Relevant bibliographies by topics / Small Tonga

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Small Tonga'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 December 2022
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Small Tonga"

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Xu, Jingyuan, Dan Li, Zhixuan Bai, Mengchu Tao, and Jianchun Bian. "Large Amounts of Water Vapor Were Injected into the Stratosphere by the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai Volcano Eruption." Atmosphere 13, no. 6 (June 4, 2022): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060912.

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The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (Tonga) injected only small amount of SO2 into the stratosphere, while our analyses of the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements show that a massive amount of water vapor was directly injected into the stratosphere by the Tonga eruption, which is probably due to its submarine volcanic activity. The Tonga eruption injected a total amount of 139 ± 8 Tg of water vapor into the stratosphere and resulted in an increase of 8.9 ± 0.5% in the global stratospheric water vapor. Analyses also show that the uppermost altitude impacted by Tonga reached the 1 hPa level (~47.6 km). Additionally, the maximum hydration region for increased water vapor is at 38–17 hPa (~22.2–27 km), where the water vapor mixing ratio increased by 6–8 ppmv during the three months after the Tonga eruption. The enhanced stratospheric water vapor has great potential to influence the global radiation budget as well as ozone loss.
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MARINOV, MILEN, and THOMAS DONNELLY. "Teinobasis fatakula sp. nov. (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae), found on ‘Eua Island, Kingdom of Tonga." Zootaxa 3609, no. 6 (February 4, 2013): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3609.6.4.

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A recent study of the 'Eua Island in the Kingdom of Tonga has yielded a small Odonata fauna including the new species Teinobasis fatakula (Holotype ♂: Kingdom of Tonga, ‘Eua Island, 21.3781o S, 174.9346o W, elevation 175 m; 14 July 2012, M. Marinov leg.). Because 'Eua has aquatic habitats unique within the Kingdom of Tonga, the new species is very likely endemic to that island and represents an extension of the verified range of the genus of at least 2800 km.
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Yousefzadeh, Moslem, Manfred Lenzen, and Muhammad Arsalan Tariq. "Cooling and Power from Waste and Agriculture Residue as a Sustainable Strategy for Small Islands—A Case Study of Tonga." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010537.

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Identifying local energy sources and devising a circular economy could improve self-sufficiency in many Pacific Islands. On the islands with significant agriculture, the residue from the cultivation of plants has promising energy potential. The waste stream is another potential source of energy that otherwise should undergo proper treatment. Additionally, cold-storage capacity improves the preservation of crops and increases the agricultural exports of these islands. This study proposes a combined cooling and power (CCP) system driven by biomass from agriculture residue and waste streams as fuel for different districts in Tonga. The units supply a fraction of the districts’ electricity demand and provide sufficient cold-storage capacity to preserve the prospective yield of a fraction of fallow lands. The technical and economic performance of the CCP units was analysed for different fractions of electricity demand and fallow land exploitation in each district during a year of operation. The results show that the optimum combination of the CCP units supplies 38% of the total electricity demand of Tonga and prevents the annual consumption of 7.4 million litres of diesel and emission of 20 kilotonnes of CO2. In addition, it provides 3700 m2 of cold-storage area, which is sufficient for preserving the prospective yield of the exploitation of 27% of the total fallow land of Tonga. Annual export revenue of about AU$10 million is expected from such a cold-storage capacity for Tongan farmers. Furthermore, the units consume 10,000 tonnes of annual waste, significantly reducing waste management costs. This study presents an example of a comprehensive circular-economy solution for a remote island state that improves its socioeconomic and environmental condition by supplying the community’s local needs from its available and abundant resources under a viable business model. The solution presented in this study can be adapted to many island communities with significant agriculture in the economy and crucial energy and cooling needs.
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Faasolo, Malia Benedine, and Eli Sumarliah. "Exploring the Determinants of Intent to Adopt Mobile Value-Added Services by Women's Micro and Small Businesses in Tonga." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 17, no. 4 (October 2021): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2021100102.

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This paper examines factors affecting the intention to adopt mobile value‐added services (MVS) by women's micro and small businesses (WMSBs) in the Kingdom of Tonga. Previous research on technology acceptance reveals that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness affect the intent to use technologies. Nevertheless, studies on behavior propose that societal values affect the intent to use. The study tries to fill the gap by examining those three variables' effects on the intent to adopt MVS in Tonga—a Pacific island nation that embraces a distinctive culture of mutuality and sharing. After surveying 267 women microbusiness owners, the study reveals that the most influential determinant of intent to use MVS is social support. Social support also affects perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of MVS. Therefore, in collective cultures such as Tonga, leaders and decision-makers should involve social networks to expand the adoption of technologies.
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Finsch, Dr O., and Dr G. Hartlaub. "On a small Collection of Birds from the Tonga Islands." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 37, no. 1 (August 21, 2009): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1869.tb07364.x.

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Fall, Patricia L. "Vegetation Change in the Coastal-Lowland Rainforest at Avai'o'vuna Swamp, Vava'u, Kingdom of Tonga." Quaternary Research 64, no. 3 (November 2005): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.08.003.

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AbstractAvai'o'vuna Swamp, a small coastal wetland in Vava'u, Kingdom of Tonga, produced a 4500-year pollen and sediment record. Results are: (1) a mid-Holocene sea level highstand is confirmed for Tonga between about 4500 and 2600 14C yr B.P.; marine clay contains pollen from mangroves (Rhizophora mangle), coastal forest trees (Barringtonia asiatica and Cocos nucifera), and rainforest trees (Alphitonia, Rhus, Hedycarya and Calophyllum). (2) Microscopic charcoal first appeared at 2600 14C yr B.P., coincident with the arrival of Polynesians. (3) Cocos, Pandanus, Excoecaria, Macaranga, and Elaeocarpaceae pollen reflects the establishment of a mixed coastal-lowland rainforest in the last 2500 years. (4) The loss of Hedycarya, Elaeocarpus, Calophyllum, and Guettarda and the reduction of Terminalia and taxa in the Papilionaceae family by about 1000 years ago may be due to habitat destruction and the loss of dispersal capabilities of some species through the extinction of the two largest pigeons in Tonga.
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Gibson, John, and David McKenzie. "How Does High-Skilled Emigration Affect Small Countries? Microeconomic Evidence from Tonga." Annals of Economics and Statistics, no. 97/98 (2010): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41219114.

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Sika-Paotonu, Dianne, Kolinisiupeli Vaea, Lisiate Kilipeni ‘Ulufonua, Siale ‘Akau’ola, George Aho, Amelia Afuha’amango Tuipulotu, Seventeen Toumoua, Filimone Lilo, Latu Fotu, and Parry Guilford. "The utilization of ctDNA technology as an early diagnostic tool for Cancer detection in Tonga." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 120.38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.120.38.

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Abstract Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) refers to small fragments of tumour DNA found in the blood circulation. These DNA fragments can be isolated and quantified to obtain data about a cancer’s size and progression. The possibility of utilizing a simple blood sample to allow early detection and monitoring of cancer growth is a highly desirable application for this ground breaking technology. Significant health inequalities exist for Pacific peoples with cancer living in New Zealand and in the Pacific region, where the burden of cancer remains a public health concern. The application of this simple ctDNA method of detecting and monitoring cancer to enhance the precision of early cancer diagnostics and surveillance to improve cancer health outcomes for Pacific peoples in Tonga was investigated. Consultation was sought with senior Government officials, Medical, Nursing, Health and Community research staff concerning the development and implementation of ctDNA as a diagnostic tool within the health care setting throughout Tonga. Preliminary assessment of the on-the-ground laboratory requirements needed for the implementation of the ctDNA technology was also undertaken. Strong support for the development of ctDNA as an early diagnostic tool within the clinical setting was expressed. A key feature of the ctDNA technology within this resource constrained environment was the anticipated detection of cancers at an earlier stage with a greater chance of being treatable given that most cancer presentations in Tonga are late. This work sought to explore and progress the implementation of ctDNA as an early cancer diagnostic tool within the Pacific setting, and remains a highly feasible early cancer detection tool within Tonga.
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Foster, John. "The Relationship between Remittances and Savings in Small Pacific Island States: Some Econometric Evidence." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689500400106.

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The relationship between remittances and savings is examined for Tonga and Western Samoa using an econometric modelling approach. Savings deposits of various types held in banks in these countries are modelled and evidence is discovered of a strong relationship with the income level of migrants. Remittances are also found to be interest sensitive. The implications of the results for the “remittance decay” hypothesis are considered and preliminary conclusions are drawn with regard to the feasibility of introducing strategies to increase migrant saving flows into these and other South Pacific countries.
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Corbett, Jack, Wouter Veenendaal, and Lhawang Ugyel. "Why monarchy persists in small states: the cases of Tonga, Bhutan and Liechtenstein." Democratization 24, no. 4 (August 5, 2016): 689–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2016.1212019.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Small Tonga"

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Fifita, Viliami Konifelenisi. "Child and adult poverty in a small island developing state : a case study of Tonga." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723436.

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Prescott, Semisi Manisela. "Pacific business sustainability in New Zealand a study of Tongan experiences : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/745.

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Pacific business sustainability in New Zealand is important for the economic and social wellbeing of the Pacific Island people who have chosen New Zealand as their home. As with many ethnic minorities businesses overseas, Pacific businesses struggle to survive in a foreign commercial environment that is often not aligned to the value systems and customs of their country of origin. This study seeks to determine the key financial and entrepreneurial drivers of business sustainability for Tongan businesses as a specific group within the Pacific Island business sector. The study takes an ethnic specific view of business sustainability drawing on the experiences of twenty Tongan businesses, three Pacific business consultants and the wider Tongan community. The data was captured in a series of talanoa sessions (a traditional and preferred form of communication based on face to face discussion) carried out in 2006 and 2007. Throughout the study, attention was given to Tongan protocols, cultural nuances and sensitivities to ensure the context in which these Tongan businesses operate was captured. The study concludes by making several contributions to the literature. The first includes the contribution to methodology through to use of talanoa in a business context. The second is the contribution to embeddedness theory through the analysis of specific Tongan business experiences and lastly the empirical contribution to the Pacific Island business literature. The findings have been analysed from a number of perspectives including; financial accounting, business finance, management accounting and business related challenges. The empirical findings highlight that differences in culture and traditional Tongan protocols influence business practice. The impact of Tongan culture on business sustainability is both complementary and inimical. Tongan business sustainability in New Zealand is therefore a product of business practices that incorporate embedded Tongan culture and the western commercial paradigms within which they operate.
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Ülkü, Tolga [Verfasser], Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Kamecke, and Hans-Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Niemeier. "Empirical analyses of airport efficiency and costs : small regional airports and airport groups in Europe / Tolga Ülkü. Gutachter: Ulrich Kamecke ; Hans-Martin Niemeier." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1066295220/34.

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Bloomfield, Simaima Sesilia Siunini Kalo Afu Tonga. "Challenges of small-scale commercial fisheries in Tonga." Master's thesis, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/106990.

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Bloomfield, Simaima Sesilia Siunini Kalo Afu Tonga. "Challenges of small-scale commercial fisheries in Tonga." Dissertação, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/106990.

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Kioa, Sione Ngongo. "Sources of economic growth in South Pacific small-island economies : Fiji and Tonga." Phd thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/122680.

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This study explores the growth experience of the small-island economies of the South Pacific, using Fiji and Tonga as case studies. The starting point is the traditional neoclassical growth-accounting framework but this is extended to capture the contributions of increases in factor inputs and factor productivity to economic growth. The growth contribution of improvements in the quality of labour is quantified and the relative contribution of net national saving and net capital inflows to domestic capital accumulation and economic growth are estimated. Most of the time-series data required for a sources of growth study are unavailable so that appropriate methodologies had to be developed to estimate annual series for the relevant variables. The conventional 'perpetual inventory method' for capital stock estimates is modified into a methodology that is deemed appropriate, theoretically sound and reasonably practical for generating the required series of aggregate net capital stock and fixed capital consumption. Fiji and Tonga, typically of the islands, experienced moderate growth in domestic output but whereas Tonga's growth in total factor productivity was positive, Fiji's was negative. In Fiji, the growth contribution of increases in capital stock was smaller than the contribution of increased labour, whereas in Tonga, the growth contribution of increases in capital stock was larger than the labour contribution. Net national saving contributed relatively more than net capital inflow to net investment, and thus to economic growth in Fiji; in Tonga the opposite was the case. Tonga’s domestic saving has long been negative, but the inflow of current transfers, especially private remittances, contributed to high national saving. Improvements in the quality of the labour force in the two economies were small. Educational improvements contributed more to improvements in the quality of the labour force and thus economic growth than improvements in health. The marginal product of capital is higher in Fiji than in Tonga and so was the average product of labour until 1985. Tonga has been more capital-intensive than Fiji since the 1970s. The trend of capital-labour ratios in Fiji showed a change from capital-intensive towards more labour-intensive production in the 1980s. The low and even negative growth of total factor productivity in the two island economies may be partly explained by the failure of economic policy to create an environment for efficient production. The two island economies were highly protected and regulated with Fiji attempting to become a centrally planned economy with industrialization behind tariff and non tariff barriers as its main objective. Entrepreneurs thus could not operate effectively. The two island economies both have the problems of smallness including exposure to similar severe external shocks and constraints. Their different economic performances tend to support the view that domestic economic policies are the main determinant of economic development.
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Sutherland, Gabrielle. "Ocean nets: the maintenance and dissolution of an Indigenous small world-system in West Polynesia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6452.

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This thesis is an application of the theory and method of the comparative world-systems approach to West Polynesia. This study examines the interactions between the archipelagos of Tonga, Fiji, and Samoa during the period between 1770 and 1870, that include the exchange in prestige valuables, military/political interactions, and marriages. Using the nested interaction net model of Chase-Dunn and Hall, this thesis analyzes the interactions in order to determine whether the interactions display systemic properties, that is to say whether the interactions are important in the social reproduction in each of the particular societal units of the region. The archival evidence shows that the region was an indigenous world-system, whereby interactions served to maintain the stability of the system, which then as a result of European involvement in the region resulted in an increase of Tongan political domination, before the entire system was broken up and governed by different colonial powers.
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PRATAMA, IVAN PUTERA, and 艾文. "Bridging Conductor Defect; Obtaining the Most Decisive Production Line Station by using Small Sample Size Data in Tong Hsing Electronics Industry." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q4qsde.

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碩士
國立中央大學
資訊工程學系
107
Tong Hsing Electronics Industry is a Taiwan-based company that specialized in PCB manufacturing. Currently, they still found many bad products from their production line. One type of defect that they encounter is “Bridging Conductor”. Until now the company doesn’t have any strong knowledge about possible factors causing that defect to their products. By analyzing the production line log data hopefully, we can obtain station and production parameters that most likely contributing to the defect. However, the production line log data for this type of defect are too small to be analyzed, so that any machine learning models can’t be used to solve the problem correctly. Nevertheless, we still can analyze the data by using any statistical approach to obtain the result. Based on that, the company can adjust its machine parameters more carefully, thus decreasing the probability of finding these defects while also increasing its production yield rate in the future.
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Books on the topic "Small Tonga"

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Houston, D. M. Rat eradication on small islands in the Vavaʼu Group, Kingdom of Tonga. [S.l: s.n., 2003.

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Report of a consultation on the role of women in small-scale fisheries in the South Pacific: Rural Development Centre, University of the South Pacific, Tonga, 18-24 October 1989. London: Commonwealth Secretariat, Food Production and Rural Development Division, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Small Tonga"

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Pieters, Danny. "Tonga." In Social Security Law in Small Jurisdictions, 259–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78247-4_22.

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Garaiza, Vimbainashe. "Challenges Faced by Women in Small-Scale Fishing in Siabuwa, Binga District." In Tonga Livelihoods in Rural Zimbabwe, 163–76. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003278580-14.

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Cave, Jenny, and Rosemarie Fili Grover. "Tourism in the Kingdom of Tonga." In Routledge Handbook on Tourism and Small Island States in the Pacific, 328–42. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429019968-27.

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Gangopadhyay, Partha, and Khushbu Rai. "Overseas Development Assistance and Climate Resilience: A Case Study of Tonga." In Shaping the Future of Small Islands, 283–300. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4883-3_16.

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Vainikolo, Leody Cruzat. "Small and Isolated Vava’u, Tonga: From Weakness to Strength During COVID-19?" In COVID in the Islands: A comparative perspective on the Caribbean and the Pacific, 207–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5285-1_11.

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Beyerl, Katharina, Harald A. Mieg, and Eberhard Weber. "Comparing perceptions of climate-related environmental changes for Tuvalu, Samoa, and Tonga." In Dealing with climate change on small islands: Towards effective and sustainable adaptation, 143–74. Göttingen: Göttingen University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17875/gup2019-1215.

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Hernández, Kelly Lytle. "An Eliminatory Option." In City of Inmates. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631189.003.0002.

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The first chapter begins many millennia ago when the region now called the Los Angeles Basin was solely occupied by the Indigenous communities today collectively known as the Tongva-Gabrielino Tribe. This story is vital because there is no evidence that Tongva-Gabrielino communities ever tried or experienced human caging until the Spanish Crown dispatched a small group of colonists to establish El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora la Reina de Los Angeles del Rio Porciuncula, the City of Angels, in 1781. One of the first structures these colonists built was a jail. In time, the colonists and their descendants filled the jail with indios. Throughout the next century of colonial occupation in the Tongva Basin—spanning the Spanish colonial period (1781–1821), the Mexican era (1821–48), and the early years of U.S. rule (1848–70s)—Indigenous peoples consistently comprised a substantive, if not majority, portion of the incarcerated population in Los Angeles. Chapter 1, therefore, firmly grounds the origins of incarceration in Los Angeles with the dynamics of conquest and colonialism in the Tongva Basin.
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Silvino, Tony, and Pedro Pereira. "Trás do Castelo (Vale de Mir, Pegarinhos, Alijó) - Uma exploração agrícola romana do Douro." In Arqueologia em Portugal 2020 - Estado da Questão - Textos, 1243–54. Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses e CITCEM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/978-989-8970-25-1/arqa90.

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The Douro Valley is one of the least studied, though with the most archaeological potencial areas in Norwestern Portugal. Even though some areas have been extensivelly researched, the information that we have for most of the territory comes from older excavations or traditional historiography. The roman presence in the Douro Valley is generally accepted for the period since the II century AD, even though it is more and more accepted the presence of backgound noises, data that allow for older roman instalations. The site, located on the hillside of a small Iron Age castro, is the reflexion of a landscape change, that started with the advent of Rome in the territory, and that will forever change the Douro Valley unto the suspended garden of Miguel Torga.
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Gaskell, Ivan. "Joining the club: a Tongan ‘akau in New England." In Curatopia, 176–90. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526118196.003.0012.

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This chapter examines the place of Oceanic clubs in New England collections. During the nineteenth century, they occupied an equivocal position in the New England mental repertory as indices of savage sophistication, and as souvenirs of colonial childhood or travel. Focusing on a Tongan ‘akau tau in the collection of the Chatham Historical Society on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, this chapter traces what can be known of its history as a highly regarded prestige gift item among New Englanders from the middle of the nineteenth century until its entry into the museum. As a thing that an early owner could alienate legitimately, its presence in Chatham is not unethical, yet it nonetheless imposes stewardship responsibilities—consultation with the originating community—that such a small institution is poorly placed to meet. This requires understanding and patience rather than disapprobation.
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Massam, Diane. "The lingering DP in Niuean." In Polynesian Syntax and its Interfaces, 282–302. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860839.003.0012.

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This chapter examines pre-nominal particles in Niuean, which are cognate with Tongan determiners, although Niuean, in contrast with Proto-Tongic, does not have a systematic determiner system marking specificity or definiteness. It is argued that the Niuean particles are case markers merged in K, not determiners, having replaced Proto-Tongic case markers. It is then argued that although there is no determiner system in Niuean, D and DP remain in the nominal phrase, and that D, usually null, holds features for proper-common with which K agrees. In addition, D is spelled out as a linker when its specifier is filled with a genitive, numeral, or quantifier, all of which contribute meanings associated with (in)definiteness or nominal quantification. Finally, D can also house occasional articles. The chapter shows that small historical changes can create systematic shifts, and that D and DP can be present even in a language without a determiner system.
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Conference papers on the topic "Small Tonga"

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Steen, Tangikina Moimoi, Tomote Katoanga, Matelita Tauga, Soana Kaitapu, Taisia Ma'u, and Ian Reid. "A Multimodal Education Response to the Resilience Challenge in Tonga." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.8738.

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Tonga is a small island nation in the Pacific. While it has been COVID free, it is susceptible to many natural disasters, such as the recent Tsunami and earthquake. Resilience is a fundamental requirement of the Tongan education system which has been partially addressed with accelerated use of technology and open, distance, and online learning, broadening access to quality education. // Supported by a grant from the Global Partnership for Education (GPE), the Tonga Ministry of Education and Training (MET) partnered with Inclusiv Education, UNICEF, Save the Children Australia, and Kaltura. The MET took an evidence-based approach. Two National school closure days were trialled to evaluate the viability of multimodal teaching approaches during future school closures brought about by Covid-19 or other emergencies. // In this way Tonga has now started to build a resilient education system, addressing issues of learning loss due to school closures and increasing equitable access to technology for teaching and learning. // This paper reports on the National level educational resilience project implemented in 2021, based on the research carried out in 2020, to deliver a comprehensive multimodal and flexible approach to education, encompassing print, radio, television and online delivery.
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Court, Kenneth E. "Extended Cruising The Second Time Around." In SNAME 7th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1985-005.

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Some years ago, in 1975, I presented a paper and a slide show at an earlier sailing yacht symposium in Annapolis. The subject was a four-year, 28,000 mile cruise I had made in the years 1965 - 1968 most of the way around the world: Hawaii and the South Pacific, New Zealand, Australia's Barrier Reef, the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, the Mediterranean, including the Greek Islands, an Atlantic crossing to Barbados from the Canary Islands, the Caribbean, and home to the Chesapeake. The paper I wrote then was entitled "Extended Cruising: An Overview" and contained sketches and data from my logs. It was same 55 pages long and talked about many facets of cruising from my vantage point, primarily as seen from the decks of Mamari, the 28 foot ketch I had bought in New Zealand. Lest Mamari 's size appear too small, which perhaps would make me seen heroic, recognize that in displacement and accomodations Mamari was the equivalent of a 33 foot boat. To dispel one other misconception, be advised that I normally sailed with a crew of two, sometimes more, and only sailed two legs single-handed, of about 500 miles each, one from Tonga to Fiji in the Pacific, the other in the Gulf of Suez and from Port Said to the Greek Islands. The 1975 paper reflected my background as a naval architect, combined with my experience as a sailor. I told of things I learned from others. I analyzed log data, presented photographs, drawings and tables, and wrote a series of "yarns" such as sailors spin about their travels. The paper is touched with a flavor of the sea, a flavor of talk over run or coffee in a snug anchorage or on a shared night watch. That 1975 paper makes good reading, and much of the information is still valid. It could be reprinted and if there is enough interest l will do so (contact me). This present paper is a brief look at my experiences on a series of sailing trips, but in particular a one year voyage in a 37 foot yawl from Turkey to the Chesapeake via the West Indies in 1980-81. The paper answers the question posed at the 1975 symposium, would I do the trip again? Then, I thought so, but could not be sure, now my reply is, "of course."
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Curtis, J. M., and R. D. Coffield. "Two-Phase Flow Pressure Drop of High Quality Steam." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31106.

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Two-phase pressure drop across a straight test pipe was experimentally determined for high Reynolds (Re) number steam having an average flow quality range of 0.995 to 1.0, where flow quality is defined as the weight fraction of the vapor in a two-phase mixture. This flow regime is representative of most steam plant piping hydraulic conditions during full power operation. The testing described has been performed in order to reduce uncertainties associated with the effects of two-phase flow on pressure drop. In addition to moisture carryover from the steam generator, two-phase flow develops in steam piping because a small fraction of the steam flow condenses due to heat loss to the surroundings. A recent comprehensive survey of the literature published by Tong and Tang (1997) identified no applicable sources of information of two-phase flow pressure drop data near the design range of interest. The two-phase flow pressure drop data obtained in this test has enabled the development of a design correlation between friction factor, Reynolds number, and flow quality.
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Wei, Yuefeng, Zhiqiang Hu, Gang Chen, and Jianmin Yang. "Numerical and Model Test Investigation on the Motion Characteristic of FDPSO and the Sheltered Riser Vessel." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20542.

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FDPSO is a multifunction floating platform, capable of drilling, production, storage and offloading. Sheltered Riser Vessel (SRV) serves as an independent buoyant hull to provide riser tensions, which is situated in the moon pool of FDPSO. Due to the shielding effect of moon pool, the motion of SRV is very small, so as to meet the requirement of drilling. In order to validate the basic FDPSO and SRV concepts, a model test was conducted in the basin of Ocean Engineering in the State Key Lab of Ocean Engineering in Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The storm tests were carried out in wave extremes of West Africa and white noise wave environments. Potential theory was adopted to calculate the motion performance of FDPSO system. Frequency domain analysis of the motion response amplitude operator (RAO) and time domain analysis in the extreme sea condition are both conducted. The comparison between the numerical simulation and model test results shows that the results of RAO and statistical value of response time series in the extreme sea condition are coincident. It is indicate that the method is credible and the concepts of FDPSO and SRV are likely to be feasible in West Africa.
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Kobayashi, Taiji, Toshihiro Yasuda, Tessai Sugiura, Fujio Terai, Yukinori Hirose, Atsuyoshi Uranishi, and Naoya Sakamoto. "A Series of Investigations Inside of Primary Containment Vessel of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit2." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16978.

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Abstract In January 2012, Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation inserted a camera into the damaged Primary Containment Vessel (PCV) of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station unit 2 for the first time since the Great East Japan Earthquake. Since then, we, as a member of International Research Institute for Nuclear Decommissioning (IRID), has developed several devices and has investigated inside of PCV. The investigation devices for unit 2 are roughly categorized into three types. For the investigations in early stages, just a camera and sensors with simple support tools were inserted through a small hole. Then small crawler type robots were developed to expand the investigation area to inside of Pedestal which exists the central part of PCV. Since the devices found that there were not enough areas to run around by the robots in the Pedestal, a long telescopic guiding pipe device was chosen to deliver cameras, sensors, and tools into the Pedestal. This type of device took movie of wide area of inside of the Pedestal. An image processing software was also developed to get a high quality and extensive picture from the movie taken by a low resolution camera and insufficient lighting. In February 2019, the other telescopic guiding pipe device finally delivered a camera and fingers like tong to grab deposits fallen on the bottom of pedestal for the first time after the earthquake, and found that some of deposits can be lift up. Some of projects were implemented as subsidized projects of “Decommissioning and Contaminated Water Management” founded by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
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Tong, Tao, Je-Young Chang, Shankar Devasenathipathy, John Dirner, Suzana Prstic, and Ravi Prasher. "High-Speed Visualization of Phase-Change Processes in Silicon Microchannels With Water and HFE-7100 as Working Fluids." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42028.

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Pumped-loop liquid-cooled system involving phase-change (two-phase) is a promising technology for removing excess heat from high-density electronics. However, no consensus has been reached so far regarding the hydraulic and heat transfer characteristics of such two-phase (TP) micro flow passages with hydraulic diameters (Dh) on the order of several hundred micrometers or smaller. In a previous paper [Tong et al., ASME IMECE2007-42027], we reported flow boiling experiments for several microchannel (MC) cold plate devices with channel widths ranging from 61 to 340 μm (hydraulic diameters from 100 to 337 μm) and a micro-pin-fin array (μPFA) device. Two working fluids, deionized water and HFE-7100, were tested respectively. In this paper, we focus on the highspeed visualization study of the phase-change phenomena inside the MC cold plates. Features of the major TP flow patterns are discussed for each MC unit with varying sizes and with the two different working fluids. From direct visualization, we report the liquid thin film evaporation rate for the pulsating annular flow regions in MCs. The observed liquid film evaporation rate is much higher than previous predictions/assumptions from a steady-state annular flow picture as assumed by most theoretical investigations so far. The local transient heat flux is thus much higher than the average heat flux provided, especially for water and small hydraulic diameter MCs.
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Feng, Pei Yuan, Ning Ma, and Xie Chong Gu. "Long-Term Prediction of Speed Reduction Due to Waves and Fuel Consumption of a Ship at Actual Seas." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20308.

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The improvement of ship motion and propulsive performance becomes vital in various ocean engineering applications. As the notion of energy saving and environmental protection gradually finds its way deep into people’s heart, the issue of energy efficient design and operation of the vessels has attracted more and more attentions. How to make the vessels maintain service speed while consuming less fuel has quickly become the main concern of the naval architects. In this paper, we present a new procedure to predict speed reduction and fuel consumption of a ship at actual seas. The prediction takes into account the added resistance due to waves since it is recognized to be the predominant component, while wind resistance, fouling effect and other resistance components are relatively small and temporarily ignored. The calculation of the added resistance is based on a three-dimensional frequency-domain panel method for regular waves and spectral approach is applied to obtain the mean value. Then speed prediction is performed based on a simplified model assuming the balanced working point among the ship, propeller and the engine under the assumption of linear relationship between the engine torque and its rotation. Fuel consumption prediction is carried out through calculating the engine power, the effective fuel consumption rate and the time for sailing. Long-term prediction is made through combining the short-term result with the long-term ocean wave statistics from the Database of Winds and Waves which is newly developed in Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU). A long-term probability model which takes into account the ship’s actual navigation conditions is applied, and the expected ship speed and fuel consumption along her actual sea route are predicted accordingly. For the purposed of practical use, a VLCC ship type is adopted for the prediction as an example. Finally, it has been concluded that the propulsive performance, i.e. speed and fuel consumption, of the vessel at actual seas can be improved through design considerations such as hull form optimization, engine selection and weather routing.
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Pui-Yuk King, Alex, and Kin Wai Michael Siu. "Ethnographic Study of Living Alone Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002048.

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1. IntroductionA report by the United Nations has revealed the number of older adults in the world is projected to reach 1.4 billion by 2030, and this number is expected to increase to 2.1 billion by 2050. This development will place enormous pressure on current healthcare and social protection systems. If life expectancy continues to rise while fertility constantly declines over many years. the ageing of the population will continue to throughout the world. The gigantic numbers of elderly people will place significant pressure on current systems of social protection and global health care. By 2024, it is expected to have nearly 400,000 people over the age of 80 in Hong Kong —a 24.8% increase over the figure recorded in 2014. 2. Problem StatementLike in other Asian cities, the population of Hong Kong exhibits a continuous ageing trend.The change in the population structure will need an improved housing policy and health care system and infrastructure in order to tackle these resulting social problems. The more older adults are living in the city, the greater the numbers of people who are living with dementia. 3. Older Adults Living with Mild Cognitive ImpairmentDementia is characterised by the loss of mental abilities,and by further degeneration over time.This condition is not inevitable, as the hallmark symptoms of cognitive deterioration are not considered to be a normal part of ageing. It is a typical biomedical disease that might appear when the brain is affected by some specific diseases, such as a series of small strokes damage the brain and cause confusion, speech problems and progressive loss of memory and cognition. This gradual decline in cognitive functions causes people to need extra support for daily living. A person who is having slightly problems with planning, reasoning and also remembering may be classified as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI). 4. Universal DesignUD (universal design) is classified as the practice of making things in ways that involve almost no extra cost, but offer attractive yet functional styles that are fulfilling all people, regardless of each individual’s ability or disability. UD addresses the complete span of functionality through making each element and space accessible to its deepest extent by careful planning at all different stages of a project. 5. Participant Observation An interpretive approach is adopted as a research paradigm for understanding the meanings that human beings attach to their experiences. For this study, a centre manager of the well-established Yan Oi Tong Elderly Community Centre recruited three older adults to participate for nine months. These people were living with MCI in a rural district. Prior to this study, these three elders engaged in a participative design workshop that was organised by the same researcher. The workshop had two sessions, and explored the participants’ latent needs concerning home decoration and product design for public housing.Observational visits were conducted with each participant every two weeks for a nine-month period. The participants are referred to as CH, CP and SK, and they were aged between 79 and 85 years old.6. DiscussionTheme 1: Fear of being alone.The participants described their experiences of facing loneliness. Although they felt that their memories were getting worse, they could still express how loneliness was one of the most difficult challenges that they had to face day-by-day. SK said that ‘I want to do my preferred activities,and don’t want to stay at home all the time!’ Theme 2: Recognition of incompetence.The older persons suffering from MCI believed that they were, to varying degrees, incompetent in dealing with day-to-day activities. As CP explained, ‘I have become useless and cannot remember things recently…’ Theme 3: Lack of neighbourhood spirit. For older people living alone in public housing, neighbours become the most reliable people after their families. Older participants reported that they commonly displaced their house keys due to their gradual memory loss. They had to make duplicate front door keys, and gave them to neighbours who they trusted.To deal with such problems, a product design or system could be pre-installed in housing facilities that would enable better communication or connection between neighbours, and allow older residents to become closer to others.7. ConclusionThis ethnographic study has investigated the latent, unfulfilled needs of older persons living with MCI. Building rapport with these older participants was an important step at the beginning of the study.This finding of “Fear of being alone”, “Lack of neighbourhood spirit”also revealed that regular visits by community centre staff and local social workers should be organised to provide older community members and stakeholders with more attention regarding their day-to-day activities and their relations to society as a whole in order to eliminate “Recognition of incompetence”.
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