To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Small water reservoir.
Journal articles on the topic 'Small water reservoir'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Small water reservoir.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Sriworamas, Krit, Anongrit Kangrang, Teerawat Thongwan, and Haris Prasanchum. "Optimal Reservoir of Small Reservoirs by Optimization Techniques on Reservoir Simulation Model." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 15, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625743.
Full textAbstract:
Reservoir rule curves are essential rules for store activity. This investigation connected the Genetic Algorithm, Firefly Algorithm, Bat Algorithm, Flower Pollination Algorithm, and Tabu Search Algorithm associated with the store reproduction model to look through the ideal supply standard bends, utilizing the Huay Ling Jone and Huay Sabag supplies situated in Yasothorn Province, Thailand, as the contextual investigation. Memorable inflow information of the two repositories were utilized in this investigation, and 1,000 examples of engineered inflows of stores were utilized to recreate the repository activity framework for assessing the acquired principle bends as displayed as far as water circumstances. Circumstances of water lack and abundance water appeared as far as the recurrence extent and length. The outcomes demonstrated that GA, FA, BA, FPA, and TS associated with the reservoir simulation model could give the ideal principle bends which better moderate the drought and flood circumstances contrasted and current guideline bends.
2
Zhang, Jun Hong, and Xin Hou. "Ecological Effect of Vegetation on the Reservoir Shore." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 4230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.4230.
Full textAbstract:
The shore zone of reservoir is an important transition zone between water ecological system and land ecological system in exchange material, energy and information. As a buffer area on the edge of the reservoir, the reservoir shore zone plays an important role in water and soil conservation, and purifies water quality. Most of the previous studies on reservoir shore focused on large reservoirs, while the number of small and medium reservoirs are often important source of local production and living water, therefore, it is necessary to study the vegetation pattern and its ecological effect of small and medium-sized reservoir shore zone, and put forward the suitable plant species in different conditions and optimize pattern of small and medium-sized reservoirs, thus improve the ecological effect of water and soil conservation, and purifying water quality. That would prevent and reduce the silting of small and medium-sized reservoir, and enhance the water storage capacity.
3
Wiatkowski, Mirosław, Czesława Rosik-Dulewska, Daria Nikel, and Urszula Karwaczyńska. "Water quality in forests small retention reservoirs in southern Poland – case study." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Land Reclamation 50, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sggw-2018-0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper provides an analysis of water quality in three newly constructed small water retention reservoirs (Rudziczka, Niemysłowice I and Paciorkowy) located in forested areas of the forest district Prudnik in the Opolskie Province (southern Poland). The main purpose of these reservoirs is not only water retention, but also flood safety, fire protection, recreation and ecology. This paper presents the results of research carried out in December 2014 and May 2015. The assessment of water quality was performed in accordance with the applicable provisions on water quality assessment. Moreover, an assessment of eutrophication of water and of the usability of water in reservoirs is given (an analysis of suitability of water as a fish habitat). The research shows that the investigated waters are of quality class I in terms of the values of electrolytic conductivity, nitrates, nitrites, dissolved oxygen CODMn, calcium, magnesium and general hardness. In terms of the temperature (the Rudziczka reservoir), and the content of ammonia and phosphates they were of quality class II. The reaction, BOD5 and sulphates and chlorides content exceeded the threshold values for class II. It was also found that the investigated waters are not eutrophic. Based on the indicators such as reaction, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and temperature, the waters in all the reservoirs except for Rudziczka met the quality requirements for habitats of salmonids and cyprinids. The living conditions for fish are deteriorated most by the increased levels of BOD5 and of nitrites in the Rudziczka and Paciorkowy reservoirs. The analysis of seasonal fluctuation in concentrations of water quality indicators in the investigated water bodies showed that in winter the concentrations of indicators were higher for nitrates, phosphates, electrolytic conductivity, calcium and general hardness and lower for temperature, reaction, nitrites, ammonia and dissolved oxygen. While the water in the Paciorkowy reservoir had the worst quality, the surface water in the Rudziczka reservoir had the best quality. The research initiated in small forests water retention reservoirs provides preliminary information on water quality and the importance of investigated reservoirs for increased retention.
4
Liu, Zhi Qi, Jin Xi Lu, Jian Jiao, and Qing Zhang. "Determining the Flood Control Level of Small Reservoirs with Fuzzy Decision by Stages." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1753.
Full textAbstract:
The limited water level of reservoir by stage, fully consider the seasonal variations of the average annual precipitation characteristics in every reservoirs control catchment. Its not only ensuring the rational use of water resources, increasing economic and social benefits to the reservoir, but also ensuring the safety of flood control reservoir flood season, to protect people's lives and property. Determine flood limit level for small reservoir by installments should consider the balance between the economic benefits from improving the water level and the consumption of human and financial resources caused by the installments flood water level adjustment. At the same time, the water resources should be intelligent used in order to let the level of reservoir get in normal. This paper, according to the characteristics of small reservoir, calculated on the reservoir storage capacity can be increased basis of the existing flood control capacity through calculating the value of membership function during reservoir flood season. So that the new limited water level can be obtained after calculating the reservoir capacity increase according to the capacity-water level graph.
5
Valent, Peter, Roman Výleta, and Michaela Danáčová. "A Joint Sedimentation-Flood Retention Assessment of a Small Water Reservoir in Slovakia: A New Hope for Old Reservoirs?" Geosciences 9, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040158.
Full textAbstract:
The intensification of agricultural production brings problems related to water erosion, even to the upper parts of river basins. Soil particles that have eroded from unprotected agricultural land are often deposited in small water reservoirs, the efficiency or function of which might be compromised. This study presents an analysis of changes in the retention capacity of a small water reservoir over a period of 8 years. Within the study, a detailed bathymetry of the reservoir was conducted using an acoustic Doppler current profiler. The results, when compared to a 2008 geodetic survey, showed that the retention volume of the reservoir was reduced by only 2%, which was also confirmed by mathematical modeling. The possibility of strengthening the reservoir’s role in flood protection was also investigated. A flood wave with a return period of 100 years was estimated using a design storm approach. A simple numerical model was proposed to transform the flood wave through the reservoir by considering four different scenarios of the elevation of the initial water level. The model, which is based on a water balance equation, uses simple hydraulic relationships to control the discharge through the reservoir’s outflow objects. The results demonstrate that by reducing the initial water level, significant improvements in terms of the flood peak’s attenuation and a longer time to peak values could be achieved.
6
Oszczapińska, Katarzyna, Iwona Skoczko, and Joanna Szczykowska. "Impact of Catchment Area Activities on Water Quality in Small Retention Reservoirs." E3S Web of Conferences 30 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183001013.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to evaluate catchment area impact on small water reservoirs condition in Podlasie. The researches were conducted in two different catchment areas. Topiło reservoir, located in Podlasie area in the south-east of Białowieża Forest, has typical sylvan catchment. Second reservoir, Dojlidy, is located also in Podlasie, in the south-east of Białystok as a part of Dojlidy Ponds. In contrast to Topiło, Dojlidy has agricultural catchment. Water samples collected from five sites along each reservoir were analysed for the presence of total nitrogen and phosphorus, chlorophyll “a”, reaction, turbidity and conductivity. Researches took place in spring, summer and autumn 2013 (Topiło Lake) and 2014/2015 (Dojlidy). The lowest trophic state was observed in autumn and the highest in summer. Because of the high loads of phosphorus received by the reservoirs, this element did not limit primary production. Calculated TSI values based on total phosphorus were always markedly higher than calculated on chlorophyll-a and total nitrogen. Both reservoirs demonstrated TSI indexes specific to hypertrophic lakes due to large amount of total phosphorus.
7
Casadei, Stefano, Silvia Di Francesco, Francesca Giannone, and Arnaldo Pierleoni. "Small reservoirs for a sustainable water resources management." Advances in Geosciences 49 (October 17, 2019): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-165-2019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Small reservoirs are widely used for storing water, especially for irrigation purposes. During the last decades, in Italy many of these reservoirs have been dismissed, becoming an untapped resource. As a matter of fact, maintenance problems connected to these structures together with their natural tendency to silt have favored the use of other water supply resources such as withdrawal from wells. The increase of drought periods and the high water volume demand for agricultural purposes suggest to evaluate a full and rational use of all water resources, leading to a rediscovery and enhancement of untapped resources. Specifically, this research focuses on small reservoirs and on their potential contribution to a sustainable water management in agriculture. Unfortunately, there are no reliable data on their number, spatial distribution and potential storage volume. The aim of this work is to define reservoir spatial distribution and evaluate potential available water volumes. The upper Tiber river basin has been selected as a case study for the methodology proposed. The work starts from the acquisition and re-elaboration of the old census of small reservoirs, evaluating, through GIS and regression techniques, the distribution over the territory and the available volumes. Then the reservoir census and the derived database were updated for the period from 2015 up to 2019 introducing combined computational procedures of remote sensing techniques and GIS, based on satellite images and water index calculation. The results of the semi automatic procedure used show good performance in lake identification, making it a promising tool for a fast and reliable water body identification and evaluation in wide areas.
8
Fiala, Rostislav, Jana Podhrázská, Jana Konečná, Josef Kučera, Petr Karásek, Pavel Zahradníček, and Petr Štěpánek. "Changes in a river’s regime of a watercourse after a small water reservoir construction." Soil and Water Research 15, No. 1 (December 9, 2019): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/23/2019-swr.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with the analysis of a river’s regime of a small watercourse and the evaluation of its changes after the construction of a small water reservoir. The aim of the work was to analyse 12 years of flow rate measurements at two profiles of a small watercourse, between which a small water reservoir was built, in the middle of the period of the measurements. The analysis uses traditional characteristics (average flow rate, discharge volume), as well as modern indices from applied hydrology (Richards-Baker flashiness index, hydrogram pulse analysis), which study the variability of the flow rate in hourly and daily intervals. The evaluation showed that at the average flow rate, the effect of the water reservoir was the smoothening of the peak flow rates and prolonging the duration of the discharge waves. At higher flow rates, the water reservoir causes a delay in the culmination and in terms of discharge balance causes a decreased discharge volume, in particular during the vegetation period.
9
Sender, Joanna, and Agnieszka Kułak. "Phytocenotic structure and physico-chemical properties of a small water body in agricultural landscape." Acta Agrobotanica 67, no. 2 (2014): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2014.013.
Full textAbstract:
Small water bodies, until recently considered as wasteland, are an essential element of the so-called small water retention. Their main use can vary significantly, but they always play a positive role by increasing water resources and enhancing the natural values of the landscape. Moreover, by increasing bio- diversity thanks to plants forming habitats for many species of flora and fauna, small water bodies act as a biofilter, improving water quality. But these small reservoirs belong to the groups of waters that are most exposed to damage, especially within the catchment area. Because of the invaluable role of small farmland water bodies, a study was undertaken to investigate their phytocenotic structure. In addition, an attempt was made to assess the level of threats and to indicate their role in the development of habitat conditions. The investigated reservoir was created in 2007. Before that time, it functioned as a part of the Zemborzycki reservoir, as they were close to each other. Almost the entire surrounding of this small reservoir consisted of farmland. In 2011 a revitalization project was carried out in the reservoir. Plants typical for wetland habitats were mainly introduced, while synanthropic vegetation was removed. Based on chemical and physical analyses, it can be concluded that the investigated reservoir serves as a natural biofilter thanks to the qualitative and quantitative changes in the structure of macrophytes. After the revitalization project, the investigated pond gained new aesthetic and ecological qualities.
10
Mao, Wei, E. Chuan Yan, Kun Song, and Ting Ting Zhang. "Deformation of Reservior Landslide during Reservoir Water Fluctuation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 1334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.1334.
Full textAbstract:
On the base of the obtained materials and considering the factors of composition features, dynamic mechanism and deformation-motion characteristics, the three-dimension numerical simulation model is generated. And the parameters of Young module, passion ratio and shear strength are obtained. Then the calculation conditions are extracted from the combination of the inducible factors and the displacement features. After that, the deformation failure are simulated by the FLAC3D code, and the results are compared to the monitoring data. The results indicate that the influence of the water impoundment on the stability of the landslide is small, the water descending is large. For the front part monitoring points, the amounts and the curve shapes of the numerical calculation results are accord with the practical ones, but for the monitoring point in back there are only the similarities in the curve shapes, and the amounts are a little smaller.
11
Malvić, Tomislav, Josip Ivšinović, Josipa Velić, Jasenka Sremac, and Uroš Barudžija. "Increasing Efficiency of Field Water Re-Injection during Water-Flooding in Mature Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: A Case Study from the Sava Depression, Northern Croatia." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030786.
Full textAbstract:
The authors analyse the process of water re-injection in the hydrocarbon reservoirs/fields in the Upper Miocene sandstone reservoirs, located in the western part of the Sava Depression (Croatia). Namely, this is the “A” field with “L” reservoir that currently produces hydrocarbons using a secondary recovery method, i.e., water injection (in fact, re-injection of the field waters). Three regional reservoir variables were analysed: Porosity, permeability and injected water volumes. The quantity of data was small for porosity reservoir “L” and included 25 points; for permeability and injected volumes of water, 10 points each were measured. This study defined selection of mapping algorithms among methods designed for small datasets (fewer than 20 points). Namely, those are inverse distance weighting and nearest and natural neighbourhood. Results were tested using cross-validation and isoline shape recognition, and the inverse distance weighting method is described as the most appropriate approach for mapping permeability and injected volumes in reservoir “L”. Obtained maps made possible the application of the modified geological probability calculation as a tool for prediction of success for future injection (with probability of 0.56). Consequently, it was possible to plan future injection more efficiently, with smaller injected volumes and higher hydrocarbon recovery. Prevention of useless injection, decreasing number of injection wells, saving energy and funds invested in such processes lead to lower environmental impact during the hydrocarbon production.
12
Gao, P. K., G. Q. Li, H. M. Tian, Y. S. Wang, H. W. Sun, and T. Ma. "Differences in microbial community composition between injection and production water samples of water flooding petroleum reservoirs." Biogeosciences 12, no. 11 (June 5, 2015): 3403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3403-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Microbial communities in injected water are expected to have significant influence on those of reservoir strata in long-term water flooding petroleum reservoirs. To investigate the similarities and differences in microbial communities in injected water and reservoir strata, high-throughput sequencing of microbial partial 16S rRNA of the water samples collected from the wellhead and downhole of injection wells, and from production wells in a homogeneous sandstone reservoir and a heterogeneous conglomerate reservoir were performed. The results indicate that a small number of microbial populations are shared between the water samples from the injection and production wells in the sandstone reservoir, whereas a large number of microbial populations are shared in the conglomerate reservoir. The bacterial and archaeal communities in the reservoir strata have high concentrations, which are similar to those in the injected water. However, microbial population abundance exhibited large differences between the water samples from the injection and production wells. The number of shared populations reflects the influence of microbial communities in injected water on those in reservoir strata to some extent, and show strong association with the unique variation of reservoir environments.
13
Dong, Ningpeng, Mingxiang Yang, Xianyong Meng, Xuan Liu, Zhaokai Wang, Hao Wang, and Chuanguo Yang. "CMADS-Driven Simulation and Analysis of Reservoir Impacts on the Streamflow with a Simple Statistical Approach." Water 11, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010178.
Full textAbstract:
The reservoir operation is a notable source of uncertainty in the natural streamflow and it should be represented in hydrological modelling to quantify the reservoir impact for more effective hydrological forecasting. While many researches focused on the effect of large reservoirs only, this study developed an online reservoir module where the small reservoirs were aggregated into one representative reservoir by employing a statistical approach. The module was then integrated into the coupled Noah Land Surface Model and Hydrologic Model System (Noah LSM-HMS) for a quantitative assessment of the impact of both large and small reservoirs on the streamflow in the upper Gan river basin, China. The Noah LSM-HMS was driven by the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS) with a very good performance and a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) of 0.89, which proved to be more effective than the reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) over China. The simulation results of the integrated model indicate that the proposed reservoir module can acceptably depict the temporal variation in the water storage of both large and small reservoirs. Simulation results indicate that streamflow is increased in dry seasons and decreased in wet seasons, and large and small reservoirs can have equally large effects on the streamflow. With the integration of the reservoir module, the performance of the original model is improved at a significant level of 5%.
14
Kalogeropoulos, Kleomenis, Nikolaos Stathopoulos, Athanasios Psarogiannis, Evangelos Pissias, Panagiota Louka, George P. Petropoulos, and Christos Chalkias. "An Integrated GIS-Hydro Modeling Methodology for Surface Runoff Exploitation via Small-Scale Reservoirs." Water 12, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 3182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113182.
Full textAbstract:
Efficient and sustainable exploitation of water resources requires the adoption of innovative and contemporary management techniques, a need that becomes even more demanding due to climate change and increasing pressures coming from anthropogenic activities. An important outcome of this reality is the qualitative and quantitative degradation of groundwater, which clearly indicates the need to exploit surface runoff. This study presents an integrated Geographic Information System (GIS)-based methodological framework for revealing and selecting suitable locations to build small-scale reservoirs and exploit surface runoff. In this framework, the SWAT model was used to quantify surface runoff, followed by the simulation of reservoir scenarios through reservoir simulation software. Andros Island (located in Cyclades Prefecture), Greece was selected as the study area. The obtained results indicated the most suitable location for creating a reservoir for maximizing exploitation of surface runoff, based on the specific water demands of the nearby areas and the existing meteorological, hydrological, and geological background potential. Thus, two selected dam locations are analyzed by using the proposed framework. The findings showed that the first dam site is inappropriate for creating a reservoir, as it cannot meet the demand for large water extraction volumes. In addition, the outcomes confirmed the efficiency of the proposed methodology in optimum selection of locations to construct small-scale water exploitation works. This research presents a contemporary methodological framework that highlights the capability of GIS, SWAT modeling, and reservoir simulation coupling in detecting optimal locations for constructing small reservoirs.
15
Fraedrich, Klaus. "A Parsimonious Stochastic Water Reservoir: Schreiber’s 1904 Equation." Journal of Hydrometeorology 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jhm1179.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A parsimonious model is presented, leading to Schreiber’s aridity–runoff relation as equilibrium solution of the rainfall–runoff chain. The chain commences with a fast stochastic water reservoir of small capacity, representing interception and wetted ground in short time intervals. It feeds a slow (almost stationary) soil moisture reservoir of large capacity, balancing its runoff after long-term averaging. Parameterizing the fast reservoir’s capacity by the water equivalent of net radiation available for evaporation leads to a biased coin-flip surrogate for its “full” or “empty” states when rainfall is larger or smaller than the capacity. Rainfall surplus from the fast reservoir’s full state feeds the slow (almost stationary) soil moisture reservoir; with the residual evaporating the fast reservoir starts anew as empty. Rainfall below capacity evaporates completely and, leaving the energy surplus for sensible heat, the fast reservoir also starts anew as empty. Employing coin-flip occurrence probabilities from exponentially distributed precipitation yields Schreiber’s formula.
16
Miąsik, Małgorzata, Piotr Koszelnik, and Lilianna Bartoszek. "Trophic water assessment of the small retention reservoirs Blizne and Cierpisz in the Podkarpacie Region (Subcarpathian Province)." Limnological Review 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/limre-2015-0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper presents an analysis of the trophic status of two small retention reservoirs located in the Subcarpathian region: Blizne reservoir on the River Ladzierz and Cierpisz reservoir on the River Tuszymka. The capacity of the reservoirs is respectively 137,000 m3 and 22,000 m3 and they occupy an area of 11.46 and 2.3 hectares. The study was conducted from May to October in 2013 and in 2014. Samples of surface water were collected from two locations for each reservoir. Assessment of the trophic status of the reservoirs was based on the concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen and chlorophyll a. Criteria available in the literature were used to assess the trophic status. The progress of eutrophication was also evaluated on the basis of the Trophic State Index (TSI). Analysis of the results showed that in the studied period the water of Blizne was on the border of eutrophic and hypertrophic. The fertility of the water of Cierpisz in the analysed period deteriorated from the eutrophic state to the border with hypertrophic
17
Avisse, Nicolas, Amaury Tilmant, Marc François Müller, and Hua Zhang. "Monitoring small reservoirs' storage with satellite remote sensing in inaccessible areas." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 12 (December 18, 2017): 6445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6445-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. In river basins with water storage facilities, the availability of regularly updated information on reservoir level and capacity is of paramount importance for the effective management of those systems. However, for the vast majority of reservoirs around the world, storage levels are either not measured or not readily available due to financial, political, or legal considerations. This paper proposes a novel approach using Landsat imagery and digital elevation models (DEMs) to retrieve information on storage variations in any inaccessible region. Unlike existing approaches, the method does not require any in situ measurement and is appropriate for monitoring small, and often undocumented, irrigation reservoirs. It consists of three recovery steps: (i) a 2-D dynamic classification of Landsat spectral band information to quantify the surface area of water, (ii) a statistical correction of DEM data to characterize the topography of each reservoir, and (iii) a 3-D reconstruction algorithm to correct for clouds and Landsat 7 Scan Line Corrector failure. The method is applied to quantify reservoir storage in the Yarmouk basin in southern Syria, where ground monitoring is impeded by the ongoing civil war. It is validated against available in situ measurements in neighbouring Jordanian reservoirs. Coefficients of determination range from 0.69 to 0.84, and the normalized root-mean-square error from 10 to 16 % for storage estimations on six Jordanian reservoirs with maximal water surface areas ranging from 0.59 to 3.79 km2.
18
Tarigan, Suria Darma. "EFEKTIFITAS EMBUNG UNTUK IRIGASI TANAMAN HORTIKULTURA DI CIKAKAK SUKABUMI." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.10.1.1-6.
Full textAbstract:
Dryland farming provides a promising opportunity in increasing agricultural production in rural areas. But, the lack of available water during dry season poses a problem in developing dryland farming. An effective water conservation technique should be developed to alleviate this problem. The use of a small farm reservoir (embung) can be considered as one viable option for such conservation techniques. The purpose of this research was to study the effectivity of small farm reservoirs to supply irrigation water for horticulture commodities. Two different types of small farm reservoir (SFR) were constructed in the micro catchment for the research, i.e. a) SFR built with concrete, b) SFR built without concrete. SFR built with concrete had higher water available for irrigation, which is 34% higher compared to SFR without concrete. In addition, the empirical equation that was used in this research was quite reliable in predicting colected water in the SFRs. Using 80% monthly rain probability, on average one small farm reservoir with dimension 8 m x 2m x 2 m was able to supply irrigation water for 100 m2 horticulture plants for the whole growing period.
Keywords: Small farm reservoir, dry season, irrigation, dryland farming.
19
Sharapova, Lyudmila Ivanovna. "SEASONAL BIODIVERSITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PLANCKTOFAUNA IN SMALL WATER BODIES OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2020, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2020-4-81-92.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the study results of zooplankton in six water bodies in Northern Kazakhstan in 2019. Small reservoirs (up to 1 m in depth) were characterized by shallow water and strong overgrowing. With sufficient development of the plankton biological fund (15-41 taxa), only one reservoir, the α-oligotrophic type, had a very low mass of zooplankton. The biodiversity of the communities varied significantly in different seasons. Two lakes, of the β-eutrophic and
α-polytrophic types, had high values in spring and summer (13.3 and 17.2 g/m3). The biomass was presented by valuable feed hydrobionts Daphnia pulex, species of the genus Ceriodaphnia. The zooplankton of the river Kamysakty and two other reservoirs reached moderate or average biomass levels in different seasons. The type of these reservoirs changed from α-mesotrophy to oligotrophy during the vegetation season. It is recommended to use the highly productive lakes for commercial catching the biomass of zooplankton. Measures on reducing overgrowth in terms of the reclamation of reservoirs will contribute to growing the mass of valuable biological resources and effective involvement of the reservoir into the economic turnover.
20
Tlapák, Václav, Petr Pelikán, and Pavla Pilařová. "Flood Transformation Effect of a System of Small Water Reservoirs." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 5 (2015): 1581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563051581.
Full textAbstract:
The paper resumes the investigation of transformation of watershed flow off caused by retention volumes of small water reservoirs (SWR) in landscape. Based on our work experience in the field of water reservoir design and research, we know that simple system of even small fishponds disposes of nonnegligible free retention volume. We decided to verify this assumption with aid of exact determination of discharge transformation within the basin containing realized system of small water reservoirs. The input water management data for design of water reservoirs are represented by water discharge in existing stream related to the point of designed SWR. In the Czech Republic, the data are provided by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), however the data refer to an unaffected discharges, i.e. without consideration of transformation effects of existing small water reservoirs within the basin. Although the total available volume for transformation purposes of investigated SWR system is relatively small, the results show the transformation effect of such reservoirs is not insignificant. Furthermore the transformation effect is raised by proper design and functionality of the whole system of water reservoirs.
21
Tashlykova, Tatiana G., Tamara G. Ryashchenko, Anna A. Dolgaya, and Elena A. Lukyanova. "Induced seismicity: a geo-ecological problem of a technogenic nature." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2016-0014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A debatable problem of the display of induced seismicity and its causes during the construction of reservoirs (Reservoir Induced Seismicity - RIS) is considered on the basis of an analysis of various publications. This paper describes the history of the evolution of ideas about the possibility of the activation of seismic events in the zones of influence of artificial reservoirs and examples of such activation in aseismic areas, which is a medium geological response to technogenic interference (e.g. Shivajisagar reservoir in West India, Mead reservoir in the USA, Danjiangkou Reservoir in central China, Nurek reservoir in Central Asia, Chirkey reservoir in Dagestan and other). The problem and reasons of induced seismicity (RIS) are debatable. however, published examples demonstrate the existence of this process. For reservoirs with different amounts of water RIS is an inseparable component of the natural and man-made geological process. The world statistics knows cases of seismicity intensification in areas near small man-made reservoirs with low pressure levels (Belecha in former Yugoslavia, Marathon in Greece, Grandval in France). In addition, it was found that the number of local earthquakes increased after creating a cascade of three small water reservoirs (Studen Kladenets, Kardzhali and Ivaylovgrad) in the basin of The Arda river (Bulgaria). The RIS examples listed above allow us to think that it is not only the creation of large reservoirs that change (in some cases, intensifies) the local seismicity in the surrounding area. No reservoir, no matter what size it is, is insured from such geological process. At the present time there are more than 100 places in the world with displays of induced seismicity due to reservoir construction. In India there are up to eight reservoirs with these problems. Induced seismicity associated with the influence of man-made water reservoirs, causes a specific geo-ecological risks to the surrounding areas.
22
Langaas, Kare, Knut I. Nilsen, and Svein M. Skjaeveland. "Tidal Pressure Response and Surveillance of Water Encroachment." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 9, no. 04 (August 1, 2006): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/95763-pa.
Full textAbstract:
Summary A review of the tidal response in petroleum reservoirs is given. Tidal response is caused by periodic changes in overburden stress induced by the ocean tide; the "tidal efficiency factor" is derived by two different approaches and is in line with a recent well test in the Ormen Lange gas field. For small geomechanical pertubations like the tidal effect, we show that a simplified coupling of geomechanics and fluid flow is possible. The coupling is easy to implement in a standard reservoir simulator by introducing a porosity varying in phase with the tide. Simulations show very good agreement with the theory. The observation of the tidal response in petroleum reservoirs is an independent information provider [i.e., it provides information in addition to the (average) pressure and its derivative from a well test]. The implementation of the tidal effect in a normal reservoir simulator gives us the opportunity to study complex multiphase situations and to evaluate the potential of the tidal response as a reservoir-surveillance method. The case studies presented here focus on the possibility of observing water in the near-well region of a gas well. Introduction The main objective of this work is to investigate whether the tidal pressure response in petroleum reservoirs can be used for reservoir surveillance, in particular to detect saturation changes in the near-well region (e.g., to detect water encroachment toward a gas well). The literature seems sparse in this area. Also, our approach of simplified coupling of geomechanics and fluid flow for small geomechanical effects, and the possibility to implement this in a normal reservoir simulator, has not (to our knowledge) been discussed in the literature. Several authors have derived a tidal efficiency factor, but a review and comparison study seems to be missing.
23
Sivapragasam, C., M. Pallikonda Rajasekaran, and M. Vinotha. "A conceptual framework for real time estimation of WFP for small hydroelectric power plant." Water Policy 19, no. 6 (September 6, 2017): 1049–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.289.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract It is believed that the power sector, particularly hydroelectric power, contributes to a very high consumption of fresh water in terms of evaporation from storage reservoirs. Robust methods of water footprint (WFP) assessment will eventually help in the pricing of water and energy. Conventionally, WFP for hydropower plants is estimated by dividing the gross/net evaporation losses by power generation. This approach is highly biased when it comes to a small hydropower plant connected to a large reservoir. In this study, a two-pronged subjective–objective method is suggested for a reservoir with primary functions of power generation and downstream water release. The objective part is concerned with giving weight to the evaporation loss proportional to the water use while the subjective part is concerned with refining this by considering the real time reservoir operation conditions and taking into account the recommendations of the decision making authorities. The effect of timescale in WFP analysis is also studied and conclusions are drawn. Thumb rules for WFP estimation are evolved which will aid in such analysis. The implementation of the proposed methodology for any reservoir system is recommended using LabVIEW platform.
24
Kriška Dunajský, Michal, Miroslava Pumprlová Němcová, Jana Konečná, Petr Karásek, and Jana Podhrázská. "Possibilities of Small Water Reservoir Impact Improvement on Surface Water Quality in Agricultural Landscape." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 1 (2018): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866010077.
Full textAbstract:
In the Czech Republic, a significant amount of agricultural landscape nutrients is swept away by surface washes and leakages to subsoil. Subsequently there is a negative influence on surface water quality, where of course also point sources of pollution participate in. Flowing surface water often becomes stagnant while the certain self‑purifying processes proceed both in the flowing and stagnant waters. It can be simultaneously stated that the self‑purifying process is practically uncontrollable, primarily due to the impact of many entering factors. One of the environmental and technical elements providing quality improvement of water running off a water reservoir is deployment of constructed floating wetlands (CFW). The theoretical background, as well as the laboratory measurements carried out on the test land of the Brno University of Technology in experimental tanks, evidence the significant treatment efficiency of the CFW. Within the research activities, we focused on the general pollution parameters set for surface waters. The first results show that the total phosphorus concentration removal efficiency is 38.8 % after 22 days with employment of the CFW which is a considerably higher value compared to the lysimeter with no CFW where the removal efficiency was only 4.37 %. The results can be large‑scale applied to most of the small water reservoirs situated in the agricultural landscape.
25
Výleta, Roman, Peter Valent, and Zuzana Danáčová. "Monitoring Changes in the Morphology and Storage of a Small Water Reservoir: A Case Study from Vrbovce, Slovakia." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2020-0012.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractOne of the most profound problems in the operation of water reservoirs is their siltation by sediments coming from agricultural land. The siltation of water reservoirs can significantly shorten their life spans and prevent them from effectively fulfilling their functions. Therefore, accurate monitoring of the current state and dynamics of siltation processes is critical to maintaining their economic, environmental, and societal functions. This study presents a simple method to evaluate the sedimentation rate of a small water reservoir in Slovakia. The method is based on comparing the results from two bathymetric surveys that were carried out in 2017 and 2019 using an ultrasonic acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP), which was originally developed to measure river discharges. A raster map of the thickness of the sediment in the reservoir was assembled by subtracting the two bathymetric surveys from each other. The analysis of the results showed that the mean annual sedimentation rate of the reservoir is only 101 m3/year, representing a mean increment in sediment thickness of 1.4 cm. The method described showed promising results and could be applied to numerous small water reservoirs of a similar size across Slovakia.
26
Wang, Ting, Jun Hua Zhang, Shu Kui Chen, Huai Bao Ma, and Kun Peng Li. "Experimental Study on Zhenshui Sand Bar and its Treatment in Xiaolangdi Reservoir." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2318.
Full textAbstract:
Zhenshui is the biggest tributary of Xiaolangdi Reservoir and its original storage capacity is 1.767 billion m3. By October 2010, the amount of sediment in Zhenshui reached 0.1691 billion m3, and the sand bar at Zhenshui estuary was 7m in height. Influenced by operational mode of reservoir and terrain, the formation of sand bar has certain inevitabilities. The sand bar can prevent water and sediment exchange between mainstream and tributary, and the internal storage capacity of tributary is not effectively used. The experimental result shows that during the later sediment retaining period, some small reservoirs can be built at the end of Zhenshui. By restoring water during the high water level in non-flood season in these small reservoirs and discharging flow during the low water level in flood season to scour sand bar, the tributary and main channel in Xiaolangdi Reservoir can be linked up in long term, service efficiency and life of tributary storage can be increased.
27
Prochnow, Shane J., Joseph D. White, Thad Scott, and Christopher Filstrup. "Small Reservoir Impact on Simulated Watershed-Scale Nutrient Yield." Research Letters in Ecology 2007 (2007): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/12571.
Full textAbstract:
The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) is used to assess the influence of small upland reservoirs (PL566) on watershed nutrient yield. SWAT simulates the impact of collectively increasing and decreasing PL566 magnitudes (size parameters) on the watershed. Totally removing PL566 reservoirs results in a 100%increase in total phosphorus and an 82%increase in total nitrogen, while a total maximum daily load (TMDL) calling for a 50%reduction in total phosphorus can be achieved with a 500%increase in the magnitude of PL566s in the watershed. PL566 reservoirs capture agriculture pollution in surface flow, providing long-term storage of these constituents when they settle to the reservoir beds. A potential strategy to reduce future downstream nutrient loading is to enhance or construct new PL566 reservoirs in the upper basin to better capture agricultural runoff.
28
Mu, Mengfei, Qiuhong Tang, Songjun Han, Xiaomang Liu, and Huijuan Cui. "Using GRanD Database and Surface Water Data to Constrain Area–Storage Curve of Reservoirs." Water 12, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051242.
Full textAbstract:
Basic information on global reservoirs is well documented in databases such as GRanD (Global Reservoir and Dam) and ICOLD (International Commission on Large Dams). However, though playing a critical role in estimating reservoir storage variations from remote sensing or hydrological models, area–storage curves of reservoirs are not conveniently obtained nor publicly shared. In this paper, we combine the GRanD database and Landsat-based global surface water extent (GSW) data to derive area–storage curves of reservoirs. The reported storage capacity in the GRanD database and water surface area from GSW data were used to constrain the area–storage curve. The proposed method has the potential to derive area–storage curves of reservoirs larger than 1 km2 archived in the GRanD database. The derived curves are validated with in situ reservoir data collected in US and China, and the results show that in situ records are well captured by the derived curves both in large and small reservoirs with various shapes. The derived area–storage curves could be employed to advance global monitoring or modeling of reservoir storage dynamics.
29
Krajewski, Adam, and Anna E. Sikorska-Senoner. "Suspended sediment routing through a small on-stream reservoir based on particle properties." Journal of Soils and Sediments 21, no. 3 (January 9, 2021): 1523–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02872-0.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Purpose A novel concept of suspended sediment (SS) routing through a small reservoir is proposed that relies on the particle properties in the reservoir inflow. Methods The SS routing through the reservoir is described following the single continuous stirred tank reactor concept with only one model parameter, the SS decay coefficient. This parameter is linked to the sediment settling velocity and water flow velocity. Hence, the model does not require a direct calibration with recorded data. This model was tested on a small reservoir in Warsaw, Poland, with seven storm events. Suspended sediment samples at the reservoir inflow and outflow were taken manually during the passage of flood flows at irregular intervals. The performance of the proposed method was verified with the approach when the model parameter is estimated directly from recorded events. Results The parameter calculated based on particle properties was about 10 times higher than the corresponding parameter optimized from recorded SS events. Hence, there was a need to introduce a correction factor to accurately predict the effluent SS. This led to a high model performance for all events (Nash-Sutcliffe = 0.672 on average). Conclusions (i) The proposed SS routing model based on particle properties has been proven to accurately simulate SS in the reservoir outlet. (ii) Thus, the parameter can be estimated from the sediment settling velocity and water flow velocity, but the correction factor must be applied. (iii) Our findings acknowledge difficulties in describing SS routing through small reservoirs and indicate a lack of knowledge on the functioning of these reservoirs.
30
Li, Ping, and Chuan Liang. "Risk Analysis for Cascade Reservoirs Collapse Based on Bayesian Networks under the Combined Action of Flood and Landslide Surge." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2903935.
Full textAbstract:
A method based on a Bayesian network (BN) combined with stochastic Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is used in this research to calculate the probability and analyze the risk of a single reservoir dam overtopping and two reservoirs collapsing under the combined action of flood and landslide surge. Two adjacent cascade reservoirs on the Dadu River are selected for risk calculation and analysis. The results show that the conditional probability of a dam overtopping due to flooding in a single reservoir is relatively small; the conditional probability of a dam overtopping due to landslide surge in a single reservoir is relatively large; a combination of flooding and landslide surge greatly increases the risk of the dam overtopping. The conditional probability that the dam in (downstream) Changheba reservoir overtops as a result of a dam-break flood from (upstream) Houziyan reservoir is greater than 0.8 when the water in Changheba reservoir is at its normal level. Under the combined action of flooding and landslide surges, the joint probability that the two cascade reservoirs collapse in a variety of typical situations is very small.
31
Smal, Halina, Sławomir Ligęza, Anna Wójcikowska-Kapusta, Stanisław Baran, Danuta Urban, Radomir Obroślak, and Artur Pawłowski. "Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in bottom sediments of two small dam reservoirs (south-east Poland)." Archives of Environmental Protection 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2015-0041.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Sediments of two dam reservoirs in SE Poland, Zalew Zemborzycki (ZZ) and Brody Iłżeckie (BI) were studied. The sediments from both reservoirs were sampled in the transects perpendicular to the shoreline, at the river inflow and the frontal dam. The total concentration of Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Ni was determined by ICP-EAS method after the sample digestion in the mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 acids. The statistical analyses: value intervals, mean values, variation coefficient, the median and the skewed distribution were performed. To estimate differences between the means for transects, Tukey’s test was applied with least significant difference (LSD) determination. The maps of the metal spatial distribution were drawn and sediment quality according to the geochemical and ecotoxicological criteria evaluated. Differences between the reservoirs in terms of heavy metals concentration in bottom sediments, and regularities in their spatial distribution were found. In the ZZ sediments the concentration was at the level of geochemical background (Zn, Cr), slightly (Cd, Cu, Ni) or moderately (Pb) contaminated sediments. The metal concentration in the sediments of the BI was up to eight times higher as compared to the ZZ. Moreover, sediments from the BI reservoir showed a greater variability of metal concentration than those from ZZ, which resulted from the dredging operation performed in the part of the reservoir. Metal concentration in sediments of the dredged part was ca. 2–5 times lower than in the undredged one, which indicates that after the dredging operation, accumulation of these metals was slight. The concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd from the undredged part of BI were at the level of contaminated sediments and exceeded the probable effects level (PEL). In the ZZ, the greatest accumulation of metals occurred in the upper part of the reservoir and at the frontal dam, and the lowest in the middle part of the reservoir. In BI, the lower outflow of water in this reservoir caused a lower metal concentration in the sediments at the frontal dam, as compared with the other sediments in the undredged part of the reservoir. The results indicate that in small and shallow reservoirs, areas of accumulation of heavy metals depend on such factors as a parent river current, reservoir depth, water waving, reservoir shape (narrowing, coves/bays), and type of water outflow.
32
Michalec, Bogusław, Karol Pęczek, and Mateusz Strutyński. "Spatial distribution of bottom sediment deposits in water reservoirs at Zesławice." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10060-008-0049-7.
Full textAbstract:
Spatial distribution of bottom sediment deposits in water reservoirs at Zesławice Spatial distributions of bottom sediment deposits in two small water reservoirs located on the River Dłubnia at Zesławice is presented in this paper. The distribution was elaborated according to Dendy's method on the basis of results of silting measurements performed in the 2005. Horizontal and vertical distribution of sediment deposits was shown as relation between the relative volume of deposited sediments (Sh/S) and relative storage capacity of the reservoir (Vh/V); the vertical distribution of sediment deposits was presented as relation between the relative volume of deposited sediments (Sv/S) and relative reservoir depth (D/Dm). On the basis of performed analysis of horizontal distributions of sediment deposits it was stated that in the main reservoir at Zesławice 58% of the sediment trapped in the reservoir was accumulated in the inflow (upstream part of the reservoir, whose relative volume is 0.25). In the inflow section of the assistant reservoir of relative storage capacity equal 0.22 only 29% of the sediment was deposited. Comparing curves of horizontal sediment deposits distribution in the main reservoir in its inflow part according to measurement data from the 2005 and 1986 i.e. from a comparable period of operation before desilting and building of an assistant reservoir it was stated that relative volumes of sediment trapped after desilting are over 40% higher than before desilting. In a comparable period of operation before desilting (measurement in the 1983) and after desilting (measurements in the 2005) i.e. after seventeen and sixteen years respectively in the main reservoir the accumulated sediments formed an isle - the value Sv/S equaling 0.09 for D/Dm equal 0 in consequence of a change of hydraulic conditions of water and sediment flow - due to a part of inflowing water of the River Dłubnia being directed to the assistant reservoir.
33
Siemieniuk, Anna, Joannna Szczykowska, and Józefa Wiater. "OPERATING DIFFICULTIES OF SMALL WATER RESERVOIR LOCATED IN WASILKOW." Journal of Ecological Engineering 16 (2015): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/596.
Full text
34
Mphande, Goodfellow, and Henry M. Sichingabula. "Effects of Sedimentation on Small Reservoirs in the Mushibemba Catchment, Mkushi Farm Block, Central Zambia." Journal of Geography and Geology 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v11n1p55.
Full textAbstract:
Sedimentation is one of the problems that affects the storage capacity of most small reservoirs, and if not addressed on time it may lead to the dams being filled up with sediment. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of sedimentation on the storage capacity losses of Moffat dam and GRZ Weir located in the Mushibemba Catchment of Mkushi Farm Block, Central Zambia. The method used to understand reservoir storage capacity loss was bathymetry survey using the hydrographic survey boat (RC-S2) which consists of an echo sounder and a Differential GPS. Information on the initial storage capacity of the two reservoirs was obtained from the Water Resources Management Authority (WARMA). The analysis of the data revealed that the measured volumes of Moffat dam and GRZ Weir were 1,180,462 m3 and 197,218 m3, respectively. The estimated storage capacity losses for Moffat reservoir was found to be 223,789 m³ and 53,312 m3 for the GRZ Weir. The estimated rates of sedimentation loss were found to be 13,986.81 m3 yr-1 (Moffat reservoir), with a lifespan of 84 years, and 1,480.89 m3 yr-1 (GRZ Weir) with a lifespan of 133 years. The source of the accumulated sediment was mainly attributed to originate from the cleared commercial agricultural land which predominantly consists of clayey to loamy soils. This also accounted for the high turbidity of the reservoir water. This situation therefore calls for periodic dredging of the deposited sediment to increase reservoir storage capacity.
35
Koszelnik, Piotr, Jadwiga Kaleta, and Lilianna Bartoszek. "An assessment of water quality in dam reservoirs, considering their aggressive properties." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500035.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the water classification of four small retention reservoirs on the basis of selected physical and chemical indicators, such as: conductivity, pH level, dissolved oxygen, calcium hardness, general hardness and alkalinity. Three reservoirs (Ożanna, Kamionka and Cierpisz) are within the limits in terms of average values for the second class of water quality. Water in the Nowa Wieś reservoir does not qualify as second quality class of surface water. These reservoirs have had very irregular seasonal variations of water quality. Unambiguous correlations have not been established. Aggressive properties of water have been tested on the basis of Langelier (IL) or Ryznar (IR) indexes and calcium carbonate saturation [pHs]. Waters in the Ożanna and Nowa Wieś reservoirs do not have aggressive properties. Both the Kamionka and Cierpisz reservoirs are characterized by corrosive and leaching aggressiveness.
36
Kortekaas, T. F. M. "Water/Oil Displacement Characteristics in Crossbedded Reservoir Zones." Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal 25, no. 06 (December 1, 1985): 917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/12112-pa.
Full textAbstract:
Kortekaas, T.F.M., SPE, Shell Research B.V. Abstract Festoon crossbedding is a typical sedimentary structure in sandstone reservoirs. It is especially common in fluvial deposits. The important elements are the foreset laminae, which vary in permeability, and the bottomsets of lower permeability. To understand the complex, direction-dependent displacement characteristics of a crossbedded reservoir zone, we first conducted numerical simulations on a centimeter scale in a small part of a water-wet crossbedded reservoir zone. The simulations indicate that, during water/oil displacement, considerable amounts of movable oil initially are left behind in the higher-permeability foreset laminae with fluid flow perpendicular to the foreset laminae, while with flow parallel to the foreset laminae the displacement efficiency is good. To describe the displacement characteristics on a reservoir scale, we developed a procedure for calculating direction-dependent pseudo relative-permeability and capillary-pressure curves to be used as input for the simulations of water/oil displacement in a crossbedded reservoir zone. On a reservoir scale, the displacement characteristics in a water-wet crossbedded reservoir zone are slightly more favorable with the main fluid flow perpendicular to the foreset laminae. perpendicular to the foreset laminae. In addition, the sensitivity of the displacement characteristics to moderate reductions in interfacial tensions (IFT's) and to increases in water viscosity was investigated, both on a centimeter scale and on a reservoir scale. The simulations indicate the potential for substantial improvement in recovery from crossbedded reservoir zones if diluted surfactant or polymer is added to the drive water. Introduction Detailed studies of the effect of reservoir heterogeneities on water/oil displacement characteristics have been conducted on a well-to-well (layering) scale and on a pore scale, but few studies on an intermediate scale have been done. Therefore, we embarked on a study of the effect of centimeter-scale heterogeneities on water/oil displacement characteristics. We studied festoon crossbedding, one of the typical sedimentary structures in sandstone reservoirs, particularly common in fluvial deposits. A schematic particularly common in fluvial deposits. A schematic representation of a small part of a crossbedded reservoir zone is given in Fig. 1A. The important elements are the foreset laminae, which vary in permeability, and the bottom-sets, which are of lower permeability. The width of the foreset laminae is exaggerated in Fig. 1A; typically it is a few centimeters. First, we will discuss a mathematical simulation study in a very limited area of a water-wet crossbedded reservoir zone (1.97 × 26.2 × 0.66 ft [0.6 × 8 × O.2 m]). After a brief discussion of the water/oil displacement characteristics near a single permeability transition, we present the water/oil displacement characteristics in some cross sections of a simplified model (Fig. 1B) of a small part of a crossbedded reservoir zone. In addition, their sensitivity to moderate reductions in IFT's and increases in water viscosity are discussed. Second, we describe the effect of crossbedding on water/oil displacement characteristics on a reservoir scale, discuss a procedure for calculating dynamic, direction-dependent pseudo relative-permeability and capillary-pressure curves, and present the results of a reservoir-scale mathematical simulation study, including the pseudo-properties. Also, the sensitivity of the results to changes pseudo-properties. Also, the sensitivity of the results to changes in IFT and water viscosity is discussed. One-Dimensional Water/Oil Displacement Characteristics Near an Abrupt Permeability Transition Permeability Transition suppose we have a one-dimensional (1D) system consisting of two zones with different absolute, but identical relative, permeabilities. Furthermore, the system is horizontal and contains oil and connate water. The Buckley-Leverett first-order partial differential equation describes the water/oil displacement in each zone.In the absence of capillary and gravitational forces, the water fractional flow Fwo) is given byEq. 1, together with Eq. 2, usually leads to a sharp shock front: at each location, water saturation will instantaneously jump from connate water to shock-front saturation when the water arrives. SPEJ p. 917
37
Althoff, Daniel, Lineu Neiva Rodrigues, and Demetrius David da Silva. "Evaluating Evaporation Methods for Estimating Small Reservoir Water Surface Evaporation in the Brazilian Savannah." Water 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2019): 1942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091942.
Full textAbstract:
Small reservoirs play a key role in the Brazilian savannah (Cerrado), making irrigation feasible and contributing to the economic development and social well-being of the population. A lack of information on factors, such as evaporative water loss, has an impact on the design and management of these reservoirs, as well as on regional water safety. Acquiring this information is crucial for hydrologists to develop more effective water resource management strategies and policies. This study assesses the performance of a diverse number of methods that are used to estimate evaporation and provides evaporation probability curves on a fortnightly period for small reservoirs in the Brazilian savannah region. Evaporation data were collected for a small water reservoir located in the Buriti Vermelho watershed, a typical dam of the Brazilian savannah region. Among the assessed methods, those of Kohler et al. (1955) and Linacre (1993) presented the best performances on both the daily and monthly scales for evaporation estimates. By simulating the evaporation rates for a timeseries, an increasing trend in evaporation was observed for the transition between the dry and wet seasons, jeopardizing double cropping in the region. The developed probability curves are an important tool for improving water resource planning and increasing the local water availability.
38
Wilopo, Wahyu, Hendy Setiawan, and Doni Prakasa Eka Putra. "Evaluation of Artificial Reservoir Management in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 17, no. 3 (October 14, 2020): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v17i3.205-214.
Full textAbstract:
The Indonesian government has promoted reservoir (embung) development programs throughout Indonesia. This program is primarily designed at supporting agricultural irrigation, especially in the dry season. However, in its implementation, there are often many obstacles both in technical and management, causing the main purpose of the reservoir construction cannot be achieved optimally. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the condition of the reservoir located in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, in terms of physical, institutional, and management constraints. The study was conducted through a direct survey of 9 reservoirs and interviews with managers and residents around the reservoir. The results showed that two reservoirs have small damage in the reservoir building, three reservoirs do not yet have managers, and three reservoirs have not functioned following the purpose of reservoirs development. The obstacle often found in managing reservoirs is the unclear structure for the management of the reservoir, and the existing management is not effectively working. Therefore, the regulation of using reservoir water is not available. It is necessary to have a management organization involving the community and village government where the reservoir is located and also community beneficiaries of agricultural irrigation to guarantee its function and sustainability.
39
Chen, Pan, Lan Li, and Hongbin Zhang. "Spatio-temporal variability in the thermal regimes of the Danjiangkou reservoir and its downstream river due to the large water diversion project system in central China." Hydrology Research 47, no. 1 (June 18, 2015): 104–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2015.210.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding water temperature variation in regulated rivers and reservoirs becomes increasingly important as the environment and ecosystem are approaching their thermal limits. In this paper, a multi-model approach is used to quantitatively access the spatio-temporal change in thermal structures of the Danjiangkou reservoir and its downstream river. The area is subject to thermal and hydrological alterations due to three large water diversion projects and related auxiliary projects, including a project to heighten the Danjiangkou dam and two small downstream reservoirs. It is found that the Danjiangkou dam heightening project alters water temperature seasonally, increasing it in winter and decreasing it in summer; while the three large water diversion projects and the two small downstream reservoirs mitigate the effect. Water temperature change in the downstream river is also studied from the aspects of release temperature and release discharge of the Danjiangkou reservoir. The former mainly changes the water temperature near the dam, while the latter affects the recovery rate and the recuperation distance. Ecological impact of the water temperature change is discussed based on the spawning of fish, indicating that the spawning periods may lag behind and the optimal spawning locations may move downstream.
40
Fakcharoenphol, Perapon, Sarinya Charoenwongsa, Hossein Kazemi, and Yu-Shu Wu. "The Effect of Water-Induced Stress To Enhance Hydrocarbon Recovery in Shale Reservoirs." SPE Journal 18, no. 05 (June 19, 2013): 897–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/158053-pa.
Full textAbstract:
Summary Waterflooding has been an effective improved-oil-recovery (IOR) process for several decades. However, stress induced by waterflooding has not been well studied or documented. Water injection typically increases reservoir pressure and decreases reservoir temperature. The increase in reservoir pressure and decrease in reservoir temperature synergistically reduce the effective stress. Because of such decrease in stress, existing healed natural fractures can be reactivated and/or new fractures can be created. Similar effects can enhance hydrocarbon recovery in shale reservoirs. In this paper, we calculated the magnitude of water-injection-induced stress with a coupled flow/geomechanics model. To evaluate the effect of water injection in the Bakken, a numerical-simulation study for a sector model was carried out. Stress changes caused by the volume created by the hydraulic fracture, water injection, and oil production were calculated. The Hoek-Brown failure criterion was used to compute rock-failure potential. Our numerical results for a waterflooding example show that during water injection, the synergistic effects of reservoir cooling and pore-pressure increase significantly promote rock failure, potentially reactivating healed natural macrofractures and/or creating new macrofractures, especially near an injector. The rock cooling can create small microfractures on the surface of the matrix blocks. In shale oil reservoirs, the numerical experiments indicate that stress changes during water injection can improve oil recovery by opening some of the old macrofractures and creating new small microfractures on the surface of the matrix blocks to promote shallow water invasion into the rock matrix. Furthermore, the new microfractures provide additional interface area between macrofractures and matrix to improve oil drainage when using surfactant and CO2 enhanced-oil-recovery techniques. These positive effects are particularly important farther away from the immediate vicinity of the hydraulic fracture, which is where much of the undrained oil resides.
41
Solovieva, Vera Valentinovna. "Results of Chernovskoe Reservoir hydro botanical monitoring from 1974 to 2015." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201761114.
Full textAbstract:
Features of reservoirs use make it necessary to collect, analyse and synthesise environmental information about the state of hydroecosystems with a purpose of their development forecast. Overgrowing processes are an important indicator of ecosystem. The following paper contains the results of the study of Chernovskoe reservoir flora and vegetation in different years. Floristic diversity is compared with other reservoirs and hydro botanic information about them has already been published in a number of the authors papers. The comparative analysis has shown that the overall composition of reservoirs flora is random, while there is some regularity in the environmental spectrum - each of them is characterized by a small number of aquatic species and by the dominance of coastal plant species. The study of Chernovskoe reservoir vegetation has shown that the composition of dominants has changed over the past 40 years, from 1974 to 2015. There is a dominance of air water vegetation above the water one, but the borders of the water vegetation growth have widened. Chernovskoe reservoir is currently in dynamic equilibrium. The lifetime of aquatic ecosystem at this stage may be unlimited if there is an unstable hydro regime and impulsive character of water use. The reservoir water level lowering may lead to overgrowth and accelerate activation of waterlogging.
42
Ifrayaski, Ifrayaski, Azmeri Azmeri, and Syamsidik Syamsidik. "OPTIMASI PENGOPERASIAN EMBUNG HUTAN PANTANG UNTUK MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN AIR IRIGASI PADA DAERAH IRIGASI CUBO TRIENGGADENG KABUPATEN PIDIE JAYA." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 2, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v2i4.14951.
Full textAbstract:
The Cubo Trienggadeng Irrigation Schme in Pidie Jaya District fulfills irrigation water depending on the Cubo Trienggadeng Dam which has a fluctuating discharge. The Cubo Trienggadeng Irrigation Scheme divides three technical rotation zones to avoid water user conflicts. In the growing season, rendeng planting season can irrigate the entire rice field area of the Cubo Trienggadeng Irrigation Scheme, while during the gadu planting season (May to August) it can only irrigate an area of 428,25 Ha of rice fields in zone I of a total functional area of 1.090 Ha. To fill irrigation water there are reservoirs in the zone II area which can provide water deposits as reserves with Hutan Pantang small dam. The source of the small dam is from rainwater harvesting, because there is no inflow that enters the reservoir. The primary data in this study is by observing small dam, irrigation area and irrigation network and measuring the dimensions of the carrier channel while secondary data obtained from previous studies and other related institutions, namely technical data on small dam, rainfall, irrigation network schemes. The optimization technique model is used to solve the problems , this study uses non-linear programs with Microsoft Excel solver. In reservoir optimizing for service area, it is expected to be able to solve the problem. The service area of Hutan Pantang small dam covers 84,25 Ha, which requires the largest discharge rate of 0,19 m3 / sec with a water surface height of 1,77 m and a volume of reservoir 278,161.66 m3 capable of operating 100% to meet reliability. The results achieved are optimal small dam operation, where the reliability of small dam affects the volume of the reservoir
43
Bąk, Łukasz, Jarosław Górski, and Bartosz Szeląg. "Preliminary Assessment of Silting and The Quality of Bottom Sediments in A Small Water Reservoir." Journal of Water and Land Development 21, no. 1 (July 29, 2014): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2014-0013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the degree of silting and pollution of bottom sediments in a small water reservoir Lubianka situated in Starachowice, Świętokrzyskie Province, with selected heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, Hg). Catchment basin of the reservoir is forested in 92%. Other parts are covered by estates of detached houses, barren lands and green areas. Bathymetric measurements and analyses of trace elements in bottom sediments were made in 2012. After 28 years of exploitation, reservoir's basin accumulated 43 thousand cubic metres of sediments i.e. 4.7% of its initial volume. Mean annual silting rate was 0.17%. Due to the content of copper and chromium, bottom sediments were classified to the II category (sediments of average pollution) according to geochemical standards. Concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in all analysed samples were below geochemical background. In a sample collected at the inlet to the reservoir, the TEL index for chromium was exceeded by 25.6%. In other samples the threshold values of the TEL and PEL indices were not exceeded.
44
Semiun, Oktovianus Edvict. "Identifikasi Kerusakan dan Rekomendasi Perbaikan Embung Kecil di Kota Kupang, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur." Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat 4, no. 3 (October 28, 2019): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30653/002.201943.172.
Full textAbstract:
IDENTIFICATION OF DAMAGE AND RECOMMENDATION OF SMALL FARM WATER RESERVOIR IMPROVEMENT IN KUPANG CITY, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR PROVINCE. The condition of small farm water reservoir that exist today in Kupang has faced a lof of the decrease of service levels due to the effective age factor, sedimentation factor, effectiveness and the damage construction factor. This can eventually interfere the demand for water needs of people in Kupang. Therefore, the existence of facilities and infrastructure of water resources, especially permanent small farm water reservoir in particular, is absolutely necessary and to be maintained. Generally, the problem of small farm water reservoir is a functional degradation characterized by the reduction of capacity of accommodated water, sedimentation, blogging, a wild plantin the body of the weir or embankment, erosion, and some other problems. In order to overcome the problem of fulfillmentof water needs that continue to increase in various purposes, it is necessary to return the function of supply of water resources especially farm water reservoir and optimize the development of water resources potentials in accordance with the priority and ability of existing funds. The purpose of this community service are to identify the existing condition building and to compiled a review of damage identification results and recommend the repairmen of small farm water reservoir.
45
Zhu, Xiulan, Yanlong Ran, Zhanjun Chen, Tai Xu, Shengling Jiang, and Guangsheng Zhang. "Study on the sensitivities and damage mechanisms of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs: taking Chang 6 reservoir in Jingbian oilfield as an example." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019401037.
Full textAbstract:
This paper takes the ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir of Jingbian oilfield in Ordos Basin as the research object, analyzes the petrological characteristics, diagenesis, physical characteristics and pore structure characteristics of the reservoir, and carries out reservoir sensitivity evaluation by using rock casting thin sections, X-ray diffraction, and sensitive flow experiments. The research results show that the ultra-low permeability Chang 6 sandstone reservoir has weak velocity sensitivity, medium-weak water sensitivity, weak salt sensitivity, weak alkali sensitivity and strong acid sensitivity; the damage mechanism of reservoir sensitivity mainly depends on the composition of clay minerals and pore structure after diagenesis. The clay mineral content from high to low is chlorite, illite, a small amount of illite / smectite layer, and kaolinite, of which the chlorite content is as high as 75 %; the reservoir has poor physical properties, the types of small hole-thin throat and small hole-fine throat. The reservoir is prone to blockage such as bridge plugging. Therefore, ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs are prone to different degrees of sensitivity. The reservoir characteristics are consistent with the reservoir sensitivity evaluation results.
46
Hlavčová, Kamila, Silvia Kohnová, Yvetta Velísková, Zuzana Studvová, Valentin Sočuvka, and Peter Ivan. "Comparison of two concepts for assessment of sediment transport in small agricultural catchments." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 66, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 404–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2018-0032.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The erosion, transport and deposition of sediments in small valley reservoirs represent a significant impact on their operations, mainly with regard to reducing the volume of their accumulation. The aim of this study is a comparison and uncertainty analysis of two modelling concepts for assessment of soil loss and sediment transport in a small agricultural catchment, with an emphasis on estimating the off-site effects of soil erosion resulted in sedimentation of a small water reservoir. The small water reservoir (polder) of Svacenicky Creek which was built in 2012, is a part of the flood protection measures in Turá Lúka and is located in the western part of Slovakia, close to the town of Myjava. The town of Myjava in recent years has been threatened by frequent floods, which have caused heavy material losses and significantly limited the quality of life of the local residents. To estimate the amount of soil loss and sediments transported from the basin, we applied two modelling concepts based on the USLE/SDR and WaTEM/SEDEM erosion models and validated the results with the actual bathymetry of the polder. The measurements were provided by a modern Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) hydrographic instrument. From the sediment data measured and the original geodetic survey of the terrain conducted at the time of the construction of the polder, we calculated changes in the storage volume of the polder during its four years of operation. The results show that in the given area, there has been a gradual clogging of the bottom of the polder caused by water erosion. We estimate that within the four years of the acceptance run, 10,494 m3 of bottom sediments on the Svacenicky Creek polder have accumulated. It therefore follows that repeated surveying of the sedimentation is very important for the management of the water reservoir.
47
Chen, Wenjun, Bin He, Junting Ma, and Chuanhai Wang. "A WebGIS-based flood control management system for small reservoirs: a case study in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River." Journal of Hydroinformatics 19, no. 2 (November 29, 2016): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2016.049.
Full textAbstract:
Small reservoirs are important to flood control and water resource utilization in local areas. This study proposes a WebGIS-based flood control management system to support the flood discharge of small reservoirs during intensive rainfall in the flood season. The agile software development method and a loosely coupled structure are used to combine multidisciplinary knowledge from different experts. A flood level forecasting model for reservoirs in humid regions is established based on rainfall and water level measurements. It aims to provide concise information for reservoir managers to choose an appropriate discharging scheme, so that the capacity is maintained in a safe range on the next day. Using the Hengshan Reservoir in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as an example, the model verification reveals that it is acceptable for rainfall events whose daily amount is near or above 100 mm (the heavy rainstorm level in China), and the system is verified by a trial operation during the typhoon season. While most existing flood control systems focus on river basins and large reservoirs, this study considers the data availability and practical flood discharging scenario of small reservoirs, and provides a useful tool for flood control management.
48
Pelikán, Petr, Věra Hubačíková, Tatiana Kaletová, and Jakub Fuska. "Comparative Assessment of Different Modelling Schemes and Their Applicability to Inland Small Reservoirs: A Central Europe Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 10692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410692.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable landscape management involve also water reservoir management. The demand of their reconstruction represents a good opportunity for redesigning hydrotechnical structures and their parameters using recent methods and models. The estimation of wind-driven waves on small water reservoirs and their effects on water reservoir structures rarely are applied, although it is an important part of the dam height calculation. The analysis of wave run-up on the upstream face of the dam was performed by means of the Slovak Technical Standard (STN), Coastal Engineering Manual (CEM), Shore Protection Manual (SPM) and model designed by American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). The estimations of the wave characteristics differ depending on the model; wave height (H13%) within the range 0.32–0.56 m, wave period 1.32–2.11 s and run-up (R2%) 0.84–1.68 m under conditions of design wind speed 25 m·s−1. Results obtained by CEM, SPM models predict lower values than STN and ASABE models. Since the height difference between the dam crest and still water level in the reservoir is only 0.90 m, we can expect overtopping of the crest by waves after the critical wind speed is exceeded.
49
Sasaki, Yutaka, and Max A. Meju. "Useful characteristics of shallow and deep marine CSEM responses inferred from 3D finite-difference modeling." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 5 (September 2009): F67—F76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3168616.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrocarbon reservoirs can be mapped if sufficient resistivity contrasts exist between them and their confining layers, but practical problems remain in target discrimination in deep and shallow waters, especially in the presence of heterogeneous overburden. We have developed an efficient 3D staggered-grid finite-difference controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) modeling code that enables study of the physics underlying some practical problems. We undertook a comparative analysis of reservoir detection in [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-deep waters using the simulated electric and magnetic field responses of a simple 3D reservoir. We examined the effect of two types of near-surface heterogeneity (mimicking disconnected gas clouds and/or patchy geochemical alteration halos) on the 3D reservoir response. We found that small-scale, shallow heterogeneities cause distortions that are almost independent of the source frequency. These persist at all source-receiver offsets in the electric amplitude response in deep and shallow waters and phase response in shallow water. They decrease in magnitude with increasing offset in deepwater phase response. Large-scale near-surface heterogeneities distort the horizontal electric field response more significantly than the small-scale ones, but the near-surface response gets smaller in amplitude as the offset increases. The distortions in shallow water are much smaller in magnitude than those for the deepwater case, so that the reservoir signatures still are visible on the response profiles. This might be considered as a positive feature for shallow-water inline electric field exploration. The magnetic field responses for the orthogonal direction provide diagnostic target signatures that are similar to the inline electric field responses in deep water but that are different in shallow water. The magnetic responses are affected by the airwave in a different manner from the electric field, suggesting that combined 3D electric and magnetic field analysis might be vital for handling the airwave problem.
50
Guan, Cuo, Chengfang Shi, Dacheng Wu, Wenrui Hu, and Zhaoliang Li. "Evaluation Method of Reservoir Producing Status Based on Cumulative Distribution Curve of Oil Displacement Efficiency." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5185360.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides a method for evaluating the status of old oilfield development. This method mainly uses the abundant coring well data of the oilfield to obtain the cumulative distribution curve of the displacement efficiency after the displacement efficiency of the statistical wells in the study area in a similar period is ordered from small to large. Based on the cumulative distribution curve of displacement efficiency, combined with the reservoir ineffective circulation limit, the cumulative water absorption ratio of reservoirs and other data are used to study the reservoir producing degree, calculate the degree of oil recovery, evaluate the proportion of the remaining movable oil after water flooding, calculate the reservoir ineffective circulation thickness and ineffective circulation water volume, and so on.