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Journal articles on the topic 'Smallest common multiple'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hong, Shaofang, and Guoyou Qian. "The least common multiple of consecutive arithmetic progression terms." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 54, no. 2 (2011): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0013091509000431.

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AbstractLet k ≥ 0, a ≥ 1 and b ≥ 0 be integers. We define the arithmetic function gk,a,b for any positive integer n byIf we let a = 1 and b = 0, then gk,a,b becomes the arithmetic function that was previously introduced by Farhi. Farhi proved that gk,1,0 is periodic and that k! is a period. Hong and Yang improved Farhi's period k! to lcm(1, 2, … , k) and conjectured that (lcm(1, 2, … , k, k + 1))/(k + 1) divides the smallest period of gk,1,0. Recently, Farhi and Kane proved this conjecture and determined the smallest period of gk,1,0. For the general integers a ≥ 1 and b ≥ 0, it is natural to

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QIAN, GUOYOU, QIANRONG TAN, and SHAOFANG HONG. "THE LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE OF CONSECUTIVE TERMS IN A QUADRATIC PROGRESSION." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 86, no. 3 (2012): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972712000202.

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AbstractLet k be any given positive integer. We define the arithmetic function gk for any positive integer n by We first show that gk is periodic. Subsequently, we provide a detailed local analysis of the periodic function gk, and determine its smallest period. We also obtain an asymptotic formula for log lcm0≤i≤k {(n+i)2+1}.

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HU, TIANMING, JINZHI XIONG, and GENGZHONG ZHENG. "SIMILARITY-BASED COMBINATION OF MULTIPLE CLUSTERINGS." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 05, no. 03 (2005): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026805001660.

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Consensus clustering refers to combining multiple clusterings over a common set of objects into a single consolidated partition. After introducing the distribution-based view of partitions, we propose a series of entropy-based distance functions for comparing various partitions. Given a candidate partition set, consensus clustering is then formalized as an optimization problem of searching for a centroid partition with the smallest distance to that set. In addition to directly selecting the local centroid candidate, we also present two combining methods for the global centroid based on the new

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Fei, Shuanglin, and Guangyan Zhu. "The Least Common Multiple of Consecutive Terms in the Cubic Progression { n3 +4 } n= 1 ∞." Algebra Colloquium 32, no. 02 (2025): 229–48. https://doi.org/10.1142/s1005386725000173.

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Let [Formula: see text] be an arbitrary positive integer and [Formula: see text] a polynomial with integer coefficients. Associated to the least common multiple [Formula: see text] of any [Formula: see text] consecutive terms in the sequence [Formula: see text], we define the arithmetic function [Formula: see text] to be [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the set of positive integers and [Formula: see text]. When the degree of [Formula: see text] is 1 or 2, the periodicity of [Formula: see text] were studied well by Hong and Qian. In 2020, Lin and Hon

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Amini-Seresht, Ebrahim, and Yiying Zhang. "STOCHASTIC MONOTONICITY OF CONDITIONAL ORDER STATISTICS IN MULTIPLE-OUTLIER SCALE POPULATION." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 31, no. 3 (2016): 366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964816000383.

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This paper discusses the stochastic monotonicity property of the conditional order statistics from independent multiple-outlier scale variables in terms of the likelihood ratio order. Let X1, …, Xn be a set of non-negative independent random variables with Xi, i=1, …, p, having common distribution function F(λ1x), and Xj, j=p+1, …, n, having common distribution function F(λ2x), where F(·) denotes the baseline distribution. Let Xi:n(p, q) be the ith smallest order statistics from this sample. Denote by $X_{i,n}^{s}(p,q)\doteq [X_{i:n}(p,q)|X_{i-1:n}(p,q)=s]$. Under the assumptions that xf′(x)/f

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Rohwer, Sievert, and Vanya G. Rohwer. "Breeding and multiple waves of primary molt in common ground doves of coastal Sinaloa." PeerJ 6 (January 25, 2018): e4243. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4243.

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For adult Common Ground Doves from Sinaloa we demonstrate that the primaries are a single molt series, which sometimes feature two (in one case three) waves of feather replacement. Such stepwise primary replacement is found in many large birds but, at 40 g, this dove is much the smallest species reported to have multiple waves of replacement proceeding through its primaries simultaneously. Pre-breeding juvenile Common Ground Doves never feature two waves of primary replacement. Juveniles usually have more than two adjacent feathers growing simultaneously and replace their primaries in about 10

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Chiquet-Ehrismann, R., Y. Matsuoka, U. Hofer, J. Spring, C. Bernasconi, and M. Chiquet. "Tenascin variants: differential binding to fibronectin and distinct distribution in cell cultures and tissues." Cell Regulation 2, no. 11 (1991): 927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.2.11.927.

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In the chicken, three tenascin variants have been characterized that are generated by alternative splicing of 3 of its 11 fibronectin type III repeats. Using monoclonal antibodies that react with common regions versus extra repeats of tenascin, we could distinguish and separate tenascin variants and investigate their interaction with fibronectin using multiple experimental procedures. Interestingly, in all assays used the smallest tenascin variant bound more strongly to fibronectin than the larger ones. These biochemical data were paralleled by the observation that in chick embryo fibroblast c

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Davies Morel, M. C. G., and S. Dennis. "The occurrence and outcome of multiple ovulation and pregnancy in the Thoroughbred mare." BSAP Occasional Publication 32 (2004): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x0004146x.

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Multiple pregnancies (MP) are almost always the result of multiple ovulations (MO) (Ginther and Bergfelt, 1988). Twinning is the most common non-infectious cause of abortion in the mare (Roberts and Myhre, 1983) and represents a significant economic loss. As a consequence, further investigation into its occurrence and outcome is warranted in order to determine effective management practices.Ultrasonic scanning was used to monitor and classify ovulation in 1582 Thoroughbred mares. Further ultrasonic scanning at Day 13 was used to identify and classify the resulting pregnancies (single pregnancy

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Mannan, Md Abdul, Halima Akter, and Md Amanat Ullah. "Evaluate All The Order of Every Element in The Higher Even, Odd, and Prime Order of Group for Composition." Science and Technology Indonesia 7, no. 3 (2022): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2022.7.3.333-343.

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This paper aims to treat a study on the order of every element in the higher even, odd and prime order of group for composition. In fact, express order of a group and order of an element of a group in real numbers. Here we discuss the higher order of groups in different types of order, which will give us practical knowledge to see the applications of the composition. In order to find out the order of an element am∈G in which an= e= identity element, then find the least common multiple (i.e.(LCM))= λ) of m and n. The least common multiple of two numbers is the "smallest non-zero common number,"

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Shifley, Stephen R., Alan R. Ek, and Thomas E. Burk. "A Generalized Methodology for Estimating Forest Ingrowth at Multiple Threshold Diameters." Forest Science 39, no. 4 (1993): 776–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/39.4.776.

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Abstract Ingrowth is defined as the number or volume of trees that periodically grow into the smallest measured size class of a forest stand. We present a model to predict the number of ingrowth trees at a variable threshold diameter for 6 forest vegetation types common to the central United States. The model is based on observations on 2,373 remeasured inventory plots from 8 sources in Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. The number of ingrowth trees decreases significantly with increasing threshold diameter. The concept of crown competition factor was used to set a biologically realistic u

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Adamer, Michael F., Thomas E. Woolley, and Heather A. Harrington. "Graph-facilitated resonant mode counting in stochastic interaction networks." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 137 (2017): 20170447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0447.

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Oscillations in dynamical systems are widely reported in multiple branches of applied mathematics. Critically, even a non-oscillatory deterministic system can produce cyclic trajectories when it is in a low copy number, stochastic regime. Common methods of finding parameter ranges for stochastically driven resonances, such as direct calculation, are cumbersome for any but the smallest networks. In this paper, we provide a systematic framework to efficiently determine the number of resonant modes and parameter ranges for stochastic oscillations relying on real root counting algorithms and graph

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12

Brown, Mar. "On Two Problems Involving Partial Sums." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 3, no. 4 (1989): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800001352.

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Two problems are considered: (1) The expected waiting time for the partial sums of i.i.d. positive integer-valued random variables to be a multiple of k for the first time. For aperiodic distributions this expected value is shown to equal k. The periodic case is considered, as well as the waiting time for the partial sums to equal r modulo k. (2) For two independent sequences of partial sums of positive i.i.d. random variables, the expected value of the smallest common partial sum is derived. If both distributions are aperiodic, this expected value is the product of the two means. The periodic

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Campeña, Francis Joseph H., and Severino V. Gervacio. "Graph folding and chromatic number." Proyecciones (Antofagasta) 42, no. 4 (2023): 957–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22199/issn.0717-6279-5741.

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Given a connected graph G, identify two vertices if they have a common neighbor and then reduce the resulting multiple edges to simple edges. Repeat the process until the result is a complete graph. This process is called folding a graph. We show here that any connected graph G which is not complete folds onto the connected graph Kp where p = χ(G), the chromatic number of G. Furthermore, the set of all integers p such that G folds onto Kp consist of consecutive integers, the smallest of which is χ(G). One particular result of this study is that a sharp upper bound was obtained on the largest c

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Ye, Yan, Bo Zhang, Cong Niu, Jie Qi, and Huailai Zhou. "The thickness imaging of channels using multiple-frequency components analysis." Interpretation 7, no. 1 (2019): B1—B8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0064.1.

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Blending of different frequency components of seismic traces is a common way to estimate the relative time thickness of the formation. Red, blue, and green (RGB) color blending is one of the most popular blending models in analyzing multiple seismic attributes. Geologists and geophysicist interpreters typically associate low-frequency components (formations with the largest thickness value) with a red color, medium-frequency components (formations with a medium thickness value) with a green color, and high-frequency components (formations with the smallest thickness value) with a blue color fo

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Sismani, Carolina, Georgia Christopoulou, Angelos Alexandrou, et al. "A Prenatally AscertainedDe NovoTerminal Deletion of Chromosomal Bands 1q43q44 Associated with Multiple Congenital Abnormalities in a Female Fetus." Case Reports in Genetics 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/517678.

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Terminal deletions in the long arm of chromosome 1 result in a postnatally recognizable disorder described as 1q43q44 deletion syndrome. The size of the deletions and the resulting phenotype varies among patients. However, some features are common among patients as the chromosomal regions included in the deletions. In the present case, ultrasonography at 22 weeks of gestation revealed choroid plexus cysts (CPCs) and a single umbilical artery (SUA) and therefore amniocentesis was performed. Chromosomal analysis revealed a possible terminal deletion in 1q and high resolution array CGH confirmed

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Losco, Luigi, Alberto Bolletta, Diletta Maria Pierazzi, et al. "Reconstruction of the Nose: Management of Nasal Cutaneous Defects According to Aesthetic Subunit and Defect Size. A Review." Medicina 56, no. 12 (2020): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56120639.

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The nose represents the most common site for the presentation of cutaneous cancer, especially in sun-exposed areas: ala, dorsum, and tip. Even the smallest loss of substance can create aesthetic and psychosocial concerns for patients; therefore, surgeons who perform nasal reconstruction should be strictly confident with the pertinent surgical anatomy in order to tailor the procedure to the patient’s condition and needs. Radical tumor excision and satisfactory aesthetic and functional results are primary targets. Restoring the original shape is the goal of any reconstruction: appropriate reshap

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Goesten, Maarten G., Roald Hoffmann, F. Matthias Bickelhaupt, and Emiel J. M. Hensen. "Eight-coordinate fluoride in a silicate double-four-ring." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 5 (2017): 828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615742114.

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Fluoride, nature’s smallest anion, is capable of covalently coordinating to eight silicon atoms. The setting is a simple and common motif in zeolite chemistry: the box-shaped silicate double-four-ring (D4R). Fluoride seeks its center. It is the strain of box deformation that keeps fluoride in the middle of the box, and freezes what would be a transition state in its absence. Hypervalent bonding ensues. Fluoride’s compactness works to its advantage in stabilizing the cage; chloride, bromide, and iodide do not bring about stabilization due to greater steric repulsion with the box frame. The comb

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Kramar, Vadim, Aleksey Kabanov, and Vasiliy Alchakov. "Multiloop Multirate Continuous-Discrete Drone Stabilization System: An Equivalent Single-Rate Model." Drones 5, no. 4 (2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5040129.

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The article discusses the UAV lateral motion stabilization system, as a MIMO multiloop multirate continuous-discrete system, specified in the form of an input–output model in the domain of discrete Laplace transform or in the form of a structural diagram. Approaches to the construction of equivalent T and NT single-rate models for MIMO multiloop multirate continuous-discrete systems are considered. Here, T is the largest common divisor of the sampling periods of the system, N is a natural number that is the smallest common multiple of the numbers characterizing the sampling periods of the syst

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Nurfarawahida, Ramly, Saifullah Rusiman Mohd, Ismail Shuhaida, Suparman, Mohamad Hamzah Firdaus, and Gurunlu Alma Ozlem. "An adjustment degree of fitting on fuzzy linear regression model toward manufacturing income." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 12, no. 2 (2023): 543–51. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v12.i2.pp543-551.

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The regression analysis is a common tool in data analysis, while fuzzy regression can be used to analyze uncertain or imprecise data. Manufacturing companies often having difficulty predicting their future income. Thus, a new approach is required for the prediction of future company income. This article analyzed the manufacturing income by using the multiple linear regression (MLR) model and two fuzzy linear regression (FLR) model proposed by Tanaka and Zolfaghari, respectively. In order to find the optimum of the FLR model, the degree of fitting (H) was adjusted in between 0 to 1. The perform

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Verba, Júlia T., Vinicius R. Lampert, and Marco A. Azevedo. "Reproductive traits of Gymnogeophagus labiatus (Teleostei, Cichlidae), in an upper stretch of Sinos river, Caraá, Brazil." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 101, no. 3 (2011): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212011000200007.

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This work describes the reproduction of Gymnogeophagus labiatus (Hensel, 1870) from an upper stretch of Sinos river, southern Brazil, based on the analysis of 174 males and 132 females captured in monthly samples taken from January to December 2007. Results showed that reproductive activity occur in spring and summer although ripe males were found along the year. The standard length of the smallest ripe male was 104.74 mm (Lt) and the smallest ripe female was 55.00 mm (Lt). There was a significant difference in total sex ratio, with 1.32 males to each female (χ2 = 5.76). Males were much more a

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Rubinstein, I., T. D. Bradley, N. Zamel, and V. Hoffstein. "Glottic and cervical tracheal narrowing in patients with obstructive sleep apnea." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 6 (1989): 2427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.6.2427.

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There are several studies showing that patients with idiopathic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have a narrow and collapsible pharynx that may predispose them to repeated upper airway occlusions during sleep. We hypothesized that this structural abnormality may also extend to the glottic and tracheal region. Consequently, we measured pharyngeal (Aph), glottic (Agl), cervical tracheal (Atr1), midtracheal (Atr2), and distal (Atr3) tracheal areas during tidal breathing in 66 patients with OSA (16 nonobese and 50 obese) and 8 nonapneic controls. We found that Aph, Agl, and Atr1, but not Atr2 or Atr3

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Tsukamoto, Yusuke. "Associations of Hemodialysis Procedures with Stimulation of Supraventricular Arrhythmias." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 16, no. 01 (2024): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/382.

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Evidence suggests higher mortality after two-day gaps in thrice-weekly hemodialysis, with mortality increases of 20-40%. Supraventricular arrhythmias (SVAs), notably atrial fibrillation, are common during dialysis, increasing mortality risk. Hemodialysis induces fluid, electrolyte, and hemodynamic shifts, precipitating arrhythmias. Investigating these associations is crucial for devising preventive strategies and improving outcomes in haemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: A Holter 24-hour electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded in 72 hemodialysis patients starting at the beginning of the

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Vukicevic, Vladimir, Marina Nonic, and Mirjana Nikolic-Sijacic. "Variability of morphological characteristics of leaves and fruits of common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.) test trees from Sombor area." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 115 (2017): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1715147v.

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Two species of the genus Celtis L. are represented in the city of Sombor, of which the most numerous is Celtis occidentalis L., prevalent in parks and alleys, which became a symbol of the city, with its priceless social, economic and environmental value. Their present situation could be described as alarming. The paper presents the results of the analysis of morphological characteristics of leaves and fruits of common hackberry, investigated at the level of 15 test trees, in order to assess the genetic variability of the available gene pool in the tree alleys at Sombor area. Following paramete

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Moran, Daniel, Peter-Paul Pichler, Heran Zheng, et al. "Estimating CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for 108 000 European cities." Earth System Science Data 14, no. 2 (2022): 845–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-845-2022.

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Abstract. City-level CO2 emissions inventories are foundational for supporting the EU's decarbonization goals. Inventories are essential for priority setting and for estimating impacts from the decarbonization transition. Here we present a new CO2 emissions inventory for all 116 572 municipal and local-government units in Europe, containing 108 000 cities at the smallest scale used. The inventory spatially disaggregates the national reported emissions, using nine spatialization methods to distribute the 167 line items detailed in the National Inventory Reports (NIRs) using the UNFCCC (United N

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Filippova, Galina N., Annika Lindblom, Linda J. Meincke, et al. "A widely expressed transcription factor with multiple DNA sequence specificity,CTCF, is localized at chromosome segment 16q22.1 within one of the smallest regions of overlap for common deletions in breast and prostate cancers." Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer 22, no. 1 (1998): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(199805)22:1<26::aid-gcc4>3.0.co;2-9.

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Ranavaya, Mohammed I., and Robert Rondinelli. "To Combine or Not to Combine." Guides Newsletter 18, no. 6 (2013): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2013.novdec02.

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Abstract Physicians must account for the effects of multiple impairments using a summary value. Sometimes, when dealing with multiple impairments in a single case, the evaluating physician may be confused about whether specific impairments are added or combined, particularly during the assessment of hand or limb injuries. Combining is accomplished by using the Combined Values Chart presented in the Appendix of each edition of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides). With a few exceptions, the general rule is that all impairments should be combined. The combining m

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Arai, Masafumi, Hajime Tsubaki, and Yoshinori Sagisaka. "Evidence-Based Statistical Evaluation of Japanese L2-Learners’ Proficiency using Principal Component Analysis." SHS Web of Conferences 102 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110201005.

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This paper aims at an automatic evaluation of second language (L2) learners’ proficiencies and tries to analyze English conversation data having 94 statistics and Global Scale scores of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) given to each participant. The CEFR defines Range, Accuracy, Fluency, Interaction and Coherence as 5 subcategories, which constitute the CEFR Global Scale score. The statistics were classified into the CEFR’s 5 subcategories. We used the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), an unsupervised machine learning method, on each subcategory and obtained the participants

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Bullrich, F., ML Veronese, S. Kitada, et al. "Minimal region of loss at 13q14 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia." Blood 88, no. 8 (1996): 3109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.8.3109.bloodjournal8883109.

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Allelic loss at nonrandom chromosomal sites is thought to mark the position of tumor suppressor genes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of human malignancies. Solid tumors in particular have been found to harbor multiple genetic changes resulting in loss of function mutations. Tumor suppressor genes have also been found to be involved in the progression of lymphoid tumors. Previous reports have suggested the involvement of a tumor suppressor gene located on the long arm of chromosome 13, between the retinoblastoma (RB) and D13S25 loci, in the pathogenesis and or progression of more

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Landolt-Marticorena, C., and R. A. F. Reithmeier. "Asparagine-linked oligosaccharides are localized to single extracytosolic segments in multi-span membrane glycoproteins." Biochemical Journal 302, no. 1 (1994): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3020253.

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A comprehensive survey of mammalian multi-span (polytopic) membrane proteins showed that asparagine(N)-linked oligosaccharides are localized to single extracytosolic segments. In most membrane proteins this is because potential consensus sites for N-glycosylation (Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr, X not equal to Pro) are not found in multiple extracytosolic segments. In functional proteins where consensus N-glycosylation sites are contained within more than one extracytosolic segment, only the first segment contains N-linked carbohydrate. An exception is the alpha-subunit of the Na+ channel, which consists of

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Liu, Qinqin, Zhiyun Guo, Gang Zhu, Ning Li, Guanchen Bai, and Meijie Jiang. "Genomic Characteristics and Phylogenetic Analyses of a Multiple Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Harboring Plasmid-Mediated MCR-1 Isolated from Tai’an City, China." Pathogens 12, no. 2 (2023): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020221.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae is a clinically common opportunistic pathogen that causes pneumonia and upper respiratory tract infection in humans as well as community-and hospital-acquired infections, posing significant threats to public health. Moreover, the insertion of a plasmid carrying the mobile colistin resistance (MCR) genes brings obstacles to the clinical treatment of K. pneumoniae infection. In this study, a strain of colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) was isolated from sputum samples of a patient who was admitted to a tertiary hospital in Tai’an city, China, and tested for drug sensit

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Mounach, Aziza, Asmaa Rezqi, Imad Ghozlani, Lahsen Achemlal, Ahmed Bezza, and Abdellah El Maghraoui. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Discordance between Left- and Right-Hip Bone Mineral Density Using DXA." ISRN Rheumatology 2012 (June 17, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/617535.

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To determine the prevalence of significant left-right differences in hip bone mineral density (BMD), and the impact of this difference on osteoporosis diagnosis, we measured bilateral proximal femora using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 3481 subjects (608 males, 2873 females). The difference between left and right hip was considered significant if it exceeded the smallest detectable difference (SDD) for any of the three hip subregions. Contralateral femoral BMD was highly correlated at all measuring sites (–0.95). However, significant left-right differences in BMD were common: the d

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Zahner, Robert, Richard K. Myers, and Curtis J. Hutto. "Crop Tree Quality in Young Piedmont Oak Stands of Sprout Origin." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, no. 1 (1985): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/9.1.15.

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Abstract Oak crop trees were evaluated for their biological potential in 18 even-aged upland hardwood stands of sprout origin on good sites (oak S.I. 75 or better) in the upper Piedmont of South Carolina. These were unthinned stands, aged 20 to 40 years since clearcutting. Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea Meunchh.) was the largest and most common acceptable crop tree, with straight boles generally free of epicormic branches, but was infrequently classed as desirable due to the poor natural pruning of its sizable and persistant dead branches. Southern red oak (Q. falcata Michx.), although smallest

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Gelb, Jeff, LayWai Kong, Luke Hunter, et al. "A Path Toward Non-Destructive 3D Metrology for Through-Silicon Vias." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (2011): 000017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-ta1-paper3.

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As integrated circuit designs are pushed to tighter dimensions, chip real-estate is becoming of increasing value. Much like the growth of a developing city, a common modern approach is to grow the circuits upwards, building one layer on top of another. In this 3D stacking approach, the common issue lies in how to connect the multiple layers, for which direct connections through the silicon substrates have been found to produce the smallest footprint. These through-silicon vias (TSVs) are currently the subject of heavy research and development (R&D) investigation and their efficiencies are,

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Catalan, Giancarl Wincer, and Emmanuel Ryan de Chavez. "Shell morphometric variation of the freshwater snail, Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) across the seven lakes of San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines." SciEnggJ 16, no. 1 (2023): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54645/2023161zhj-49.

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The seven maar lakes of San Pablo City in Laguna Province constantly face natural and anthropogenic disturbances that affect the water quality and habitat condition of various aquatic species, including freshwater gastropods. Freshwater gastropods exposed to multiple biotic and abiotic stressors are known to alter their shells as a form of ecomorphological adaptation. However, there are no studies yet regarding shell variations across these lakes as subjected to perturbations in water quality. The shell morphometrics of the common native freshwater snail, Melanoides tuberculata, distributed ac

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Mock, Beverly A., Janet Hartley, Paul Le Tissier, Judith S. Wax, and Michael Potter. "The Plasmacytoma Resistance Gene, Pctr2, Delays the Onset of Tumorigenesis and Resides in the Telomeric Region of Chromosome 4." Blood 90, no. 10 (1997): 4092–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.10.4092.

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Abstract Mouse plasmacytomas share pathogenetic features in common with both multiple myeloma and Burkitt's lymphoma in humans. Susceptibility to plasmacytoma induction by intraperitoneal pristane in mice is controlled by multiple genes. At least two of these genes reside on mouse chromosome 4 in regions of the genome sharing linkage homology with human chromosomes 9p21, 1p32, and 1p36. A series of congenic strains recombinant for regions of mouse chromosome 4 in the vicinity of the Pctr2 predisposition locus were created and typed for their tumor susceptibility/resistance phenotypes. These st

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Ohata, Tetsuo. "An evaluation of scale-dependent effects of atmosphere-glacier interactions on heat supply to glaciers." Annals of Glaciology 16 (1992): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1992aog16-1-115-122.

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Scale-dependent atmosphere-glacier interactions operate over a glacier surface as the surface has different thermal and radiative characteristics from those of the surrounding ground. In order to evaluate heat supply to the glacier surface in the main ablation period, three main interaction processes are considered: advection, glacier wind, and multiple reflection of solar radiation. The amount of heat supply was calculated for the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) by assuming a simple rectangular-shaped glacier, and by applying meteorological and glaciological data for four different glaciated

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Ohata, Tetsuo. "An evaluation of scale-dependent effects of atmosphere-glacier interactions on heat supply to glaciers." Annals of Glaciology 16 (1992): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500004900.

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Scale-dependent atmosphere-glacier interactions operate over a glacier surface as the surface has different thermal and radiative characteristics from those of the surrounding ground. In order to evaluate heat supply to the glacier surface in the main ablation period, three main interaction processes are considered: advection, glacier wind, and multiple reflection of solar radiation. The amount of heat supply was calculated for the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) by assuming a simple rectangular-shaped glacier, and by applying meteorological and glaciological data for four different glaciated

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Yus, Teuku M., Hartono Y. Sarastika, and Bambang Soeprijanto. "Feeding artery characteristics and enhancement patterns of hepatoblastoma patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE): Digital subtraction angiography evaluation." Narra J 3, no. 3 (2023): e209. http://dx.doi.org/10.52225/narra.v3i3.209.

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Hepatoblastoma is one of the most common primary malignant liver tumors in children. The incidence of hepatoblastoma has been increasing, reaching 1.2 per million children now. The transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) procedure is one of the most practical and effective treatment options besides surgery. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is performed as the first step of the TACE procedure. The aim of this study was to provide information about the feeding arteries and enhancement pattern of the hepatoblastoma that was assessed by DSA before the TACE procedure. A retrospective study was

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Alsaber, A., A. Al-Herz, J. Pan, et al. "THU0556 MISSING DATA AND MULTIPLE IMPUTATION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS REGISTRIES USING SEQUENTIAL RANDOM FOREST METHOD." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 519.1–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4838.

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Background:Missing data in clinical epidemiological researches violate the intention to treat principle,reduce statistical power and can induce bias if they are related to patient’s response to treatment. In multiple imputation (MI), covariates are included in the imputation equation to predict the values of missing data.Objectives:To find the best approach to estimate and impute the missing values in Kuwait Registry for Rheumatic Diseases (KRRD) patients data.Methods:A number of methods were implemented for dealing with missing data. These includedMultivariate imputation by chained equations(

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Kim, Mimi, Joan T. Merrill, Cuiling Wang, et al. "SLE clinical trials: impact of missing data on estimating treatment effects." Lupus Science & Medicine 6, no. 1 (2019): e000348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2019-000348.

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ObjectiveA common problem in clinical trials is missing data due to participant dropout and loss to follow-up, an issue which continues to receive considerable attention in the clinical research community. Our objective was to examine and compare current and alternative methods for handling missing data in SLE trials with a particular focus on multiple imputation, a flexible technique that has been applied in different disease settings but not to address missing data in the primary outcome of an SLE trial.MethodsData on 279 patients with SLE randomised to standard of care (SoC) and also receiv

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Toca, Linda, Rebekka R. E. Artz, Catherine Smart, et al. "Potential for Peatland Water Table Depth Monitoring Using Sentinel-1 SAR Backscatter: Case Study of Forsinard Flows, Scotland, UK." Remote Sensing 15, no. 7 (2023): 1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071900.

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Peatland restoration has become a common land-use management practice in recent years, with the water table depth (WTD) being one of the key monitoring elements, where it is used as a proxy for various ecosystem functions. Regular, uninterrupted, and spatially representative WTD data in situ can be difficult to collect, and therefore, remotely sensed data offer an attractive alternative for landscape-scale monitoring. In this study, we illustrate the application of Sentinel-1 SAR backscatter for water table depth monitoring in near-natural and restored blanket bogs in the Flow Country of north

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Chen, Daoling, Pengpeng Cheng, and Yonggui Li. "Investigation of interactions between fabric performance, sewing process parameters and seam pucker of shirt fabric." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 16 (January 2021): 155892502110203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250211020394.

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Seam pucker is a common problem in sewing. It not only affects the appearance of product, but also affects product performance. The purpose of this study is to quantify the complex dynamic interactions between fabric performance, sewing process parameters and seam pucker. In order to solve the problem of shirt seam pucker, this study selected four kinds of shirt fabrics, three kinds of polyester sewing threads, three kinds of stitch density and four kinds of seam types for experiments. Through unitary regression analysis, the subjective and objective evaluation results are consistent. Further

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Lundy, Arnhilda Aspasia, Mila Novita, and Ida Fithriani. "MODELING THE BENEFITS OF A MARRIAGE REVERSE ANNUITY CONTRACT WITH DEPENDENCY ASSUMPTIONS USING ARCHIMEDEAN COPULA." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 18, no. 4 (2024): 2137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol18iss4pp2137-2152.

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Social security benefits may not be enough for retirement. Equity release products like marriage reverse annuities can boost retirement income for older couples. Marriage reverse annuity’s contract convert all or part of the real estate value of elderly spouses while they are living (joint life status) or after one partner dies (last survivor status). Since husband and wife face the same death risk, the chance of death between spouses is believed to be dependent for realism. Thus, copula models the future dependency model of a husband and wife. Sklar's theorem states that copulas link bivariat

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Sherk, Helen. "Visual response properties of cortical inputs to an extrastriate cortical area in the cat." Visual Neuroscience 3, no. 3 (1989): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800010002.

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AbstractThe existence of multiple areas of extrastriate visual cortex raises the question of how the response properties of each area are derived from its visual input. This question was investigated for one such area in the cat, referred to here as the Clare-Bishop area (Hubel & Wiesel, 1969); it is the region of lateral suprasylvian cortex that receives input from area 17. A novel approach was used, in which kainic acid was injected locally into the Clare-Bishop area, making it possible to record directly from afferent inputs.The response properties of the great majority of a sample of 4

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Xie, Quanyue. "Machine Learning on Wine Quality: Prediction and Feature Importance Analysis." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 41 (March 30, 2023): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v41i.6803.

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Recently, wine has become a common drink in most people's homes, but most people have different opinions on the evaluation of wine quality. Artificial intelligence can provide a relatively fair assessment and help practitioners focus on certain features to improve wine quality. This study uses decision trees and random forests to learn and predict on wine datasets and investigate feature importance to derive the features that have the greatest impact on wine quality. First of all, this study deals with the original data reasonably, and uses the IQR method to remove some outliers, specifically

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Markham, John H. "Variability of nitrogen-fixing Frankia on Alnus species." Botany 86, no. 5 (2008): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-023.

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Plants maintain mutualistic symbioses with multiple symbiont genotypes that differ in the benefits they provide. To investigate differences in the effect of nitrogen-fixing Frankia on Alnus species, spore-producing (sp+) nodules from Alnus rubra Bong. and Alnus incana subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen and non-spore-producing (sp–) nodules from Alnus viridis subsp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill, A. rubra, and A. incana subsp. rugosa were collected from each of four different populations and used to inoculate all three Alnus species. As expected, sp+ Frankia produced significantly more nodules on all three

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Jha, Manvendu, Anand Vembu, and Rishi Dhillan. "An Observational Study on Transposed Brachial Artery ‒ Basilic Vein AV Fistula in Vascular Access for Hemodialysis." Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 10, no. 2 (2023): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijves.ijves_61_22.

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Background: Dialysis access in patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on long-term hemodialysis is a problem area. Patients with poor caliber veins distally on initial evaluation or with multiple fistula failures, basilic vein transposition is a good alternative. We present our experience with basilic vein transposition at our center. Methods: This study was a single-center observational study. A retrospective review of prospectively collected data from December 2013 to June 2019 was done. Qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies/percentages and compared between groups using the C

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Dubach, Victor R. A., and Albert Guskov. "The Resolution in X-ray Crystallography and Single-Particle Cryogenic Electron Microscopy." Crystals 10, no. 7 (2020): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070580.

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X-ray crystallography and single-particle analysis cryogenic electron microscopy are essential techniques for uncovering the three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules. Both techniques rely on the Fourier transform to calculate experimental maps. However, one of the crucial parameters, resolution, is rather broadly defined. Here, the methods to determine the resolution in X-ray crystallography and single-particle analysis are summarized. In X-ray crystallography, it is becoming increasingly more common to include reflections discarded previously by traditionally used standards,

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Zhang, Ning, Guijin Wu, Zhonglang Wang, Xiulin Huo, Longqing Chen, and Fang Geng. "Phenotypic Trait Analysis for Registered Cultivars of Camellia sasanqua." HortScience 59, no. 7 (2024): 925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17832-24.

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Based on the International Camellia Register (ICR), an analysis of 1616 cultivars of Sasanqua that were registered in 2022 and earlier was conducted. This analysis focused on the resource and biological characteristics of the cultivars. Additionally, a trait diversity analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis of 118 cultivars that had complete morphological records were performed. The findings revealed a rich diversity of Sasanqua cultivars, with Japan, the United States, and Australia being the main sources. The primary flower color was red, followed by multiple colors, whi

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Daskalaki, Eva, Evangelos Koufalis, Donna Dimarchopoulou, and Athanassios C. Tsikliras. "Scientific progress made towards bridging the knowledge gap in the biology of Mediterranean marine fishes." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (2022): e0277383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277383.

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The Mediterranean Sea is a renowned biodiversity hotspot influenced by multiple interacting ecological and human forces. A gap analysis on the biology of Mediterranean marine fishes was conducted in 2017, revealing the most studied species and biological characteristics, as well as identifying knowledge gaps and areas of potential future research. Here, we updated this gap analysis five years later by reviewing the literature containing information on the same eight biological characteristics, namely length-weight relationships, growth, maximum age, mortality, spawning, maturity, fecundity and

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