Relevant bibliographies by topics / Smarandache system

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Academic literature on the topic 'Smarandache system'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 22 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Smarandache system"

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Hassan, Rebin M., and Suham H. Awla. "SMARANDACHE ANTI ZERO DIVISORS." Science Journal of University of Zakho 13, no. 1 (2025): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.1.1342.

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In this paper, we study and discuss the concept of Smarandache anti zero divisor (SAZD) element of the ring and the group ring , where is a cyclic group of order generated by . Moreover, we introduce and discuss the concept of SAZD ideal of the ring . Some results related to the given concepts are proved in detail. Accordingly, a Computer Algebra System (GAP) is used to verify the results of this study
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Ghalem, Kamel Ghanem, and Fatiha Hendel. "Dual iris authentication system using dezert smarandache theory." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 6 (2019): 4703. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp4703-4712.

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In this paper, a dual iris authentication using Dezert Smarandache theory is presented. The proposed method consists of three main steps: In the first one, the iris images are segmented in order to extract only half iris disc that contains relevant information and is less affected by noise. For that, a Hough transform is used. The segmented images are normalized by Daugman rubber sheet model. In the second step, the normalized images are analyzed by a bench of two 1D Log-Gabor filters to extract the texture characteristics. The encoding is realized with a phase of quantization developed by J. Daugman to generate the binary iris template. For the authentication and the similarity measurement between both binary irises templates, the hamming distances are used with a previously calculated threshold. The score fusion is applied using DSmC combination rule. The proposed method has been tested on a subset of iris database CASIA-IrisV3-Interval. The obtained results give a satisfactory performance with accuracy of 99.96%, FAR of 0%, FRR of 3.89%, EER of 2% and processing time for one iris image of 12.36 s.<em> </em>
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Kamel, Ghanem Ghalem, and Hendel Fatiha. "Dual iris authentication system using dezert smarandache theory." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 6 (2019): 4703–12. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp4703-4712.

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In this paper, a dual iris authentication using Dezert Smarandache theory is presented. The proposed method consists of three main steps: In the first one, the iris images are segmented in order to extract only half iris disc that contains relevant information and is less affected by noise. For that, a Hough transform is used. The segmented images are normalized by Daugman rubber sheet model. In the second step, the normalized images are analyzed by a bench of two 1D Log-Gabor filters to extract the texture characteristics. The encoding is realized with a phase of quantization developed by J. Daugman to generate the binary iris template. For the authentication and the similarity measurement between both binary irises templates, the hamming distances are used with a previously calculated threshold. The score fusion is applied using DSmC combination rule. The proposed method has been tested on a subset of iris database CASIA-IrisV3-Interval. The obtained results give a satisfactory performance with accuracy of 99.96%, FAR of 0%, FRR of 3.89%, EER of 2% and processing time for one iris image of 12.36 s.
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Alamin, Abdul, Aditi Biswas, Kamal Hossain Gazi, and Sankar Prasad Mondal Sankar. "Modelling with Neutrosophic Fuzzy Sets for Financial Applications in Discrete System." Spectrum of Engineering and Management Sciences 2, no. 1 (2024): 263–80. https://doi.org/10.31181/sems21202433a.

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A unique branch of philosophy known as "Neutrosophy" describes the nature, genesis and scope of neutralities. F. Smarandache originated the neutrosophic set. As an extension of the intuitionistic set, he showed the degree of indeterminacy as an independent component. The application of the neutrosophic numbers, that is, the financial applications in discrete systems is analysed here. In this research paper, we consider the two cases of the financial applications of the neutrosophic environment with its numerical illustration on the basis of fuzzy difference equations.
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MAO, Linfan. "Topological Multi-groups and Multi-fields." International J.Math. Combin. Vol.1 (2009) (October 1, 2009): 08–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.9102.

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Topological groups, particularly, Lie groups are very important in differential geometry, analytic mechanics and theoretical physics. Applying Smarandache multi-spaces, topological spaces, particularly, manifolds and groups were generalized to combinatorial manifolds and multi-groups underlying a combinatorial structure in references. Then whether can one generalizes their combination, i.e., topological group or Lie group to a multiple one? The answer is YES. In this paper, the author shows how to generalize topological groups and the homomorphism theorem for topological groups to multiple ones.
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ABBAS, NASSIM, and YOUCEF CHIBANI. "SVM-DSmT COMBINATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS VERIFICATION OF OFF-LINE AND ON-LINE HANDWRITTEN SIGNATURES." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 11, no. 03 (2012): 1250018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026812500186.

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A combination handwritten signature verification system is proposed for managing conflicts provided from each individual off-line and on-line support vector machine (SVM), respectively. Basically, the system is divided into three parts: (i) Off-line verification system, (ii) on-line verification system and (iii) combination module using belief function theory. The proposed framework allows combining the normalized SVM outputs and uses an estimation technique based on the dissonant model of Appriou to compute the belief assignments. Combination is performed using belief models such as Dempster-Shafer (DS) rule and proportional conflict redistribution (PCR) rule followed by the likelihood ratio-based decision making. Experiments are conducted on the well-known NISDCC signature collection using false rejection and false acceptance criteria. The obtained results show that the proposed combination framework using Dezert-Smarandache (DSm) theory yields the best verification accuracy even when individual off-line and on-line classifications provide conflicting results.
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Nicolescu, Adrian, and Mirela Teodorescu. "A Unifying Field in Logics - Book Review." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 43 (November 2014): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.43.48.

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Paradoxism is an avant-garde movement in literature, art, philosophy, science, based on excessive use of antitheses, antinomies, contradictions, parables, odds, paradoxes in creations. It was set up and led by the writer Florentin Smarandache since 1980's, who said: "The goal is to enlargement of the artistic sphere through non-artistic elements. But especially the counter-time, counter-sense creation. Also, to experiment." Paradoxism = paradox + ism, means the theory and school of using paradoxes in literary, artistic, philosophical, scientific creations. "Paradoxism started as an anti-totalitarian protest against a closed society, Romania of 1980's, where the whole culture was manipulated by a small group. Only their ideas and their publications counted. We couldn't publish almost anything. Later, I based it on contradictions. Why? Because we lived in that society a double life: an official one - propagated by the political system, and another one real. In mass-media it was promulgated that 'our life is wonderful', but in reality 'our life was miserable'. The paradox flourishing!” (Florentin Smarandache). The new theory generalizes the fuzzy logic and introduces also two new concepts: “neutrosophy”, the study of neutralities as an extension of dialectics and its derivative “neutrosophic”, such as “neutrosophic logic”, neutrosophic set”, “neutrosophic probability”, and “neutrosophic statistics” opening in this manner ways of research in four fields: philosophy, logics, set theory and probability/statistics. According to this new theory is also available Albers Einstein’s statement: “Not everything that can be controled counts and not everything that counts can be counted “
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Fujita, Takaaki, and Florentin Smarandache. "Local-Neutrosophic Logic and Local-Neutrosophic Sets: Incorporating Locality with Applications." Multicriteria Algorithms with Applications 6 (January 8, 2025): 66–86. https://doi.org/10.61356/j.mawa.2025.6457.

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The study of uncertainty has been a significant area of research, with concepts such as fuzzy sets [87], fuzzy graphs [51], and neutrosophic sets [58] receiving extensive attention. In Neutrosophic Logic, indeterminacy often arises from real-world complexities. This paper explores the concept of locality as a key factor in determining indeterminacy, building upon the framework introduced by F. Smarandache in [73]. Locality refers to processes constrained within a specific region, where an object or system is directly influenced by its immediate surroundings. In contrast, nonlocality involves effects that transcend spatial or temporal boundaries, where changes in one location have direct implications for another. This paper introduces the concepts of Local-Neutrosophic Logic and Local-Neutrosophic Set by integrating the notion of locality into Neutrosophic Logic. It provides their mathematical definitions and examines potential applications.
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Smarandache, Florentin, and Victor Christianto. "Beyond Negation and Excluded Middle: An exploration to Embrace the Otherness Beyond Classical Logic System and into Neutrosophic Logic." Prospects for Applied Mathematics and Data Analysis 2, no. 2 (2023): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/pamda.020204.

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As part of our small contribution in dialogue toward better peace development and reconciliation studies, and following Toffler Toffler’s War and Antiwar (1993), the present article delves into a realm of logic beyond the traditional confines of negation and the excluded middle principle, exploring the nuances of Otherness that transcend classical and Nagatomo logics. Departing from the foundational premises of classical Aristotelian logic systems, this exploration ventures into alternative realms of reasoning, specifically examining Neutrosophic Logic and Klein bottle logic (cf. Smarandache, 2005). The study challenges conventional boundaries and explores the implications of embracing paradoxes and self-reference in logic systems, aiming to redefine approaches to understanding truth and reasoning. The paper investigates how these alternative logics open avenues for philosophical inquiry, redefining entropy, and potentially influencing innovative perspectives in free energy systems. Through this exploration, it seeks to expand the discourse on logic, welcoming a broader spectrum of thought beyond established frameworks; and we also discuss shortly a number of possible implementations including in risk management and also Klein bottle entropy redefinition (Tang et al, 2018).
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HUANG, XINHAN, XINDE LI, MIN WANG, and JEAN DEZERT. "A FUSION MACHINE BASED ON DSMT AND PCR5 FOR ROBOT'S MAP RECONSTRUCTION." International Journal of Information Acquisition 03, no. 03 (2006): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878906000964.

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Characteristics of uncertainty, imprecision, and even imperfection are presented from knowledge acquisition in map reconstruction using sonar sensors fixed on autonomous mobile robot. In order to improve the precision of the fusion and performances of map reconstruction, we propose in this paper a new fusion machine based on Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) coupled with the fifth Proportional Conflict Redistribution rule (PCR5) for dealing with uncertain and conflicting evidences provided by homogeneous or heterogeneous sources of information. We propose a belief model for sonar grid map and show how to construct efficiently generalized basic belief assignment functions for sensors onboard. A Pioneer II mobile robot with 16 sonar range finders serves as the experiment platform. In our experiment, the robot evolves in a real environment with some obstacles and the environment map is rebuilt online with our self-developing software platform. In this study, we also compare our new approach with other ones based on probability theory, fuzzy theory, Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) and gray system theory. Our results show an improvement of the performances in precision of map reconstruction of mobile robot with respect to those obtained from aforementioned classical approaches.
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Book chapters on the topic "Smarandache system"

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Miaohua, Liu, Song Xiuchao, and Jao Hongying. "The Computer Formula of the Smarandache Dual Function." In Advances in Intelligent, Interactive Systems and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02804-6_123.

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Gomathi Nayagam, V. Lakshmana, Daniel P., and Bharanidharan R. "Interval Valued Neutrosophic Information System and Its Applications to Decision Making." In Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering. IGI Global, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3204-7.ch017.

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Smarandache introduced neutrosophic sets, interval-valued / n-valued refined neutrosophic sets due to their utility in various research fields. Multi criteria decision making problem in which evaluations of the alternatives based on criteria are given in the form of single-valued / interval-valued neutrosophic triplets (SVNT / IVNT) is an important area in neutrosophic research. Nayagam, et al have developed total ordering method to rank SVNT / IVNT. Few dominance-based ranking techniques have also been developed in the recent years to identify the best alternative in an information system. In this article, single valued and interval valued neutrosophic information systems (SVNIS and IVNIS) are introduced by defining generalized weighted dominance relation on objects and generalized weighted dominance degree of objects. Further, IVNIS is compared with Intuitionistic fuzzy interval information system (IFIIS) by an example. Further, algorithms to identify optimal objects from SVNIS / IVNIS are developed and are illustrated through numerical examples.
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Davydenko, Yevhen, and Alyona Shved. "THE METHODOLOGY OF SYNTHESIS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR DECISION SUPPORT UNDER COMPLEX FORMS OF IGNORANCE." In Theoretical and practical aspects of science development. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-355-2-11.

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An important problem of system analysis is the disclosure of uncertainties due to the variety of purposes, properties and features of the studied objects and processes. The analysis and management of various types of ignorance is of primary importance, since the processes of intelligent technologies creating always proceed under contradiction, incompleteness, inaccuracy, uncertainty connected with processes of obtaining and processing of datasets and expert knowledges. The purpose of the paper is to improve the theoretical and methodological foundations of the synthesis of information technologies for decision-making under complex forms of ignorance. Methodology of the study is based on system analysis methods, decision-making theory, theory of evidence (Dempster-Shafer theory, DST), theory of plausible and paradoxical reasoning (Dezert-Smarandache theory, DSmT). Results. The methodology for the synthesis of information technologies for the generation of individual and group management decisions under multi-criteria, multi alternatives and different types of ignorance has been proposed in this paper. In addition to certain types of ignorance, the situations occurring under the influence of complex forms of ignorance modeled by framework of Dempster-Shafer and Dezert-Smarandache theories have been analyzed. In this case, conditions of mutual exclusivity and/or mutual exhaustion of elements of the initial dataset are imposed. The paper proposes a procedure for choosing an expert evidence combination rule, which is based on the determination of quantitative indicators of uncertainty. The proposed technique allows to filter out from the initial set of combination rules acceptable for solving the problem under consideration that part of rules that does not satisfy the imposed restrictions and conditions. Next, for each pair of expert evidence that are combined, choose a rule that minimizes the value of the contradiction measure and maximizes the value of specificity measure for the result of combination. Practical implications. The proposed methodology and information technology provide a theoretical and practical foundations for intelligent support of processes of acquisition (synthesis), processing, and analysis data and expert knowledges under complex types of ignorance in decision support systems. Value/originality. The proposed methodology for synthesis of information technologies provides intellectual support for the processes of preparation and support of effective and optimal management decisions when solving non-criteria and multi-criteria problems under complex forms of ignorance generated by the simultaneous presence of two or more types of ignorance, such as importance + inconsistency (conflict), uncertainty + contradiction, uncertainty + inaccuracy.
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Conference papers on the topic "Smarandache system"

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Wu, Xiao-tian, Yong-kuo Liu, Zhen Liu, and Fei Xie. "Research on Simultaneous Faults Diagnosis for Nuclear Power Plant Based on Dezert-Smarandache Theory." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15906.

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Since the nuclear power plant is complex in structure and high-requirement in reliability, it is meaningful for the safety to build an intelligent faults diagnosis system. In recent years the Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) was put forward to relax the constraint of the exclusivity and provides a new way to deal with simultaneous and multiple faults. In this paper, a fusion model has been built and divided into three levels. The original data of the sensor has been decrease in data level. And then the BP neural network have been used for primary diagnosis and import the result to decision level as the generalized basic belief assignment of DSmT. After that the DSmT fuse all the evidence and make a decision. Finally, the method was tested by the data of SGTR, LOCA and main pump accident. And the results indicate that it can diagnose not only single fault, but also simultaneous and multi-faults accurately, and has some application value.
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Ren, Jinshen, Botao Jiang, and Fuyu Zhao. "Simultaneous Fault Diagnosis of the Reactor Coolant System Based on the DSM Evidence Theory." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16209.

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Fault diagnosis of nuclear power plant (NPP) has become a major research topic in ensuring the reliability and safety for the NPP operation. In the light of complexity and information uncertainty of nuclear reactor coolant system, some diagnosis techniques based on the multi-sensor information fusion theories have been widely used. As one part of the those theories, the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory excelled in demonstrating and combining uncertain information has witnessed a wide range of applications in the fault diagnosis fields. It can be inferred from the previous studies that the fault diagnosis method based on the D-S theory is efficient; However, this method is mainly intended for single fault diagnosis. In fact, in practical application, simultaneous faults often occur. Based on the DSm theory (Dezert-Smarandache theory of plausible and paradoxical reasoning), this paper proposes a simultaneous fault diagnosis method, which is intended to deal with the simultaneous faults in the reactor coolant system and adequately cope with the sensor information uncertainty. This method can be divided into four steps. Firstly, with the features of the simultaneous fault considered, a diagnosis model of the simultaneous fault is designed, which is based on the DSm theory. Secondly, for the instant information of each senor, the fuzzy membership degree is used to set the corresponding basic probability assignment (BPA) function for each sensor. Thirdly, the above-mentioned BPA functions are combined by utilizing the classic DSm rules. Finally, a decision on the basis of maximum support rule and absolute support rule is made to determine the real fault modes. After that, the experiments on the test-bed are conducted to prove the efficiency of this method.
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Li, Xinde. "The problem of entropy production in the classic rule of combination in the Dezert-Smarandache theory." In 2013 10th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2013.6816275.

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