Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Smart and Wearable Devices'

The market for wearable devices is continuously growing and has seen an in- crease in interest and demand this past year, specifically smartwatch devices. With several big players entering and trying to take place in the market the number of devices and platforms grow. This leads to device and software fragmentation like the one seen in the world of smartphones. In this paper I discuss and compare the two smartwatch platforms Android Wear and Apple Watch in terms of possibilities, limitations and differences. Research is done to find cross-platform development possibilities for these platforms. Extensive theoretical background of both APIs is researched and presented. An app for both smartwatch platforms is developed with integration of the WebSocket protocol to function as a remote control for a Video-On-Demand web service. This is done to showcase the cross-platform possibilities and differences of the platforms. As a result the biggest differences are out- lined and a conclusion is made that cross-platform development for these platforms can be challenging but is possible on certain levels.

La prolifération des objets communicants fixes et mobiles soulève la question de leur intégration dans les environnements quotidiens, par exemple dans le cadre de la e-santé ou de la domotique. Les principaux défis soulevés relèvent de l’interconnexion et de la gestion de la masse de donnée produite par ces objets intelligents. Notre premier objectif est d’adopter une démarche des couches basses vers les couches hautes pour faciliter l’intégration de ces objets à des services intelligents. Afin de développer celle-ci, il est nécessaire de d’étudier le processus de conception des objets intelligents indépendamment de considérations matérielles et logicielles, au travers de la considération de leur propriétés cyber-physiques. Pour mener à bien la réalisation de services intelligents à partir d’objets connectés, les deux axes de recherche suivant seront développés : la définition d’une méthode de conception orientée service pour les objets connectés intégrant une dimension formelle ainsi de valider le comportement de ceux-ci, l’auto-adaptation intelligente dans un contexte évolutif permettant aux objets de raisonner sur eux même au travers d’un langage déclaratif pour spécifier les stratégies d’adaptation. La validation de ces contributions s’effectuera par le biais du développement et de l’expérimentation à grandeur nature d’un service de diagnostic médical continu basé sur la collecte de données médicales en masse par des réseaux non-intrusifs de capteurs biomédicaux portables sur le corps humain
The rapid growth of fixed and mobile smart objects raises the issue of their integration in everyday environment, e.g. in e-health or home-automation contexts. The main challenges of these objects are the interoperability, the handling of the massive amount of data that they generate, and their limited resources. Our goal is to take a bottom-up approach in order to improve the integration of smart devices to smart services. To ensure the efficient development of our approach, we start with the study of the design process of such devices regardless of specific hardware or software through the consideration of their cyber-physical properties. We thus develop two research directions: the specification of a service-oriented design method for smart devices with formal considerations in order to validate their behavior, and the proposal of a self-adaptation framework in order to handle changing operating context through self-reasoning and the definition of a declarative self-adaptation objectives specification language. The testing of these contributions will be realized through the development of a large-scale experimental framework based on a remote diagnostics case-study relying on non-invasive wearable biomedical sensors

L'obiettivo della tesi è progettare un'architettura abilitante per scenari smart health, concentrandosi sulla parte end-user (non sulla parte server-cloud), ossia sperimentando l'ambito dei wearable devices e facendo riferimento al binomio fitness-Apple Watch, comodo perchè presente nell'azienda FitStadium che ci fornisce motivazioni, requisiti e goals. Nel primo capitolo si analizzeranno le soluzioni offerte attualmente dal mercato per la realizzazione di servizi legati al fitness, focalizzandosi in particolare sulle architetture proposte e come quest'ultime possano convivere con l'ecosistema FitStadium. Il secondo capitolo è riservato invece all'approfondimento delle tecnologie Apple, che verranno utilizzate concretamente per la realizzazione del caso di studio. Ancora una volta si farà attenzione alle possibilità architetturali offerte da queste tecnologie. Nel terzo capitolo viene trattato nella sua interezza il caso di studio, analizzandone in particolare lo stato pre e post tesi. Verrà cioè descritta l'applicazione implementata insieme alla presentazione di un'architettura abilitante anche per gli scenari smart health. Infine, all'interno del capito 4 viene descritto più precisamente il concetto di smart health e il percorso che ha condotto alla sua definizione.

The goal of this master's thesis is to analyze the situation of wearable devices with the Android Wear operating system and recognition capabilities of various movement activities using neural networks. The primary focus is therefore on identifying and describing the most appropriate tool for recognizing dynamic movements using machine learning methods based on data obtained from this type of devices. The practical part of the thesis then comments on the implementation of a stand-alone Android Wear application capable of recording and formatting data from sensors, training the neural network in a designed external desktop tool, and then reusing trained neural network for motion recognition directly on the device.

京都大学
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(情報学)
甲第22578号
情博第715号
新制||情||123(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻
(主査)教授 黒田 知宏, 教授 守屋 和幸, 教授 吉川 正俊
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Informatics
Kyoto University
DFAM

In recent years, due to the combination of technological advances in the fields ofmeasurement instrumentation, communications, home-health care and textile-technology thedevelopment of medical devices has shifted towards applications of personal healthcare.There are well known the available solutions for heart rate monitoring successfully providedby Polar and Numetrex. Furthermore new monitoring applications are also investigated. Amongthese non-invasive monitoring applications, it is possible to find several ones enable bymeasurements of Electrical Bioimpedance.Analog Devices has developed the AD5933 Impedance Network Analyzer which facilitatesto a large extent the design and implementation of Electrical Bioimpedance Spectrometers in amuch reduced space. Such small size allows the development of a fully wearable bioimpedancemeasurement.With the development of a Electrical Bioimpedance-enable wearable medical device in focusfor personal healthcare monitoring, in this project, the issue of power management has beentargeted and a battery-driven Electrical Bioimpedance Spectrometer based in the AD5933 hasbeen implemented. The resulting system has the possibility to operate with a Li-Po battery with apower autonomy over 17 hours.

Industrie 4.0 und aktuelle Entwicklungen in dem Bereich der produzierenden Unternehmen erfordern hohe Anpassungsleistungen von Menschen und von Maschinen gleichermaßen. In Smart Factories werden Produktionsmitarbeiter zu Wissensarbeitern. Dazu bedarf es neben neuen, intelligenten, technischen Lösungen auch neuer Ansätze für Arbeitsorganisation, Trainings- und Qualifizierungskonzepte, die mit adaptierbaren technischen Systemen flexibel zusammenarbeiten. Das durch die EU geförderte Projekt Factory2Fit entwickelt Lösungen für die Mensch-Technik-Interaktion in automatisierten Produktionssystemen, welche eine hohe Anpassungsfähigkeit an die Fähigkeiten, Kompetenzen und Präferenzen der individuellen Mitarbeiter bieten und damit gleichzeitig den Herausforderungen einer höchst kundenindividuellen Produktion gewachsen sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die grundlegenden Ziele und Ideen des Projektes vorgestellt sowie die Ansätze des Quantified-self im Arbeitskontext, die adaptive Automatisierung inklusive der verschiedenen Level der Automation sowie die spezifische Anwendung des partizipatorischen Designs näher beleuchtet. In den nächsten Arbeitsschritten innerhalb des Projektes gilt es nun, diese Konzepte um- und einzusetzen sowie zu validieren. Die interdisziplinäre Arbeitsweise sowie der enge Kontakt zwischen Wissenschafts-, Entwicklungs- und Anwendungspartnern sollten dazu beitragen, den Herausforderungen bei der Realisierung erfolgreich zu begegnen und zukunftsträchtige Smart Factory-Lösungen zu implementieren. Das Projekt Factory2Fit wird im Rahmen von Horizon 2020, dem EU Rahmenprogramm für Forschung und Innovation (H2020/2014-2020), mit dem Förderkennzeichen 723277 gefördert.

Negli ultimi anni, le reti wireless sono diventate una realtà onnipresente, affidabile e ben accetta. Questo è particolarmente vero per reti come il Bluetooth e il Wi-Fi, che oggi si incontrano praticamente ovunque e vengono usate per le applicazioni più disparate. In molti casi, quando si usa un chip commerciale, il progetti-sta può limitarsi a lavorare sui livelli più alti della pila dei protocolli e limitarsi ad implementare il livello ap-plicazione. In altri casi, il progettista deve scendere giù lungo la pila e lavorare ad un livello più basso, sul quale può vedere e controllare alcuni parametri di rete cui non può avere accesso dal livello applicazione. Capita, ad esempio, quando una delle specifiche del sistema da progettare è il real-time, oppure il data rate richiesto è elevato e l’allocazione della banda disponibile va ottimizzata al massimo. I simulatori esistenti di solito consentono al progettista di lavorare solo con descrizioni molto astratte del sistema, nascondendo al-cuni parametri (come il packet error rate, la potenza sul canale, i pacchetti persi e così via) che invece in molte applicazioni è importante conoscere. Per questo motivo, lo scopo di questa tesi è presentare un nuovo tipo di simulatore Bluetooth che sia più vicino a quella che sarà l’implementazione vera e propria del sistema finale. Descriveremo alcune applicazioni, come la trasmissione di audio real-time, e vedremo come queste applicazioni possano essere adattate anche a standard diversi dal Bluetooth, come l’802.15.4, mediante l’introduzione di un opportuno (e migliorato) vocoder. A sostegno della progettazione del simulatore, presen-teremo un ambiente di sviluppo grafico che permette di disegnare i sistemi da progettare e di visualizzare le forme d’onda a debugging time, oltre che eseguire il comune debug su codice.
In recent years, wireless networks have become an ubiquitous, affordable and well-accepted reality. This is particularly true for networks such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, which today are almost everywhere and are used for the most different applications. In many cases, when using an off-the-shelf chip, the designer can limit himself to work on the highest levels of the protocol stack and to simply implement the application layer. In other cases, the designer must go down through the stack and work on a lower level where he can see and control some network parameters that he cannot access from the application layer. It happens, for instance, when he has to design a real-time system, or when the required data-rate is high and the available bandwidth allocation must be accurately tailored. Existing simulators usually let the designer work only with very abstract system description, hiding some parameters (such as the packet error rate, the signal power, the corrupted packets, and so on) which many applications have to be aware of. For this reason, the goal of this thesis is to present a new kind of Bluetooth simulator which matches closely the real world implementation of the desired system. We will describe some applications, such as the real-time audio transmission, and we’ll see how these applications can be adapted for other wireless standards, such as the IEEE 802.15.4, with the introduction of a well chosen (and improved) speech vocoder. As a design-helping tool we will present a graphical design environment that let the user draw the system he wants to design, and see the waveform while the debugging is in progress.

Although current head imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are capable of providing accurate diagnosis of brain injuries such as stroke and brain tumour, they have several limitations including high cost, long scanning time, bulky and mostly stationary. On the other hand, radar-based microwave imaging technology can offer a low cost, non-invasive and non-ionisation method to complement these existing imaging techniques. Moreover, a compact and wearable device for microwave head imaging is required to facilitate frequent or real-time monitoring of a patient by providing more comfort to the patient. Therefore, a wearable head imaging device would be a significant advantage compared to the existing wideband microwave head sensing devices which typically utilise rigid antenna structure. Furthermore, the wearable device can be integrated into different microwave imaging setups such as real-time wearable head imaging systems, portable systems and conventional stationary imaging tools for use in hospitals and clinics. This thesis presents the design and development of wearable devices utilising flexible antenna arrays and compact radio frequency (RF) switching circuits for wideband microwave head imaging applications. The design and characterisation of sensing antennas using flexible materials for the wearable head imaging device are presented in the first stage of this study. There are two main variations of monopole antennas that have been developed in this research, namely trapezoidal and elliptical configurations. The antennas have been fabricated using different flexible substrate materials such as flexible FR-4, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and textile. Wideband performances of the antennas have been achieved by optimising their co-planar waveguide feeding line structures. Importantly, the efficiencies of the fabricated antennas have been tested using a realistic human head phantom by evaluating their impedance matching performances when operating in close proximity to the head phantom. The second stage of the study presents the development of wearable antenna arrays using the proposed flexible antennas. The first prototype has been built using an array of 12 flexible antennas and a conformal absorbing material backed with a conductive sheet to suppress the back lobe radiation of the monopole antennas. Additionally, the absorber also acts as a mounting base to hold the antennas where the wearable device can be comfortably worn like a hat during the measurement and monitoring processes. The effect of mutual coupling between adjacent antennas in the array has been investigated and optimised. However, the use of the absorbing material makes the device slightly rigid where it can only be fitted on a specific head size. Thus, a second prototype has been developed by using a head band to realise a stretchable configuration that can be mounted on different sizes of human heads. Furthermore, due to the stretchable characteristic of the prototype, the antennas can be firmly held in their positions when measurements are made. In addition, fully textile based sensing antennas are employed in this prototype making it perfectly suitable for monitoring purposes. Low cost and compact switching circuits to provide switching mechanism for the wearable antenna array are presented in the third stage of this study. The switching circuit is integrated with the antenna array to form a novel wearable microwave head imaging device eliminating the use of external bulky switching network. The switching circuit has been built using off-the-shelf components where it can be controlled wirelessly over Bluetooth connection. Then, a new integrated switching circuit prototype has been fabricated using 6-layer printed circuit board (PCB) technology. For the purpose of impedance matching for the radio-frequency (RF) routing lines on the circuit, a wideband Microstrip-to-Microstrip transition is utilised. The final stage of this study investigates the efficacy and sensitivity of the proposed wearable devices by performing experiments on developed realistic human head phantoms. Initially, a human head phantom has been fabricated using food-based ingredients such as tap water, sugar, salt, and agar. Subsequently, lamb's brains have been used to improve the head phantom employed in the experiments to better mimic the heterogeneous human brain. In terms of imaging process, an interpolation technique developed using experimental data has been proposed to assist the localisation of a haemorrhage stroke location using the confocal delay-and-sum algorithm. This new technique is able to provide sensible accuracy of the location of the blood clot inside the brain. The wearable antenna arrays using flexible antennas and their integrations with compact and low cost switching circuits reported in this thesis make valuable contribution to microwave head imaging field. It is expected that a low-cost, compact and wearable radar-based microwave head imaging can be fully realised in the future for wide range of applications including static scanning setup in hospitals, portable equipment in ambulances and as a standalone wearable head monitoring system for remote and real-time monitoring purposes.

There is a current trend towards the use of wearable biomedical devices for the purpose of recording various biosignals, such as electrocardiograms (ECG). Wearable devices have different issues and challenges compared to nonwearable ones, including motion artifacts and contact characteristics related to body-conforming materials. Due to this susceptibility to noise and artifacts, signals acquired from wearable devices may lead to incorrect interpretations, including false alarms and misdiagnoses. This research addresses two challenges of wearable devices. First, it investigates the effect of applied pressure on biopotential electrodes that are in contact with the skin. The pressure affects skin–electrode impedance, which impacts the quality of the acquired signal. We propose a setup for measuring skin–electrode impedance during a sequence of applied calibrated pressures. The Cole–Cole impedance model is utilized to model the skin–electrode interface. Model parameters are extracted and compared in each state of measurement with respect to the amount of pressure applied. The results indicate that there is a large change in the magnitude of skin–electrode impedance when the pressure is applied for the first time, and slight changes in impedance are observed with successive application and release of pressure. Second, this research assesses the quality of ECG signals to reduce issues related to poor-quality signals, such as false alarms. We design an algorithm based on Deep Belief Networks (DBN) to distinguish clean from contaminated ECGs and validate it by applying real clean ECG signals taken from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database of Physionet and contaminated signals with motion artifacts at varying signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The results demonstrate that the algorithm can recognize clean from contaminated signals with an accuracy of 99.5% for signals with an SNR of -10 dB. Once low- and high-quality signals are separated, low-quality signals can undergo additional pre-processing to mitigate the contaminants, or they can simply be discarded. This approach is applied to reduce the false alarms caused by poor-quality ECG signals in atrial fibrillation (AFib) detection algorithms. We propose a signal quality gating system based on DBN and validate it with AFib signals taken from the MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation database of Physionet. Without gating, the AFib detection accuracy was 87% for clean ECGs, but it markedly decreased as the SNR decreased, with an accuracy of 58.7% at an SNR of -20 dB. With signal quality gating, the accuracy remained high for clean ECGs (87%) and increased for low SNR signals (81% for an SNR of -20 dB). Furthermore, since the desired level of quality is application dependent, we design a DBN-based algorithm to quantify the quality of ECG signals. Real ECG signals with various types of arrhythmias, contaminated with motion artifacts at several SNR levels, are thereby classified based on their SNRs. The results show that our algorithm can perform a multi-class classification with an accuracy of 99.4% for signals with an SNR of -20 dB and an accuracy of 91.2% for signals with an SNR of 10 dB.

In this thesis we explore if a proposed random binary sequence generation algorithm can be combined with a separately proposed symmetric key agreement protocol to provide usable security for communications in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). Other previous works in this area fall short by only considering key generation between two of the same signals or allowing for key generation between two different types of signals but with the cost of a significant signal collection time requirement. We hoped to advance this area of research by making secure key generation more efficient with less signal collection time and allowing keys to be generated between two sensors that measure two different physiological signals. However, while the binary sequence generation algorithm and key agreement protocol perform well separately, they do not perform well together. The combined approach yields keys that have good properties for use in a WBAN, but the generation rate is low.

With the rapid growth and use of wearable devices over the last decade, the advantages of using portable wearable devices are now been utilised for day to day activities. These wearable devices are designed to be flexible, low profile, light-weight and smoothly integrated into daily life. Wearable transmission lines are required to transport RF signals between various pieces of wearable communication equipment and to connect fabric based antennas to transmitters and receivers; the stitched transmission line is one of the hardware solutions developed to enhance the connectivity between these wearable devices. Textile manufacturing techniques that employ the use of sewing machines alongside conductive textile materials can be used to fabricate the stitched transmission line. In this thesis the feasibility of using a sewing machine in fabrication of a novel stitched transmission line for wearable devices using the idea of a braided coaxial cable have been examined. The sewing machine used is capable of a zig-zag stitch with approximate width and length within the range of 0-6 mm and 0-4mm respectively. The inner conductor and the tubular insulated layer of the stitched transmission lines were selected as RG 174, while the stitched shields were made up of copper wires and conductive threads from Light Stiches®. For shielding purpose, the structure is stitched onto a denim material with a conductive thread with the aid of a novel manufacturing technique using a standard hardware. The Scattering Parameters of the stitched transmission line were investigated with three different stitch angles 85°, 65° and 31° through simulation and experiments, with the results demonstrating that the stitched transmission line can work usefully and consistently from 0.04 to 4GHz. The extracted Scattering parameters indicated a decrease in DC loss with increased stitch angle and an increase in radiation loses, which tends to increase with increase in frequency. The proposed stitched transmission line makes a viable transmission line but a short stitch length is associated with larger losses through resistance. The DC losses observed are mainly influenced by the resistance of the conductive threads at lower frequencies while the radiation losses are influenced by the wider apertures related to the stitch angles and increase in frequency along the line. The performances of the stitched transmission line with different stitch patterns, when subjected to washing cycles and when bent through curved angles 90° and 180° were also investigated and results presented. Also, the sensitivity of the design to manufacturing tolerances was also considered. First the behaviour of the stitched transmission line with two different substrates Denim and Felt were investigated with the results indicating an insignificant increase in losses with the Denim material. Secondly, the sensitivity of the design with variations in cross section dimensions was investigated using numerical modelling techniques and the results showed that the impedance of the stitched transmission line increases when the cross sectional dimensions are decreased by 0.40mm and decreases when the cross sectional dimensions are increased by 0.40mm. Equally, repeatability of the stitched transmission line with three different stitch angles 85°, 65° and 31° were carried out. The results were seen to be consistent up to 2.5GHz, with slight deviations above that, which are mainly as a result of multiple reflections along the line resulting in loss ripples. The DC resistance of the stitched transmission line with three different stitch angles 85°, 65° and 31° corresponding to the number of stitches 60,90 and 162 were computed and a mathematical relationship was derived for computing the DC resistance of the stitch transmission line for any given number of stitches. The DC resistance computed results of 25.6Ω, 17.3Ω and 13.1Ω, for 31°, 65° and 85° stitch angles, indicated an increase in DC resistance of the stitch with decrease in stitch angle which gives rise to an increase in number of stitches. The transfer impedance of the stitched transmission line was also computed at low frequency (< 1GHz) to be ZT=(0.24+j1.09)Ω, with the result showing the effectiveness of the shield of the stitched transmission line at low frequency (< 1GHz).

Industrial robots are delivering more and more manipulation services in manufacturing. However, when the task is complex, it is difficult to programme a robot to fulfil all the requirements because even a relatively simple task such as a peg-in-hole insertion contains many uncertainties, e.g. clearance, initial grasping position and insertion path. Humans, on the other hand, can deal with these variations using their vision and haptic feedback. Although humans can adapt to uncertainties easily, most of the time, the skilled based performances that relate to their tacit knowledge cannot be easily articulated. Even though the automation solution may not fully imitate human motion since some of them are not necessary, it would be useful if the skill based performance from a human could be firstly interpreted and modelled, which will then allow it to be transferred to the robot. This thesis aims to reduce robot programming efforts significantly by developing a methodology to capture, model and transfer the manual manufacturing skills from a human demonstrator to the robot. Recently, Learning from Demonstration (LfD) is gaining interest as a framework to transfer skills from human teacher to robot using probability encoding approaches to model observations and state transition uncertainties. In close or actual contact manipulation tasks, it is difficult to reliabley record the state-action examples without interfering with the human senses and activities. Therefore, wearable sensors are investigated as a promising device to record the state-action examples without restricting the human experts during the skilled execution of their tasks. Firstly to track human motions accurately and reliably in a defined 3-dimensional workspace, a hybrid system of Vicon and IMUs is proposed to compensate for the known limitations of the individual system. The data fusion method was able to overcome occlusion and frame flipping problems in the two camera Vicon setup and the drifting problem associated with the IMUs. The results indicated that occlusion and frame flipping problems associated with Vicon can be mitigated by using the IMU measurements. Furthermore, the proposed method improves the Mean Square Error (MSE) tracking accuracy range from 0.8˚ to 6.4˚ compared with the IMU only method. Secondly, to record haptic feedback from a teacher without physically obstructing their interactions with the workpiece, wearable surface electromyography (sEMG) armbands were used as an indirect method to indicate contact feedback during manual manipulations. A muscle-force model using a Time Delayed Neural Network (TDNN) was built to map the sEMG signals to the known contact force. The results indicated that the model was capable of estimating the force from the sEMG armbands in the applications of interest, namely in peg-in-hole and beater winding tasks, with MSE of 2.75N and 0.18N respectively. Finally, given the force estimation and the motion trajectories, a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based approach was utilised as a state recognition method to encode and generalise the spatial and temporal information of the skilled executions. This method would allow a more representative control policy to be derived. A modified Gaussian Mixture Regression (GMR) method was then applied to enable motions reproduction by using the learned state-action policy. To simplify the validation procedure, instead of using the robot, additional demonstrations from the teacher were used to verify the reproduction performance of the policy, by assuming human teacher and robot learner are physical identical systems. The results confirmed the generalisation capability of the HMM model across a number of demonstrations from different subjects; and the reproduced motions from GMR were acceptable in these additional tests. The proposed methodology provides a framework for producing a state-action model from skilled demonstrations that can be translated into robot kinematics and joint states for the robot to execute. The implication to industry is reduced efforts and time in programming the robots for applications where human skilled performances are required to cope robustly with various uncertainties during tasks execution.

Piezoelectric polymer materials have been under investigation since the 1970’s starting with the discovery of the piezoelectric effect in PVDF films by Kawai. Since then the piezoelectric effect has been detected among other polymers in polyureas, polyamides, and polypropylene and their copolymers. While the investigation of the piezoelectric effect was largely carried out on the film form of the polymers since 2010 interest has developed into the production methods, properties and applicability of melt spun piezoelectric textile fibres made of these polymers. The application of piezoelectric fibres could have a significant impact in wearable textiles as sensors, actuators, or energy harvesting modules. Current research is mostly centred onto production methods and fibre crystallinity characterization. The research carried out in this PhD by publication project is concerned with piezoelectric textile fibres as electrically active elements. As such the research focused on the electrical behaviour of the fibres. The work carried out was threefold. Specifically, wearable textile materials undergo cleaning/ care treatments that are intrinsic to their function as wearables. These treatments may include washing, dry cleaning or sponging. Washing (cleaning treatment in a solution mainly containing water and an appropriate detergent at an elevated temperature or room temperature) is a common cleaning method. The effects of washing cycles on melt spun piezoelectric fibres remain under-investigated. For the first part of the research, piezoelectric melt spun fibres (PVDF, PP and PA-11) with two different cross sections (circular and rectangular), were mechanically stimulated by a rotating fin that impacted the fibres periodically. The resulting Vp-p (peek to peek voltage), was measured on the original fibres and on the fibres following one wash cycle (adapted BS EN ISO 105-C06), using an oscilloscope. Based on the results of this part of the research it was shown that the washing cycle effected the voltage response of the fibres depending on the fibre cross section and the fibre composition. The results of the research were presented in a paper titled “Investigation of the durability and stability of piezoelectric textile fibres” published in the Journal of Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures. For the second part of the research, it was noted that according to the existing literature the research approach for the determination of the electrical response of the fibres utilized exclusively the measurement of the voltage produced by mechanical excitation of the fibres, in open circuit conditions. This approach is not sufficient to satisfactorily characterise the electrical behaviour of the fibres as power generating elements. By contrast, a sufficient measurement is the power production of the fibres as this also includes a measurement of the current produced. In order to supply these measurements a testing apparatus/ methodology was developed. The apparatus consists of a measuring station where the voltage and current produced are measured, and a means for periodic mechanical stimulation of the specimens. The equipment was used to determine the power generated by piezoelectric melt spun fibres (PVDF, PP and PA-11) with two different cross sections (circular and rectangular). The results of the research were presented in a paper titled “On the Measurement of the Electrical Power Produced by Melt Spun Piezoelectric Textile Fibres” published in the Journal of Electronic Materials. Finally, considering the underlying premise of integration of fully textile based electronic components into textile substrates (e.g. wearable applications), 3D knitted fabrics that incorporated piezoelectric melt spun fibres were investigated with regards to their capacitive behaviour. Four different fabric structures were examined (different composition of the outside layers and different thickness). The capacitive behaviour of the samples was modelled based on the specific structural characteristics of the fabrics and the actual properties were determined using an Impedance Analyzer. Based on the results it was found that the theoretical model for the calculation of the capacitance of the samples appeared to be an acceptable approximation for the behaviour of the fabrics. Also, the ability to customise the required capacitance to suit the applications by specifying the dimensions of the 3D fabric and/or the density, the thickness or even the material of the interlaced fibres has also been shown to be possible. Moreover, reviewing the results of a resonance test for a purely textile based parallel LC circuit, it was shown that it is possible to implement resonant circuits that are convenient for basic electronic applications (i.e. oscillators, filters, etc.). The results of the research were presented in a paper titled “Three-dimensional weft-knitted textile fabrics-based capacitors” published in the Journal of the Textile Institute. This research project touched on some of the less thoroughly investigated research areas connected to the efficiency and durability of piezoelectric melt spun fibres and structures, with innovative results such as the development/ construction of the equipment that can be used for the measurement of the power produced by piezoelectric textile fibres as well as the investigation of the capacitive behaviour of the 3D knitted fabrics incorporating piezoelectric textile fibres and the conclusion that resonance is possible to achieve in a purely textile LC parallel circuit.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux systèmes intelligents pour des applicationsmédicales et cosmétiques. Ainsi, nous avons conçu et réalisé trois instruments. Le premier estdédié à la mesure de la mouillabilité de la peau. L’originalité de ce dispositif réside en sa capacité àdonner une image 3D de la goûte de la surface de la peau explorée et de donner le comportementdynamique de la goûte. Cette stratégie nous donnera la possibilité de créer de nouvelles basesde données relatives à la mouillabilité de tout le corps humain. En effet, nous disposons que desdonnées sur la mouillabilité de l’avant-bras. Le deuxième instrument intelligent concerne la mesurede la réflectance d’une surface. Ce dispositif assure une mesure de très haute résolution angulairede la BRDF et une très bonne répétabilité de la mesure. Il a été validé sur la peau pour la mesurede l’ éclat. Et enfin le troisième instrument, basé sur une méthode originale de mesure de vibrationà l’aide d’un système de stéréo-vision associée à un motif périodique. Il a été appliqué pour lamesure du mouvement thoracique et abdominal lors de la respiration. Notre principale motivationpour développer ce système fut la réduction des artefacts, dus aux mouvements d’un patient lorsd’un examen radiologique
Smart Devices have been widely used by health care and cosmetics professionals. Indeed, they helpin many aspects of clinical practice by providing an efficient way for medical diagnosis, supportingbetter clinical decision-making and improving patient outcomes. In this thesis, we have beeninterested in three applications. The first one is related to the wettability measurement, especially forthe human skin. So we propose, a held-hand device that is based on the contact angle measurementto determine skin wettability. Besides, the device allows the visualization of the liquid dropletspreading in both dynamic and static modes. Moreover, it can measure the top and the left views ofthe droplet and provides the 3D droplet and the skin explored area profiles. The second applicationpermits the skin radiance measurement. For this purpose, we propose a miniaturized device havingan original method for the BRDF measurement associated with 3D profile measurement of the areastudied. As regards the third application, it is a non-invasive method for breath measurement that usesa stereovision system and a pseudo-periodic pattern. This system allows a high-resolution threedimensionaldisplacement measurement for the recording of the thoracoabdominal wall respiratorymovement. The devices developed during this research gives us a high accuracy, a good resolutionand repeatability of measurements

Magic Carpet, nato come un middleware orientato a una dimostrazione sullo spatial computing, che inizialmente coinvolgeva solo smart devices ed un tappeto di tag NFC, è il punto di partenza per uno studio sulle tecnologie abilitanti in tale campo. Il prodotto finale è una toolchain per lo sviluppo e la distribuzione, su dispositivi connessi, di applicazioni di spatial computing. Essa comprende un interprete per un DSL basato su un core calculus formalizzato, Field Calculus, e un middleware che supporta l'astrazione curando, a basso livello, le comunicazioni con il vicinato e le percezioni ambientali.

As the prevalence of wearable devices grows, it is more and more common to apply wearable devices in multiple real-life context. User experience is of great importance in both HCI and non-functional perspectives, especially on wearable device, which is rather intimate with its users and the screen of which is relatively small. This study aims at finding factors of user experience for the development of future wrist-worn wearable devices. This study is a qualitative study designed to investigate the perspective of user experience towards wearable device among young people, which takes an important part in wearable devices users. Thematic interviews were conducted among young people between 20 to 32 years old, in order to find out their experience with wearable devices, feelings towards wearables, and anticipation towards future wearables. Data collected were analyzed and extracted into codes and categories with content analysis. Interviewees were of both genders in two different country and three different nationality. The results indicated five factors in user experience design of wearable devices.

The miniaturization of electronics in modern times has enabled the possibility of creating a “continuity of care” using small wearable bioelectronic devices. Using wearable devices, such as the Fitbit or Garmin fitness trackers, allows for the exchange of data between devices which can be used to improve the accuracy of data analysis and thus patient health. In this thesis work, three wearable bioelectronic devices are proposed: an EOG-based eye-gaze tracking assistive technology device for the physically disabled to control a computer cursor, a battery-operated miniaturized polysomnograph that can store and transmit data wirelessly to sleep technicians and a trauma-detecting personal locator beacon. The first two system designs are outlined and simulated, followed by the testing of a prototype while the third system is a proposed design that will be reduced to practice at a later date. With continued development needed in the signal processing algorithms, the eye-gaze tracking computer mouse demonstrated capability and repeatable results. The wearable sleep sensor system also demonstrated capability and provided data with high signal-to-noise ratios on most channels before any filtering, allowing for comparable signal quality to conventional polysomnography devices.

Recently, there has been an increased interest in monitoring health using wearable sensors technologies however, few have focused on breathing. The utility of constant monitoring of breathing is currently not well understood, both for general health as well as respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that have significant prevalence in society. Having a wearable device that could measure respiratory metrics continuously and non-invasively with high adherence would allow us to investigate the significance of ambulatory breathing monitoring in health and disease management. The purpose of this thesis was to determine if it was feasible to continuously monitor respiratory metrics. To do this, we identified pulse oximetry to provide the best balance between use of mature signal processing methods, commercial availability, power efficiency, monitoring site and perceived wearability. Through a survey, it was found users would monitor their breathing, irrespective of their health status using a smart watch. Then it was found that reducing the duty cycle and power consumption adversely affected the reliability to capture accurate respiratory rate measurements through pulse oximetry. To account for the decreased accuracy of PPG derived respiratory rate at higher rates, a long short-term memory (LSTM) network and a U-Net were proposed, characterised and implemented. In addition to respiratory rate, inspiration time, expiration time, inter-breath intervals and the Inspiration:Expiration ratio were also predicted. Finally, the accuracy of these predictions was validated using pilot data from 11 healthy participants and 11 asthma participants. While percentage bias was low, the 95\% limits of agreement was high. While there is likely going to be enthusiastic uptake in wearable device use, it remains unseen whether clinical utility can be achieved, in particular the ability to forecast respiratory status. Further, the issues of sensor noise and algorithm performance during activity was not calculated. However, this body of work has investigated and developed the use of pulse oximetry, classical signal processing and machine learning methodologies to extract respiratory metrics to lay a foundation for both the hardware and software requirements in future clinical research.

Gesture Recognition is a new and upcoming trend that is being widely used in wearable devices and mobile handheld devices. The sensors like Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Heart rate monitor, Barometer and Ambient Light are mostly being included within the device to detect the static or continuous motion, rotational velocity, heartbeat rate of the user, pressure and light conditions for the device respectively. Implementing algorithms to capture the readings of these sensors and implementing them in a necessary way allows a user to use the wearable devices for a wide variety of applications. One such application is controlling Drone that takes user input to determine their motion. A Drone can accept signals from a combination of computer and a radio dongle and would fly according to the accepted commands. The wearable device can detect the motion of the wearer's hand when moved left, right, up, down etc using the Gyroscope sensor. This information can be used to process and send the signals to the Drone to enable wireless and gesture-based movement control.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
管理學院經營管理碩士學位學程碩士在職專班
107
Title of Thesis: Research on Wearable Devices for Smart Medical Applications Name of Institute: Executive Master of Business Administration, College of Management, National Chi Nan University Pages: 46 Graduation Time: 07/2019 Degree: Master Student Name: Heng-Sheng Chow Advisor Name: Dr. Ming-Ching Yang Abstract Today's ICT technology such as the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence and mobile platforms will be used in the medical industry to create medical 4.0. The huge amount of data generated can be marked and analyzed, and the related information can be generated immediately through machine learning. It is provided to the medical team as a medical reference. The medical industry will improve the efficiency of surgery through sensing technology, connect hospitals and families, and link personal information with information needed by hospitals. Data analysis can reduce the risk of medical patients, increase the correctness of physician decisions, further improve medical quality, and simplify the overall medical process. Wearable devices are connected to the Internet to drive the data economy, which not only creates wisdom and convenience, but also helps connect smart healthcare. As a senior medical equipment worker, as a person who feels the need of work, I must understand the connection between the use of wearable equipment and smart medical care, including the understanding of wearable equipment, wearable equipment and smart medical care, the life use of wearable equipment, a summary of wearable devices and recreational use, wearable and health care, and so on. Through in-depth interviews, this study actually explores why eight retirees and eight unretired people in a building in Taichung City use smart wearable devices. What is the most concerned about the current and future understanding and the reasons for their use? How is the detection, recording and data analysis through smart wearable devices as a personal fitness, living record and health management? How the use of their personal smart wearable devices can amplify the extent to which sports planning interacts with the participating communities? Is it enough to really motivate and sustain personal exercise habits? What is the understanding of smart wearable devices as the main application for health, medical care, and professional value-added services? Research has found that wearable devices are still considered by most people as consumer electronics. There is still room for growth in personal-related wearable device consumption, and the driving force for growth, whether it comes from fashion, popular affiliation, social entity interaction needs, or personal investment health management, we should all be positive to look and encourage. Keywords: wearable equipment, smart medical care

碩士
國立交通大學
網路工程研究所
108
Surveillance has been widely used for security and management purposes. Through computer vision technologies, we can capture human and other objects. In order to further recognize the identity of a person, biological characteristics, such as iris, fingerprint, face, etc., are needed. But image recognition usually sets a strong restriction in recognition scenario, image resolution, light condition and shooting angle. In this work, we are interested in using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), which is often used in environment and obstacle scanning, for person identification. Unlike camera, LiDAR cannot capture biological features. We further integrate wearable devices, such as RFID badge or smart watch, which are virtually the personal identity nowadays in many application scenarios, to achieve personal identification. We present our multi-sensory data fusion algorithm, as well as system prototyping, which integrates a low-cost 2D LiDAR and some wearable devices. The advantages of our approach are: (i) it works in low-light conditions, (ii) it relieves the privacy concern that is often brought up in camera-based solutions, and (iii) it helps visualize personal profiles easily in LiDAR scans. We demonstrate several smart surveillance applications, such as location tracking, smart fencing, and intrusion detection.

碩士
中華科技大學
經營管理研究所
104
The smart wearable devices are popular in recent years, development scale of wearable devices, in the rapid extension in the foreseeable global market, is also important focus of 2014 the consumption electronics exhibition (CES), nations each well-known big factory in world, all actively put into the new product development. International data information (IDC) indicate that the wear type device market will exceed into a stage of booming development at the coming 4 years. The world always takes delivery of goods the quantity as about 19.2 million (2014) currently, go to 2018 will be able to significantly leap to 191.2 million and increase about 1000%. In this study consumer behavior perspective as market segmentation variables questionnaire design and survey, based on the survey results and then to the four stages of EKB model dimensions, removing factors AHP application right after a heavy consumer satisfaction and sort. The study found that women slightly higher than men on consumer willingness to spend wearable device; statistics on the number of family members, the amount of the financial burden of the family on behalf of the number of family members will affect consumer willingness wearable device; consumers ages statistics , the highest number of people 19-29 years old, 18 years of age, followed by 60 years of age rear, on behalf of the young population is wearable main consumer; consumer education statistics, the highest number of university, college, followed by education level display will affect the willingness of consumers; in consumption will amount statistics, the highest number of NT$5001 ~ 7000, followed by the number of NT$3001 to 5,000, ranked third in the number of NT$12,001, showing consumer spending will wearables bimodal phenomenon, the results of this study will provide relevant industry reference in expanding smart wearable devices market and develop marketing strategies. Keywords: Smart Wearable Devices, AHP, Consumer Decision Making

碩士
國立聯合大學
電子工程學系碩士班
106
In this experiment, three antennas were designed for wearable device by using electromagnetic simulation software HFSS. Exporting graphics from AutoCAD, after exposure、development、etching、removing photo resistor. Finally, we use the network analyzer to measure characteristics of these propose antenna. In this experiment, one triple-band inverted-F antenna was designed at the GPS(1.575GHz), LTE Band1(2.11－2.17GHz), Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz) application for smart watch；one dipole antenna wsa developed at the Bluetooth (2.45 GHz), Wi-Fi (5.25－5.35 GHz) be used for multifunction Bluetooth headset；and the others co-planer waveguide (CPW) antenna was proposed at the Bluetooth (2.45 GHz) be used for multifunction Bluetooth ring.Finally, three different antennas manufacture on the FR4 substrate and the characteristics of these antennas were also investigated.

碩士
逢甲大學
經營管理碩士在職專班
104
According to market research firm wearable International Data released quarterly Global Tracking , expects the new vendors , new devices and consumer awareness and other factors will boost the popularity of wearable market in 2015 , the shipments from 2014 of 26.4 million units growthup of 173 percent up to 72.1 million ,and in 2019 will up to 100 million shipments of 55.7 million , the market will grow rapidly and dramatically . In this study, domestic wearable devices have been purchased and the consumer wants to buy for the study, based on survey results to explore consumer behavior characteristics , and through wisdom watches ( ring ) brand as a segmentation variable to identify the characteristics of each market segment Research found that the domestic wearable main motivation for the purchase of consumer health management , followed by sports training records and recreation, in the source statistics to the media on the highest , followed by the brand website , community platform ranked third in the purchase statistics on the top three places for the brand online store , 3C information stores, e-commerce platform , this result can be seen that the consumer has been transferred to the online store as the main place of purchase. Consumers attach more importance in the assessment of product attributes for the project: the usefulness of products , ease of user interface , battery lifetime , monitoring accuracy , compatibility with equipment , service and warranty ; domestic consumers do not care about the more popular products.

碩士
銘傳大學
經濟與金融學系碩士班
107
Resent years smart wearable devises(SWD) is going toward a downsizing trend, with the low frequency getting more popular, manufactures has been designing to make wearable devises more convenient for consumers, however in the smart wearable devise market, only the smart watch and bracelet has truly penetrated the market, each with its own operational system, platform and unique features. Based on the data from 2017 Taiwan Digital Opportunity Survey in Taiwan compiled with National Development Council, analyzing Taiwanese consumers’ habits on SWD choosing and its influence. With 2 phases of scale model, we discovered the main reason for consumer to select SWD includes age, education, non-student identification, income, sex and also depending on different areas where consumers are living. On the influence side, we discovered personals with SWD monitor their health status and daily habits through apps and smart bracelets, we also discovered that wearing SWD has the risk of causing health issues ,SWD users also tend to get anxiety without internet and is highly addicted to internet.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Gait analysis plays a major role in treatment of osteoarthritis, knee or hip replacements, and musculoskeletal diseases. It is extensively used for injury rehabilitation and physical therapy for issues like Hemiplegia and Diplegia. It also provides us with the information to detect various improper gaits such as Parkinson's disease, Hemiplegic and diplegic gaits. Though there are many wearable and non-wearable methods to detect the improper gate performance, they are usually not user friendly and have restrictions. Most existing devices and systems can detect the gait but are very limited with regards of diagnosing them. The proposed method uses two A201 Force sensing resistors, accelerometer, and gyroscope to detect the gait and send diagnosed information of the possibility of the specified improper gaits via Bluetooth wireless communication system to the user's hand-held device or the desktop. The data received from the sensors was analyzed by the custom made micro-controller and is sent to the desktop or mobile device via Bluetooth module. The peak pressure values during a gait cycle were recorded and were used to indicate if the walk cycle of a person is normal or it has any abnormality. Future work: A magnetometer can be added to get more accurate results. More improper gaits can be detected by using two PCBs, one under each foot. Data can be sent to cloud and saved for future comparisons.

博士
國立雲林科技大學
設計學研究所
105
The aging of societies has become a topic of great concerns for countries worldwide, partially because an aging population creates problems such as increased health care, welfare, and caregiving costs. Gerontechnology is the research and development of scientific and technological products aimed at assisting the older adults’ physical and psychological needs in the process of aging. In the age of the rapid development of its science and technology, the smart wearable device with real-time transmission of the sensor maps a new direction of design in thinking for application in the development of health care. Through the innovation of science and technology as well as different design thinking, the study integrates and designs products that meet the caregivers demands in order to strengthen the auxiliary effect of the smart wearable device on their life care. This makes the older adults and caregivers use the device more efficiently as to enhance the quality of life. Henceforth, this study departs from user's point of view to explores the needs of the older adults’ life care, through which the researcher can design a smart wearable device that meets the psychological and physiological needs of caregivers and older adults. There are four stages in the research: (1) exploration development, (2) model construction, (3) design implement, and (4) implement analysis; and four methods in the research: (a) literature analysis, (b) questionnaire, (c) card sorting, and (d) usability evaluation. On the grounds of the research results of exploration development, the researcher discovers that the caregiver bears positive use intention about the smart watch system’s performance expectation, expectation of efforts and social impact. However, the causal factor does not exert direct impact on the caregiver behavior’s intention, and the use intention will not affect the actual use behavior. The performance expectation exerts greatest impact on the caregiver. User’s intention increases as the he or she perceives the device useful and finds it adaptable for their works. On the stages of model construction and design practice, the study embarks on the making of smart watch system through the following steps: system planning, system analysis, system design, and system development. The system is composed of six experts of system designers and home caregivers. The card sorting was used to analyze system framework model and item contents commercially available on market. On the basis of the results, the study maps out the system framework for future’s design and development, including the four major models (home health, mobile intelligence, health management, and care services) and 55 items. Android is the system used by the mobile smart watch. Through the XML format for data transmission, the built-in sensor in the smartwatch, the watch can sensor and transmit user’s health data, detect user’s signal of fall, and is equipped with the functions such as internet and the Global Positioning System (GPS) to avoid older adults who go missing. There is an instant button on the interface of the device, which links emergency, real-time message, notification of taking medicine and expert resources. The functions as such offers convenience for caregivers through the cloud check and management. The stage of implement analysis is to understand the usability and satisfaction of the system for usability testing and evaluation. The results indicate that caregivers have a positive and significant recognition of the design quality, system service and overall experience of the smart watch system. In particular, the trust of the system service reaches 79%; the overall recognition reaches 81.9% among the participants who consider that the smart watch system helps their care services. The results show that the smart watch system based on user’s experience can obtain their recognition in terms of design quality and overall satisfaction.

Hintergrund. Zur Anpassung an volatile Märkte und zur Optimierung der Produktion schreiten die Digitalisierung und Entwicklung zur Industrie 4.0 in der Automobilindustrie rasant voran. Mit erhöhter Komplexität und Flexibilität der Produktion steigt die Vielfalt an Fahrzeugvarianten, arbeitsrelevanten Informationen, Handlungsalternativen und Lernanforderungen. Diese Faktoren können die Qualität der variantenreichen Automobilmontage beeinträchtigen. Einschränkungen der Verfügbarkeit und Wahrnehmung stationärer Montageinformationen tragen zu komplexitätsbedingten Variantenfehlern bei. Flexibles Neu- und Umlernen von Montagetätigkeiten führt zu weiteren Fehlerbildern. Im Zuge der Digitalisierung und steigender Anforderungen gewinnen mobil zugängliche Montageinformationen an Bedeutung. Wearable Devices, d. h. am Körper getragene Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie, ermöglichen den freihändigen, mobilen Zugang zu Informationen während der Montage. Jedoch werden kaum konkrete Assistenzkonzepte mit Wearable Devices für die variantenreiche Automobilmontage beschrieben bzw. systematisch evaluiert. Ob sie zur Qualitätssteigerung beitragen und welche Faktoren für oder gegen ihre Nutzung zur Montageassistenz sprechen geht aus der bisherigen, heterogenen Forschung nicht hervor. Daher wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit zwei Konzepte zur Informationsassistenz der variantenreichen Automobilmontage mit Wearable Devices entwickelt. Das erste Konzept, Order Attention Guiding, soll die Salienz seltener Fahrzeugvarianten steigern, indem Wearable Devices automatisiert Hinweissignale ausgeben. Das zweite Konzept, Order Sequence Guiding, zeigt die Montagesequenzen eines Arbeitsbereiches an, um die Vollständigkeit und Einhaltung der Montagereihenfolgen zu unterstützen. Zielstellung. Diese Arbeit soll die Fragen beantworten, ob und unter welchen Bedingungen Wearable Devices zur mobilen Informationsassistenz der variantenreichen Automobilmontage beitragen und von den Mitarbeitern genutzt werden. Aus diesem mehrdimensionalen Ansatz ergeben sich die Evaluationsschwerpunkte der Montageleistung mit Wearable Devices (Unterstützungspotenzial), der Akzeptanz sowie geräte- bzw. interaktionsspezifischer Nutzungsbarrieren (Diskomfort, Beschwerden, Workload). Zur Analyse der Einflussfaktoren auf die Akzeptanz soll die Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) auf Wearable Devices im Produktionskontext übertragen und um Faktoren des Vertrauens in die Geräte und Nutzungsbarrieren erweitert werden. Studien. Als Wearable Devices wurden Smartglasses (Anzeige im Sichtfeld) und Smartwatch (Anzeige außerhalb des Sichtfeldes) für Order Attention Guiding und Order Sequence Guiding eingesetzt. Sie wurden bezüglich der Montageleistung (Fehler, Zeit), ihrer Akzeptanz anhand der UTAUT sowie Nutzungsbarrieren des Workloads, Diskomforts und Beschwerden an Mitarbeiterstichproben bei einem Automobilhersteller evaluiert. Zunächst wurden zwei Studien in einem Automobilmontage-Trainingszentrum durchgeführt. Darauf aufbauend wurden die Assistenzkonzepte in der Produktion evaluiert. Abschließend wurde ein Ansatz zur Unterstützung ihrer Einführung getestet. In Studie 1 (n = 161) wurden zunächst wahrnehmungsbezogene Voraussetzungen zur Anwendung von Order Attention Guiding in der Produktion getestet. Die Wahrnehmung visueller bzw. multimodaler Ereignisinformationen auf Smartglasses, Smartwatch und einem stationären Monitor während der Ausführung einer Montageaufgabe wurde in einem experimentellen Zwischensubjektdesign verglichen. Sie zeigt, dass multimodale Hinweissignale auf Smartglasses und Smartwatches vergleichbar zuverlässig zum Monitor wahrgenommen werden ohne die Bearbeitungszeit bei der Montage zu beeinträchtigen oder den Workload zu erhöhen. In Studie 2 (n = 161) wurde Order Sequence Guiding mit Smartglasses, Smartwatch, und einer Standard-Papierliste beim Montagetraining experimentell evaluiert. Die Informationsträger wurden anhand der Ausführungsfehler und Bearbeitungszeit bei der Montage, der Akzeptanz und ihrer Einflussfaktoren sowie der Nutzungsbarrieren Workload, Diskomfort und Beschwerden verglichen. Zur Analyse des Effektes des Assistenzabbruchs auf die Leistung wurden zwei Montagedurchgänge mit Assistenz und ein dritter ohne Assistenz verglichen. Die Nutzung der Wearable Devices ergab bis zu 80 % Fehlerreduktion gegenüber der Standardprozedur. Nach Abbruch der Assistenz unterschieden sich die Gruppen nicht. Die UTAUT wurde durch Effekte der Nützlichkeit und des Sozialen Einflusses sowie die Erweiterung um Vertrauen und Diskomfort bestätigt. Während sich der Workload nicht zwischen den Gruppen unterschied, waren Beschwerden und Diskomfort mit Smartglasses höher als mit der Smartwatch. In Studie 3 wurden die Assistenzkonzepte Order Attention Guiding (n = 35) und Order Sequence Guiding (n = 23) in der laufenden Automobilproduktion mit systematischer Variation der Nutzungskontexte bzw. Nutzergruppen evaluiert. Order Attention Guiding wurde bezüglich des Informationsgehaltes bei unterschiedlicher Variantenvielfalt variiert. Order Sequence Guiding wurde beim On-The-Job-Training und von Experten genutzt. Im Anschluss an mindestens vierwöchige Testphasen wurden die Anwender zu Akzeptanz und Nutzungsbarrieren befragt und Qualitätsdaten erfasst. Order Attention Guiding senkte Variantenfehler bis zu 90 % gegenüber stationären Informationsträgern. Order Sequence Guiding wurde zum Anlernen als Unterstützung wahrgenommen, allerdings nicht für Experten, welche die Montage aus dem Gedächtnis ausführten. Die Akzeptanz variierte mit der Systemanpassung an die Arbeitsprozesse und Anwenderbedarfe. Die UTAUT wurde durch die subjektive Nützlichkeit und Soziale Einflüsse bestätigt und um die subjektive Workload-Reduktion erweitert. In Studie 4 (n = 30) wurde ein Ansatz zur Innovationskommunikation durch die Vermittlung von Informationen über Wearable Devices auf Basis der UTAUT-Faktoren Nützlichkeit, Handhabung der Geräte und Meinungen von Kollegen und Vorgesetzten (Sozialer Einfluss) entwickelt und evaluiert. Im Hinblick auf die Einführung der Wearable Devices in die Produktion sollte der Ansatz zur Steigerung der Akzeptanz bei Mitarbeitern ohne Erfahrungen mit den Wearable Devices beitragen. Dafür wurde die Akzeptanz erfasst und ein Montagetraining ohne Assistenz ausgeführt. Anschließend erhielt eine Gruppe die UTAUT-Informationen zu den Wearable Devices. In beiden Gruppen wurden die Akzeptanz und der Workload bei der Montage erfasst. Die UTAUT-Informationen sowie ein hoher Workload bei der Montage erhöhten die Intention zur Nutzung von Wearable Devices. Die Innovationskommunikation anhand der UTAUT-Faktoren konnte die Einführung von Wearable Devices unterstützen. Fazit. Die mehrdimensionale Evaluation von Wearable Devices in der Automobilmontage zeigt, dass sie zur Qualitätssicherung im komplexen und flexiblen Produktionsumfeld beitragen. Die zuvor nicht für Wearable Devices im Produktionskontext getestete UTAUT wurde bestätigt und kontextspezifisch erweitert. Eine hohe Akzeptanz der Wearable Devices besteht, sobald deren Nützlichkeit für die Anwender ersichtlich ist. Eigenschaften der Endgeräte und die Anpassung an Prozess- und Anwenderanforderungen beeinflussen die Akzeptanz, daher sollten der Diskomfort der Geräte und die aktive Bedienung minimiert und die flexible Anpassbarkeit an Prozessanforderungen erhöht werden. Ergänzend zum bisherigen Forschungsstand zeigt diese Arbeit Faktoren, die aus den Perspektiven der Prozesse und Anwender für die Nutzung von Wearable Devices zur Assistenz der variantenreichen Montage (Unterstützungspotenzial, Nützlichkeit, Sozialer Einfluss, Workload-Reduktion) oder dagegen sprechen (Diskomfort, Beschwerden, geringe Anpassung der Assistenzkonzepte). Die Montageassistenz durch Wearable Devices leistet einen Beitrag zur Mitarbeiterassistenz unter den wachsenden Herausforderungen der Industrie 4.0. Die Einbindung der Anwender in Entwicklungen der Industrie 4.0 wirkt sich demnach positiv auf die Systementwicklung, die Qualitätssteigerung und die Akzeptanz aus. Da die Anwendungsfälle von Wearable Devices über die evaluierten Assistenzkonzepte hinausgehen, sollte die formale Evaluation im Nutzungskontext mit wissenschaftlich fundierten Methoden unter Berücksichtigung des Faktors Mensch durch künftige Forschung ausgeweitet werden.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis V Tabellenverzeichnis VII Zusammenfassung IX 1 Einleitung 1 2 Theoretischer Hintergrund 7 2.1 Industrie 4.0 und variantenreiche Serienproduktion 7 2.1.1 Industrie 4.0 7 2.1.2 Variantenreiche Serienproduktion in der Automobilindustrie 8 2.1.3 Montage in der variantenreichen Automobilproduktion 9 2.2 Ausführungsqualität der variantenreichen Automobilmontage 12 2.2.1 Training von Montagetätigkeiten 15 2.2.2 Montageinformationen und Ausführungsfehler bei der routinierten variantenreichen Automobilmontage 16 2.2.3 Zusammenfassung Informationsverarbeitung und Ausführungsfehler 23 2.3 Ansätze zur Qualitätssteigerung durch Systeme der Informationsassistenz 24 2.3.1 Wearable Devices 26 2.3.2 Erprobung und Evaluation von Wearable Devices im Montagekontext 29 2.3.3 Evaluationskriterien für Wearable Devices im industriellen Kontext 31 2.4 Zielstellung und Forschungsfragen 63 2.4.1 Zusammenfassung des theoretischen Hintergrundes 63 2.4.2 Zielstellungen und Forschungsfragen 66 3 Empirischer Teil 71 3.1 Systemgestaltung und Untersuchungskontext 71 3.1.1 Endgeräte und Anwendungen 71 3.1.2 Rahmenbedingungen und Untersuchungskontexte 74 3.1.3 Übersicht über die Studien 76 3.2 Studie 1. Wahrnehmung von Ereignisinformationen auf Wearable Devices während der Montage 77 3.2.1 Methodik 79 3.2.2 Ergebnisse 83 3.2.3 Diskussion 85 3.3 Studie 2: Unterstützungspotenzial, Nutzungsbarrieren und Akzeptanz von Wearable Devices für das Montagetraining 88 3.3.1 Methodik 93 3.3.2 Ergebnisse 100 3.3.3 Diskussion 107 3.4 Studie 3. Mobile Informationsassistenz in der variantenreichen Automobilmontage 116 3.4.1 Methodik 120 3.4.2 Ergebnisse 125 3.4.3 Diskussion 133 3.5 Studie 4. Gestaltung der Innovationskommunikation zur Steigerung der Akzeptanz von Wearable Devices 139 3.5.1 Methodik 141 3.5.2 Ergebnisse 144 3.5.3 Diskussion 146 4 Zusammenfassung und Diskussion 149 4.1 Zusammenfassung zentraler Ergebnisse 149 4.2 Diskussion der Ergebnisse 152 4.2.1 Einordnung der Ergebnisse in den internationalen Forschungsstand 153 4.2.2 Kritische Einschätzung und Limitationen 161 4.2.3 Einordnung in das Fachgebiet 163 4.3 Praktische Implikationen 163 4.4 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 167 Literaturverzeichnis 171 Anhang 205

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理系
103
Since 2007, Taiwan's Ministry of Health and Welfare started to conduct the pilot telehealth, but the promotion doesn’t work better as expected. Conventional telehealth models include home-based, community-based and institution-based three patterns and the service type belongs to fixed position service. People need to regularly target for measuring and uploading their physiological information. Because its way to collect information and promotion is limited, therefore it’s usually serve for the disabled, elderly and chronic patients. The National Health Insurance Administration Ministry of Health and Welfare currenly classify the telehealth into own expense item, and it’s the obstacle for development. Because of the era of the digital is coming, everyone has a smart phone become normal, and it bring up the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The smart wearable device apply to telehealth, can be realized its physiological measurements to upload data at anytime and anywhere, and become more popular. This research focuses on important indicators of the application of smart wearable devices on telehealth. A hierarchical framework was built through literature reviews and interviews with experts. The public’s opinion was collected with surveys and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was used in weight computing calculations. The research results show that “business model” as the most important aspect and “willingness to pay” as the most important indicator of consideration. Therefore apart from the low demand resulted from the public’s lack of understanding about the service, Taiwan is also lacking a commercial business model that prompts consumers’ willingness to pay and use telehealth. Lastly, this research drafted two sets of telehealth development strategies, after weight selection, marketing strategies should be a priority consideration, set prices should be differentiated to divide the market into three components, namely, long-term care, aided diagnosis, and health management; an alternation system should be adopted in licensing, allowing medical personnel to assume telehealth work as soon as they have been approved; access to personal information should be limited and any leaks without legitimate reasons should be prohibited; all telehealth equipment should be required to be approve; prices should be set in accordance to the public’s willingness to pay and this research’s suggestion is $2,600 per month; encourage private insurance companies to provide coverage for telehealth services; the government should actively participate in reeducation to increase the public’s knowledge about the service, integrating smart wearable devices to realize telehealth. We hope this strategy could help telehealth enter into the consumer market successfully. Since May 2015, Taiwan has third Reading of long-term care services, and planning long-term care insurance, it will affect the telehealth payments, therefore, the feasibility of this study increased.

碩士
經國管理暨健康學院
健康產業管理研究所
105
With the inevitable trend of aging, and the increasing diversity of smart wear devices, coupled with the popularization of health management awareness, how to make smart wear devices in the foreseeable future in the middle-aged people health management to operate more successful, can promote the health of the general public, is the main idea of this study. This research is based on the Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), for the aged people to wear smart device as well as the use of cognitive experience, analysis of such devices in the application of health management demand oriented, research questionnaire paper issued after the recovery by SPSS software for statistical analysis. In order to understand the study population sample on the use of smart wearable devices in health management oriented experience, needs and what factors will affect the status of users. The results show that the proper use of smart wearable device to help their health master is accepted, learn how to use these devices is need more guidance, functional smart wearable device is valued. This study proposes several directions to keep only the continuous in-depth study of this subject in the other, the data including smart wearable device to verify the accuracy of the standard or set function, the elderly user expectations of smart wearable device, the elderly user material and wearable smart wearable device for comfort hand. Smart wearable devices are used in mid aged users, interface design, and government use of smart wearable devices in health management policy construction for middle and elderly populations It is hoped that before the formal entry into the ultra advanced society, the academic and government organizations will be able to carry out a systematic and continuous study of the subject that we must face.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
107
As the quality of life better off, the population of sports continuously increases. Smart wearable devices continue to be innovated, and they have become an essential wearable accessory for some sports enthusiasts nowadays. Expanding functions of smart wearable devices effectively is an important research topic in fitness industry. This study explores the behavioral intentions of consumers in the service of smart wearable devices and fitness coaches.This study was adopted in the form of an online questionnaire. Hypotheses were measured by structural equation modeling. The result shows that behavioral intentions are significantly influenced by perceptual behavioral control, and community awareness significantly affects subjective norms and perceptual behavioral control. Therefore, it is recommended that when the fitness industry introduces innovative service concerning smart wearable devices, community awareness brought by the service to consumers should be sincerely evaluated and take the difficulty of implement experienced by consumers into account. Thereby raise customer's behavior intention.

碩士
國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系所
103
Recently, new kinds of smart devices are invented and sold to the market rapidly, and we witness a rise of wearable devices. Since the release of wearable devices by companies, we found that the sales of most products are below expectation. We thought that the fundamental reason is that wearable device are still in the introduction stage of its product life cycle, and the market demand is still ambiguous. In order to find the demand of wearable device, this study uses data mining techniques to find the potential consumers’ background and the key attributes which cause them to purchase. And this study also proposed an approach to achieve product recommendation. This study conducts correspondence analysis to find the relation of function attribute and different kind of wearable device. We found that smart wristbands should be provided with sleep pattern monitor, heart rate monitor, burnt calories tracker, body temperature sensor and pedometer. Smart watches should be provided with audio recording, video recording, GPS receiver, phone function, message reminding, music player, touch screen and voice control. Sport watches should be provided with heart rate monitor, burnt calories tracker, pedometer, odometer, speedometer and barometer. We also conduct multiple conducts correspondence analysis in order to investigate the relation between consumer and different kinds of wearable devices. The following is the result of multiple conducts correspondence analysis. For smart wristbands, we suggest the manufactures should place their target market at consumers who are above 40 years old, female or exercise frequency is low. For smart watches, the target market should be placed at consumers who are under 19 years old, male or exercise frequency is normal. As for sport watch, the target market should be placed at consumers who are 20~29 years old, male or exercise frequency is high. To sum up, in variable filtering part, this study compares association rules and correspondence analysis. And in classification part, this study uses k-nearest neighbors method, with 66% of prediction accuracy, which is capable of product recommendation.

碩士
大仁科技大學
休閒事業管理研究所
104
The purpose of this study was to explore the senior citizens’ behavioral intention of using wearable devices after receiving sports education. The researcher used the Theory of Planned Behavior proposing by Ajzen (1985) as the major conceptual framework of this study, and intended to understand what impact attitude, subject norm and perceived behavioral control make on behavior intention. The researcher intended simultaneously to understand whether attitude impersonated the mediator between subject norm and behavior intention or not. The using data for this study were collected by the questionnaires, and analyzed the goodness-of-fit of the research model, the relationship of factors, and cross-validation by structural equation modeling. This study used the questionnaire of the research, Content Validity of the Technology Acceptance Questionnaire of Intelligent Care Facilities for Elders--An Example of the Interactive, Carry-on Watch with the Function of Medical Care, as the reference and adapted this questionnaire for the research tool of this study. The researcher adopted the purposive sampling, and the subjects of the study were the senior citizens above 50 years old. Based on the surveyed-questionnaire method, there were 52 questionnaires issued and retrieved in pre-test, and 50 of them were valid. The valid response rate is 96.2%. The researcher used the test of the significance of difference and the test of association to verify the reliability and validity of this questionnaire. The results were that it had good reliability and validity, and the Cronbach’s alpha was .80. There were 432 questionnaires issued and retrieved in formal test, and 413 of them were valid. The valid response rate is 95.6%. After collecting the data, the researcher used SPSS for Windows 12.0 and Amos 20.0 to make the data analysis of this study. The methods of data analysis were descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The results of data analysis were that the research model had been positive definite, the attitude and perceived behavioral control of the research sample could influence behavior intention positive and significant, subject norm could influence behavior intention negative and significant, subject norm could influence attitude positive and significant, and attitude had perfect mediation effect between subject norm and behavior intention. According the results of data analysis, the researcher proposed the conclusions of this study, and advanced suggestions for the workers of elderly education, government institutions, social welfare organizations, and the primary caregivers of senior citizens.

碩士
元智大學
管理碩士在職專班
104
Smart mobile devices are booming in recent years. Meanwhile, smart wearable devices set the book apart from the competition in 2014 Mobile World Congress (MWC). The smart wearable device is consider getting developing rapidly and will giving the devices developers and suppliers the benefit in the future. The information which from Market Research Canakys. As to this innovative product-smart wearable devices, Roger's theory-diffusion of innovation is most widely used in predicting and explaining how people feel toward the innovation products. Besides, Technology Acceptance Model from David's research is widely be applied in understanding how people acceptance for the technology information. In addition, added the Bauer's perceived risk as extra research method in order to analysis the risk issue before consumers purchased. In summary, this study will explore the consumers purchasing behavior toward smart wearable device by using the diffusion of innovation theory, technology acceptance model and perceived risk. The regression analysis and structural equation model will be applied in this study. The hypothesis which full support is showed as follows: Perceived usefulness has significant and positive impact on usage attitude; Perceived ease of use has significant positive impact on usage attitudes; Perceived usefulness has significant positive impact on Behavioral Intention; Usage attitude has significant positive impact on behavioral intentions; Comparative advantage has significant positive impact on perceived usefulness. The hypothesis which partially support is showed as follows: Perceived ease of use has significant positive impact on Perceived usefulness; Compatibility has significant positive impact on Perceived usefulness; Observability has significant positive impact on perceived usefulness. The hypothesis which rejected in result showed as follows: Trialability has significant positive impact on the perceived usefulness; Perceived risk has significant negative impact behavioral intentions.

碩士
崑山科技大學
電腦與通訊研究所
103
Worries of home fires, the bulk electrical fire according to fire department statistics, over half of Taiwan Housing age it has more than 20 years. This type of old house original wiring often aging and difficult to update the situation, but modern electric increasing number of households, so that the current load of old wire surge, caused by electrical fires consequent. Because no one at home in the day and sleeping at night while are usually found not be remedied . This research ,combined with the micro program control board peripheral devices and network robot programming and smart phones, wearable devices, combined into a smart home monitoring system and design of the sensor monitoring features, including smoke, temperature, humidity, when the smoke, temperature, humidity detecting abnormal data occurs automatically sends SMS to alert the user, the robot is responsible for monitoring network data repository, data repository when found anomalies in the case of the high will automatically send Email notifications preservation center. This research results includes remote monitoring system and automated notification capabilities for the user to readily grasp the environmental conditions at home.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
103
Wearable Electronic Domestic Appliances Control System (WES) combines wearable device on index finger and forearm to construct an intuitive controlling schema. The system prototype consists of three parts: WES controller, WES receiver, and local controller. The WES controller uses infra-red ray signal to identify WES receiver on the target electronic domestic appliance, and then sends command determined by users’ gesture recognition result via 315 Mhz RF signal. The gesture recognition system is implemented by learning MLP weights offline using over 8,000 gesture data, and embedded prediction code on STM32F4 develop board in WES controller. The accuracy of the model is 91.25%. The main contribution of this study is providing an intuitive way to control smart home appliances and building up dataset for gesture recognition on wearable device on index finger.

碩士
國立交通大學
科技管理研究所
102
Crime scene investigation within limited time is a crucial topic for the police. For subsequent forensic analysis, crime scene reconstruction and other procedures, the evidences collected from the crime scene at the first stage may affect whether one case could be successfully solved as soon as possible. The police must make sure that the procedure of searching and investigating is always efficient, comprehensive, and precise, and the quality of evidence must be strictly required as well. This study will collect information of international wearable technology development, and the relevant norms, research papers, case studies about the crime scene investigation. First, find out the existing core difficulties which the domestic crime scene investigators might face by analyzing the preliminary research data. Then, discuss the traditional wearable equipment, and introduce the new wearable smart technology- Google Glass/ Galaxy Gear as a new kind of equipment to assist crime scene investigation. Furthermore, Google Glass can carry with some techniques such as vehicle identification system, facial, biometric related recognition system, Augmented Reality (AR), applications (Apps), and other software programs to become multi-functional. Last, there would be discussion about the benefits and also limits the new technology could bring when placed in the context of a crime scene, and a conclusion with some recommendations. As a consequence, this study focuses on the introduction of new technology for the modern technology management, and explores how technologies could work on the criminal investigation. This study is expected to propose a feasible and effective method in line with the real needs of crime scene investigation process and eventually to help developing the domestic criminal forensics.

The last two decades have shown a boom in the field of wearable sensing technology. Particularly in the consumer industry, growing trends towards personalized health have pushed new devices to report many vital signs, with a demand for high accuracy and reliability. The most common technique used to gather these vitals is photoplethysmography or PPG. PPG devices are ideal for wearable applications as they are simple, power-efficient, and can be implemented on almost any area of the body. Traditionally PPGs were utilized for capturing just heart rate, however, recent advancements in hardware and digital processing have led to other metrics including respiratory rate (RR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), to be reported as well. Our research investigates the potential for wearable devices to be used for outpatient apnea monitoring, and particularly the ability to detect opioid misuse resulting in respiratory depression. Ultimately, the long-term goal of this work is to develop a wearable device that can be used in the rehabilitation process to ensure both accountability and safety of the wearer. This document details contributions towards this goal through the design, development, and evaluation of a device called “Kick Ring”. Primarily, we investigate the ability of Kick Ring to record heartrate (HR), RR, and SpO2. Moreover, we show that the device can calculate RR in real time and can provide an immediate indication of abnormal events such as respiratory depression. Finally, we explore a novel method for reporting apnea events through the use of several PPG characteristics. Kick Ring reliably gathers respiratory metrics and offers a combination of features that does not exist in the current wearables space. These advancements will help to move the field forward, and eventually aid in early detection of life-threatening events.

碩士
國立臺南大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
103
As the population aging problem is more and more serious, the need of long-term care is increasing. Actually, most of the aging people (over 65) have the ability to take care of themselves, and some warm concerns, medical advices, and timely reminders can effectively improve their living quality. Moreover, dementia is a worth noting disease in elderly people. Therefore, an automatic system to track and record elderly people’s daily life and activities is required. In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) is the one of the most popular topic, in which device can be connected with each other via networks. Currently, home automation is one of the most popular IoT applications, in which all home appliances can be controlled via a PC or the smart phone. In this paper, to improve elderly people’s living convenience, mind health, and long-term care, we propose a Long-term cArE-based Smart hOme platform (LAESO), which integrates wearable devices, sensor networks, social networks, and the cloud computing. The proposed platform combines with a variety of services, such as home automation, activity detection and log, e-Care, lost elderly searching, and intruder detection. Home automation and activity detection and log are two foundations of the platform. To detect activities, we use SPADE (Sequential PAttern Discovery using Equivalence classes) algorithm to determine the elderly’s activity. Every activity is logged on to the log. Through the log, family members or caregivers are able to understand and observe the daily life and activity changes of the elderly even if they are not around them, and then provide their cares or medical advices accordingly. Furthermore, exploiting existing infrared sensors and wireless signals in the WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks), we implement intruder detection service for safety purpose. Our real prototyping experience and some experimental results are also reported.

abstract: With the recent expansion in the use of wearable technology, a large number of users access personal data with these smart devices. The consumer market of wearables includes smartwatches, health and fitness bands, and gesture control armbands. These smart devices enable users to communicate with each other, control other devices, relax and work out more effectively. As part of their functionality, these devices store, transmit, and/or process sensitive user personal data, perhaps biological and location data, making them an abundant source of confidential user information. Thus, prevention of unauthorized access to wearables is necessary. In fact, it is important to effectively authenticate users to prevent intentional misuse or alteration of individual data. Current authentication methods for the legitimate users of smart wearable devices utilize passcodes, and graphical pattern based locks. These methods have the following problems: (1) passcodes can be stolen or copied, (2) they depend on conscious user inputs, which can be undesirable to a user, (3) they authenticate the user only at the beginning of the usage session, and (4) they do not consider user behavior or they do not adapt to evolving user behavior. In this thesis, an approach is presented for developing software for continuous authentication of the legitimate user of a smart wearable device. With this approach, the legitimate user of a smart wearable device can be authenticated based on the user's behavioral biometrics in the form of motion gestures extracted from the embedded sensors of the smart wearable device. The continuous authentication of this approach is accomplished by adapting the authentication to user's gesture pattern changes. This approach is demonstrated by using two comprehensive datasets generated by two research groups, and it is shown that this approach achieves better performance than existing methods.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Software Engineering 2017

碩士
南華大學
資訊管理學系
104
For the rapid development of knowledge, technology, and economic, the social structure has changed to promote people’s strength toward their ideals. Based on the computer and communication technology, smart wearable device (SWD) has developed that changes people’s concept and method on managing their health. By Bluetooth technology, the users of SWD can understand the health of themselves. Further, SWD can contact with the hospital directly to protect uses’ health. Thus, based on Limiting Factor Motivation Theory (LFMT), this study explored the factors that influence the satisfaction of SWD used for assisting users’ health management. 　　According the analysis of 228 effective samples, we found the variables of age below 50 years old, married, education degree above university, medium weight and BMI, and without chronic diseases had close relation to users’ health. Among the five personality characteristics, users with the styles of export-oriented and experience open had higher user satisfaction. Finally, the users with self-determination motivation had higher satisfaction after using SWD.

碩士
國立聯合大學
資訊與社會研究所
103
Abstract In recent years, the development of smart phones has been deeply blended into people’s daily lives and reached maturity state. Therefore, more companies develop wearable devices such as glasses, watches, bracelets, necklaces and so on. These devices are able to actively gather people’s living data. Based on the recording physiological information, it allows users to understand their physical condition. Additionally, since the healthy and slow living concept are getting popular, more people are going for sports like jogging and cycling. People would particularly need to use the wearable devices to monitor and record the physiological condition while doing these kinds of sports. The information related to sleep would also been concerned. Currently, the most modal wearable device would be smart bands, which are warmly greeted by the market due to the more proper functions designed for meeting demands. The main structure of this study is Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Extending and discussing the relation between the variables of the user’s “Perceived Value”, “Peer Influence”, “Perceived Playfulness”, “Perceived Ease of Use”, “Perceived Usefulness”, “Attitude” and “Intention”, to realize the user’s intention of smart band through above. Smart band, this kind of digital products may become the future trend. Hence, this study would expand “Perceived Value” and “Perceived Playfulness” to TAM, for researching the factors that would influence user’s usage intention of adopting wearable devices products and the relation between these factors. This study would target at around three hundred random sampling survey responses. They would fill out the questionnaire after reading the product description of the smart band. Use measuring scale to collect the related information of the aspects, and the results show that most of the factors of the whole forecasting models can be well explained, except “Perceived Ease of Use”. Such as “Perceived Usefulness”, “Perceived Playfulness” and “Perceived Value” can explain 45.1% of “Attitude”. Meanwhile, “Intention” could be 68.9% explained by “Perceived Playfulness”, “Perceived Value”, “Subjective Norm” and “Attitude”. Since both of the explanation already over 30%, that means this study have excellent structural model, and this model also have good explanation to the wearable device. Key words: Wearable Device, TAM, Perceived Value, Perceived of Playfulness, Intention.

碩士
國立中央大學
資訊管理學系
107
With the rise of smart wearable devices and the Internet of Things, gadgets from major brands can be seen wherever in the market. As indicated by Gartner's forecast, the worldwide market for wearable gadgets will reach 225 million in 2019. On the other hand, Taiwan's smart wearable devices market, in contrast to Europe and the United States, still has room for growth with immense unexplored opportunities. This potential is what triggered the inspiration for this study. With the direction of research clear, a framework of this study was built after reviewing extensive amounts of relevant literatures to explore whether the two perceptions of the Technology acceptance model (TAM) will affect users’ satisfaction and turn them into repeat customers. Furthermore, the innovation diffusion theory (IDT)'s perceived innovative features including comparative advantage, compatibility, verifiability, and observability were used as cause relations for the perceived usefulness and ease of use, and to investigate the impact of model construction. This study conducted an online survey covering smart wearable devices users at PTT and FACEBOOK, and collected 254 valid questionnaires. The statistical software SmartPLS3.0 and IBM SPSS Amos were used to conduct reliability check and path analysis of the questionnaires. The results showed that the users’ perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the wearable device will positively affect satisfaction and their intention of continue use. And satisfaction also affects the users’ intention of continue use. In terms of perceived innovation characteristics, observability alone does not affect perceived usefulness and ease of use. In the wake of the outcomes, this study proposes academic proposals that make consequent research progressively complete. In practice, to improve user satisfaction and intention of continue use, this study suggests that the practicality and functionality of the wearable device are most crucial. The ease of start is also important. For the wearable device itself, the vendors or the manufacturer must feature its relative advantages with the past devices, matching the user's lifestyle or values, and let the users clearly understand the pros and cons of the wearable device. This study further proposes relevant limitations and recommendations for future research directions as a reference to the industry. Keywords: Smart wearable devices, technology acceptance model, innovation diffusion theory, user satisfaction, intention of continue use.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
105
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important way for first aid when cardiac arrest suddenly occurs. The depth of chest compression must meet the standard, if the compression is too shallow will cause the ineffectiveness, else will lead to patient's injury. People nowadays bring smartphones or wear smartwatches. In order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of emergency treatments, the applications based on the smartphones or smartwatches should be considered. Therefore, a CPR assistive system that combines wearable and smart devices is developed in this study. We use the designed wearable device to monitor the quality of chest compression. Using the accelerometer measurements to execute the number and frequency of compression, then integrates the acceleration to calculate the displacement, the compression depth and recoil distance. Based on the overall results of compression depth and recoil distance verification, we found an accuracy of 2.37±3.03mm and 2.19±2.86mm as compared to the optical motion capture system (Qualisys) (outside manikin), an accuracy of 2.2±2.84mm and 2.09±2.69mm as compared to the linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) (inside manikin), and an error of the number of compression of ±1 times. The result of survey questionnaire presents that with the use of our proposed system can improve the self-confidence and the ability of the users. Furthermore, a gyroscope will be added to increase the depth accuracy of different angles and to detect the bending of arms in the future.