Journal articles: 'Smart antenna'

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Chougule, Rutuja. "Smart Antenna Systems." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43988.

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Abstract: Smart antennas have received increasing interest for improving the performance of wireless radio systems. These systems of antennas include a large number of techniques that attempt to enhance the received signal, suppress all interfering signals, and increase capacity, in general. The main purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current state of research in the area of smart antennas, and to describe how they can be used in wireless systems. A smart antenna takes advantage of diversity effect at the source (transmitter), the destination (receiver), or both. Diversity effect involves the transmission and/or reception of multiple radio frequency (RF) waves to increase data speed and reduce the error rate. Thus, this article provides a basic model for determining the angle of arrival for incoming signals, the appropriate antenna beamforming, and the adaptive algorithms that are currently used for array processing. Moreover, it is shown how smart antennas, with spatial processing, can provide substantial additional improvement when used with TDMA and CDMA digitalcommunication systems.

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Bansal, Preeti, and Nidhi Chahal. "Smart Antennas for Various Applications." CGC International Journal of Contemporary Technology and Research 4, no. 2 (August 5, 2022): 316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46860/cgcijctr.2022.07.31.316.

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The paper presents about smart antennas for advancement in wireless and mobile communication. Smart antennas also called adaptive array antennas with better signal processing & can be used to calculate beam forming vectors which helps in tracking & locating antenna beam of target. Smart antennas are helpful in health monitoring in covid-19 pandemic and provides better service quality. Smart antenna is one of the rising innovations which can satisfy the prerequisites. Smart antennas are being used for controlling, monitoring and analyzing real time systems for various applications In smart antennas spatial division of the signal is used as compared to spectrum division, it can be beneficial for improving the performance of wireless communication. This paper describes how switched beam & adaptive array antennas differ from basic antennas.

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M. Africa, Aaron Don, Rica Rizabel M. Tagabuhin, and Jan Jayson S. D. Tirados. "Design and simulation of an adaptive beam smart antenna using MATLAB." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 1584. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1584-1593.

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Signals transmitted over a long range of distance may pass through several obstacles and scatter, taking multiple paths to reach the receiver. Beamforming antennas are controlled electronically to adjust the radiation pattern following the first received signal. This allows the antenna to maximize the received signal and consequently, suppress the interfering signals received. A smart antenna should be able to diminish noise, increase the signal to noise ratio, and have better system competence. The adaptive beam makes use of the spacing of the several antennas and the phase of the signal of each antenna array to control the shape and direction of the signal beam. This paper focuses on the use of smart antennas using an adaptive beam method as a better system for the transmission of signals. A simulation between the existing Omnidirectional antenna system and the smart antenna system will be made and compared. The paper will discuss the corresponding advantages that a smart antenna system has compared to the Omnidirectional antenna system.

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Mondal, Japatosh, Sobuj Kumar Ray, Md Shah Alam, and Md Mezanur Rahman. "Design Smart Antenna by Microstrip Patch Antenna Array." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, no. 6 (2011): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2011.v3.304.

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Yang, Lingsheng, Peijie Wang, Biyu Cheng, and Jianping Fang. "Design of Hybrid Antenna System for User Terminal Applications." Frequenz 72, no. 9-10 (August 28, 2018): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2017-0197.

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Abstract An eight-element hybrid Smart antenna-MIMO system for user terminal application is proposed in this paper. The hybrid antenna system is based on an eight elements antenna array. When operate with respective feed ports, by using radiation pattern diversity, more than 15 dB isolation among antenna elements can be achieved. After designing the feed networks based on maximum power transmission optimization between the transmit and receive antennas, beam steering performance can be obtained, the eight elements work together as a smart antenna array. The hybrid system has both the advantages of MIMO and smart antenna, and is competitive for future wireless communication applications.

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Chin, Kuo-Sheng, Chi-Sheng Wu, Chien-Lung Shen, and Kun-Chuan Tsai. "Designs of Textile Antenna Arrays for Smart Clothing Applications." Autex Research Journal 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0002.

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Abstract In this work, three designs of textile antennas, namely, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna, annular slot antenna, and planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA), operating in the 2.45 GHz WLAN band were developed for smart clothing applications. Conductive textile, a copper-plated polyester fabric, was used for fabricating antenna radiators and grounds. An insulating neoprene fabric with a thickness of 4 mm and a permittivity of 1.5 was used for preparing the substrates. The textile patch antenna achieved a maximum gain of 5.96 dBi and a bandwidth of 4.6%. The annual slot antenna showed a moderate gain and bandwidth of 2.9 dBi and 13.1%, respectively. The PIFA achieved the widest bandwidth of 31% but the smallest gain of 1.2 dBi. Furthermore, the performance deterioration of the proposed antennas under various bending conditions was analyzed to evaluate their suitability for wearable applications. Moreover, two 2 × 2 patch and slot antenna arrays were assembled to increase gain and bandwidth. The measured results proved that the developed antenna designs provide superior performance.

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T. G., Shivapanchakshari, and H. S. Aravinda. "PSO-CCO_MIMO-SA: A particle swarm optimization based channel capacity optimzation for MIMO system incorporated with smart antenna." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 6276. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp6276-6282.

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With the radio channels physical limits, achieving higher data rate in the multi-channel systems is been a biggest concern. Hence, various spatial domain techniques have been introduced by incorporating array of antenna elements (i.e., smart antenna) in recent past for the channel limit expansion in mobile communication antennas. These smart antennas help to yield the improved array gain or bearm forming gain and hence by power efficiency enhanmaent in the channel and antenna range expansion. The use of smart antenna leads to spatial diversity and minimizes the fading effect and improves link reliability. However, in the process of antenna design, the proper channel modelling is is biggest concern which affect the wireless system performance. The recent works of MIMO design systems have discussed the issues in number of antenna selection which suggests that optimization of MIMO channel capacity is required. Hence, a Particle Swarm Optimization based channel capacity optimzation for MIMO system incorporated with smart antenna is introduced in this paper. From the outcomes it is been found that the proposed PSO based MIMO system achieves better convergenece speed which results in better channel capacity.

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C. Anand. "Review of Smart Antenna Approaches in Wireless Systems." December 2022 4, no. 4 (January 3, 2023): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2022.4.004.

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Wireless mobile communication is one of the rapidly growing fields of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The adoption of smart antennas will also minimize the cost. The success of smart antennas relies on two phases: In first phase, the features of smart antennas should be considered in design phase of next-generation wireless mobile communication systems. In second phase, the performance of smart antennas should be analyzed according to crucial parameters that satisfy the requirements of next-generation wireless mobile communication systems. The proposed research study summarizes the concept and types of smart antennas. Further, the most recent innovations in smart antenna domains such as varying network conditions, coverage & connectivity, Quality of Service (QoS), energy efficiency, routing are discussed.

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Zhang, Zufan, Jie Zhang, and Shaohui Sun. "Model of Handover and Traffic Based on Cellular Geometry with Smart Antenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/646053.

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Based on the application of smart antennas in cellular mobile communications, this paper introduces the impact of the width of the antenna beams playing on the dwell time probability density function in cellular geometry with smart antenna. The research results indicate that the smart cell structure can improve the dwell time of users within the cell and improve the traffic system performance.

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Levy, Mounissamy, Sumanta Bose, D. Sriram Kumar, and Anh Van Dinh. "Rapid Beam Forming in Smart Antennas Using Smart-Fractal Concepts Employing Combinational Approach Algorithms." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/467492.

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Smart antennas offer a broad range of ways to improve wireless system performance. They provide enhanced coverage through range extension, hole filling, and better building penetration. Smart antennas use an array of low gain antenna elements which are connected by a network. Fractal concepts have been used in antenna arrays recently. The important properties of fractal arrays are frequency independent multiband characteristics, schemes for realizing low side lobe designs, systematic approaches to thinning, and the ability to develop rapid beam forming algorithms. In this paper, an attempt has been made to apply assignment of usage time and location tag algorithm for smart antennas combined with the fractal concepts to reduce the computational complexity and enhance resource allocation for rapid beam forming algorithms. Furthermore, two combinational approach algorithms are proposed for peer users within single base station and peer users between different base stations.

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Saragih, Yuliarman, Ibrahim, and Agatha Elisabet. "Study of Smart Antenna Wide Band Multi Beam by Algorithm Switch Beam." Journal of Sustainable Engineering: Proceedings Series 1, no. 2 (October 4, 2019): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35793/joseps.v1i2.37.

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The use of wideband antennas in radio frequency (RF) systems are intended to improve the efficiency of the system economically. So that problems arise due to differences in RF system frequency allocation in each country can be overcome. Other than that, the need for an antenna that can optimize the direction of the beam becomes one which became a consideration, for that to develop a smart antenna that is capable of producing the different beam. In various studies, wideband antennas have been built only able to work on a single beam. Meanwhile, the antenna has also been proven to be working in multi-beam but still works on a single frequency. The researcher intends to develop an antenna that can work as a smart antenna that applies multi-beam with switching algorithms by having a wide working frequency (wideband). Multi-beam with wideband can be produced by combining wideband antenna array with a Butler matrix that applies the switching beam algorithm with phase array technique so that it can be a smart antenna because the antenna can be adjusted of the beam as desired.

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Christina, G. "A Review on Novel Microstrip Patch Antenna Designs and Feeding Techniques." IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems 4, no. 2 (July 25, 2022): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2022.2.005.

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Mobile technology is rapidly advancing nowadays due to its high impact in our day-to-day lives. As a result, there is an increasing need to study the advancement of antenna systems, which are regarded as fundamental equipment for wireless connectivity. Compared to the traditional large size antennas, microstrip patch antennas are now widely used in different applications such as smart phones, military, smart wearable devices etc. due to its unique characteristics such as lighter weight, reconfigurable structure, foldability, ease of fabrication, multi-frequency operations, and compactness. This research study presents a review on various microstrip patch antenna designs and the different antenna feed mechanisms available for 5G applications.

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Chien-Hsiang Wu, Chien-Hsiang Wu, and Chin-Feng Lai Chien-Hsiang Wu. "Data-driven Diversity Antenna Selection for MIMO Communication using Machine Learning." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 1 (January 2022): 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022012301001.

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With the popularity of wireless application environments, smart antenna technology has completely changed the communication system. In order to improve the quality of wireless transmission, smart antennas have been widely used in wireless devices. Wireless signal modeling and prediction machine learning gradually replaced the traditional smart antenna selection method in the antenna selection solution. This article utilizes mobile devices to adjust the diversity antenna pattern for test verification in a MIMO wireless communication environment. The proposed method manipulates signal parameters through error vector magnitude (EVM) and adds data-driven training data. The results show that the SVM and NN methods proposed in this paper are 10.5% and 14% higher than the traditional EVM calculation methods, respectively. Thereby, realize precise antenna adjustment of mobile devices and improving wireless transmission quality.

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Kiran, W. S. "Challenges and Opportunities in Smart Antenna." IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems 4, no. 3 (2022): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2022.3.003.

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The ever-increasing demand for larger bandwidth with seamless and fast data access for commuters resulted in developing new challenges for wireless service providers. With the increasing network mobility, the communication channel based characteristics between base stations and mobile users are changing rapidly. To meet these challenges, smart antennas have become an essential component in the emerging wireless systems. The increasing requirement for increasing stable network performance and reducing electromagnetic pollution has strengthened smart antenna adoption. The primary objective of this research study is to highlight current research works in the area of smart antennas by evaluating the key technologies, service strategies, solutions and its importance in terms of 5G including network coverage enhancement, data speed, and Quality of Service (QoS).

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Zhou, Li, and Ming Hou. "Research and Analysis about Array Antennas in Mobile Communications." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.628.

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Because the direction of a single antenna is limited, and for strengthening the direct radiant ability of the antenna, we will put the weaker direction antennas together in some way to constitute an antenna array system. The antenna array is also called the array antenna or a disperse antenna array. The antenna cell can be the symmetry center-fed dipole, the aperture antenna, the circle antenna or other forms of the antennas whose direction are limited. In practice, the antenna array is almost constituted of similar antenna cells. I have mainly completed the antenna array direction diagram in conditions of some kinds of parameters. And at last, I get the useful results for practice. This also provides theories basis for the analysis of smart antenna.

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Chung, Ming-An, Cheng-Wei Hsiao, Chih-Wei Yang, and Bing-Ruei Chuang. "4 × 4 MIMO Antenna System for Smart Eyewear in Wi-Fi 5G and Wi-Fi 6e Wireless Communication Applications." Electronics 10, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 2936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10232936.

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This paper proposes a small-slot antenna system (50 mm × 9 mm × 2.7 mm) for 4 × 4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) on smart glasses devices. The antenna is set on the plastic temple, and the inverted F antenna radiates through the slot in the ground plane of the sputtered copper layer outside the temple. Two symmetrical antennas and slots on the same temple and series capacitive elements enhance the isolation between the two antenna ports. When both temples are equipped with the proposed antennas, 4 × 4 MIMO transmission can be achieved. The antenna substrate is made of polycarbonate (PC), and its thickness is 2.7 mm εr=2.85, tanδ=0.0092. According to the actual measurement results, this antenna has two working frequency bands when the reflection coefficient is lower than −10dB, its working frequency bandwidth at 4.58–5.72 GHz and 6.38–7.0 GHz. The proposed antenna has a peak gain of 4.3 dBi and antenna efficiency of 85.69% at 5.14 GHz. In addition, it also can obtain a peak gain of 3.3 dBi and antenna efficiency of 82.78% at 6.8 GHz. The measurement results show that this antenna has good performance, allowing future smart eyewear devices to be applied to Wi-Fi 5G (5.18–5.85 GHz) and Wi-Fi 6e (5.925–7.125 GHz).

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Qasim, Aseel Abdul-Karim, Adheed Hassan Sallomi, and ِAli Khalid Jassim. "Rabid Euclidean direction search algorithm for various adaptive array geometries." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 856–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i2.1899.

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One of the exciting technologies used to meet the increasing demand for wireless communication services is a smart antenna. A smart antenna is basically confirmed by an array of antennas and a digital beamformer unit through which cellular base station can direct the beam toward the desired user and set nulls toward interfering users. In this paper, different array configurations (linear, circular, and planer) with the REDS algorithm are implemented in the digital beam-forming unit. The wireless system performance is investigated to check the smart antenna potentials assuming Rayleigh fading channel environment beside the AWGN channel. Results show how the REDS algorithm offers a significant improvement through antenna radiation pattern optimization, sidelobe level, and interference reduction, and also the RDES algorithm proves fast convergence with minimum MSE and better sidelobe level reduction comparing with other algorithms.

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M. R. S. Neelima, M. R. S. Neelima, A. Haritha A. Haritha, A. Sudha Madhuri, K. Devanam priya, K. Sandhya K. Sandhya, and Dr Ch Santhi Rani Dr. Ch. Santhi Rani. "Smart Antenna for Wcdma FDD Downlink System." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/feb2013/44.

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Benavente-Peces, César, and Iván Herrero-Sebastián. "Worldwide Coverage Mobile Systems for Supra-Smart Cities Communications: Featured Antennas and Design." Smart Cities 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 556–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3030030.

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Current terrestrial mobile communications networks can’t provide worldwide coverage. Satellite communications are expensive, and terminals are large and heavy. Worldwide mobile coverage requires the use of satellites providing an appropriate QoS, including polar regions. The analysis of the potential satellite constellations demonstrates that LEO one is the best solution. A new generation of low cost, small size, lightweight and global mobile coverage LEO satellites is emerging. The main limitation of the terminals is the antenna size factor, and innovative antennas must be developed to meet this goal. This paper investigates the technologies and techniques for designing and developing antennas aimed at LEO satellite communications in Smart Cities and beyond, which are especially beneficial for mobile communications in areas without 4G/5G coverage. The paper focuses on the terrestrial segment and future mobile devices, remarking the design constraints. In this scenario, the paper reviews the most relevant technologies and techniques used to design suitable antennas. The investigation analyses the state-of-the-art and most recent advances in the design of antennas operating in the Ku-band. The main contribution of the authors is a novel antenna design approach based on SIW technology. The antenna features are compared with other approaches, highlighting the benefits, advantages and drawbacks. As a conclusion, the proposed antenna demonstrates to be a good solution to meet the design constraints for such an application: light, low cost, small size factor.

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Khan, Mohammad Monirujjaman, and Tabia Hossain. "Compact Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for Smart Wireless Body Sensors Networks." Engineering Proceedings 2, no. 1 (November 14, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08253.

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In this paper a dual band, a dual band Planar Inverted F antenna (PIFA) is designed for wireless communication intended to be used in wireless body sensor networks. The designed PIFA operates at two different frequency bands, 2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical band (ISM) and 5.2 GHz (HiperLAN band). In body-centric wireless networks, antennas need to be integrated with wireless wearable sensors. An antenna is an essential part of wearable body sensor networks. For on-body communications, antennas need to be less sensitive to human body effects. For body-centric communications, wearable devices need to communicate with the devices located over the surface, and there is a need of communication from on-body devices to off-body units. Based on this need, a dual band planar inverted F antenna is designed that works at two different frequency bands, i.e., 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz. The 2.45 GHz is proposed for establishing communication among the wireless sensor devices attached to the human body, while 5.2 GHz is proposed for the communications for from on-body to off-body devices. The proposed antenna is very compact, and due to having ground plane at the backside it is less sensitive to the effects of the human body tissues. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio™ was used for antenna design and simulation purposes. Performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, radiation pattern and efficiency of this antenna are shown and investigated. These performance parameters of the proposed antenna have been investigated at free space and close proximity to the human body. Simulation results and analysis show that the performance parameters produce very good results for both frequency bands. Due to its compact size, low sensitivity to human body tissues, and dual band functionality, it will be a good candidate for wireless wearable body sensor networks.

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Suh, Minyoung, Katherine E. Carroll, Edward Grant, and William Oxenham. "Investigation into the feasibility of inductively coupled antenna for use in smart clothing." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 26, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-10-2012-0064.

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Purpose – This research investigated the feasibility of using an inductively coupled antenna as the basis of applying a systems approach to smart clothing. In order to simulate real-life situations, the impact of the distortions and relative displacement of different fabric layers (with affixed antennas) on the signal quality was assessed. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A spiral antenna was printed on different fabric substrates. Obstructive conditions of the inductively coupled fabric layers were investigated to find out how much influence these conditions had on transmission performance. Reflected signals and transmitted signals were observed, while fabric antennas were subjected to displacement (distance and dislocation) or deformation (stretching and bending). The threshold of physical obstacles was estimated based on statistical analyses. Findings – The limits of physical conditions that enable proper wireless transmission were estimated up to ∼2 cm for both distance and dislocation, and ∼0.24 K for bending deformation. The antenna performance remained within an acceptable level of 20 percent transmission up to 10 percent fabric stretch. Based on well-established performance metrics used in clothing environment on the body, which employs 2-5 cm of ease, the results imply that the inductively coupled antennas may be suitable for use in smart clothing. Originality/value – This research demonstrates that the use of inductively coupled antennas on multiple clothing layers could offer the basis of a new “wireless” system approach to smart clothing. This would not only result in performance benefits, but would also significantly improve the aesthetics of smart clothing which should result in new markets for such products.

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Del-Rio-Ruiz, Ruben, Juan-Manuel Lopez-Garde, and Jon Legarda. "Planar Textile Off-Body Communication Antennas: A Survey." Electronics 8, no. 6 (June 24, 2019): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060714.

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Fully textile smart wearables will be the result of the complete integration and miniaturization of electronics and textile materials. Off-body communications are key for connecting smart wearables with external devices, even for wireless power transfer or energy harvesting. They need to fulfill specific electromagnetic (EM) (impedance bandwidth (BW), gain, efficiency, and front to back radiation (FTBR)) and mechanical (bending, crumpling, compression, washing and ironing) requirements so that the smart wearable device provides the required performance. Therefore, textile and flexible antennas require a proper trade-off between materials, antenna topologies, construction techniques, and EM and mechanical performances. This review shows the latest research works for textile and flexible planar, fully grounded antennas for off-body communications, providing a novel design guide that relates key antenna performance parameters versus topologies, feeding techniques, conductive and dielectric textile materials, as well as the behavior under diverse measurement conditions.

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Asif, Raees, Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Amjad, Majid Akhtar, Abuzar Baqir, and M. Nawaz Abbasi. "Analysis and Design of an Efficient and Novel MIMO Antenna for 5G Smart Phones Using FDTD and FEM." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 3 (April 20, 2021): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360306.

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A novel and compact antenna element is analyzed and designed to achieve an efficient 4x4 MIMO antenna for a mobile phone at 3.5 GHz band for 5G communication. FTDT and FEM techniques are used to analyze and compare modeling accuracy of the proposed MIMO antenna. It has achieved a minimum isolation of 19.7dB between two antennas with radiation efficiency of 86%. The improved isolation and efficiency for the proposed MIMO antenna has been achieved without any decoupling structure between antennas, instead larger separation between elements due to compact size of the proposed element facilitated to achieve good performance. Pattern diversity is also achieved by arranging adjacent asymmetric antennas in reverse direction with each other. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.002 and Channel Capacity loss (CCL) is also less than 0.4 bps/Hz in the whole frequency band (3.36-3.66 GHz), which is suitable for 5G MIMO systems.

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Streit, Dwight. "Smart antenna use InP." III-Vs Review 17, no. 8 (November 2004): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0961-1290(04)00786-0.

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Li, Yuan, Li An Bian, and Jia Go. "Analysis and Simulation of Mobile Terminal Dual-Unit Smart Antenna." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.673.

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In this paper, we set up the model of downlink for Time Division synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), and present link level simulation to TD-SCDMA mobile terminal smart antenna system. By carrying on performance simulation in system bit error rate between dual-unit antenna and single-unit antenna, we can validate the advantage of dual-unit smart antenna. Besides, we analysis the mobile terminal smart antenna may influenced by many factors, such as distance of two antenna, moving speed, the number of multi-path and user and so on, solve the contradiction between miniaturization of mobile terminal smart antenna and independence between antenna, and provide a valuable design reference to commercialize the limited frequency spectrum resource.

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Ding, Tongyu, Shaoqing Zhang, Liang Zhang, and Yanhui Liu. "Smart Cylindrical Dome Antenna Based on Active Frequency Selective Surface." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5901625.

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In this paper, we proposed a beamforming antenna, which is realized using an omnidirectional antenna in the center surrounded by a cylindrical smart dome. The smart dome is made of 16 active frequency selective surface columns of which the amplitude and phase response can be continuously tuned by varying the bias voltages of the employed varactors. Thus, the performance of the proposed antenna could achieve higher gain, better nulling level, and more agility than many switch methods-based cylindrical reconfigurable antennas. Moreover, in order to overcome the unavailable analytical synthesis caused by complex mutual coupling between columns, we develop a genetic algorithm based optimization system and conducted a serial of experiments to evaluate the high-gain, nulling, continuously steering, and frequency-invariant ability. The results show that, during the frequency tunable range of the AFSS (2.0 GHz to 2.7 GHz), the antenna can offer an additional gain of up to 6.57 dB and nulling level of −56.41 dBi. For the high-gain modes, the −3 dB beam widths are 26°–34°, which offers enhanced angular resolution compared with other reported beam-sweeping work. Furthermore, the radiation pattern is continuously steerable.

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Wang, H., and M. Glesner. "Hardware implementation of smart antenna systems." Advances in Radio Science 4 (September 4, 2006): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-4-185-2006.

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Abstract. Smart antenna systems attract a lot attentions now and believably more in the future, as it can increase the capacity of mobile communication systems dramatically. Design of smart antenna systems combines the technologies of antenna design, signal processing, and hardware implementation. In this paper, a propose of smart antenna structure, as well as some function blocks that have been already implemented in hardware will be presented.

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Chen, Yuan Yuan, Run Jie Liu, Jin Yuan Shen, and Dan Dan He. "The Use of Adaptive Algorithms on Smart Antenna Device." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.730.

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Adaptive beamforming is one of the core technology of the smart antenna system. Two different adaptive algorithms which adopt the minimum mean square algorithm (LMS) and recursive least squares algorithm (RLS) are employed to realize the beamforming in smart antenna system. The smart antenna system based on LMS and RLS is simulated and realized by the MATLAB software in which a uniform linear adaptive antenna array is used. The results show that the smart antenna systems based on RLS and LMS algorithms can significantly reduce the bit error rate especially with the low SNR.

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Kulhari, Sandeep Kumar, and Om Prakash. "Algorithms for Smart Antenna for Digital Communication System." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 2358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12785.

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Benkhadda, Omaima, Mohamed Saih, kebir Chaji, and Abdelati Reha. "Design and Analysis of a RFID Reader Microstrip Array Antenna for IoT Applications in Smart Cities." International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies 17, no. 5 (September 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwltt.20220901.oa3.

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This paper presents the design of 2*1 and 4*1 RFID reader microstrip array antenna at 2.4GHz for the Internet of things (IoT) networks which are Zigbee, Bluetooth and WIFI. The proposed antenna is composed of identical circular shapes radiating patches printed in FR4 substrate. The dielectric constant εr and substrate thickness h are 4.4 and 1.6mm, respectively. The 2*1 and 4*1 array antennas present a gain improvement of 27.3% and 61.9%, respectively. The single,2*1 and 4*1 array antennas were performed with CADFEKO.

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Mahanfar, A., Carlo Menon, R. G. Vaughan, Federico Carpi, M. Parameswaran, and Kambiz Daheshpour. "Tunable Dielectric Resonator Antennas Using Voltage-Controlled Mechanical Deformation." Advances in Science and Technology 56 (September 2008): 614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.56.614.

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We present a new concept for compact, tunable antennas. Traditional approaches have circuits and switchable elements which can be bulky and lossy. Here we investigate structures which offer direct tuning through voltage-controlled deformation of the radiating structure itself. The antenna is a dielectric resonator (DRA), where the antenna impedance and tuning depends on the shape of the dielectric. The deformation action is through using electro-active polymer (EAP) for the dielectric. EAPs have promising properties for smart antennas and ongoing developments are continuing to improve its suitability.

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O'Reilly, Michael, Michael J. Renn, and David Sessoms. "Aerosol Jet® Enabled 3D Antenna and Sensors for IoT Applications." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2015, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 000203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2015-wa14.

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There is fast growing demand for antennas and sensors directly integrated into products including smartphones, wearables, structural components, and other products related to the Internet of Things (IoT). While IoT applications are varied, the common requirement for such “Smart Connected Devices” is an inherent need for sensors (“smart”) and antennas (“connected”). Emerging 3-Dimensional “Direct Write” approaches for creating antenna and sensors enable rapid design and prototyping, reduce manufacturing steps and associated costs, and broaden the choice of target substrate shapes and materials. Optomec has developed a high volume printing solution for the production of 3D antenna and 3D sensors that are tightly integrated with an underlying product ranging from Smartphones to Industrial Components. Aerosol Jet® is a non-contact, room temperature deposition method that is used to print a wide variety of materials, including conductive, semiconducting, ceramic, CNT, graphene and other functional inks suitable for the fabrication of antenna and sensor that are directly integrated onto existing 3D products and structures. Case studies involving direct printing of various antenna (ie: Broadband, Bluetooth, NFC, etc) and sensors (ie: Strain, Creep, etc.) will be presented. Material considerations, including performance and reliability metrics will be discussed; and examples of via filling, wrap-around printing, and five axis motion will be shown.

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Alekhya, B. "Design and Development of Wearable Antenna: A Literature review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 2124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44247.

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Abstract: Wearable electronics and its related technologie’s demand is growing tremendously in recent years .The major developments that accelerated this growth are decrement in the size of wireless devices, advancement of high-speed wireless networks, accessibility of ultra-compact, evolving battery technologies. Most of the Wearable electronic devices for example smart watches, wristbands, rings etc; we use various types of antennas to sense, fetch, and exchange data wirelessly. As one of the best antennas in many terms like compact size, flexibility and easy design is the micrpstrip patch antenna, therefore designing of the same is done. We are designing a microstrip patch antenna as a wearable antenna for its main usage in WBAN (Wideband Body Area Network). The software of CST studio suite which is a 3D electromagnetic analyzer is udes to design the required antenna, where the methodology of cascading of two antennas is taken into account for the design with required gain.

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Cersoli, Trenton, Muneer Barnawi, Kerry Johnson, Edward Burden, Frank Li, Eric MacDonald, and Pedro Cortes. "4D Printed Shape Memory Polymers: Morphology and Fabrication of a Functional Antenna." Recent Progress in Materials 4, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/rpm.2202009.

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Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials that can respond to certain thermal, chemical or electrical stimuli by inducing a structural conformation change into a temporary shape. In this work, a 3D printing process based on a Vat Photo-polymerization of a shape memory polymer (SMP) was investigated to produce customized smart and complex morphable antennas. The mechanical and material properties were examined through a tensile, flexural and rheological testing for different polymer mixture ratios. It was observed that the combination of 20% of an elastomeric resin in a thermoset UV system yields the highest shape recovery performance. The fabrication process of the antenna was based on the incorporation of a conductive material. The approach involved the inclusion of a thin copper electroplating technique. The radiofrequency performance of the fabricated antenna was examined by a vector network analyzer (VNA) and it was observed that a thermal stimulus was capable of inducing a conformal shape on the antenna, resulting in a multi-radio frequency morphing system. The antenna performance was simulated in Ansys HFSS.

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Kim, Jae Hee, Dong-Jin Lee, Tae-Ki An, Jong-Gyu Hwang, and Chi-Hyung Ahn. "Multifunctional Partially Reflective Surface for Smart Blocks." Sensors 21, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 6508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196508.

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In general, a partially reflective surface (PRS) is mainly used to increase the gain of an antenna; some metallic objects placed on the PRS degrades the antenna performance because the objects change the periodic structure of the PRS. Herein, we propose a multifunctional PRS for smart block application. When a passenger passes over a smart block, the fare can be simultaneously collected and presented through the LED display. This requires high gain antenna with LED structure. The high gain characteristic helps the antenna identify passengers only when they pass over the block. The multifunctional PRS has a structure in which an LED can be placed in the horizontal direction while increasing the antenna gain. We used the antenna’s polarization characteristics to prevent performance deterioration when LED lines are placed in the PRS. We built the proposed antenna and measured its performance: At 2.41 GHz, the efficiency was 81.4%, and the antenna gain was 18.3 dBi. Furthermore, the half-power beamwidth was 18°, confirming a directional radiation pattern.

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Chen, Zhikun, Tao Li, Dongliang Peng, and Kang Du. "Two-Dimensional Beampattern Synthesis for Polarized Smart Antenna Array and Its Sparse Array Optimization." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (June 13, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2196049.

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Polarized smart antenna array has attracted considerable interest due to its capacity of matched reception or interference suppression for active sensing systems. Existing literature does not take full advantage of the combination of polarization isolation and smart antennas and only focuses on uniform linear array (ULA). In this paper, an innovative synthesis two-dimensional beampattern method with a null that has cross-polarization for polarized planar arrays is proposed in the first stage. This method aims to further enhance the capability of interference suppression whose optimization problem can be solved by second-order conic programming. In the second stage, a new sparse array-optimized method for the polarized antenna array is proposed to reduce the high cost caused by the planar array that is composed of polarized dipole antennas. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach over state-of-the-art methods.

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Carneiro, António, João Torres, António Baptista, and Maria Martins. "Smart Antenna for Application in UAVs." Information 9, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info9120328.

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In the present paper, a smart planar electrically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR) antenna was developed and tested at the frequency of 1.33 GHz with the main goal to control the main radiation lobe direction, ensuring precise communication between the antenna that is implemented in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the base station. A control system was also developed and integrated into the communication system: an antenna coupled to the control system. The control system consists of an Arduino, a digital potentiometer, and an improved algorithm that allows defining the radiation-lobe direction as a function of the UAV flight needs. The ESPAR antenna was tested in an anechoic chamber with the control system coupled to it so that all previously established requirements were validated.

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Kuang, Ye, Lan Yao, He Luan, Shenghai Yu, Ruiyun Zhang, and Yiping Qiu. "Effects of weaving structures and parameters on the radiation properties of three-dimensional fabric integrated microstrip antennas." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 19 (July 6, 2017): 2182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517716908.

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In smart textile systems, the wireless communication between the wearer and the wider environment plays an important role, especially in medical applications. This can be achieved by integrating an antenna in textile materials. The low-profile microstrip antenna is a desirable choice for textile antennas and integrating this type of antenna into the three-dimensional woven fabric achieves the most integrated textile antenna structure up to now. Different from traditional antenna structures, the three-dimensional woven fabric integrated microstrip antenna has the radiation patch and ground plane totally woven with the yarns, where the radiation properties would strongly depend on the weaving structures and parameters. In this paper, a 1.9 GHz single patch microstrip antenna was designed and six types of antennas with different combinations of woven patches and ground planes were compared. The measured results showed that the three-dimensional woven antenna had adequate performance. In addition, the three-dimensional woven antenna with warp yarns parallel to the feeding direction exhibited a better return loss and radiation pattern than the antenna with weft yarn parallel to the feeding direction, due to the longer current path for the latter antenna based on simulated current distribution analysis. Furthermore, the effects of conductive yarn parameters on the antenna properties were discussed and yarn structures were suggested to obtain relatively ideal antenna performances.

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Pratap Singh Sengar, Anand, and Aman Dahiya. "Reconfigurable Smart Antenna for Wireless Communication Devices." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (September 22, 2018): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20086.

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In this paper a frequency reconfigurable antenna is proposed. The antenna uses electrical switching by means of PIN diodes to achieve reconfigurable properties. PIN diodes are located such that to increase the total effective surface area and simultaneously the surface current. Three slots are cut from antenna to alter the surface current and improve the resonant frequency of the antenna. The location of the PIN diodes is based on optimization in the response. Diode 1 is placed to excite another patch when it will be in ON state whereas diode 2 is used to make an interconnect. Antenna resonates at 0.915 GHz, 1.575 GHz and 2.4GHz depending on whether it is in ON or OFF state. Applications of the antenna include GSM900 (0.8GHz-0.955 GHz), GPS (1.575 GHz), WLAN (2-2.4GHz).

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Beach, Mark A., Joe P. McGeehan, Chris M. Simmonds, Paul Howard, Peter Darwood, George V. Tsoulos, Andrew R. Nix, Pejman Hafezi, and Yong Sun. "European Smart antenna test-beds." Journal of Communications and Networks 2, no. 4 (December 2000): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jcn.2000.6596765.

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Samantaray, Barsa, Kunal Kumar Das, and Jibendu Sekhar Roy. "Beamforming in Smart Antenna using Some Variants of Least Mean Square Algorithm." Circulation in Computer Science MCSP2017, no. 01 (September 24, 2017): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22632/ccs-2017-mcsp034.

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Beamforming and side lobe level reduction of smart antenna are important tasks in mobile network. Adaptive signal processing algorithms are used for beam forming in smart antenna. In this paper, variable step-size sign least mean square (VS-SLMS) algorithm is used for beam forming of smart antenna with linear antenna array. The results are compared with the results obtained using sign least mean square (SLMS) algorithm. Variable step-size algorithm shows good results for beam forming compared to ordinary constant step-size algorithm.

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42

Zheng, Bin, Xiangyang Li, Xin Rao, and Na Li. "Multi-Beam Conformal Array Antenna Based on Highly Conductive Graphene Films for 5G Micro Base Station Applications." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 9681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249681.

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Recently, micro base station antennas have begun to play a more important role in 5G wireless communication, with the rapid development of modern smart medical care, the Internet of things, and portable electronic devices. Meanwhile, in response to the global commitment to long-term carbon neutrality, graphene film has received significant attention in the field of antennas due to its low carbon environmental impact and high electrical conductivity properties. In this work, a conformal array antenna based on highly conductive graphene films (CGF) is proposed for 5G millimeter-wave (MMW) applications. The proposed antenna consists of three antenna arrays, with eight patch elements in each array, operating at 24 GHz, with linear polarization. Each antenna array’s current amplitude distribution coefficient is constructed by synthesizing a series-feeding linear array using the Chebyshev method. The measurement results demonstrated that the proposed CGF antenna exhibits a peak realized gain higher than 8 dBi in the bandwidth of 23.0–24.7 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves three independent beams from bore-sight to ±37° in conformal installations, with a cylinder radius of 30 mm, showing excellent beam-pointing performance. These characteristics indicate that the CGF can be used for the design of MMW micro base station antennas, fulfilling the requirements of the conformal carrier platform for a lightweight and compact antenna.

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43

Park, Hyung Geun, Jae Ho Jung, Hyun Seo Oh, and Mun Geon Kyeong. "Model based antenna array calibration for smart antenna systems." Electronics Letters 38, no. 15 (2002): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20020585.

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Soliman, Md Mohiuddin, Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury, Amith Khandakar, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Yazan Qiblawey, Farayi Musharavati, and Erfan Zal Nezhad. "Review on Medical Implantable Antenna Technology and Imminent Research Challenges." Sensors 21, no. 9 (May 2, 2021): 3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093163.

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Implantable antennas are mandatory to transfer data from implants to the external world wirelessly. Smart implants can be used to monitor and diagnose the medical conditions of the patient. The dispersion of the dielectric constant of the tissues and variability of organ structures of the human body absorb most of the antenna radiation. Consequently, implanting an antenna inside the human body is a very challenging task. The design of the antenna is required to fulfill several conditions, such as miniaturization of the antenna dimension, biocompatibility, the satisfaction of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and efficient radiation characteristics. The asymmetric hostile human body environment makes implant antenna technology even more challenging. This paper aims to summarize the recent implantable antenna technologies for medical applications and highlight the major research challenges. Also, it highlights the required technology and the frequency band, and the factors that can affect the radio frequency propagation through human body tissue. It includes a demonstration of a parametric literature investigation of the implantable antennas developed. Furthermore, fabrication and implantation methods of the antenna inside the human body are summarized elaborately. This extensive summary of the medical implantable antenna technology will help in understanding the prospects and challenges of this technology.

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Zaidi, Abir, Wahaj Abbas Awan, Adnan Ghaffar, Mohammed S. Alzaidi, Mohammad Alsharef, Dalia H. Elkamchouchi, Sherif S. M. Ghoneim, and Turki E. A. Alharbi. "A Low Profile Ultra-Wideband Antenna with Reconfigurable Notch Band Characteristics for Smart Electronic Systems." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (October 22, 2022): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111803.

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This study describes the design and implementation of a small printed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for smart electronic systems with on-demand adjustable notching properties. A contiguous sub-band between 3–4.1 GHz, 4.45–6.5 GHz, or for both bands concurrently, can be mitigated by the antenna. Numerous technologies and applications, including WiMAX, Wi-Fi, ISMA, WLAN, and sub-6 GHz, primarily utilize these band segments remitted by the UWB. The upper notch band is implemented by inserting an open-ended stub with the partial ground plane; the lower notch band functionality is obtained by etching a U-shaped slot from the radiating structure. The basic UWB mode is then changed to a UWB mode, with a single or dual notch band, using two diodes to achieve reconfigurability. The antenna has a physically compact size of 17 × 23 mm2 and a quasi-omnidirectional maximum gain of 4.9 dBi, along with a high efficiency of more than 80%, according to both simulation and measurement data. A significant bandwidth in the UWB region is also demonstrated by the proposed design, with a fractional bandwidth of 180% in relation to the 5.2 GHz center frequency. Regarding compactness, consistent gain, and programmable notch features, the proposed antenna outperforms the antennas described in the literature. In addition to these benefits, the antenna’s compact size makes it simple to incorporate into small electronic devices and enables producers to build many antennas without complications.

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Liu, Wang, and Dong Xu Li. "Placement Optimization of Smart Piezoelectric Rods for Shape Control of Large Cable-Network Antenna Structures." Advanced Materials Research 705 (June 2013): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.705.602.

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Large cable-network antennas are typical flexible space structures, which will inevitably generate deformations under various disturbances from out space. To avoid the degradation of shape accuracy due to deformations, it is imperative to find effective approaches to implement shape control for such antennas. In this paper, a novel application of smart piezoelectric rods that are mounted in the ring truss supporting structure of the antenna is presented to solve the shape control problem. The control mechanism is to generate displacements in opposite direction to resist primal deformations by using the direct piezoelectric effect of piezoceramic materials. Based on the genetic algorithm, optimal locations of the smart piezoelectric rods used for shape control is analyzed in the study. Numerical results demonstrate that the present shape control approach with appropriate placement of smart piezoelectric rods is feasible and effective.

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Petropoulos, Ioannis, Konstantinos Voudouris, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed, Steve M. R. Jones, and Nikos Athanasopoulos. "A Novel Design of Microstrip Arrays for Relay-Based Wireless Network." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/870183.

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A relay station (RS) is a smart transceiver used under a 4G wireless network in order to extend network's coverage and capacity. It uses an antenna system that includes an antenna for connecting the relay with the end users (access link) and the RS with the base station (backhaul link). In this paper, a 7.9 dBi access and 11.4 dBi backhaul antennas are presented for the frequency range of 3.3 to 3.8 GHz. The antennas are simulated and fabricated, and relevant measured results in terms of return loss and radiation pattern are presented and analyzed. Considering that the planes of those two antennas are positioned in an angle (omega), two antenna configuration geometries are tested in terms of coupling. The experimental results of for several values of the angle show that the interaction between the radiating elements is dependent on their relative position. Simulated and experimental results are in good agreement, showing coupling typically less than −40 dB. A comparison in terms of coupling between the proposed antennas and commercial ones proves that the suggested antennas provide 10 dB lower coupling.

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Kuang, Ye, Aiping Yang, He Luan, Hailiang Mao, Wenwen Zhang, Lan Yao, and Yiping Qiu. "Effects of structural parameters of textile substrates on the novel textile conformal half-wave dipole antenna." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 2 (April 7, 2016): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716644288.

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In the smart textile area, textile antennas integrated into people’s clothing functioning as the wireless signal transmission devices have gained increasing attention in recent decades. In this study, a textile conformal dipole antenna was designed to work at the frequency of 915 MHz. The radiation elements of the antenna were adhered directly onto the stitched polyester fabric substrate to get the conformal effect. The measured results showed that the antenna had good performance with the return loss value and typical omnidirectional radiation patterns. To investigate the effect of textile substrate on the antenna performance, models for stitched and plain weave structures were built and the value of root mean square (RMS) surface error was calculated using integration methods. Then an acceptable range of operation frequencies versus RMS was marked out for estimating the reliability of textile substrate. The calculated RMS of our designed antenna was 0.25 mm, which was in the acceptable range area indicating the proper antenna design. Finally, the relationships between the critical frequencies and fabric parameters such as yarn thickness and density were studied, which gives the direct guideline for selecting the fabric as the substrate for textile antennas.

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Wang, Ting, Ke-Wen Xia, and Ning Lu. "Pattern Synthesis for Sparse Arrays by Compressed Sensing and Low-Rank Matrix Recovery Methods." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6403269.

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Antenna array pattern synthesis technology plays a vital role in the field of smart antennas. It is well known that the pattern synthesis of homogeneous array is the key topic of pattern synthesis technology. But this technology needs plenty of homogeneous array elements to meet the antenna requirements. So, a novel pattern synthesis technology for sparse array based on the compressed sensing (CS) and low-rank matrix recovery (LRMR) methods is proposed. The proposed technology predominantly includes the design of sparse array, the recovery of homogeneous array, and the synthesis of antenna array pattern. The simulation result shows that an antenna array with low gain and strong directivity can be arbitrarily built by the use of a small amount of sparse array elements and it is useful for the miniaturization and economical efficiency of the antenna system.

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Scutariu, Adrian, Dalina Zedevei, and Mariana Jurian. "Teacher - Student Graphical User Interface For Testing And Comparing The Performance Of Adaptive Algorithms Used In Smart Antenna Networks." Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education 1, no. 1 (August 15, 2014): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cplbu-2014-0093.

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AbstractSmart antenna networks are receiving a lot of interest in these days, as new advanced and fast processors are being developed. Capable of pointing the main beam in a certain desired direction and create nulls in the radiation pattern in the direction of interference, smart antenna networks are a good solution in a bandwidth limited environment as the number of users continuously grow. This technique is called beamforming. For many years smart antennas were not practical as they involve the use of a processor that runs an adaptive algorithm. Slow processors meant low speed of convergence and a slow adaptation. There are a lot of adaptive algorithms that can fur fill the job that a smart antenna system has to accomplish. The main purpose of this paper is however to present the main advantages of creating a MATLAB GUI (Graphical User Interface) in order to study these algorithms. The GUI described studies 62 adaptive algorithms, some described in literature, some propose by the authors. We will make a short description of the LMS (Least Mean Squares Algorithm), the APA (Affine Projection Algorithm) and the GASSAPA (Gradient Adaptive Scalar Step Size Affine Projection Algorithm) and compare them with the use of the graphical interface.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Smart antenna'

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