managing A Veterinary Practice: A Guide To Organizational Culture In Veterinary Practice." International Journal of Applied Research in Business and Management 1, no. 1 (2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51137/ijarbm.2020.1.1.2.
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The veterinary profession in Germany is undergoing a fundamental change. While the number of small practices is decreasing, the number of larger group, partnership or corporate practices is increasing. This makes competition among veterinarians even greater. But not only the market itself is changing. The humanization of pets, digitalization, and management and marketing practices/services are important factors that must be taken into account when preparing the practice for the future. The problem that arises from this is the lack of skills among graduates and veterinarians in management and business. While corporate culture models are a foundation for large companies, the veterinary profession, especially on a small scale, lacks these fundamental structural elements.
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Martinov, A. O., Yu V. Beliaev, B. I. Beliaev, A. V. Chumakov, and A. V. Damaratski. "The Small-Scale Satellite Modular Hyperspectrometer." Devices and Methods of Measurements 10, no. 1 (2019): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-1-32-41.
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Recently in the world practice of aerospace monitoring of the Earth there has been an increasingly active using of methods and devices of hyperspectral imaging. Thus creation of systems designed for recording hyperspectral data and methods for their processing is an actual task for remote sensing of the Earth. The aim of the article was to develop and create a small-sized satellite modular hyperspectrometer in visible and near infrared range, designed to receive information on remote sensing of the Earth in order to constantly update data about state of natural environment and infrastructure objects using videospectral methods with the possibility of comprehensive study of both spectral and spatial characteristics of the observed objects.A small-scale satellite modular hyperspectrometer has been developed. The distinctive features of the equipment include high spectral resolution and small dimensions. A hyperspectrometer includes two main modules: an optical module and an electronics one. The design feature of the optical module is the use of a concave holographic diffraction grating in a polychromator. The electronics module is based on a single board computer. Their description and design features, a scheme for the formation of a hypercube and software for its further processing are presented in the paper. The developed hardware (test equipment, a space experiment simulator and a spatial scanning system) for efficiency testing is presented also, as well as test measurements ware conducted. It is worth noting the extremely small dimensions for this class of devices in comparison with analogues as well as the vibration resistance of the equipment.
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Van Dam, Peter, and Amber Striekwold. "Small is Unsustainable?" BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 137, no. 4 (2022): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51769/bmgn-lchr.11688.
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This article analyses how the alternative food movement in the Low Countries successfully promoted the ideal of small-scale production and consumption since the 1970s. This history highlights an interpretation of sustainability which addressed global problems by a return to the local. Operating on a small scale enabled the alternative food movement to bridge the gap between social and environmental concerns. Although alternative food remained marginal within the quickly expanding agricultural sector of both Belgium and the Netherlands, the movement enlarged its reach through eco-labels and cooperation with large retail chains. As a result, small-scale practices could not be maintained. In the Netherlands, the alternative food movement subsequently emphasised the environment, whereas the social dimension was more pronounced in Belgium. Small-scale production and consumption became firmly entrenched as ideals, but, in practice, the balance between social, environmental, and economic concerns that activists had hoped for, moved out of reach. Dit artikel analyseert hoe de alternatieve voedselbeweging in de Lage Landen succesvol het ideaal van kleinschalige productie en consumptie op de kaart zette sinds de jaren zeventig van de vorige eeuw. Het artikel gaat dieper in op een variant van duurzaamheid waarin mondiale problemen werden geadresseerd door een terugkeer naar het lokale. Kleinschaligheid bood de alternatieve voedselbeweging een kans om ecologische en sociale bekommernissen te verbinden. Hoewel alternatieve voeding marginaal bleef in de snel intensiverende landbouwsector in België en Nederland, vergrootte de alternatieve voedselbeweging haar bereik door middel van eco-keurmerken en samenwerkingen met grote winkelketens. Hierdoor kwam kleinschaligheid echter onder druk te staan. Terwijl de beweging in Nederland het milieu vooropstelde, lag in België meer nadruk op het sociale belang van lokale productie. Hoewel kleinschaligheid als ideaal stevig verankerd bleef, raakte de verhoopte balans tussen aandacht voor het milieu, sociale verhoudingen en economische belangen in de praktijk buiten bereik.
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von Rueden, Christopher, and Mark van Vugt. "Leadership in small-scale societies: Some implications for theory, research, and practice." Leadership Quarterly 26, no. 6 (2015): 978–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.10.004.
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Hollaway, John. "Lessons from Zimbabwe for best practice for small‐ and medium‐scale mines." Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report 15, no. 1 (2000): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14041040009362547.
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Ojha, Hemant. "Innovative forestry: a synthesis of small-scale forest management practice from Nepal." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 2, no. 1 (2024): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v2i1.59688.
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This guidebook has been published at a time when there is a widespread recognition in Nepal that community forests are not beingactively managed to realize their full potential. Whilst there are both institutional and technical solutions to this problem, the guidebook has clearly spelled out its position in addressing the technical issues of forest management in a way field workers can really understand and articulate while working with forest user groups.
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Safo-Ankama, Kweku, Naa Omai Sawyerr, and Cynthia Agyeiwaa Kusi. "ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: FROM TRASH TO FASHION ADORNMENT - GREEN INNOVATION POSSIBILITIES." Detritus, no. 31 (June 23, 2025): 29–44. https://doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2025.19495.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the crafting of fashionable accessories from waste fabric. This aims to equip small scale garment manufacturers with the potential of transforming their waste into valuable fashion adornment. It is based on findings reveled in relation to waste generated by Ghanaian small scale fashion industries and manufacturers and their waste disposal practices. The green innovation and green practice possibilities were adopted to create environmentally sustainable fashion product giving new life to fabric waste. In achieving this objective, the practice-based-research was employed for the study, this afforded the researchers a practical approach to help create value added green artistic products. The concept of material collaborations was also adopted. The main material that was used for the projects was scraps from African prints. These scraps are pieces of African prints off cuts that are found at garment manufacturers shops. The findings from the studio practice revealed that the fabric off cuts depending on their colour and sizes can be fabricated into green innovated fashion adornments. It was also brought to bear that the supposed trash from the small-scale garment industries could be given new life by transforming them into brooches, flower bouquet, flower accents and other possibilities. The success of the study provides numerous opportunities for small scale garment manufacturers to explore fabric waste materials found on their workshop floor, intend to reduce the amount of waste in the environment.
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Seitz, Holli H., and Jesse G. Grady. "Measuring veterinary client preferences for autonomy and information when making medical decisions for their pets." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 259, no. 12 (2021): 1471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.19.12.0630.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE To adapt the 3 scales of the Autonomy Preference Index to veterinary medicine and validate the 3 new scales to measure pet owner preferences for autonomy and information when making medical decisions for their pets. SAMPLE 10 small-animal veterinarians and 10 small-animal clients at a veterinary school–based community practice (pilot study) and 311 small-animal clients of the practice (validation study), of which 47 participated in a follow-up survey. PROCEDURES Wording of items in the Autonomy Preference Index was adapted, and instrument wording was finalized on the basis of feedback obtained in the pilot study to create 3 scales: the Veterinary General Decision-Making Preferences Scale (VGDMPS), Veterinary Clinical Decision-Making Preferences Scale (VCDMPS), and Veterinary Information-Seeking Preferences Scale (VISPS). The 3 scales were then validated by means of administering them to small-animal clients in a clinical setting. RESULTS The 3 scales had acceptable reliability and validity, but clients expressed concern over item wording in the VGDMPS during the pilot study. Overall, results showed that clients had a very high preference for information (mean ± SD VISPS score, 4.78 ± 0.36 on a scale from 1 to 5). Preferences for autonomy varied, but mean values reflected a low-to-moderate desire for autonomy in clinical decision-making (mean ± SD VCDMPS score, 2.04 ± 0.62 on a scale from 1 to 5). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The VCDMPS was a reliable and valid instrument for measuring client preferences for autonomy in clinical decision-making. Veterinarians could potentially use this instrument to better understand pet owner preferences and tailor their communication approach accordingly.
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Majumder, Soumya, Diksha Gurung, Sahadeb Sarkar, et al. "The Success of the Small Tea Growers of Sittong Evolving Rural Darjeeling into a Model Small-Scale Organic Tea Cultivation Center." Rural Sustainability Research 52, no. 347 (2024): 78–94. https://doi.org/10.2478/plua-2024-0016.
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Abstract The present study was focused on organic small tea plantations of Sittong (a village in Darjeeling) mainly due to their sudden rise in the Indian tea industry with a striking tactic i.e., organic tea cultivation. This cumulative survey and laboratorial experiments-based research focuses on the agricultural conversion in Sittong where farmers started to shift from vegetable and grain cultivation to small tea gardens. Soil physicochemical (pH and electric conductivity; organic carbon; organic matter; and available nitrogen content) and microbiological (determination of microbial cell mass and isolation of consortia; antibiotic and antifungal susceptibility test) characteristics were considered to assess the viability of this shifting agriculture practice and cross-verify the reflections of organic farming practices. The survey revealed that farmers have cultivated and rehabilitated the land in an acceptable manner before planting; they carried out the soil nutrient management practices organically. Survey also revealed economic perspectives including prices of their harvested tea leaves. Further, the moisture content analysis revealed its adequacy in the tea garden soils. Organic matter, organic carbon and available nitrogen were measured that reflected very high results compared to the optimum values suggested by the Tea Board of India. Microbial analysis results, as a cross-verifying tool, affirmed their organic farming practice by revealing microbes’ susceptible nature towards antibiotics and antifungals. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that the small tea growers in Sittong-3 are well-positioned to produce a high-quality of organic tea. Sittong was found to have potential to promote the rural areas of Darjeeling into an ideal place for small-scale organic tea cultivation, while also serving as an inspiration for small tea growers across the country.
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Wang, Weikang, and Guifang Xue. "Revisiting Traditional Fishing Rights: Sustainable Fishing in the Historic and Legal Context." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (2023): 12448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612448.
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Poor fishing practices and overfishing are now imperiling livelihoods on small-scale fishing. Traditional fishing rights as one of the legal guarantees for small-scale artisanal fishers under SDG 14 may be abused in various maritime zones, which is precisely because such rights are not well-reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), leading to uncertainty between theories and practice. In order to better implement SDG 14 and its targets for sustainable fishing, this paper examines the practical meaning of traditional fishing rights through tracing back the origins, nature and legal elements of such fishing rights by jurisprudence and state practice, and it differentiates its distinctions between ‘historic rights’. Based on this, the paper analyzes the application of these fishing rights in different maritime zones and suggests sustainable ways of making a balance between the jurisprudence and practice for a healthy ocean.
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Abdullah, Maznah, Hasnun Anip Bustaman, Nor Halida Haziaton Mohd Noor, Wan Yusrol Rizal Wan Yusof, Siti Maziah Ab. Rahman, and Nik Rozhan Nik Ismail. "ARE SMALL-SCALE INNOVATIONS BY PARALLEL TEAMS CAPABLE OF ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIAN MANAGERS." Advanced International Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship and SMEs 6, no. 21 (2024): 52–64. https://doi.org/10.35631/aijbes.621004.
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Parallel teams such as quality circles have been practiced by many organizations over the past decades to improve their operational performance. The practice, however, does not always produce a desirable result in all organizations. While many organizations from over the world have reported success stories on the practice of parallel team, significant numbers of organizations in Britain and Mexico have disengaged with the practice. Nevertheless, China and Malaysia are still actively endorsing the adoption of parallel team for productivity in various industries. Although the positive impacts of small-scale innovation by parallel teams on operational performance are already clear, its impact on the performance at the organizational level is still vague. To confirm this, 188 managers from 33 Malaysian organizations that actively practicing parallel team for operational performance were involved in the questionnaire-based survey. The results from regression analyses show that the Malaysian managers have a significant belief that innovations by parallel team indeed capable of enhancing performance not only at the operational level, but also to the organizational level.
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Waddington, Kathryn, and Maria Erbmann. "The influence of music on black, Asian and minority ethnic women working in the field of domestic violence and abuse: critical reflection on music as method." International Practice Development Journal 11, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19043/ipdj.111.010.
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Background: Arts-based research practices draw upon music, visual art, poetry and other media as methodological tools throughout the research process. There is also growing recognition of the contribution of arts-based practices, including music as method, to interdisciplinary fields of health, social sciences, humanities and education. Research into: i) the role of music as a therapeutic intervention; and ii) the use of creative approaches to practice development are clearly evident in the literature. What is less evident is the role of music as method. This article is a critical reflection on the novel use of music recordings during qualitative interviews in a small-scale study exploring the role of music in the work and lives of black, Asian and minority ethnic women working in a UK domestic violence and abuse charity. Aim: To describe a critical reflection on music as method in a small-scale qualitative research study. Implications for practice: Music has potential as a model and method in qualitative health and social care research practice, particularly with sensitive topics such as drug misuse or homelessness Music is a means of developing compassion and critically reflective practice development in the field of domestic violence and abuse and other areas of practice
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Glover, Dominic. "Farming as a performance: a conceptual and methodological contribution to the ecology of practices." Journal of Political Ecology 25, no. 1 (2018): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v25i1.22390.
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In two widely cited articles, the first of which was published almost 30 years ago, the anthropologist Paul Richards described the situated practices of small-scale farmers as a type of performance, akin to a musical or theatrical performance (1989, 1993). This definition, applied specifically to small-scale and subsistence agriculture, has a powerful appeal for good reasons. This article examines performance as a conceptual framework and tool for studying small-scale farming practice and technological change. Taking the comparison with musical or theatrical endeavour seriously, the article explores the dynamics of performance by individuals and groups; considers alternative ways of conceiving the 'stage' and the 'audience'; and examines the nature of the performers' skills and competence, through an elaboration of key concepts such as practice, rehearsal, repertoire and improvisation. The article also discusses the important implications of a performance being situated in a particular time and place, shaped by its surrounding socio-cultural and ecological context and conditioned by uncertainty. The article proposes that ethnographic or technographic methods are appropriate for studying performance, and considers the ethical responsibilities of the researcher when intervening in a performance from its outside. The argument is framed as a contribution to political ecology, especially an ecology of practices.Key words: Performance, farming, practice, skill, technography
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Gambo, Nuru, Ilias Said, and Radzi Ismail. "Comparing the levels of performance of small scale local government contractors in Northern Nigeria with international practice." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 23, no. 5 (2016): 588–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-12-2014-0155.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance levels of small scale local government contractors (SSLGCs) in northern part of Nigeria with international practice. Previous studies focused attention primarily on benchmarking the performance of contractors, but were mostly conceptual rather than from empirical findings. This continuous to pose a challenge to the sustainable development of the construction industry, particularly, in developing countries like Nigeria. There is therefore a need to identify, assess and compare performance practice levels of small scale contractors. Design/methodology/approach The performance of each contractor was evaluated using a five-point Likert scale used in obtaining mean performance levels in respect to three classes of performance practices. A questionnaire survey was administered to major parties in the industry; clients, contractors and consultants who were selected by using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The contractors’ performance was compared by using ANOVA with post hoc. Findings The results indicated that the SSLGCs in Nigeria were average performers and there were effects and differences among the various contractors’ levels of performance with international practice. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to SSLGCs in northern part of Nigeria. Practical implications The study provided the criteria for evaluation of SSLGCs’ performance in Nigeria and other developing countries that faced similar problems. Social implications The study created bases for self-evaluation and competition among small scale contractors in Nigeria for the enhancement of productivity particularly in rural areas and general national development. Originality/value This study emanated from the governmental reports and past researches in the area of performance management on the persistence of the poor performance of small scale contractors in construction industry.
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Steagall, Paulo V., and Beatriz P. Monteiro. "Acute pain in cats: Recent advances in clinical assessment." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 1 (2018): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18808103.
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Practical relevance: Pain assessment has gained much attention in recent years as a means of improving pain management and treatment standards. It has become an elemental part of feline practice with ultimate benefit to feline health and welfare. Currently pain assessment involves mostly the investigation of sensory-discriminative (intensity, location and duration) and affective-motivational (emotional) domains of pain. Specific behaviors associated with acute pain have been identified and constitute the basis for its assessment in cats. Recent advances: The publication of pain scales with reported validation – the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale and the Glasgow feline composite measure pain scale – and species-specific studies have advanced our knowledge on the subject. Facial expressions have also been shown to be different between painful and non-painful cats, and very recently the Feline Grimace Scale has been validated as a tool for acute pain assessment. Clinical challenges: Despite recent advances, several challenges still exist. For instance, the effects of disease and sedation on pain scoring/ assessment are unknown. Also, specific painful conditions (eg, dental pain) have not been systematically investigated. The development and validation of instruments for pain assessment by cat owners is warranted, as these tools are currently lacking. Aims: This article reviews the use, advantages, disadvantages and limitations of the two validated pain scales, and presents a practical, stepwise approach to feline pain recognition and assessment using a dynamic and interactive process. The authors also offer perspectives regarding current challenges and future directions.
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Afata, Tariku Neme, Seblework Mekonen, Miftahe Shekelifa, and Gudina Terefe Tucho. "Prevalence of Pesticide Use and Occupational Exposure Among Small-Scale Farmers in Western Ethiopia." Environmental Health Insights 16 (January 2022): 117863022110729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302211072950.
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Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of pesticide use and its occupational exposure among small-scale farmers in the Kellem Wellega Zone of western Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design using a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 249 small-scale farmers’ households through face-to-face interviews. Statistical analysis such as descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis was applied, and a P-value <.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of pesticide use was 87.15%. About 44.2%, 40.2%, and 43.8% of the study participants were classified as having poor knowledge, poor practice, and negative attitude toward pesticide use, respectively. Thus, small-scale farmers whose age was greater than 40 years were 7.87 times more likely to be exposed to skin irritation than those whose age was less than 20 years (AOR = 7.87; 95% CI: 1.75-35.45) and skin contact (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15-0.91). Most farmers who were directly involved in agriculture were 2.22 times more likely to be exposed to the inhalation of pesticide chemicals than those involved in another activity (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.14-4.33). Based on educational level, small-scale farmers who have a primary school and above were 81% less likely to inhale pesticide chemicals than those who did not have formal education (AOR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.09-0.41). Furthermore, low-income small-scale farmers were 2.62 times more likely to be exposed to coughing (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.25-5.51) than high-income participants. Furthermore, farmers with good knowledge were 1.79 times more likely to be exposed to skin irritation than those with poor knowledge (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.0-3.17). Farmers with poor practice were 1.85 times more likely to show coughing symptoms than those with good practice (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.08-3.2), and farmers with good practice were 48% less likely to be exposed to headache than those with poor practice (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.31-0.88). Conclusions: This study shows that small-scale farmers were exposed to pesticides through coughing, headache, skin irritation, inhalation, and skin contact. Low level of knowledge, poor practice, job, low income, older age, and educational level.
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Idris, N. A. M., and Z. Zulkifli. "Knowledge, attitude and practices of smart farming technology for small scale farmers in paddy production: A case study in Melaka." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1397, no. 1 (2024): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1397/1/012032.
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Abstract Rice production improvement is determined by several factors, including the farmers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice towards technology. Production increases in quantity and quality when technology is used instead of traditional methods. Thus, this study aims to assess the level of farmers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of smart farming technologies on paddy farmers agricultural practices. A modified KAP questionnaire was adapted and tailored to interview 110 respondents. The respondents are 100% males. 54.5% of respondents are between 46 to 60 years old, and only 47.3% respondents have completed their secondary level education. From the finding, only 11.8% can demonstrate and sharing about smart farming, which indicates the knowledge mastery of smart farming among the farmers is still low. However, in terms of attitude, 50% show a deep interest and are willing to learn more. Lastly, finding on practice shows that 16.8% of the respondents have utilized drones as their farming tool whereas 1.8% have used other technological tools. These numbers further substantiate the earlier finding on the farmers’ low level of knowledge on smart farming. For correlation analysis, there is a positive and significant correlation between Knowledge and Attitude scores (r = 0.626, p < 0.001) and between Knowledge and Practice (r = 0.792). Similarly, Practice score and Attitude score are positively and significantly correlated (r=0.570, p<0.001), indicating the importance of attitudes in shaping farming practices. Farmers in Melaka district have mixed understanding of smart farming technologies but are positive about learning and applying them. They express interest in government programs and a community-driven approach to knowledge sharing.
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Ethelbert, Oyeagu Chika, Iwuchukwu Juliana Chinasa, Falowo Andrew Bamidele, et al. "Assessment of Turkey Farming Management Practices by Small-Scale Rural Farmers in Eastern Nigeria." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 12, no. 1 (2022): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5005.v12i1.4428.
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A survey of rural turkey farmers was conducted in three villages in the Eastern part of Nigeria, namely: Amukwa, Amaeze and Nguru. The aim of the study was to assess the prevailing management and production practices of turkey farmers in the area. Information obtained included flock size, reasons for keeping birds, breeding and management practices among others. The multi-stage random sampling method was used to collect information from 180 respondents. Results obtained revealed variability in response among flock sizes (1–20), with most (90%) respondents being part-time farmers. Mean scores, in terms of the level of adoption of standard management practices by turkey farmers, were given as cleaning and disinfection of pen before restocking ( x= 4.60), removal of droppings (x = 4.57), and changing and replacement of litters ( x= 4.4). Beak trimming ( x= 1.27) was the lowest-ranked farm practice by farmers. It was concluded that the management practices and production of turkey in the study area are below standard when compared to those in developed societies. Adequate support for farmers in terms of finance and regular training, among others, by relevant agencies including the government may help improve the production of turkey in the area.
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Ade, Ibiwoye, Mojekwu Joseph, and Dansu Francis. "Enterprise Risk Management Practices and Survival of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria." Studies in Business and Economics 15, no. 1 (2020): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2020-0007.
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AbstractThe survival rate of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) have been found to be low despite all the effort made by the government to sustain their existence. This seems to be linked to the poor management of various risk factors confronting the operators of the sector in Nigeria. In view of this, the study is aimed at determining the influence of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) practices on survival of SMEs in Lagos State. With the application of cross-sectional survey technique, a sample of 400 operators was selected among SMEs across Lagos State. Data which were generated through structured questionnaires were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Results indicate that ERM practices significantly influence the survival of SMEs in Lagos State. Based on the findings, it was recommended that SMEs owners should take ERM practices as a valuable business function that enhances survival. Also, government should continue to sensitise SMEs on the benefits of ERM and put in place mandatory ERM guidelines to compel SMEs to practice it.
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Christophersen, Axel. "High-Definition Archaeology, Small-Scale Narratives, and Monetary Practice in Medieval Scandinavian Urbanization." Journal of Urban Archaeology 6 (July 2022): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.jua.5.131731.
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Saunders, Lesley. "The challenges of small-scale evaluation in a foreign country: reflections on practice." Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability 22, no. 3 (2010): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11092-010-9101-3.
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Tolossa, Tasisa Temesgen. "Assessment of the Role of Small-Scale Irrigation Practice on House Hold Food Security in Haramaya District, Eastern Haraghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 4 (2020): 990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i4.990-995.3258.
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However, irrigation practice is poor in Ethiopia, increases agricultural production and productivity. The study was conducted in Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia. The object of this study is to see contribution of small scale irrigation towards increasing agricultural production, and identify the factors that affecting the use of small scale irrigation. From the district, three peasant associations were purposively selected each from different agro ecological classifications. Sampling size of 116 households was interviewed and Secondary data were also collected from the office. Three different types of irrigation were identified; Surface irrigation type using furrow method of irrigation is the most common irrigation type in the study area, which accounts about 66.5%. The study indicated that, water scarcity, lack improved seed, and disease outbreak and drought were among the major constraints of irrigation practices in the study area. Therefore practicing water harvesting and supplying improved technologies provide extended service regularly for farmers should be practiced in the future.
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Debnath, Partho Pratim, Pochara Prukbenjakul, Melba G. Bondad-Reantaso, Charles R. Tyler, and Channarong Rodkhum. "Factors Influencing Disease Dynamics in Small-Scale Carp Polyculture in Bangladesh." Animals 14, no. 6 (2024): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14060966.
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Small-scale carp polyculture plays a key role in food supply in Bangladesh. However, factors including water pollution, limited infrastructure, and inadequate disease management hinder its sustainability. This paper reports on a survey of 231 farmers across the six major carp producing regions in Bangladesh, analyzing factors including farmers’ social aspects, farm characteristics, information on disease and approaches adopted to combat them, and biosecurity practices. Almost half (46.8%) of the farms surveyed experienced disease in carp species, with clear regional variations. Eighty-four percent of farms reported carp mortalities during disease outbreaks, with an average mortality level of 10.23 ± 11.81%. Clinical signs during outbreaks lasted between a week and a month, with a peak in disease outbreaks occurring in two seasonal periods between June and July and October and December. Disease incidence was related to a range of factors including the farmer’s experience, ponds/farm type, stocked species, and biosecurity practice. A combination of disinfecting measures during pond preparation and measures during stocking, including discarding fingerling transport water away from the farm, fingerling disinfection, and checking the health of fingerlings before stocking, significantly reduced disease occurrence. Treatments involving antibiotics, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and azithromycin were reported as ineffective, raising concerns about their non-prudent use, inadequate dosing (perhaps without appropriate veterinary guidance), and the potential for driving antimicrobial resistance in the environment. The research unveils a concerning pattern of high disease incidence across small-scale carp farms in Bangladesh, and the significant potential for disease spread highlights the need for responsible disposal practices. The study emphasizes the need for improving training and awareness programs for addressing biosecurity and disease management challenges, ensuring sustainable aquaculture and community well-being.