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Journal articles on the topic 'Smaller and immediate reinforcer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Gaynor, Scott T., Ashley P. Thomas, and P. Scott Lawrence. "Dysphoric Mood and Preference for Immediate versus Delayed Monetary Reinforcement." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3_suppl (1999): 1281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3c.1281.

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It has been proposed that depression is the product of deficits in self-management skills: self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement. While interventions based on this theory have shown promise, some of the basic tenets upon which the theory is based lack empirical support. The present experiment tested one such tenet—the claim that depressed individuals select smaller more immediate reinforcers (an impulsive choice) at the expense of larger more delayed reinforcers (a self-control choice). Currently, empirical support for this notion is sparse and contradictory. This study addr

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Robertson, Stephen H., and Erin B. Rasmussen. "Effects of a cafeteria diet on delay discounting in adolescent and adult rats: Alterations on dopaminergic sensitivity." Journal of Psychopharmacology 31, no. 11 (2017): 1419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881117735750.

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Diet-induced obesity is a laboratory procedure in which nonhuman animals are chronically exposed to a high-fat, high-sugar diet (i.e. cafeteria diet), which results in weight gain, altered sensitivity to reward, and alterations in the dopamine D2 system. To date, few (if any) studies have examined age-related diet-induced obesity effects in a rat model or have used an impulsive choice task to characterize diet-induced behavioral alterations in reward processes. We exposed rats to a cafeteria-style diet for eight weeks starting at age 21 or 70 days. Following the diet exposures, the rats were t

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Azadpour, Fatemeh, and Ali Akbar Maghsoudi. "Serviceability Assessment of Continuous Beams Strengthened by SMA Strands under Cyclic Loading." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 5 (2019): 1068–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091312.

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Since the wide cracks or large deflections can have a significant effect on the appearance of concrete elements and may cause some uncommon behavior, therefore, serviceability of concrete structures requires investigation. The main objective of this paper is to study experimentally the serviceability of continuous reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened by Ni-Ti strands. In addition, some building code provisions were used to calculate crack width and deflection. The current study presents the experimental results to verify the accuracy of building codes’ provisions for continuous RC beams

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Song, Lianglong, Xin Shi, Tong Guo, and Pengfei Zhu. "Fragility analysis of the self-centering prestressed concrete frame with web friction devices." MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927502012.

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A novel self-centering prestressed concrete (SCPC) beam-column connection with web friction devices has been recently proposed for moment-resisting concrete frames. This paper presents the fragility analysis results of a SC concrete frame and a conventional reinforce concrete (RC) frame at various performance levels. Three performance limit states (i.e., Immediate Occupancy, Life Safety and Collapse Prevention limit states) are defined based on the peak story drift ratio and two other performance limit states (i.e., Re-centering and Repairable limit states) are defined based on the residual st

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Waśniewski, Tomasz, and Ewelina Kołodziejczyk. "Ductility and internal forces redistribution in lightweight aggregate concrete beams." Budownictwo i Architektura 19, no. 4 (2020): 095–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2124.

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Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (LWAC) is typically defined as concrete having a density smaller than or equal to 2200kg/m3 and can be obtained by mixing natural or artificial lightweight aggregates. There is a general scepticism regarding the use of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) for structural applications. This concern is attached to the more brittle material behaviour which leads to lower ductility. This article presents a numerical parametric analysis of the behaviour of the reinforced LWAC cross-sections under the immediate load taking into account the density of the LWAC con

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Astariani, Ni Kadek, and I. Gusti Made Sudika. "Perbandingan Perilaku Struktur Gedung Beton Bertulang dengan Pelat Lantai Beton Konvensional dan Pelat Lantai Kalsi." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 24, no. 2 (2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v24i2.20568.

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The Structure of Reinforced concrete building using kalsi floor plate is one alternative for reduced the weight of the building structure. The floor plate usually used conventional concrete, can be replaced with kalsi floor 20. The aim of the research is to analysis of the behavior of reinforced concrete building using conventional concrete slabs and kalsi floor 20. The building structure as the model in this research is the building structure of four floors and was designed to follow the rules of SNI 2847: 2013. Evaluation of seismic behavior in accordance with the SNI 1726: 2012 was conducte

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Lee, Chang-Hwan, Iman Mansouri, Jaehoon Bae, and Jaeho Ryu. "Current and New Approaches to Predict the Deflections of One-Way Flexural Members with a Focus on Composite Steel Deck Slabs Voided by Circular Tubes." Materials 14, no. 2 (2021): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020421.

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A new type of composite voided slab, the TUBEDECK (TD), which utilizes the structural function of profiled steel decks, has recently been proposed. Previous studies have confirmed that the flexural strength of TD slabs can be calculated based on the full composite contribution of the steel deck, but for long-span flexural members, the deflection serviceability requirement is often dominant. Herein, we derived a novel deflection prediction approach using the results of flexural tests on slab specimens, focusing on TD slabs. First, deflection prediction based on modifications of the current code

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Rachlin, Howard. "Self-control: Beyond commitment." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 1 (1995): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00037602.

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AbstractSelf-control, so important in the theory and practice of psychology, has usually been understood introspectively. This target article adopts a behavioral view of the self (as an abstract class of behavioral actions) and of self-control (as an abstract behavioral pattern dominating a particular act) according to which the development of self-control is a molar/molecular conflict in the development of behavioral patterns. This subsumes the more typical view of self-control as a now/later conflict in which an act of self-control is a choice of a larger but later reinforcer over a smaller

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Logue, A. W. "Form, function, and self-control." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 1 (1995): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00037766.

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AbstractThe target article's definition of self-control as a highly valued behavior pattern containing a less preferred element is consistent with other functionalist explanations of behavior. This definition falls within the more traditional definition of self-control as the choice of a larger, more delayed reinforcer over a smaller, less delayed reinforcer, and can provide new insights concerning our understanding of self-control.

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10

Doughty, Adam H., and Kennon A. Lattal. "Response Persistence under Variable-Time Schedules following Immediate and Unsignalled Delayed Reinforcement." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 56, no. 3b (2003): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724990244000124.

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Key pecking of three pigeons was maintained in separate components of a multiple schedule by either immediate reinforcement (i.e., tandem variable-time fixed-interval schedule) or unsignalled delayed reinforcement (i.e., tandem variable-interval fixed-time schedule). The relative rate of food delivery was equal across components, and this absolute rate differed across conditions. Immediate reinforcement always generated higher response rates than did unsignalled delayed reinforcement. Then, variable-time schedules of food delivery replaced the contingencies just described such that food was de

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Logue, A. W. "Research on self-control: An integrating framework." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11, no. 4 (1988): 665–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00053978.

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AbstractThe tendency to choose a larger, more delayed reinforcer over a smaller, less delayed one has frequently been termed “selfcontrol.” Three very different research traditions – two models emphasizing the control of local contingencies of reinforcement (Mischel's social learning theory and Herrnstein's matching law) and molar maximization models (specifically optimal foraging theory) – have all investigated behavior within the self-control paradigm. A framework is proposed to integrate research from all three research areas. This framework consists of three parts: a procedural analysis, a

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Sy, Jolene R., Leonard Green, Olivia Gratz, and Thea Ervin. "An Evaluation of the Effects of a Mild Delayed Verbal Punisher on Choice of an Immediate Reinforcer by Children With Autism." Behavior Modification 40, no. 5 (2016): 713–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445515622382.

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Hongo, K., E. White, and C. H. Orchard. "Effect of stretch on contraction and the Ca2+ transient in ferret ventricular muscles during hypoxia and acidosis." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 269, no. 3 (1995): C690—C697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.3.c690.

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The effect of stretch on cardiac muscle contraction and the Ca2+ transient was studied during hypoxia and acidosis in isolated ferret ventricular muscles. In control conditions, a maintained stretch produced an immediate increase in tension followed by a slow increase in tension and the Ca2+ transient. A stretch between contractions (diastolic stretch) caused only a slow increase in tension and the Ca2+ transient, whereas a stretch during the period of contraction (systolic stretch) produced an immediate increase in tension followed by a small slow increase in tension and the Ca2+ transient. I

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Ostaszewski, Pawel. "Temporal Discounting in “Gain Now-Lose Later” and “Lose Now-Gain Later” Conditions." Psychological Reports 100, no. 2 (2007): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.2.653-660.

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Studies on temporal discounting typically involve choosing between two outcomes of the same sign, i.e., positive or negative. For example, participants often are given a choice between a smaller, sooner gain and a larger, but later gain, or (less commonly) the options may be a sooner, larger loss and a later, but smaller loss. In contrast, participants in this study ( N= 129; 66 women and 63 men, volunteers from Warsaw, Poland, all employed, with college education, ranging in age from 23 to 50 years, M = 32.3 yr., SD = 7.4) had to make a yes-or-no decision as to whether they would accept a fin

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Kulatska, Nataliia, Pamela J. Woods, Bjarki Þór Elvarsson, and Valerio Bartolino. "Size-selective competition between cod and pelagic fisheries for prey." ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, no. 5 (2021): 1872–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab094.

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Abstract Predators often predate on a limited size range of prey, which may or may not overlap with size ranges of same prey targeted by fisheries. When they do overlap, the effect of competition over that prey is immediate, as the predator removes prey, which are at the same time suitable for the fishery. However, if the predator consumes the same prey species as the fishery, but targets smaller prey sizes, this predation on smaller sizes may result in a potential loss of future, rather than current, fishing opportunities. Comparative analyses of predator size preference and fisheries selecti

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Meijers, Stephan J., André G. Dorée, and Hans Boes. "Increased cooperation through immediate post contractual negotiation." Journal of Public Procurement 14, no. 4 (2014): 567–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-14-04-2014-b005.

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Traditional contracting often leads to claims during construction by contractors, increasing transaction costs for both parties in the form of policing and enforcement costs. Partnering is widely advocated as a governance form to more cooperative relationships between client and contractor. However, partnering requires a significant investment in elaborating a specific procurement approach, and is regarded as inappropriate for small, one-off, less complex projects. Dutch municipal governments are searching for alternative solutions to increase cooperation with contractors and reduce transactio

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Franceschi, Rafael de Lima, Luciano Drechsel, and Guenther Schuldt Filho. "Application of Immediate Dentoalveolar Restoration in Alveolus Compromised with Loss of Immediate Implant in Esthetic Area." Case Reports in Dentistry 2018 (June 21, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1672170.

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In the reported clinical case, the immediate dentoalveolar restoration (IDR) technique was applied to reconstruct the buccal bone wall, with autogenous graft of the maxillary tuberosity, which had been lost due to a root fracture, and to provide the necessary bone substrate for the installation of an implant and its provisioning. One of the greatest risks inherent in the survival of immediate implants is the maintenance of their stability during the healing period. In this case, due to a mechanical trauma in sports activity in the first postoperative month, there was a total failure in the oss

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Rummer, Ralf. "Immediate and Delayed Recall of Visually Presented Sentences:." Experimental Psychology 51, no. 1 (2004): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.51.1.15.

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Abstract. The lure intrusion effect refers to the observation that lexical priming affects recall of sentences. This effect is taken as evidence against the contribution of surface information, even with immediate sentence recall. Recently, Rummer and Engelkamp (2003a ) demonstrated that this effect, which is usually observed under rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), does not appear under immediate recall of auditorily presented sentences. This finding indicates that surface information (i.e., phonological or acoustic-sensory information) can contribute to immediate sentence recall. So fa

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Mokobane, Maria, Basil Pillay, Nicho Thobejane, and Anneke Meyer. "Delay aversion and immediate choice in Sepedi-speaking primary school children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." South African Journal of Psychology 50, no. 2 (2019): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246319876145.

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Motivational factors play a significant role in the pathology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and are associated with altered reinforcement sensitivity. Delay aversion as a motivational style is characterised by a negative emotional reaction to the burden of delay. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have a stronger need to seek smaller immediate rewards rather than larger delayed rewards. This study ascertains whether children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have different responses when asked to choose between a larger delayed reward and a smaller

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Kumar, Sachin, Aditi Shah, Rishi Thukral, MC Prasant, Sannishth M. Sadrani, and Harsh Baxi. "Assessment of Various Risk Factors for Success of Delayed and Immediate Loaded Dental Implants: A Retrospective Analysis." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 10 (2016): 853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1943.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Ever since its introduction in 1977, a minimum of few months of period is required for osseointegration to take place after dental implant surgery. With the passage of time and advancements in the fields of dental implant, this healing period is getting smaller and smaller. Immediate loading of dental implants is becoming a very popular procedure in the recent time. Hence, we retrospectively analyzed the various risk factors for the failure of delayed and immediate loaded dental implants. Materials and methods In the present study, retrospective analysis of all the patien

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Naefgen, Christoph, and Markus Janczyk. "Smaller backward crosstalk effects for free choice tasks are not the result of immediate conflict adaptation." Cognitive Processing 20, no. 1 (2018): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10339-018-0887-0.

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Garg, Suneela, and Chetna Deshmukh. "Tobacco: An invisible and immediate threat for COVID 19." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 2 (Supp) (2020): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i02supp.014.

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One of the major steps to prevent damage due to any pandemic is to focus on risk factors related to the disease. Tobacco consumption is emerging as a major factor out of all for COVID 19. There is hardly any country who has warned the public about this or has made the Tobacco control measures stringent in view of COVID 19. Factors making tobacco consumers more vulnerable to COVID 19 infections are low immunity, damaged cilia in smaller air ways leading to decreased lung capacity and previous history of respiratory illness. Smokers have more expression of ACE2 receptor gene which is also respon

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Joo, Oh Young, Seung Yong Song, Hyung Seok Park, and Tai Suk Roh. "Single-port robot-assisted prosthetic breast reconstruction with the da Vinci SP Surgical System: first clinical report." Archives of Plastic Surgery 48, no. 2 (2021): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2020.01557.

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Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction is currently performed in an attempt to seek smaller and indistinct incisions. Robotic surgery system has been evolving under the concept of minimal invasive technique which is a recent trend in surgery. One of the latest version is the da Vinci SP Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical). In this report, we will share our experiences. Two patients underwent robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy, each followed by immediate robot-assisted expander insertion and prepectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction, respectively

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Schweickert, Richard, Mark A. McDaniel, and Gregory Riegler. "Effects of Generation on Immediate Memory Span and Delayed Unexpected Free Recall." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 47, no. 3 (1994): 781–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749408401137.

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We investigated the effects of generating words from fragments on pronunciation time, on immediate memory span, and on delayed free recall. Subjects read long words and short words aloud or generated them from strings with missing letters. Word-length and generation condition had multiplicative effects on speaking rate, as expected if each affected a separate process regulating the rate. We replicated the standard finding that span is smaller for longer words. Generation improved delayed free recall, indicating that relatively brief presentation times are adequate to produce a generation effec

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VAN DER MESCHT, LUTHER, IRINA S. KHOKHLOVA, ELIZABETH M. WARBURTON, and BORIS R. KRASNOV. "Parasite performance and host alternation: is there a negative effect in host-specific and host-opportunistic parasites?" Parasitology 144, no. 8 (2017): 1107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017000373.

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SUMMARYEnvironmental fluctuations are expected to require special adaptations only if they are associated with a decrease in fitness. We compared reproductive performance between fleas fed on alternating (preferred and non-preferred) hosts and fleas fed solely on either a preferred or a non-preferred host to determine whether (1) host alternation incurs an immediate negative effect, and, if yes, then (2) whether this effect is greater in a host specialist (Parapulex chephrenis) than in host generalists (Xenopsylla conformisandSynosternus cleopatrae). We also compared flea performance under alt

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F. Münte, Thomas, Zheng Ye, Josep Marco-Pallarés, et al. "Dopamine and intertemporal choice in humans." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 29, no. 2 (2018): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x/a000218.

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Abstract. The dopamine (DA) system has been implicated in the mediation of cost/benefit evaluations involved in the intertemporal choices between immediate and delayed rewards. This involvement was further investigated in two studies of normal participants that had to decide between a smaller immediate and a larger delayed reward in a series of 27 decisions.In study 1 the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist pramipexole or placebo were administered in a double-blind cross-over protocol prior to the decisions. In study 2 the same experiment was conducted in two groups of normal participants that wer

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Shen, Jeannie, Joshua Ellenhorn, Dajun Qian, David Kulber, and Joel Aronowitz. "Skin-Sparing Mastectomy: A Survey Based Approach to Defining Standard of Care." American Surgeon 74, no. 10 (2008): 902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480807401004.

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Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) followed by immediate reconstruction has been advocated as an effective treatment option for patients with early-stage breast carcinoma. It markedly improves the quality of breast reconstruction through preservation of the natural skin envelope and a smaller incision. The purpose of this study was to investigate general surgeons’ attitudes towards SSM. A postal questionnaire survey of California general surgeons was conducted regarding SSM. Of 370 respondents who stated they performed breast cancer surgery, 331 perform mastectomy for cancer with planned immediate

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Mongillo, Paolo, Anna Scandurra, Carla Jade Eatherington, Biagio D’Aniello, and Lieta Marinelli. "Development of a Spatial Discount Task to Measure Impulsive Choices in Dogs." Animals 9, no. 7 (2019): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9070469.

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Impulsive choices reflect an individual’s tendency to prefer a smaller immediate reward over a larger delayed one. Here, we have developed a behavioural test which can be easily applied to assess impulsive choices in dogs. Dogs were trained to associate one of two equidistant locations with a larger food amount when a smaller amount was presented in the other location, then the smaller amount was placed systematically closer to the dog. Choices of the smaller amount, as a function of distance, were considered a measure of the dog’s tendency to make impulsive choices. All dogs (N = 48) passed t

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Fang, Yuanju. "School Choice in Guangzhou: Why High-Scoring Students Are Protected?" Games 12, no. 2 (2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g12020031.

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Each year, millions of middle school graduates in China take a standardized test and compete for high school positions. Unlike other cities, Guangzhou still uses the immediate acceptance mechanism but implements a policy that students in the high-scoring group receive their allocations before those in the low-scoring group. In this paper, we study a class of the Guangzhou mechanisms, including the immediate acceptance (IA) and the serial dictatorship (SD) mechanism. We show that, if a collection of groups is refined by splitting its groups into a larger number of smaller subgroups, then the Gu

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Hamed, Samah, Farah Amalina Ayob, Mulham Alfatama, and Abd Almonem Doolaanea. "ENHANCEMENT OF THE IMMEDIATE RELEASE OF PARACETAMOL FROM ALGINATE BEADS." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 9, no. 2 (2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017v9i2.15672.

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Objective: Alginate beads are not soluble in the acid leading to small portion released in the stomach. This may not be favourable for drugs administered for fast action like paracetamol. So, this study was aimed to increase the immediate release of paracetamol from alginate beads, i.e. the release in the acidic pH.Methods: The beads were prepared by dropwise paracetamol/alginate suspension in divalent cation solution. Two attempts were used to increase the dissolution of paracetamol in the acidic pH. First attempt was by only changing preparation variables: needle size, alginate viscosity and

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HAALAND, KATHLEEN Y., LARRY PRICE, and ASENATH LARUE. "What does the WMS–III tell us about memory changes with normal aging?" Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 9, no. 1 (2003): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617703910101.

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The standardization sample from the WMS–III (N = 1250), which varied in age from 16 to 89, was used to determine whether encoding, retrieval, or storage of verbal and spatial information was most affected by normal aging. Immediate and delayed recall and recognition of Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction were examined. Immediate verbal and spatial recall significantly deteriorated with increasing age, and the age-associated deterioration in delayed recall and recognition was largely explained by poorer immediate memory. These findings, in concert with the smaller aging effects for percent r

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Zolghadr, Mohammad, Boyi Hu, Richard Vaglienti, and Xiaopeng Ning. "Effects of Lumbar Facet Nerve Block on Standing Balance among Lower Back Pain Patients." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (2018): 925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621212.

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Lower Back Pain is one of the leading causes of disability globally. Its degradation to patients’ standing stability has been reported in the past. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the influence of immediate pain relief enabled by a lumbar facet joint anesthetic injection on patients’ standing stability. A total of 91 chronic LBP patients were recruited, each patient performed standing balance tests both before and after a lumbar facet nerve block treatment while their dynamic center of pressure data were recorded and compared. Results of our study showed that after the injection,

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ANCEAUME, EMMANUELLE, JEAN-MICHEL HELARY, and MICHEL RAYNAL. "A NOTE ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE IMMEDIATE PREDECESSORS IN A DISTRIBUTED COMPUTATION." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 13, no. 06 (2002): 865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054102001503.

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A distributed computation can be modeled as a partially ordered set (poset) of relevant events (the relevant events are the subset of the primitive events that are meaningful for an observer). This short note presents a general protocol that, when superimposed on a distributed computation, provides each relevant event with a timestamp that identifies exactly its immediate predecessors in the poset. This determination is done on the fly and without using additional control messages. So, the proposed protocol provides an on the fly computation of the Hasse diagram (transitive reduction) of the e

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Vinicius Jardini Barbosa, Marcus, Carolline Gabrielle Campos De Souza, Cecília Barbosa Oliveira, Heloísa Loureiro Costa, and Frederico Alonso Sabino de Freitas. "Quality of Life and Emotional Impact after Immediate Breast Reconstruction." Journal of Advanced Plastic Surgery Research 6, no. 1 (2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31907/2414-2093.2020.06.02.

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Background: Mastectomy is the main method of treating breast cancer and carries a mutilating stigma. Breast reconstruction restores body aesthetics, influencing psychosocial aspects and quality of life. Thus, the aim of the study was to analyze interpersonal and emotional relationships after immediate breast reconstruction. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive and prospective study, was performed through the application of a quality life questionnaire – Breast Evaluation Questionnaire (BEQ 55) in patients who had immediate breast reconstruction, between 2010 to 2019. Results: From the 89 (n=89)

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Ettredge, Michael L., Susan Scholz, and Chan Li. "Audit Fees and Auditor Dismissals in the Sarbanes-Oxley Era." Accounting Horizons 21, no. 4 (2007): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2007.21.4.371.

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The accounting scandals and Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 resulted in large increases in required audit work, and corresponding increases in audit fees for public companies. This study provides early evidence regarding the relationship between higher audit fees, both levels and changes, and auditor dismissals in the period immediately subsequent to the passage of SOX. We find that clients paying higher fees are more likely to dismiss their auditors. We also find that dismissals are associated with smaller companies, companies with going-concern reports, and companies that later reported mat

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Shiraliyeva, Naila, Madeline Rogers Stull, Danielle L. Kahn, et al. "Appetite-Regulating Hormone Ghrelin Predicts Decision-Making in Healthy Controls but Not Individuals With Low-Weight Eating Disorders." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A623—A624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1271.

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Abstract Background: Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone known to regulate appetite, glucose homeostasis, and other food-related functions. The potential role of ghrelin beyond energy homeostasis is not well understood. Ghrelin receptors are evident in the mesolimbic reward pathway, and preclinical research has shown that ghrelin administration increases impulsive behavior and choices in rats. However, little is known about whether and how ghrelin is associated with food-independent behavior and decision-making in humans. We investigated the relationship between ghrelin levels and monetary decisi

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Weaver, Bradley W., Patricia R. DeLucia, and Jason Jupe. "Effects of Cell Phone Conversation on the First Driver Response to a Stopped Lead Vehicle." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (2019): 2031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631360.

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Despite ample research on the effects of cell phone conversations on driving, the effects of such conversations on the looming threshold for an immediate hazard are not known. Prior research on the looming threshold for an immediate hazard in the absence of cell phone conversation indicated that the rate of optical expansion at threshold was .006 radians per second. We measured the rate of optical expansion and headway distance at first driving input when participants encountered a stopped lead vehicle while completing a car-following task. Half of them concurrently completed the Last Letter T

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Aljaafari, Haydar, Yuejia Gu, Hannah Chicchelly, and Eric Nuxoll. "Thermal Shock and Ciprofloxacin Act Orthogonally on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms." Antibiotics 10, no. 8 (2021): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10081017.

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Bacterial biofilm infections are a major liability of medical implants, due to their resistance to both antibiotics and host immune response. Thermal shock can kill established biofilms, and some evidence suggests antibiotics may enhance this efficacy, despite having an insufficient effect themselves. The nature of this interaction is unclear, however, complicating efforts to integrate thermal shock into implant infection treatment. This study aimed to determine whether these treatments were truly synergistic or simply orthogonal (i.e., independent). Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms of differen

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Mehta, Neesurg, Lalita Gupta, Michael Jansen, Richard Rosen, and Jessica Lee. "Immediate Release of Vitreomacular Traction After Pneumatic Vitreolysis Followed by the Drinking Bird Technique." Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases 4, no. 4 (2019): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2474126419888591.

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Purpose: To report a case of release of vitreomacular traction (VMT) in a patient with a full thickness macular hole (FTMH) immediately following pneumatic vitreolysis (PV) combined with head bobbing movements. Methods: A 71-year-old female with VMT and an FTMH presented with blurred vision for 2 months to the level of 20/400. At her 1-month follow-up visit, PV was performed using C3F8 gas and she was instructed to perform the drinking bird technique for ten minutes. Results: Optical coherence tomography performed ten minutes after PV with head bobbing showed VMT release and a smaller FTMH. Vi

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Ransohoff, David F. "CON: Immediate Colonoscopy Is Not Necessary in Patients Who Have Polyps Smaller Than 1 cm on Computed Tomographic Colonography." American Journal of Gastroenterology 100, no. 9 (2005): 1905–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.50130_3.x.

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Tufts, B. L., and D. P. Toews. "Renal function and acid-base balance in the toad Bufo marinus during short-term dehydration." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 5 (1986): 1054–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-157.

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Specimens of Bufo marinus (L.) were cannulated in both ureters to partition between the regulatory contributions of the kidney and urinary bladder. These bladder-bypassed animals were then exposed to 10 h of dehydration in air and renal function and acid–base balance were assessed. The results indicated that the kidney showed an almost immediate response to dehydration which consisted of a large glomerular and smaller tubular component. Bypassing and emptying of the bladder and the removal of the ambient water had no effect on the animal's ability to maintain normal acid–base balance.

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CHEN, C. JULIAN. "PERTURBATION APPROACH FOR QUANTUM TRANSMISSION." Modern Physics Letters B 05, no. 02 (1991): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984991000149.

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In scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), the potential barriers are often close to or lower than the Fermi level, where both semiclassical tunneling theory and Bardeen’s tunneling theory are no longer valid. We present a new perturbation approach for general quantum transmission phenomena. For thick, positive potential barriers, it reduces to Bardeen’s tunneling theory. For potential barriers lower than the energy level, it is valid as long as the barrier thickness is smaller than one half of the de Broglie wavelength, a condition which is always satisfied in STM. An immediate application is sh

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Gałecka, Anna, Ewa De Mezer, Agnieszka Wilkaniec, and Piotr Urbański. "RECREATION POTENTIAL OF AREAS OCCUPIED BY THE BIEDRUSKO MILITARY TRAINING GROUND." Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych 8, no. 1 (2012): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/teka.2493.

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The military training ground in Biedrusko is located in the immediate vicinity of Poznań. The area of 6 thousand hectares, of considerable natural and cultural value, is extremely attractive for all kinds of sports, recreation and tourism activities. The general trend to exclude smaller military training grounds from military use suggests that it is advisable to determine the recreation potential of the Biedrusko military training ground. In the future it may facilitate development of detailed plans for the adaptation of the area and protection of its present-day value.

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Molavi, Fatima, Hamed Hamishehkar, and Ali Nokhodchi. "Impact of Tablet Shape on Drug Dissolution Rate Through Immediate Released Tablets." Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 10, no. 4 (2020): 656–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/apb.2020.079.

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Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the geometric shape on the dissolution rate of the domperidone, a drug model for immediate release dosage form. In this regard, a lack of sufficient information about the effective dissolution rate of the drugs regarding their shapes has made this issue an interesting subject for researchers. Methods: For this purpose, three tablet shapes, namely flat and biconvex both in a round and oblong shapes, with different four sizes were modelled for the preparation of domperidone tablet. In vitro dissolution test was accomplished using a

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Chiesa, Morgane, Hamed Rabiei, Baptiste Riffault, Diana Carolina Ferrari, and Yehezkel Ben-Ari. "Brain Volumes in Mice are Smaller at Birth After Term or Preterm Cesarean Section Delivery." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 8 (2021): 3579–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab033.

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Abstract The rate of cesarean section (CS) delivery has steadily increased over the past decades despite epidemiological studies reporting higher risks of neonatal morbidity and neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, little is known about the immediate impact of CS birth on the brain, hence the need of experimental studies to evaluate brain parameters following this mode of delivery. Using the solvent clearing method iDISCO and 3D imaging technique, we report that on the day of birth, whole-brain, hippocampus, and striatum volumes are reduced in CS-delivered as compared to vaginally-born mice, wit

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Ly, Timothy K., Mirella Diaz-Santos, Liam Campbell, Marcela Caldera, Taylor Kuhn, and Susan Bookheimer. "DEATH ANXIETY AND FINANCIAL DECISION-MAKING IN AGING: A STUDY FROM THE HUMAN CONNECTOME PROJECT AGING (HCP-A)." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3311.

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Abstract While research addressing late-life death anxiety (the fear of death or the dying process) has focused on end-of-life care decision-making, few have studied the effect of late-life death anxiety on financial decision-making. This is particularly relevant to financial decision-making as older adults are more vulnerable to fraud and deception. The aim of this study was to determine how age and death anxiety affect financial decision-making in a sample of older adults of 60-93 years of age (N = 102), who participated in the HCP-A project at UCLA. To study this relationship, we used a del

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Huang, Yu-Lun, Kuang-Wei Lin, Li-Wei Chou, and Eunwook Chang. "Immediate Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Protective Knee Taping on Knee Landing Mechanics and Muscle Activations during Side Hops." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (2021): 10110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910110.

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Athletic taping is widely used in sports to prevent injury. However, the effect of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) protective taping on neuromuscular control during dynamic tasks remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immediate effect of ACL protective taping on landing mechanics and muscle activations during side hops in healthy individuals. Fifteen healthy individuals (11 males and 4 females; age, 23.1 ± 1.4 years; height, 175.1 ± 10.4 cm; weight, 66.3 ± 11.2 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Landing mechanics and muscle activations were measured while e

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Mapa, Bruna de Carvalho, Lorena Ulhôa Araújo, Neila Márcia Silva-Barcellos, Tamires Guedes Caldeira, and Jacqueline Souza. "Gliclazide: Biopharmaceutics Characteristics to Discuss the Biowaiver of Immediate and Extended Release Tablets." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (2020): 7131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207131.

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The lists of essential medicines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Brazil include gliclazide as an alternative to the oral antidiabetic drug of first choice, metformin, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus because of its pharmacokinetic profile and few side effects. Thus, it is also considered by WHO and the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) as a drug candidate to biowaiver, which is the evaluation of how favorable the biopharmaceutics characteristics are in order to obtain waiver from the relative bioavailability/bioequivalence (RB/BE) studies to register new medi

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Devereaux, Simon. "Inexperienced Humanitarians? William Wilberforce, William Pitt, and the Execution Crisis of the 1780s." Law and History Review 33, no. 4 (2015): 839–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248015000449.

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For most historians, William Wilberforce is not immediately associated with the history of capital punishment, at least not beyond his occasional efforts to solicit mercy for individuals sentenced to death, and his distinctly subaltern role in the decisive early nineteenth century parliamentary debates over the abolition of the death penalty in England. Most scholars concern themselves with the first of the two “great objects” of which, in a diary entry for October 28, 1787, Wilberforce declared that “God Almighty has set before me … the suppression of the slave trade and the reformation of ma

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Ali, Fareedi Mukram, Mohammed Mojammel Hussain Sabir, Muneeera Rashed Ali Gohal, Tayeb Ahmed Tayeb Ageeli, and Abdulaziz Hussain Mobarki. "Accidental Swallowing of a Single Tooth Metal Crown of a Tooth in 38 Year Old Male Patient: A Case Report." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 1 (2019): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v6i1.465.

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Aspiration or ingestion of the foreign body is one of the serious emergency situations in dental practitioner’s point of view. Various dental materials, appliances or instruments which are smaller in size and other foreign bodies can come under this category. Foreign body ingestion or aspiration should be looked seriously, as complications can arise and patient may also require immediate surgical interventions in certain conditions. Every dental practitioner should know the basic management protocol for such situations. The present article reports a case of accidental ingestion of the metal cr

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