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Agius, Joseph. "Fluency SIS: Smart Intervention Strategy." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 193 (June 2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.239.
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Bholey, Mihir. "SMART CITIES AND SUSTAINABLE URBANISM: A STUDY FROM POLICY AND DESIGN PERSPECTIVE." Scholedge International Journal of Multidisciplinary & Allied Studies ISSN 2394-336X 4, no. 6 (July 5, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijmas040601.
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This paper examines India’s foray into building hundred smart cities from multiple perspectives viz. urban challenges, urban policies, sustainable urbanism, emerging global models and design and technology intervention. It also evaluates the relative challenges of building new smart cities like Masdar or Songdo and applying smart interventions to retrofit the aging and ailing urban infrastructure of the existing Indian cities. Based on the data from the secondary sources it examines the priority areas and the possibilities of making smart intervention through use of appropriate technology and design. While doing so, it brings into discussion India’s urban challenges and its policy of urban development over the years besides the recurring development deficit. Today, Indian cities are faced with huge infrastructure deficit which reflects in their performance and service delivery. The imperative to ensure urban rejuvenation now reflects in the recent policy of creating hundred smart cities in India. This paper also discusses howtechnology and design interventions at appropriate levels canaugment urban infrastructure and make a sustainable urban eco-system called smart city.
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Hanish, Alyson, Abbey Jo Klein, Therese Mathews, Ann Berger, Kevin Kupzyk, Cindy Ellis, and Brett Kuhn. "631 Sleep SMART in Adolescents with Neurodevelopmental Disorders." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A247—A248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.629.
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Abstract Introduction: Introduction Sleep disturbances are common in adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Inclusion of vulnerable populations such as adolescents with NDDs into sleep intervention efforts is essential as they are at high-risk for poor physical/mental health outcomes. The objective of this study is to pilot a sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial (SMART) design to compare the impact of a sequence of sleep interventions, based on treatment response, to optimize sleep health in adolescents with NDDs. Methods: Methods Recruitment began June 2019 using convenience sampling. The SMART pilot feasibility study includes 1-week of baseline sleep data, and two 4-week periods of a sleep intervention (9-week total study enrollment). Interventions include exogenous melatonin, The Bedtime Bank, and their combination. Exogenous melatonin (liquid, immediate release, 3mg) is administered 30 minutes before bedtime. The Bedtime Bank, a behavioral sleep intervention, is based upon contingency contracting that relies on a credit- or debt-based system to hold adolescents accountable for maintaining a consistent bedtime. At baseline participants completed demographics, PROMIS pediatric sleep questionnaires, the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ), salivary & urinary endogenous melatonin measurement, and one week of actigraphy. Upon enrollment, participants were randomly assigned to either melatonin or The Bedtime Bank. Participants who respond (nightly increase in total sleep time (TST) ≥18 minutes) remain on the assigned intervention; if non-responsive participants are re-randomized to a different sleep intervention or combination. Results: Results At baseline, participants (n=29, aged 10–18 years) had an average TST of 7 hours 11 minutes. PROMIS Sleep Disturbance (M=64.3, SE=2.5), PROMIS Sleep-Related Impairment scores (M=58.9, SE=2.2), and CASQ scores (M=40.0, SD= 10.5) were higher than reported normative values. Salivary DLMO & urinary 6-sulfatoyxmelatonin analysis is ongoing. For participants who completed the full 9-week trial, nearly 30% (n=7/24) were responsive (increased baseline TST ≥18 minutes) to one of the 4-week interventions. Conclusion: Conclusion Baseline data of the enrolled participants demonstrates poor indicators of TST, sleep disturbance, and sleep related impairment. Preliminary results of this SMART indicate some adolescents are responsive to sleep interventions aimed to improve their TST. Support (if any) Support: This clinical trial is funded by the National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health (1K01NR017465-01A1).
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Koo, Bon-Kwon. "The Smart Strategy for Side Branch Intervention." JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 9, no. 6 (March 2016): 527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2015.12.276.
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Lucock, Mike, Serena Bartys, Jade Cupac, Jaime Delgadillo, Charlotte Denton, Sarah Gaines, Dean McMillan, Andrew Prestwich, and Rick Stebbings. "Using Implementation Intentions to Prevent Relapse after Psychological Treatment for Depression – the SMArT Intervention." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 46, no. 5 (April 18, 2018): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465818000255.
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Background: It is recognized that a significant proportion of people with depression are prone to relapse, even after successful treatment, and that self-management interventions should be developed and provided. There is evidence that implementation intentions (IMPS) can be successfully applied to health-related behaviours but their application to self-management of mental health problems has been limited. Aims: This paper describes the design and initial evaluation of a Self-Management After Therapy (SMArT) intervention, which incorporated IMPS and followed psychological therapy for depression. We sought to assess the feasibility and acceptability of SMArT. Method: The SMArT intervention was designed with reference to the MRC guidance on developing and evaluating complex interventions and co-designed with and implemented in a UK Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service. Eleven patients who were in remission following treatment for depression received the SMArT intervention, provided by Psychological Wellbeing Practitioners (PWPs). The evaluation used routine IAPT outcome measures at each session, feedback from patients and PWPs, and analysis of the type of IMPS identified and their fidelity with the model. Six patients provided brief feedback about the intervention to an independent researcher. Results: Feedback from patients and PWPs suggested that the intervention was feasible, acceptable and could potentially help patients to stay well after therapy. Patients confirmed the value of setting their own goals in the form of IMPS, receiving support from PWPs and in some cases from partners, friends and family members. Conclusions: Implementation intentions are a promising approach to support the self-management of depression.
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Mustanski, Brian, David A. Moskowitz, Kevin O. Moran, Michael E. Newcomb, Kathryn Macapagal, Carlos Rodriguez-Díaz, H. Jonathon Rendina, et al. "Evaluation of a Stepped-Care eHealth HIV Prevention Program for Diverse Adolescent Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Hybrid Type 1 Effectiveness Implementation Trial of SMART." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): e19701. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19701.
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Background Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM), aged 13 to 18 years, account for more than 80% of teen HIV occurrences. Despite this disproportionate burden, there is a conspicuous lack of evidence-based HIV prevention programs. Implementation issues are critical as traditional HIV prevention delivery channels (eg, community-based organizations, schools) have significant access limitations for AMSM. As such, eHealth interventions, such as our proposed SMART program, represent an excellent modality for delivering AMSM-specific intervention material where youth are. Objective This randomized trial aimed to test the effectiveness of the SMART program in reducing condom-less anal sex and increasing condom self-efficacy, condom use intentions, and HIV testing for AMSM. We also plan to test whether SMART has differential effectiveness across important subgroups of AMSM based on race and ethnicity, urban versus rural residence, age, socioeconomic status, and participation in an English versus a Spanish version of SMART. Methods Using a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial design, we will evaluate the impact of a stepped-care package of increasingly intensive eHealth interventions (ie, the universal, information-based SMART Sex Ed; the more intensive, selective SMART Squad; and a higher cost, indicated SMART Sessions). All intervention content is available in English and Spanish. Participants are recruited primarily from social media sources using paid and unpaid advertisements. Results The trial has enrolled 1285 AMSM aged 13 to 18 years, with a target enrollment of 1878. Recruitment concluded in June 2020. Participants were recruited from 49 US states as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. Assessments of intervention outcomes at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months are ongoing. Conclusions SMART is the first web-based program for AMSM to take a stepped-care approach to sexual education and HIV prevention. This design indicates that SMART delivers resources to all adolescents, but more costly treatments (eg, video chat counseling in SMART Sessions) are conserved for individuals who need them the most. SMART has the potential to reach AMSM to provide them with a sex-positive curriculum that empowers them with the information, motivation, and skills to make better health choices. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03511131; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03511131 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/19701
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Fraser, Emma, and Clancy Wilmott. "Ruins of the smart city: a visual intervention." Visual Communication 19, no. 3 (May 26, 2020): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357220919265.
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The visual imaginary of the future city is increasingly dichotomized between visions of hyper-technological digital urbanism and the city in a state of ruin, without people, overtaken by nature. These alternating imaginaries key into concerns over urban futures, as questions of sustainability and rising inequality come to bear on urban life. Such binary imaginaries produce volumes of visual material, lauding and critiquing philosophies of newness, endless progress and the city without decline. This article uses an inventive visual methodology to ask how these imaginaries become situated in the everyday ecologies of living. This methodology focuses on several so-called ‘brownfield’ sites in Salford, UK, and the ‘smart’ Oxford Road Corridor in neighbouring Manchester, to playfully and visually map the entanglement of digital urban ecologies through the themes of wilderness, play and compost. These three themes relate to the pleasure of urban wilderness described by Rose Macaulay, reflecting on London’s wild ruins after the Second World War; the playful contrast between smart urbanism and urban wastelands, understood through interdisciplinary visual methods; and Haraway’s notion of compost as the fertile ground of collaboration that marks a material–semiotic entanglement between place, people and nature. The authors investigate how these frameworks reflect the diversity of urban ecology (animals, plants and humans) and might provide an alternative vision of how the city could be, a vision built from how the city currently is.
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de Falco, Stefano, Margarita Angelidou, and Jean-Paul D. Addie. "From the “smart city” to the “smart metropolis”? Building resilience in the urban periphery." European Urban and Regional Studies 26, no. 2 (July 20, 2018): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776418783813.
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The “smart city” has risen to global prominence over the past two decades as an urban planning and development strategy. As a broad but contested toolkit of technological services and policy interventions aimed at improving the efficacy and efficiency of urban systems, the “smart city” is subject to several pressing critiques. This paper acknowledges these concerns, but recognizes the potential of “urban intelligence” to enhance the resiliency of metropolitan areas. As such, we focus on an under-researched dimension of smart city urbanism: its application in peripheral urban areas. The paper introduces a threefold typology of: (a) geographic (spatial); (b) hard (material); and (c) soft (social) urban peripherality. Second, it reviews the concept of urban resilience and considers how its central characteristics can inform the objectives and implementation of “smart city” infrastructures and planning. Six European smart city plans are assessed via a qualitative content analysis, to identify the target of smart city actions; the characteristics of urban resilience mobilized; and the spatial focus of planned interventions. The comparative analysis reveals a variegated set of smart-city approaches. Notably, “smart” actions aimed at enhancing social innovation are the most common type of intervention, while overall there remains a strong tendency for smart urbanism to focus on the urban core. We conclude by calling for a research agenda addressing smartness in, of, and for, peripheral urban spaces and communities.
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Theofanopoulou, Nikki, Katherine Isbister, Julian Edbrooke-Childs, and Petr Slovák. "A Smart Toy Intervention to Promote Emotion Regulation in Middle Childhood: Feasibility Study." JMIR Mental Health 6, no. 8 (August 5, 2019): e14029. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14029.
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Background A common challenge with existing psycho-social prevention interventions for children is the lack of effective, engaging, and scalable delivery mechanisms, especially beyond in-person therapeutic or school-based contexts. Although digital technology has the potential to address these issues, existing research on technology-enabled interventions for families remains limited. This paper focuses on emotion regulation (ER) as an example of a core protective factor that is commonly targeted by prevention interventions. Objective The aim of this pilot study was to provide an initial validation of the logic model and feasibility of in situ deployment for a new technology-enabled intervention, designed to support children’s in-the-moment ER efforts. The novelty of the proposed approach relies on delivering the intervention through an interactive object (a smart toy) sent home with the child, without any prior training necessary for either the child or their carer. This study examined (1) engagement and acceptability of the toy in the homes during 1-week deployments, and (2) qualitative indicators of ER effects, as reported by parents and children. Results Across all families, parents and children reported that the smart toy was incorporated into the children’s ER practices and engaged with naturally in moments the children wanted to relax or calm down. Data suggested that the children interacted with the toy throughout the deployment, found the experience enjoyable, and all requested to keep the toy longer. Children’s emotional connection to the toy appears to have driven this strong engagement. Parents reported satisfaction with and acceptability of the toy. Conclusions This is the first known study on the use of technology-enabled intervention delivery to support ER in situ. The strong engagement, incorporation into children’s ER practices, and qualitative indications of effects are promising. Further efficacy research is needed to extend these indicative data by examining the psychological efficacy of the proposed intervention. More broadly, our findings argue for the potential of a technology-enabled shift in how future prevention interventions are designed and delivered: empowering children and parents through child-led, situated interventions, where participants learn through actionable support directly within family life, as opposed to didactic in-person workshops and a subsequent skills application.
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Joseph, Rodney P., Colleen Keller, Sonia Vega-López, Marc A. Adams, Rebekah English, Kevin Hollingshead, Steven P. Hooker, Michael Todd, Glenn A. Gaesser, and Barbara E. Ainsworth. "A Culturally Relevant Smartphone-Delivered Physical Activity Intervention for African American Women: Development and Initial Usability Tests of Smart Walk." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): e15346. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15346.
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Background Smart Walk is a culturally relevant, social cognitive theory–based, smartphone-delivered intervention designed to increase physical activity (PA) and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk among African American (AA) women. Objective This study aimed to describe the development and initial usability testing results of Smart Walk. Methods Smart Walk was developed in 5 phases. Phases 1 to 3 focused on initial intervention development, phase 4 involved usability testing, and phase 5 included intervention refinement based on usability testing results. In phase 1, a series of 9 focus groups with 25 AA women (mean age 38.5 years, SD 7.8; mean BMI 39.4 kg/m2, SD 7.3) was used to identify cultural factors associated with PA and ascertain how constructs of social cognitive theory can be leveraged in the design of a PA intervention. Phase 2 included the analysis of phase 1 qualitative data and development of the structured PA intervention. Phase 3 focused on the technical development of the smartphone app used to deliver the intervention. Phase 4 consisted of a 1-month usability trial of Smart Walk (n=12 women; mean age 35.0 years, SD 8.5; mean BMI 40 kg/m2, SD 5.0). Phase 5 included refinement of the intervention based on the usability trial results. Results The 5-phase process resulted in the development of the Smart Walk smartphone-delivered PA intervention. This PA intervention was designed to target social cognitive theory constructs of behavioral capability, outcome expectations, social support, self-efficacy, and self-regulation and address deep structure sociocultural characteristics of collectivism, racial pride, and body appearance preferences of AA women. Key features of the smartphone app included (1) personal profile pages, (2) multimedia PA promotion modules (ie, electronic text and videos), (3) discussion boards, and (4) a PA self-monitoring tool. Participants also received 3 PA promotion text messages each week. Conclusions The development process of Smart Walk was designed to maximize the usability, cultural relevance, and impact of the smartphone-delivered PA intervention.
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Kettlewell, Jade, Roshan das Nair, and Kate Radford. "A systematic review of personal smart technologies used to improve outcomes in adults with acquired brain injuries." Clinical Rehabilitation 33, no. 11 (July 29, 2019): 1705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215519865774.
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Objective: This review aimed to determine the effectiveness of personal smart technologies on outcomes in adults with acquired brain injury. Data sources: A systematic literature search was conducted on 30 May 2019. Twelve electronic databases, grey literature databases, PROSPERO, reference list and author citations were searched. Methods: Randomised controlled trials were included if personal smart technology was used to improve independence, goal attainment/function, fatigue or quality of life in adults with acquired brain injury. Data were extracted using a bespoke form and the TIDieR checklist. Studies were graded using the PEDro scale to assess quality of reporting. Meta-analysis was conducted across four studies. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria, generating a total of 244 participants. All studies were of high quality (PEDro ⩾ 6). Interventions included personal digital assistant, smartphone app, mobile phone messaging, Neuropage and an iPad. Reporting of intervention tailoring for individual needs was inconsistent. All studies measured goal attainment/function but none measured independence or fatigue. One study ( n = 42) reported a significant increase in memory-specific goal attainment ( p = 0.0001) and retrospective memory function ( p = 0.042) in favour of the intervention. Another study ( n = 8) reported a significant increase in social participation in favour of the intervention ( p = 0.01). However, our meta-analyses found no significant effect of personal smart technology on goal attainment, cognitive or psychological function. Conclusion: At present, there is insufficient evidence to support the clinical benefit of personal smart technologies to improve outcomes in acquired brain injury. Researchers need to conduct more randomised studies to evaluate these interventions and measure their potential effects/harms.
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Zhang, Shuai, Sally McClean, Bryan Scotney, Xin Hong, Chris Nugent, and Maurice Mulvenna. "An intervention mechanism for assistive living in smart homes." Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments 2, no. 3 (2010): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ais-2010-0073.
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Wilbur, JoEllen, Ann M. Kolanowski, and Linda M. Collins. "Utilizing MOST frameworks and SMART designs for intervention research." Nursing Outlook 64, no. 4 (July 2016): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2016.04.005.
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Polivka, Barbara J., Marcel J. Casavant, Erika Malis, and David Baker. "Evaluation of theBe Poison Smart!® Poison Prevention Intervention." Clinical Toxicology 44, no. 2 (January 2006): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650500514301.
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Jung, Hoill, Hyun Yoo, Youngho Lee, and Kyung-Yong Chung. "Interactive pain nursing intervention system for smart health service." Multimedia Tools and Applications 74, no. 7 (March 22, 2014): 2449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-1923-4.
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Sri Harsha, M., P. Sai Teja, Punyasloka Mahapatra, and R. Anand. "Smart aerial monitoring system to prevent human wildlife intervention." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1045, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1045/1/012023.
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Geiger, Sarah N., and J. P. Oehrtman. "School Counselors and the School Leadership Team." Professional School Counseling 23, no. 1_part_3 (January 2020): 2156759X2090356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x20903566.
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A school leadership team is an opportunity for school counselors to demonstrate their capacity as school leaders and implement their training in using data to identify evidence-based interventions and evaluate the effectiveness of chosen interventions. We share a case study of how we utilized a school leadership team to better meet the needs of students via the development and implementation of the Stress Management and Resiliency Training Lab (SMART Lab) as a K–12 multi-tiered system of support. Use of the evidence-based school counseling model for systematic evaluation revealed that the SMART Lab intervention contributed to improvements in students’ behavior, attendance, and grades.
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Chatfield, Akemi Takeoka, and Christopher G. Reddick. "Smart City Implementation Through Shared Vision of Social Innovation for Environmental Sustainability." Social Science Computer Review 34, no. 6 (August 3, 2016): 757–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439315611085.
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Environmental sustainability is a critical global issue that requires comprehensive intervention policies. Viewed as localized intervention policy implementations, smart cities leverage information infrastructures and distributed renewable energy smart micro-grids, smart meters, and home/building energy management systems to reduce city-wide carbon emissions. However, theory-driven smart city implementation research is critically lacking. This theory-building case study identifies antecedent conditions necessary for implementing smart cities. We integrated resource dependence, social embeddedness, and citizen-centric e-governance theories to develop a citizen-centric social governance framework. We apply the framework to a field-based case study of Japan’s Kitakyushu smart community project to examine the validity and utility of the framework’s antecedent conditions: resource-dependent leadership network, cross-sector collaboration based on social ties, and citizen-centric e-governance. We conclude that complex smart community implementation processes require shared vision of social innovation owned by diverse stakeholders with conflicting values and adaptive use of informal social governance mechanisms for effective smart city implementation.
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Lee, Jin-Pyo, and Yang-Sook Lee. "Structural Equation Model of Elementary School Students’ Quality of Life Related to Smart Devices Usage Based on PRECEDE Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 18, 2021): 4301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084301.
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Korean elementary school students have the lowest life satisfaction levels among OECD countries. The use of smart devices has led to smartphone addiction, which seriously affects their quality of life. This study aims to establish and test variables that affect the quality of life (QOL) of elementary school students based on the Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation (PRECEDE) model, using smart device-related parental intervention, self-efficacy, social support, health promotion behaviors, family environment, smart device addiction, and QOL as measurement variables. Three elementary schools in the Republic of Korea completed self-report questionnaires. Descriptive statistical analysis and hypothetical model fit and test were used for data analysis. The model was found to be valid. Smart device addiction directly affected QOL. In contrast, health promotion behaviors, self-efficacy, social support, and smart device parental intervention indirectly affected QOL. Health-promoting behaviors also directly affected smart device addiction, self-efficacy, and family environment had a direct effect on health-promoting behavior. Therefore, to improve the QOL of elementary school students, the government should focus on developing programs that can help them actively perform health promotion activities and improve self-efficacy, social support, and parental intervention for smart devices that indirectly affect them.
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Bentley, Claire L., Lauren Powell, Stephen Potter, Jack Parker, Gail A. Mountain, Yvonne Kiera Bartlett, Jochen Farwer, et al. "The Use of a Smartphone App and an Activity Tracker to Promote Physical Activity in the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): e16203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16203.
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Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is highly prevalent and significantly affects the daily functioning of patients. Self-management strategies, including increasing physical activity, can help people with COPD have better health and a better quality of life. Digital mobile health (mHealth) techniques have the potential to aid the delivery of self-management interventions for COPD. We developed an mHealth intervention (Self-Management supported by Assistive, Rehabilitative, and Telehealth technologies-COPD [SMART-COPD]), delivered via a smartphone app and an activity tracker, to help people with COPD maintain (or increase) physical activity after undertaking pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Objective This study aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of using the SMART-COPD intervention for the self-management of physical activity and to explore the feasibility of conducting a future randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate its effectiveness. Methods We conducted a randomized feasibility study. A total of 30 participants with COPD were randomly allocated to receive the SMART-COPD intervention (n=19) or control (n=11). Participants used SMART-COPD throughout PR and for 8 weeks afterward (ie, maintenance) to set physical activity goals and monitor their progress. Questionnaire-based and physical activity–based outcome measures were taken at baseline, the end of PR, and the end of maintenance. Participants, and health care professionals involved in PR delivery, were interviewed about their experiences with the technology. Results Overall, 47% (14/30) of participants withdrew from the study. Difficulty in using the technology was a common reason for withdrawal. Participants who completed the study had better baseline health and more prior experience with digital technology, compared with participants who withdrew. Participants who completed the study were generally positive about the technology and found it easy to use. Some participants felt their health had benefitted from using the technology and that it assisted them in achieving physical activity goals. Activity tracking and self-reporting were both found to be problematic as outcome measures of physical activity for this study. There was dissatisfaction among some control group members regarding their allocation. Conclusions mHealth shows promise in helping people with COPD self-manage their physical activity levels. mHealth interventions for COPD self-management may be more acceptable to people with prior experience of using digital technology and may be more beneficial if used at an earlier stage of COPD. Simplicity and usability were more important for engagement with the SMART-COPD intervention than personalization; therefore, the intervention should be simplified for future use. Future evaluation will require consideration of individual factors and their effect on mHealth efficacy and use; within-subject comparison of step count values; and an opportunity for control group participants to use the intervention if an RCT were to be carried out. Sample size calculations for a future evaluation would need to consider the high dropout rates.
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Hébert, Emily T., Chaelin K. Ra, Adam C. Alexander, Angela Helt, Rachel Moisiuc, Darla E. Kendzor, Damon J. Vidrine, Rachel K. Funk-Lawler, and Michael S. Businelle. "A Mobile Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention for Smoking Cessation: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): e16907. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16907.
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Background Smartphone apps for smoking cessation could offer easily accessible, highly tailored, intensive interventions at a fraction of the cost of traditional counseling. Although there are hundreds of publicly available smoking cessation apps, few have been empirically evaluated using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. The Smart-Treatment (Smart-T2) app is a just-in-time adaptive intervention that uses ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) to assess the risk for imminent smoking lapse and tailors treatment messages based on the risk of lapse and reported symptoms. Objective This 3-armed pilot RCT aimed to determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an automated smartphone-based smoking cessation intervention (Smart-T2) relative to standard in-person smoking cessation clinic care and the National Cancer Institute’s free smoking cessation app, QuitGuide. Methods Adult smokers who attended a clinic-based tobacco cessation program were randomized into groups and followed for 13 weeks (1 week prequitting through 12 weeks postquitting). All study participants received nicotine patches and gum and were asked to complete EMAs five times a day on study-provided smartphones for 5 weeks. Participants in the Smart-T2 group received tailored treatment messages after the completion of each EMA. Both Smart-T2 and QuitGuide apps offer on-demand smoking cessation treatment. Results Of 81 participants, 41 (50%) were women and 55 (68%) were white. On average, participants were aged 49.6 years and smoked 22.4 cigarettes per day at baseline. A total of 17% (14/81) of participants were biochemically confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinent at 12 weeks postquitting (Smart-T2: 6/27, 22%, QuitGuide: 4/27, 15%, and usual care: 4/27, 15%), with no significant differences across groups (P>.05). Participants in the Smart-T2 group rated the app positively, with most participants agreeing that they can rely on the app to help them quit smoking, and endorsed the belief that the app would help them stay quit, and these responses were not significantly different from the ratings given by participants in the usual care group. Conclusions Dynamic smartphone apps that tailor intervention content in real time may increase user engagement and exposure to treatment-related materials. The results of this pilot RCT suggest that smartphone-based smoking cessation treatments may be capable of providing similar outcomes to traditional, in-person counseling. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02930200; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02930200
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Dulli, Lisa, Kathleen Ridgeway, Catherine Packer, Kate R. Murray, Tolulope Mumuni, Kate F. Plourde, Mario Chen, Adesola Olumide, Oladosu Ojengbede, and Donna R. McCarraher. "A Social Media–Based Support Group for Youth Living With HIV in Nigeria (SMART Connections): Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): e18343. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18343.
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Background Youth living with HIV (YLHIV) enrolled in HIV treatment experience higher loss to follow-up, suboptimal treatment adherence, and greater HIV-related mortality compared with younger children or adults. Despite poorer health outcomes, few interventions target youth specifically. Expanding access to mobile phone technology, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in particular, has increased interest in using this technology to improve health outcomes. mHealth interventions may present innovative opportunities to improve adherence and retention among YLHIV in LMICs. Objective This study aimed to test the effectiveness of a structured support group intervention, Social Media to promote Adherence and Retention in Treatment (SMART) Connections, delivered through a social media platform, on HIV treatment retention among YLHIV aged 15 to 24 years and on secondary outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, HIV knowledge, and social support. Methods We conducted a parallel, unblinded randomized controlled trial. YLHIV enrolled in HIV treatment for less than 12 months were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive SMART Connections (intervention) or standard of care alone (control). We collected data at baseline and endline through structured interviews and medical record extraction. We also conducted in-depth interviews with subsets of intervention group participants. The primary outcome was retention in HIV treatment. We conducted a time-to-event analysis examining time retained in treatment from study enrollment to the date the participant was no longer classified as active-on-treatment. Results A total of 349 YLHIV enrolled in the study and were randomly allocated to the intervention group (n=177) or control group (n=172). Our primary analysis included data from 324 participants at endline. The probability of being retained in treatment did not differ significantly between the 2 study arms during the study. Retention was high at endline, with 75.7% (112/163) of intervention group participants and 83.4% (126/161) of control group participants active on treatment. HIV-related knowledge was significantly better in the intervention group at endline, but no statistically significant differences were found for ART adherence or social support. Intervention group participants overwhelmingly reported that the intervention was useful, that they enjoyed taking part, and that they would recommend it to other YLHIV. Conclusions Our findings of improved HIV knowledge and high acceptability are encouraging, despite a lack of measurable effect on retention. Retention was greater than anticipated in both groups, likely a result of external efforts that began partway through the study. Qualitative data indicate that the SMART Connections intervention may have contributed to retention, adherence, and social support in ways that were not captured quantitatively. Web-based delivery of support group interventions can permit people to access information and other group members privately, when convenient, and without travel. Such digital health interventions may help fill critical gaps in services available for YLHIV. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03516318; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03516318
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Jutagir, Devika R., Rebecca M. Saracino, Amy Cunningham, Kelly A. Foran-Tuller, Mary A. Driscoll, William H. Sledge, Sukru H. Emre, and Dwain C. Fehon. "The feasibility of a group stress management Liver SMART intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease: A pilot study." Palliative and Supportive Care 17, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147895151800024x.
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AbstractObjectiveStructured, empirically supported psychological interventions are lacking for patients who require organ transplantation. This stage IA psychotherapy development project developed and tested the feasibility, acceptability, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of an 8-week group cognitive behavioral stress management intervention adapted for patients with end-stage liver disease awaiting liver transplantation.MethodTwenty-nine English-speaking United Network for Organ Sharing–registered patients with end-stage liver disease from a single transplantation center enrolled in 8-week, group cognitive-behavioral liver stress management and relaxation training intervention adapted for patients with end-stage liver disease. Patients completed pre- and postintervention surveys that included the Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Feasibility, acceptability, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy were assessed.ResultAttendance rate was 69.40%. The intervention was rated as “good” to “excellent” by 100% of participants who completed the postintervention survey in teaching them new skills to relax and to cope with stress, and by 94.12% of participants in helping them feel supported while waiting for a liver transplant. No adverse events were recorded over the course of treatment. Attrition was 13.79%. Anxious and depressive symptoms were not statistically different after the intervention.Significance of resultsThe liver stress management and relaxation training intervention is feasible, acceptable, and tolerable to end-stage liver disease patients within a transplant clinic setting. Anxious and depressive symptoms remained stable postintervention. Randomized controlled trials are needed to study the intervention's effectiveness in this population.
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Bourdeau, Beth, Brenda A. Miller, Hilary F. Byrnes, W. Gill Woodall, David B. Buller, and Joel W. Grube. "Efficacy of a Web-Based Intervention (Smart Choices 4 Teens) for Facilitating Parent-Adolescent Communication About Relationships and Sexuality: Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 4, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): e19114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19114.
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Background There is a need for interventions that promote healthy decision making among adolescents and leverage the ongoing impact of parental relationships through older adolescence and young adulthood. These interventions should maximize adolescent engagement and be easily accessible to families in terms of cost, duration, and logistics related to participation. Objective This study aims to test the efficacy of the healthy relationships and sexual decision-making component of a web-based intervention for older adolescents and their parents, ascertain whether the efficacy varies by gender, and assess its efficacy over time. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted for the web-based, self-paced intervention Smart Choices 4 Teens from 2014 to 2015. Families (N=411) with adolescents aged 16-17 years were randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition. Surveys assessing aspects of sexual communication were administered at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 months. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine the impact of exposure to the relationships component of the intervention on sexual communication by parents, as reported by adolescents. Results Less than half (88/206, 42.7%) of the intervention group participated in the third and final intervention component, which was focused on relationships and sexual decision making. Participation in the relationships component increased the frequency of parental sexual communication and increased the number of dating rules after accounting for other significant adolescent characteristics. The impact of the intervention varied little by gender, although it did demonstrate an impact on communication reports over the follow-up survey administrations. Conclusions Smart Choices 4 Teens demonstrated efficacy in increasing the frequency of sexual communication between parents and adolescents in the long term. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03521115; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03521115
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Shelby, Renee, Sarah Barnes, Nassim Parvin, and Mary McDonald. "The Conjoined Spectacles of the “Smart Super Bowl”." Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 6 (June 26, 2020): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.295.
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This essay examines the Super Bowl and the smart city as conjoined spectacles. A focused case study on Super Bowl LIII and its staging in Atlanta, Georgia in 2019 allows us to investigate how the use of cutting-edge smart technologies, including cameras, sensors, artificial intelligence, image recognition, and data collection techniques to secure Mercedes Benz stadium naturalizes a broader anticipatory logic of state and corporate intervention, often evoked in the name of public safety and terrorism-prevention. Together the spectacles of sport and smart technologies gloss over systemic inequality and legitimize security infrastructures as well as related ideas that social problems such as a lack of affordable housing, police brutality, and environmental degradation are best addressed through technological solutions. Foregrounding the conjoined spectacles of the smart city and Super Bowl problematizes seemingly necessary security processes and social relations among people, events, technologies, and cities, inviting further research and discussions necessary for strengthening critical interventions and theorizing in these areas.
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Gonze, Bárbara De Barros, Ricardo Da Costa Padovani, Maria Do Socorro Simoes, Vinicius Lauria, Neli Leite Proença, Evandro Fornias Sperandio, Thatiane Lopes Valentim Di Paschoale Ostolin, et al. "Use of a Smartphone App to Increase Physical Activity Levels in Insufficiently Active Adults: Feasibility Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART)." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 10 (October 23, 2020): e14322. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14322.
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Background The sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) design allows for changes in the intervention during the trial period. Despite its potential and feasibility for defining the best sequence of interventions, so far, it has not been utilized in a smartphone/gamified intervention for physical activity. Objective We aimed to investigate the feasibility of the SMART design for assessing the effects of a smartphone app intervention to improve physical activity in adults. We also aimed to describe the participants’ perception regarding the protocol and the use of the app for physical activity qualitatively. Methods We conducted a feasibility 24-week/two-stage SMART in which 18 insufficiently active participants (<10,000 steps/day) were first randomized to group 1 (smartphone app only), group 2 (smartphone app + tailored messages), and a control group (usual routine during the protocol). Participants were motivated to increase their step count by at least 2000 steps/day each week. Based on the 12-week intermediate outcome, responders continued the intervention and nonresponders were rerandomized to subsequent treatment, including a new group 3 (smartphone app + tailored messages + gamification) in which they were instructed to form groups to use several game elements available in the chosen app (Pacer). We considered responders as those with any positive slope in the linear relationship between weeks and steps per day at the end of the first stage of the intervention. We compared the accelerometer-based steps per day before and after the intervention, as well as the slopes of the app-based steps per day between the first and second stages of the intervention. Results Twelve participants, including five controls, finished the intervention. We identified two responders in group 1. We did not observe relevant changes in the steps per day either throughout the intervention or compared with the control group. However, the rerandomization of five nonresponders led to a change in the slope of the steps per day (median −198 steps/day [IQR −279 to −103] to 20 steps/day [IQR −204 to 145]; P=.08). Finally, in three participants from group 2, we observed an increase in the number of steps per day up to the sixth week, followed by an inflection to baseline values or even lower (ie, a quadratic relationship). The qualitative analysis showed that participants’ reports could be classified into the following: (1) difficulty in managing the app and technology or problems with the device, (2) suitable response to the app, and (3) difficulties to achieve the goals. Conclusions The SMART design was feasible and changed the behavior of steps per day after rerandomization. Rerandomization should be implemented earlier to take advantage of tailored messages. Additionally, difficulties with technology and realistic and individualized goals should be considered in interventions for physical activity using smartphones. Trial Registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-8xtc9c; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8xtc9c/.
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Rezansoff, Stefanie N., Akm Moniruzzaman, Wei Xiao Yang, and Julian M. Somers. "A Hub intervention in Surrey, Canada: learning from people at risk." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 3, no. 2 (October 17, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.69.
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Co-occurring health and public safety concerns involving mental illness, substance use, and homelessness are increasingly prevalent challenges for policymakers in cities worldwide. The Hub model is a roundtable process where the combined resources of diverse agencies are used to mitigate urgent risk of crime, victimization, illness and death, by establishing immediate connections with appropriate services and supports. Initiated in Scotland, the model has been replicated in more than 60 communities across Canada since 2012. In November 2105, the Surrey Mobilization and Resiliency Table (SMART) became the first Hub in British Columbia. Little peer-reviewed research has examined the impact of Hub inter-ventions from a client perspective. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 SMART clients and analyzed their responses thematically. We also examined demographic- and intervention-related characteristics reported in the SMART database. Participants described positive experiences with SMART service providers, and commented that the intervention was effective at meeting relatively circumscribed needs. However, most clients reported complex and mutually exacer-bating health and social conditions, and expressed the need for ongoing structured support (e.g., Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)). Our results emphasize the beneficial role played by SMART’s coordinated, real-time approach. They also indicate demand for social policies that include substantial and enduring forms of support to prevent crises and promote community safety.
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Srivastava, Nayan. "A.I.- Smart Assistant." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 25, 2021): 2384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35553.
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Artificial Intelligent is widely used when it comes to everyday life. Computer science explains AI research as a study of brilliant agents. Every In almost any direction one turns to today, some computer-based information processing technology intervention, whether by a person knowingly or not. Artificial Intelligence has already changed our way of life. A device that we can see in its nature and take action increases its chances of success goals. Input to the recommendations algorithm can be a file for user database and items, and careless removal will be recommendations. User to install in the system by voice or text. This paper presents a new approach to it. All over the world, many people use the assistant. This paper introduces visual applications an assistant that helps to give humanity a chance at various domains. This paper also describes the annoyance of using visual assistant technology.
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Nouchi, Rui, and Ryuta Kawashima. "Improving Cognitive Function from Children to Old Age: A Systematic Review of Recent Smart Ageing Intervention Studies." Advances in Neuroscience 2014 (August 11, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/235479.
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Background. Cognitive functions are important for daily life at any age. One purpose of Smart Ageing is to investigate how to improve cognitive functions. This systematic review evaluates beneficial effects of the intervention on cognitive functions. Method. We conducted a systematic review of intervention studies of improvements of cognitive functions published or in press before December 2013. Because of the heterogeneity of the intervention programs, a systematic and critical review of the interventions and outcomes was conducted instead of a meta-analysis. Results. We identified nine completed and published studies, which were divided into four categories: cognitive training using video game, cognitive training using PC, cognitive training using paper and pencil, and exercise training. Review results showed that various intervention programs can improve cognitive functions such as executive functions, working memory, episodic memory, processing speed, and general cognitive ability/IQ. Conclusions. The systematic review demonstrated that some intervention programs can be effective for improving various aspects of cognitive functioning at any age. Some limitations to this review include its small sample size and heterogeneity of programs and cognitive function measures, in addition to unresolved issues such as transfer of everyday skills and effectiveness for nonhealthy people.
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Tucker, Carolyn M., Tasia M. Smith, Guillermo M. Wippold, Nicole E. Whitehead, Tara A. Morrissette, Jaime L. Williams, Nwakaego A. Ukonu, Tya M. Arthur, Yvette M. Sealy, and Benjamin S. Crosier. "Impact of a University-Community Partnership Approach to Improving Health Behaviors and Outcomes Among Overweight/Obese Hispanic Adults." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 11, no. 6 (January 22, 2016): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827615623773.
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Objective. To examine the impact of a community-informed and community-based Health-Smart Church (HSC) Program on engagement in health promoting behaviors (healthy eating and physical activity) and health outcomes (body mass index, weight, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure). Design. A total of 70 overweight/obese Hispanic adults participated in an intervention group (n = 37) or a waitlist control group (n = 33) in 2 Hispanic churches in Bronx, New York. Results. Post-intervention the intervention group significantly increased in frequency of healthy eating and physical activity compared to the waitlist control group. Although no significant changes in body mass index or systolic blood pressure were found for either group, the intervention group decreased significantly in weight from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Conclusions. The results of the present study add to the growing body of literature evidencing the successful use of community-engaged and community-based participatory health promotion interventions with racial/ethnic minority populations and highlight important practices and considerations for similar health promotion interventions with these communities.
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JPT staff, _. "Technology Update: "Smart" Technology Moves to Intervention Operations." Journal of Petroleum Technology 58, no. 08 (August 1, 2006): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0806-0022-jpt.
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JOHNSON, CAROLYN C., THERESA A. NICKLAS, MARIAN L. ARBEIT, DAVID W. HARSHA, DENISE S. MOTT, SAUNDRA M. HUNTER, WENDY WATTIGNEY, and GERALD S. BERENSON. "Cardiovascular Intervention for High-Risk Families: The Heart Smart Program." Southern Medical Journal 84, no. 11 (November 1991): 1305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199111000-00004.
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Gairhe, Janma Jaya, Mandeep Adhikari, Deepak Ghimire, Arun Khatri-Chhetri, and Dinesh Panday. "Intervention of Climate-Smart Practices in Wheat under Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Nepal." Climate 9, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9020019.
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Besides a proper agronomic management followed by Nepalese farmers, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production has been severely affected by changing climate. There are many interventions, including climate-smart practices, to cope with this situation and possibly enhance crop and soil productivity. Field experiments were set up in a randomized complete block design with six treatments (TRT) with four replications in three locations (LOC) during wheat-growing seasons in Nepal from 2014 to 2016. Treatments included (i) Controlled Practice (CP), (ii) Improved Low (IL), (iii) Improved High (IH), (iv) Climate Smart Agriculture Low (CSAL), (v) Climate Smart Agriculture Medium (CSAM), and (vi) Climate Smart Agriculture High (CSAH), whereas those LOC were Banke, Rupandehi and Morang districts. There was a significant main effect of TRT and LOC on grain yield and a significant interactionn effect of TRT × LOC on biomass yield in 2014–2015. About 55.5% additional grain yield was produced from CSAM treatment compared to CP in 2014–2015. Among locations, grain yield was the highest in Banke (3772.35 kg ha−1) followed by Rupandehi (2504.47 kg ha−1) and Morang districts (2504.47 kg ha−1). In 2015–2016, there was a significant interaction effect of TRT × LOC on grain and biomass yields. The highest grain yield was produced from CSAH treatment in Banke district in 2015–2016. Overall, grain yield and other parameters showed a better response with either of the climate-smart interventions (mostly CSAH or CSAM) despite variability in geography, climate, and other environmental factors indicating the potential of climate-smart practices to improve wheat production in southern plains of Nepal.
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Hendricks, Kristin, Risa Wilkerson, Christine Vogt, and Scott TenBrink. "Transforming a Small Midwestern City for Physical Activity: From the Sidewalks Up." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 6, no. 6 (November 2009): 690–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.6.6.690.
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Background:Jackson, Michigan (population 36,000) started active living interventions to help solve residents' low physical activity levels. Jackson's experience can serve as a case study for beginning similar efforts in smaller communities.Methods:In 2003, Jackson began a 3-prong community intervention utilizing the 5P model to increase safe physical activity opportunities and encourage walking and biking for short trips. The focus included work on projects at 1) elementary schools, 2) worksites, and 3) city-wide networks.Results:Evaluation results show changes in attitudes toward active transportation (8% increase in children who thought walking to school was “safer” postintervention), intentions to try active transportation (43% of Smart Commute Day participants “would” smart commute more often postevent), and increased physical activity (the percentage of students walking to school more than doubled at 3 of 4 intervention schools). In addition, a community level observational study was conducted at 10 locations in the city in 2005 and 2006. The number of people seen using active transportation increased from 1,028 in 2005 to 1,853 people in 2006 (a 63% increase).Conclusions:Local community-driven projects to increase walking and biking can be effective by utilizing a variety of interventions, from the individual to the policy level.
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Osganian, Stavroula K., Deanna M. Hoelscher, Michelle Zive, Paul D. Mitchell, Patricia Snyder, and Larry S. Webber. "Maintenance of Effects of the Eat Smart School Food Service Program: Results from the Catch-on Study." Health Education & Behavior 30, no. 4 (August 2003): 418–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198103253509.
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The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) Eat Smart Program targeted the food service of the 56 CATCH intervention elementary schools to effect positive changes in the total fat and saturated fat content of school lunch. Maintenance of the food service intervention in former intervention ( n = 56) and control ( n = 20) schools was evaluated 5 years postintervention. After 5 years of follow-up and no further intervention, the former CATCH intervention schools not only maintained prior levels but also had further decreases in the mean percentage of calories from total and saturated fat to 31% and 10.4%, respectively. Significant decreases in these nutrients were also observed in the former CATCH control schools; however, the former intervention schools more closely approached the Eat Smart goal for total fat. Overall, sodium levels rose in both school conditions and did not differ significantly at follow-up.
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Octavianthy, Desti, and Widodo Wahyu Purwanto. "Designing Smart Energy System for Smart City through Municipal Solid Waste to Electricity: Techno-Economic Analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702044.
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Smart energy system is one of the important infrastructures for building smart city. Waste to energy (WtE) is an innovative solution using municipal solid waste (MSW) as a source for electricity. This research was conducted to design WtE Plant in Depok and to asses economic viability of different business models. The technologies applied in WtE are anaerobic digestion and gas engine to generate electricity. The simulation was conducted using SuperPro Designer and UniSim Design software to evaluate the technical performances of electricity production from organic solid waste. The feasibility of project implementation of various business models are evaluated through economic analysis. The result of this study shows that the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in Depok has potential to generate electricity up to 28 MW. From economic aspect, pay off business scheme greatly affects the value of NPV and IRR. Meanwhile, the intervention scheme on fiscal incentives and low loan interest rate have slight effect on IRR values. A combination of Viability Gap Fund (VGF) and increased tipping fees intervention scheme is an optimum business scheme to build WtE plant and achieve electricity price below the offtaker’s willingness-to-pay.
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Utpat, Nikita J., and Rahul R. Bogam. "Effect of ‘SMART health education model’ on knowledge and attitudes of school students in rural area about ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan of India’ and sanitation practices." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 2 (January 25, 2017): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170294.
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Background: India has been facing various sanitation problems like open defecation, insanitary toilets, improper waste disposal, manual scavenging etc. Poor sanitation in schools, particularly rural schools are health hazards and affects school attendance, retention and educational performance. Several studies reported poor knowledge about sanitation practices among school students in India, so there is need to inculcate good sanitation practices among them. ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’ is national level health campaign of India which was launched on 2nd October 2014. The present study was first study to create awareness among school students about ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’ as well as sanitation practices through ‘SMART Health Education Model’.Methods: An interventional study was conducted in one of the randomly selected public schools in rural field practice area of Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College, Pune. The study participants were 100 students belonging to 5th and 6th class and they were exposed to structured ‘SMART Health Education Model’. Entire data from pre and post intervention questionnaire was entered into ‘Microsoft Office Excel Sheet’ and analysed by using ‘Paired t test’.Results: Significant improvement in knowledge about sanitation practices was found after applying ‘SMART Model’ (Pre-test mean marks: 4.17, post-test mean marks: 9.52, t = 24.31, p<0.001). The study reported favourable attitudes of participants towards ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’.Conclusions: It indicates that even a simple intervention like ‘SMART Model’ can make significant change in knowledge of school students about personal and environmental hygiene.
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Nelson, Benjamin W., and Nicholas B. Allen. "Extending the Passive-Sensing Toolbox: Using Smart-Home Technology in Psychological Science." Perspectives on Psychological Science 13, no. 6 (September 14, 2018): 718–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691618776008.
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New smart-home devices provide the opportunity to advance psychological science and theory through novel research opportunities in home environments. These technologies extend the in vivo research and intervention capabilities afforded by other assessment techniques such as Ecological Momentary Assessment methods as well as mobile and wearable devices. Smart-home devices contain a multitude of sensors capable of continuously and unobtrusively collecting multimodal data within home contexts. These devices have some complementary strengths and limitations compared with other assessment methods. This article (a) briefly reviews data collection methods in home environments, (b) discusses the unique advantages of smart-home devices, (c) describes the extant smart-home literature, (d) explores how these devices may advance evaluation and refinement of psychological theories, (e) describes examples of psychological processes that are potential targets for smart-home assessment and intervention, (f) considers methodological challenges and barriers, (g) discusses ethical considerations, and (h) concludes with a discussion of future directions for research and the merging of passive-sensing technologies with active self-report methods. This article aims to highlight the potential utility of smart-home devices within psychological research to evaluate psychological theories related to behavior within the home context.
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McDonald, Samantha M., and Stewart G. Trost. "The Effects of a Goal Setting Intervention on Aerobic Fitness in Middle School Students." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 34, no. 4 (October 2015): 576–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2014-0138.
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Purpose:This study evaluated the effects of a goal setting intervention on aerobic fitness (AF) in 6th to 8th grade students.Method:Students at the intervention school received a lesson on SMART goal setting. Students in the comparison school served as a measurement-only group. AF was assessed via the PACER multistage shuttle run test pre and post intervention. Between-group differences for change in AF were assessed using a RM ANCOVA.Results:A significant group by time interaction was observed for PACER performance, F(1,263) = 39.9, p < .0001. Intervention students increased PACER performance from 40.6 to 45.9 laps, while comparison students exhibited a decline from 30.2 to 23.4 laps. Intervention students were 10 times as likely as those in the comparison school to maintain Healthy Fitness Zone status or progress from Needs Improvement Zone to Healthy Fitness Zone.Discussion:Educating middle school students about SMART goal setting may be an effective strategy for improving aerobic fitness.
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Massie, Ariane, Keri-Leigh Cassidy, Michael Vallis, David Conn, Daria Parsons, Julie Spence Mitchell, Claire Checkland, and Kiran Rabheru. "Comparing a Clinician Assisted and App-Supported Positive Psychiatry Behavioral Activation Intervention." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1203.
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Abstract Positive psychiatry offers a unique approach to promote brain health and well-being in aging populations. Health interventions are increasingly becoming available using self-guided apps, however, little is known about the effectiveness of app technology or the difference between in-person versus self-guided app methodology for behavioural activation. The objective of this study was to investigate the difference in users and outcomes between two formats of a positive psychiatry intervention to promote brain health and well-being in later-life: (1) clinician-assisted, and (2) independent app use for self-management. As part of a larger national knowledge translation intervention two methods of a behavioural activation intervention (Clinician-assisted vs. Independent app use) were retrospectively compared. Main outcomes were patient characteristics (age, sex, and completion rate), psychological outcomes (health and resilience, and well-being), and behavioural outcomes (goal attainment, and items of goal SMART-ness). Clinician-assisted patients (n=254) were more likely to be male, older, and had lower health and resilience scores at baseline than Independent app users (n=333). Clinician-assisted patients had notably higher completion rates (99.2% vs. 10.8%). Psychological outcomes were similar regardless of intervention method for those who completed the intervention. Clinician-assisted patients had higher rates of goal attainment and goal SMART-ness. A preliminary goal setting methodology for effective behavioural activation, to promote brain health and wellness, is given. Clinician-patient relationships were found to be an important factor for intervention completion, caution is given for app use referral. Results indicate a need for further exploration to determine best practices for health app use in clinical practice.
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Kamarajugadda, Manaswi. "IOT Based Smart Public Distribution System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 5037–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36100.
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Taking care of poor families in developing countries such as India, it is an important aspect of meeting people's basic needs. The current public distribution system of grocery stores requires manual quantification and transaction records. In existing systems, we have - City guide card holders who have been authenticated, cardholders spend hours collecting rations, human resource management, black market marketing, unfair human intervention in transaction, update and maintenance entries in the complex ledger, and many other illegal activities.
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Rajankar, Pallavi, and Dr Sairaj Milind Patki. "Eat Well : Smart Intervention Plan for Bulimia in the Indian Context." JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOCIAL RESEARCH 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32381/jpr.2019.14.02.11.
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Smith, Alan D. "Gauging acceptability of governmental intervention in terms of smart card technology." Electronic Government, an International Journal 2, no. 1 (2005): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/eg.2005.006650.
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Montgomery, D. H., M. Zive, D. Raizman, T. Nicklasv, M. Evans, P. Snyder, N. Baker, B. Hann, and K. Bachman. "Description and evaluation of a food service intervention (eat smart) training." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 93, no. 9 (September 1993): A74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-8223(93)91245-l.
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Griffin, Aislinn. "154 Specialised Memory and Attention Rehabilitation Therapy (SMART) Programme." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_3 (September 2019): iii1—iii16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz102.35.
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Abstract Background The population of Ireland is ageing and the number of people with dementia in the coming years will be significant and could be as high as 132,000 people by 2041 (Pierce et al 2014). This estimated prediction highlighted the importance and value of developing and implementing interventions that will meet the needs of individuals with dementia and their carers in the community. We identified the need for a cognitive rehabilitation programme in an acute hospital and developed the “Specialised Memory and Attention Rehabilitation Therapy (SMART) Programme”. The aim of the programme is to improve quality of life, cognitive ability and performance of meaningful occupations for individuals with dementia in the community. Methods The SMART programme uses an evidence based approach of education, process training, strategy training and function for delivery to individuals with dementia and their carers. It is a seven week programme with a three month follow up appointment. Weeks one, seven and three month follow up are 1:1 assessments where outcome measures are completed. There is a group intervention programme for five weeks which includes a patient booklet with education sheets, strategy, work and homework sheets as well as functional tasks. Results There was statistically significant results pre and post intervention in the Rivermead Behavioural Memory test, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Functional Independence Measure and the DEMQoL – Dementia quality of life questionnaire. Overall, the results showed statistically significant improvements in memory function, clinically significant gains in terms of perceived functional performance & satisfaction and objective and significant improvements in functional performance. Conclusion The findings have demonstrated potential to significantly improve participants’ cognitive function and have shown functional significant gains as a result both objectively and subjectively. The findings have also demonstrated the feasibility of successfully implementing a cognitive rehabilitation programme on an outpatient basis in an acute hospital setting.
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Ravishanker, Ashish K. Luhach, Sykam V. N. Kumar, and Ramesh C. Poonia. "Speed of Things (SoT): Evolution of Isolation-to-Intermingle (I2I) Technology Transition Towards IoT." Recent Patents on Computer Science 12, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213275911666181010114221.
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Background: In today’s world it is highly difficult to manage the smart things and fulfill the communication needs without the Internet as it provides ultimate means for human to human (H2H) communication. The ‘things’ could be entities or devices that contribute for the communication. But to enhance and improve such smart communication among the things that involves nonhuman intervention, there is a need to add few more smart capabilities to the Internet. As the world of Internet is on its way of transformation into a new smart world called ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT) where the things should possess the ability of sensing, communication and control to let the things exchange information without complete intervention of humans to provide advanced and qualitative services, which is possible with the help of protocols. Objective: This paper discusses how the transition could be started and being progressed in wired and wireless systems, and how it changes the traditional means of communication among different devices and humans into a smart way. Methods: Transition here refers to how isolated things are being intermingled with each other to generate a smart protocol communication. Results and Conclusion: The aim of such transition is to improve the efficiency, flexibility, adaptability and interoperability. This paper also explores various factors that contribute to IoT.
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Legault, Lisa, Stephen Bird, Susan E. Powers, Amanda Sherman, Alan Schay, Daqing Hou, and Kerop Janoyan. "Impact of a Motivational Intervention and Interactive Feedback on Electricity and Water Consumption: A Smart Housing Field Experiment." Environment and Behavior 52, no. 6 (November 23, 2018): 666–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916518811433.
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Many interventions designed to curb energy use are ineffective because they fail to inspire individuals to engage in proenvironmental behavior and interact meaningfully with energy information. This field experiment targeted individuals’ personal motivations and goals in combination with sensor-recorded energy feedback to decrease electricity and water consumption. Residents from 77 “smart” apartments were randomly assigned to attend a multifaceted motivational program and set action-oriented energy goals. Participants were also randomly assigned to receive interactive energy feedback. Continuous electricity and water data were then collected for 3 months. Those who received the motivational intervention used significantly less hot water than those who did not receive the intervention. Moreover, those exposed to action-focused feedback used significantly less electricity than those who did not receive the feedback—an effect that was more pronounced in the motivation condition. Results support the use of interventions directed at personal proenvironmental motivations and action-focused group goals.
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Blatch, Chris, Kevin O'Sullivan, Jordan J. Delaney, and Daniel Rathbone. "Getting SMART, SMART Recovery© programs and reoffending." Journal of Forensic Practice 18, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-02-2015-0018.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine reconviction outcomes for 2,882 male and female offenders with significant alcohol and other drug (AOD) criminogenic needs, serving custodial sentences in New South Wales, between 2007 and 2011, who participated in the Getting SMART and/or the SMART Recovery® programs. Design/methodology/approach – A quasi-experimental research design utilized data from 2,343 offenders attending Getting SMART; 233 attending SMART Recovery© and 306 attending both programs, compared to a propensity score-matched control group of 2,882 offenders. Cox and Poisson regression techniques determined survival times to first reconviction and rates of reconvictions, adjusting for time at risk. Findings – Getting SMART participation was significantly associated with improved odds of time to first reconviction by 8 percent and to first violent reconviction by 13 percent, compared to controls. Participants attending both programs (Getting SMART and SMART Recovery©), had significantly lower reconviction rate ratios for both general (21 percent) and violent (42 percent) crime, relative to controls. Getting SMART attendance was associated with significant reductions in reconviction rates of 19 percent, and the reduction for SMART Recovery© attendance (alone) was 15 percent, the latter figure being non-significant. In all, 20 hours in either SMART program (ten sessions) was required to detect a significant therapeutic effect. Practical implications – Criminal justice jurisdictions could implement this two SMART program intervention model, knowing a therapeutic effect is more likely if Getting SMART (12 sessions of cognitive-restructuring and motivation) is followed by SMART Recovery© for ongoing AOD therapeutic maintenance and behavioral change consolidation. SMART Recovery©, a not-for-profit proprietary program, is widely available internationally. Originality/value – Getting SMART and SMART Recovery© have not previously been rigorously evaluated. This innovative two-program model contributes to best practice for treating higher risk offenders with AOD needs, suggesting achievable reductions in both violent and general reoffending.
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Urizar, Guido G., Menchie Caliboso, Cassandra Gearhart, Ilona S. Yim, and Christine Dunkel Schetter. "Process Evaluation of a Stress Management Program for Low-Income Pregnant Women: The SMART Moms/Mamás LÍSTAS Project." Health Education & Behavior 46, no. 6 (August 8, 2019): 930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198119860559.
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Background. The SMART Moms/Mamás LÍSTAS Project was a randomized control trial that tested the efficacy of a prenatal stress management program in reducing stress and cortisol levels among low-income women. The current study is a process evaluation of the stress management program (intervention arm of the original randomized controlled trial) and assessed whether implementation fidelity factors (i.e., intervention delivery, receipt, and enactment) were associated with lower stress (perceived stress, salivary cortisol), improved negative and positive mood states (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), and increased confidence to use relaxation and coping skills. Method. Fifty-five low-income pregnant women (71% Latina, 76% annual income <$20,000) attended weekly group-based sessions over an 8-week period in which a clinically trained researcher taught relaxation and coping skills. Process evaluation measures were obtained via participant self-report and videotaped class sessions that were coded for delivery, receipt, and enactment of the intervention to determine which implementation factors were associated with changes in program outcomes (stress, mood, confidence) over the 8-week period. Results. Women in stress management showed a significant reduction in their stress and cortisol levels ( p < .001), improvements in negative and positive mood states ( p < .001) and were more confident in using relaxation and coping skills postintervention (74%). The implementation factors of delivery (i.e., instructor adherence to intervention content; p = .03) and enactment (i.e., participant use of intervention skills; p = .02) were most associated with improvements in program outcomes. Conclusion. These findings highlight that implementation factors should be considered when delivering stress management interventions in underserved communities.
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Munir, Fehmidah, Paul Miller, Stuart J. H. Biddle, Melanie J. Davies, David W. Dunstan, Dale W. Esliger, Laura J. Gray, et al. "A Cost and Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Stand More AT Work (SMArT Work) Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041214.
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This study conducted a cost and cost-benefit analysis of the Stand More AT (SMArT) Work workplace intervention, designed to reduce sitting time. The study was a cluster two-armed randomised controlled trial involving 37 office clusters (146 desk-based workers) in a National Health Service Trust. The intervention group received a height-adjustable workstation with supporting behaviour change strategies. The control group continued with usual practice. Self-report absenteeism, presenteeism and work productivity were assessed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months; and organisational sickness absence records 12 months prior to, and 12 months of the intervention. Mean per employee costs associated with SMArT Work were calculated. Absenteeism, presenteeism and work productivity were estimated, and employer-recorded absence data and employee wage-banding were used to provide a human-capital-based estimate of costs to the organisation. The return-on-investment (ROI) and incremental cost-efficacy ratios (ICER) were calculated. Intervention cost was £692.40 per employee. Cost-benefit estimates show a net saving of £1770.32 (95%CI £-354.40, £3895.04) per employee as a result of productivity increase. There were no significant differences in absence data compared to the control group. SMArT Work provides supporting evidence for policy-makers and employers on the cost benefits of reducing sitting time at work.