Journal articles: 'Smart materials Structure'

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Measures, Raymond M. "Smart materials and structure." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 87, S1 (May 1990): S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2028076.

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TAKEYA, H., T. OZAKI, and N. TAKEDA. "SMS-30: Fabrication of Highly Reliable Advanced Grid Structure(SMS-V: SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, NDE)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.43_3.

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DOS SANTOS E LUCATO, S. L., R. M. MCMEEKING, and A. G. EVANS. "SMS-12: Shape Morphing Truss Structure for Aerospace and Marine Applications(SMS-II: SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, NDE)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.30_4.

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Vasanthanathan, A., S. Menaga, and K. Rosemi. "A Comprehensive Review of Smart Systems through Smart Materials." Current Materials Science 12, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797612666190408141830.

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Background:The vital role of smart materials in the field of aircraft, spacecraft, defence, electronics, electrical, medical and healthcare industries involve sensing and actuating for monitoring and controlling applications. The class of smart materials are also named as active materials or intelligent materials or adaptive materials. These materials act intelligently based upon the environmental conditions. Structures incorporated with smart materials are named as smart structures.Methods:The principal objective of the present paper is to explore a comprehensive review of various smart materials viz. piezoelectric materials, Shape Memory Alloy, micro sensors and fibre optic sensors. The significance of these intelligent materials in various fields are also deliberately presented in this work from the perspective of Patents and literatures test data.Results:Smart Materials possesses multifunctional capabilities. The smart materials viz. piezoelectric materials, Shape Memory Alloy, micro sensors and fibre optic sensors are embedded with structures like aircraft, spacecraft, automotive, bridges, and buildings for the purpose of exhibiting Structural Health Monitoring system. Smart materials are finding increasing applications in the present aircraft, spacecraft, automotive, electronics and healthcare industries.Conclusion:Innovative ideas would become reality by integrating the any structure with Smart Materials.

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Kajiwara, Itsuro, and Ryo Tsuchiya. "Multidisciplinary Optimization of Smart Structure with Characteristic Variation for Vibration Suppression(International Workshop on Smart Materials and Structural Systems, W03 Jointly organized by Material & Processing Division, Material & Mechanics Division, Dynamics & Control Division and Space Engineering Division.)." Reference Collection of Annual Meeting 2004.8 (2004): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjsm.2004.8.0_276.

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Jha, Akhilesh K., and Daniel J. Inman. "Sliding Mode Control of a Gossamer Structure Using Smart Materials." Journal of Vibration and Control 10, no. 8 (August 2004): 1199–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546304044796.

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Gossamer structures have been a subject of renewed interest for space applications because of their low weights, on-orbit deploying capabilities, and minimal stowage volumes. In this study, vibration suppression of an inflated structure using piezoelectric actuators and sensors has been attempted. These actuators and sensors can be suitably used for gossamer structures since they can conform to curved surfaces and provide distributed actuation and sensing capabilities. Using the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system (structure, actuators, and sensors), a state-space model is derived. For designing a robust vibration controller, we used a sliding mode technique. The derivations of the sliding model controller and observer are presented in details. Finally, by means of numerical analysis, the method was demonstrated for an inflated torus considering Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC™) as actuators and Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) as sensors. The simulation studies show that the piezoelectric actuators and sensors are suitable for vibration suppression of an inflatable torus. The robustness properties of the controller and observer against the parameter uncertainty and disturbances are also studied.

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Abdullah, Ermira Junita, Dayang Laila Abang Abdul Majid, Lim Gui Yuan, and Nurul Fareha Harun. "Performance Analysis of Smart Composite Structure Using Shape Memory Alloy Actuators." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.361.

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Smart structures are able to adapt, alter or change in response to external stimuli. The analysis and design of smart structures involves a highly multi-disciplinary effort which includes structures, materials, dynamics, control and design. Shape memory alloy (SMA) is a suitable candidate for actuator in the smart structure design as it can be activated to alter the shape of the structure. This paper proposes a design for smart composite structure suitable for aerospace applications. Finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze a designer structure which is able to meet the requirements for smart structure as well as determining the placement of the actuators within the structure. Due to the nonlinear behavior of the SMA actuator, it is critical to incorporate a feedback control system that is able to accurately morph the structure. A prototype of the smart composite structure was fabricated and its performance was analyzed.

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Wang, Zhong Lin, Zhen Chuan Kang, and Kenji Uchino. "Functional and Smart Materials: Structural Evolution and Structure Analysis." Physics Today 51, no. 11 (November 1998): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.882083.

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Jia, Yong Hui, and Jia Xiao Heng. "Structure of Smart Materials and its Application in Construction Industry." Advanced Materials Research 1022 (August 2014): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1022.26.

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In this paper, the piezoelectric ceramic crisp, poor water resistance, resistance to external load capability is not strong lack of self-designed package more perfect a new type of "smart piezoelectric aggregate", to better address the PZT film resist unfavorable load , vulnerability and durability issues and other aspects; and further superior characteristics of piezoelectric smart sensing and drive integration of theoretical analysis, modeling, numerical calculations, mechanical analysis and experimental research; on this basis, based on the pressure and Experimental Research aggregate electric smart sensor / driver structural health monitoring and damage detection algorithm, the theoretical basis for the realization of the transition from the pilot study engineering applications to provide the experimental basis and technical support.

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Zhang, Lei, Dong Wei Li, and Zhi Jun Mao. "Research of Adaptive Vibration Control with Piezoelectric Materials." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 2336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.2336.

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A kind of adaptive searching optimization active vibration control system of smart structure with piezoelectric materials was put forward, and the smart flexible cantilever structure was analyzed, the active vibration control system was realized in the lab. The result proved the methods’ feasibility and practicability.

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Takagi, Toshiyuki, Takanori Takeno, Hiroyuki Miki, and Yun Luo. "Metal-Containing DLC: Toward a Smart Coating on Smart Materials." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2014–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2014.

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NiTi shape memory alloys (NiTi-SMA or Nitinol) have successful application thanksto their excellent and unique material properties. However, considering the practical applicationto human body, elution from the toxic Ni ions into human body should be taken into account.Many researchers have dealt with the issue and already proposed various surface treatmenttechniques including the surface oxidation and ion implantation.Our focus is to enhance thefunctionality of Nitinol. We have been developing the smart sensor utilizing metal-containingDiamond-like Carbon (Me-DLC) thin coating. Emphasis can be made on the unique propertiesof Me-DLC deposited on the Nitinol. Strong adhesive strength has been obtained in Me-DLCand Nitinol system. In this paper, we propose a novel Me-DLC coating with multifunctionalityof the suppression of the toxic Ni ions. The paper includes deposition technique, performanceof the coating concerning adhesive strength and suppression of the toxic Ni ions, and ﬁnallymultilayered structure aiming at multifunctionality.

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Dai, Ya Wen, Zhuo Qiu Li, Xiao Yu Zhang, and Si Rong Zhu. "Virtual Experimental Studies on Carbon Fiber Smart Materials Resistivity Tomography." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.283.

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With the emergence of large-size complex structures, conventional discrete sensors can’t meet the requirement of structure health monitoring because they can only sense the strain in a single direction. In this paper, based on sensing and covering properties of carbon fiber smart material (CFSM), an idea of a sensitive layer placed on the structure surface was proposed. By setting finite electrodes on the edge of the sensitive layer, the stress field of tested structure is transformed to electric field which is apt to be tested, and with resistivity tomography technology (ERT), field(global) monitoring on civil engineering structure can be realized. To avoid impact resulting from measuring errors caused by misc factors in experiment, CFSM ERT system was utilized in virtual experiments. Virtual Experiments were conducted on ANSYS finite element software aided by its excellent abilities in coupled field analysis. The virtual experiments included two cases: circular plate simply supported at its perimeter under single loading of different values in the center, and circular plate simply supported at its perimeter under multipoint loading in different positions. In the virtual experiments current incentive in adjacent electrodes and voltage measurement in other adjacent electrodes were implemented, and the measured voltage data was transmitted to the ERT system to obtain the contour plot of resistivity distribution. It indicates that for the single loaded CFSM virtual experiment with tensile strain, its resistivity is increased with the load increase. Compared with 1st and 2nd principal strain distribution in structure tested area, resistivity distribution will qualitatively reflect force field of structure. In multipoint loaded CFSM virtual experiment with compress strain, resistivity descends. Compared with 3rd and 2nd principal strain distribution in structure tested area, low resistivity area just locates at area of biggest strain. Based on virtual experiment, efficiency of CFSM ERT system is demonstrated, greatly supporting the consequent practical application.

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Ahmadian, Mehdi, Kristina M. Jeric, and Daniel J. Inman. "An Experimental Evaluation of Smart Damping Materials for Reducing Structural Noise and Vibrations." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 123, no. 4 (May 1, 2001): 533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1389459.

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An experimental evaluation of the benefits of smart damping materials in reducing structural noise and vibration is presented. The construction of a special test rig for measuring both vibrations and structure-borne noise is discussed. Next, the application of smart damping materials, specifically piezoceramics with electrical shunts, in reducing the vibrations of a test plate is discussed. It is shown that the smart damping materials are able to effectively reduce the vibration peaks at multiple frequencies, with minimal amount of added weight to the structure, as compared to passive viscoelastic damping materials. Further, the test results show that the structure-borne noise at the vibration peaks is substantially reduced with the smart damping materials. The results indicate the viability of smart damping materials for many industrial applications where reducing noise and vibrations is desired, with minimal amounts of added weight.

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Sohn, Jung Woo, Heung Soo Kim, and Seung Bok Choi. "Dynamic Characteristics of Smart Hull Structures Featuring Piezoelectric Materials." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 1145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.1145.

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In this paper, dynamic characteristics of an end-capped hull structure with surface bonded piezoelectric actuators are studied. Finite element technique is used to ensure application to practical geometry and boundary conditions of smart hull structure. Modal analysis is conducted to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the hull structure. Piezoelectric self-sensing actuators are attached where the maximum control performance can be obtained. Active controller based on Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) theory is designed to suppress vibration of smart hull structure. It is observed that closed loop damping can be improved with suitable weighting factors in the developed LQG controller.

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Praveen Kumar S, Balaji Ganesh S, and Vinay Sivasamy. "Smart restorative materials used in dentistry - A review." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 12, 2020): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.2958.

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The expression "Smart restorative material" alludes to those that can be changed in controlled style for example, stress, temperature moisture, pH and electrical or attractive fields. The need of great importance is to present dental materials that have biomimicking properties of regular tooth structure. Different biocompatible materials have been presented and generally utilized in numerous fields of dentistry. Smart restorative behaviour of substances occurs while it detects a few improvements from the overall circumstance and responds to it in a helpful, reproducible and for the maximum element reversible way. A key component of smart conduct incorporates its capacity to come back to the first state. A portion of these materials utilized are altered glass ionomers, calcium phosphate discharging pit and fissure sealants, smart composites, smart ceramic, compomers, orthodontic shape-memory alloys, amalgams, smart impression materials, smart sutures, smart burs, smart endodontic files and so forth. These materials have changed the dentistry and are the start of another part in Biosmart Dentistry.

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Hajighasemi, Mohammad Reza, Majid Safarabadi, Azadeh Sheidaei, Mostafa Baghani, and Majid Baniassadi. "Design and Manufacture of a Smart Macro-Structure with Changeable Effective Stiffness." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 12, no. 01 (January 2020): 2050001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825120500015.

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Smart materials are being utilized in many fields and different external stimuli are used to change specific properties of these materials. In this research, a novel method was developed to design a structure with the desired nonlinear effective Young’s modulus. This method is geometric based where the structures are designed with a gap between them. These structures exhibit nonlinear elastic response. Wide range of structures with desired stress–strain curve can be generated using this approach. First, a unit cell was designed and later used to create a periodic structure. Numerical simulations have been exploited to prove the efficiency of the method. A prototype was manufactured by the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing method. The compression test was performed on the structure. Both simulations and experimental results proved that the effective Young’s modulus of the structure can be increased up to 142%. Second, the designed unit cell was optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to achieve a cell with desired nonlinear stress–strain curve. This cell was optimized considering five effective geometric parameters to alter the effective Young’s modulus of the cell. Finally, a periodic structure was created by repeating a cell with two different gap’s distances. A structure with a desired stress–strain curve was designed using the same method.

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Brenneis, Matthias, and Peter Groche. "Integration of Piezoceramic Tube under Prestress into a Load Carrying Structure." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.651.

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Smart structures consisting of a load carrying structure and smart materials with actuatory and sensory capabilities feature high potential in numerous applications. However, to master the assembly conditions of smart structures, there is a need to integrate additional design parameters such as prestress of the smart material, critical loads and electric contacting as well as insulation into the process development. This paper focusses on the design of an incremental bulk forming process to integrate piezoceramic components into an aluminum tube simultaneously to the manufacturing process. Axial forces imposed on the piezoceramic are investigated numerically and experimentally to verify the design of critical components and the process control. Within this investigation, in situ measurement of the direct piezoelectric effect provides a method to validate the numerical design with regard to failure of the piezo tube and the functional properties of the overall structure.

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Raja, M. Ganesh, and S. Narayanan. "Simultaneous Optimization of Structure and Control of Smart Tensegrity Structures." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 20, no. 1 (July 30, 2008): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x08089536.

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Shipunov, G. S., M. A. Baranov, A. S. Nikiforov, D. V. Golovin, and A. A. Tihonova. "Study Smart-layer effect on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the samples from polymer composite materials under quasi-static loading." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2020.4.16.

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Currently, developments of the so-called Smart-constructions are relevant as they enable a real-time monitoring of changes in required values. Smart designs are widely used in the construction, automotive and aerospace industries. Technologies of creating products from polymer composite materials make it possible to introduce various sensors directly into the structure of a material, thereby create systems monitoring the state of structures. The most recommended for such implementation are fiber-optic sensors, which have a number of advantages over other sensors (luminescent, strain gauge, piezoelectric ones). However, when introducing the fiber-optic sensors, there is a number of difficulties, which are primarily associated with fragility of the optical fiber and lead to the breakdown of fiber-optic lines. As a result, it is necessary to develop a Smart-layer that will protect the optical fiber leads and will not significantly change the physical and mechanical characteristics. This paper aims to determine the stiffness and strength characteristics of samples made of polymer composite materials: reference samples, samples with embedded fiber-optic sensors, samples with embedded Smart-layers. In this work, a Smart-layer is understood as a coating that protects the fiber-optic sensors at the stage of implementation into a structure. The paper considers the following configurations of the Smart-layer: polymer reinforced mesh, polyamide and polyurethane layer. We analyzed and compared the influence of the embedded optical fiber and various configurations of the Smart-layer in the composite structure on the physicomechanical characteristics of the samples obtained under quasi-static loading (tension, compression, and interlayer shear). For a more detailed analysis of using the fiber-optic sensors and various configurations of the Smart-layer, the corresponding loads were simulated to assess their mechanical behavior. Based on the obtained physical and mechanical characteristics, a specific configuration of the Smart-layer was selected and justified for further researches.

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Cazottes, Paul, A. Fernandes, Joel Pouget, and Moustapha Hafez. "Design of Actuation for Bistable Structures Using Smart Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 54 (September 2008): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.54.287.

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Several smart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMA) and electroactive polymers (EAP) have good properties in small scales and are often a good choice for tiny surface deflection applications. However they need continuous powering to keep their shape change, leading to a significant loss of energy. An interesting approach is to associate a smart material with a bistable element, which provides two stable positions without power. This action requires some energy to snap from one position to the other one. This association gives a very power-efficient solution. In this paper, we present a mechanical study on the actuation of a bistable structure, using a distributed torque actuation that is very suitable for smart materials. We provide an approach to optimize the actuation location, this allow to use less powerful and more compact actuators.

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Phoenix, Austin A., and Pablo A. Tarazaga. "Thermal morphing anisogrid smart space structures: Part 1. Introduction, modeling, and performance of the novel smart structural application." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 13 (June 20, 2017): 2853–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317715545.

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To meet the requirements for the next generation of space missions, a paradigm shift is required from current structures that are static, heavy, and stiff to innovative structures that are adaptive, lightweight, versatile, and intelligent. The largest benefit provided by this new structural concept is in the ability to deliver high precision position stability. The conventional high precision structural design uses two decoupled systems to achieve positional stability. First, a high mass structure delivers the effectively infinite stiffness and thermal stability so that no deformations occur under all operational loading conditions. Second, to meet the morphing and on-orbit positional requirements, supplementary mechanisms provide the nano, micro, and macro displacement control required. This paper proposes the use of a novel morphing structure, the thermally actuated anisogrid morphing boom, to meet the design requirements through actively morphing the primary structure in order to adapt to the on-orbit environment and meet both requirements in a consolidated structure. The proposed concept achieves the morphing control through the use of thermal strain to actuate the individual helical members in the anisogrid structure. Properly controlling the temperatures of multiple helical members can introduce six degree of freedom morphing control. This system couples the use of low coefficient of thermal expansion materials with precise thermal control to provide the high precision morphing capability. This concept has the potential to provide substantial mass reductions relative to current methods and meet the high precision displacement requirements of spacecraft systems. This paper will detail the concept itself, demonstrate the modeling procedure, and investigate the design space to quantify the potential of the thermally morphing anisogrid smart structure.

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Kim, Myung Hyun, Sung Won Kang, Jae Myung Lee, and Daniel J. Inman. "Simultaneous Health Monitoring and Vibration Control of Structures Using Smart Materials." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 2207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2207.

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Large welded structures, including ships and offshore structures, are normally in operation under cyclic fatigue loadings. These structures include many geometric as well as material discontinuities due to weld joints, and the fatigue strength at these hot spots is very important for the structural performance. In the past, various Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques have been developed to detect fatigue cracks and to estimate their location and size. However, an important limitation of most of the existing NDE methods is that they are off-line; the normal operation of the structure has to be interrupted and the device often has to be disassembled. In this study, a new impedance-based structural health monitoring system employing piezoceramic transducers is developed with a special interest in applying the technique for welded structural members in ship and offshore structures. In particular, the impedance-based structural health monitoring technique that employs the coupling effect of piezoceramic (PZT) materials and structures is investigated.

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Lin, Guo Min, and Yan Hua Li. "Study on Features and Application of Typical Smart Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.114.

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The working principle and structure of piezoelectronic material are studied. The relationship between piezoelectronic element signal and deformation are given. The microstruction and movement characteristics of magnetostrictive materials are alynazed. The performance, mechanical properties and applications of electro rheological fluids are researched. At last the future research focuses of smart material are prospected. Keywords: Smart materials; Piezoelectronic material; Magnetostrictive materials; Electro rheological materials

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Xie, Yun Fei, Chun Xiang Li, and Zhi Hui Li. "Smart Building Materials of BIM and RFID in LifeCycle Management of Steel Structure." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.736.

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With the development of economy, steel structure is more and more widely applied in China. With the deepening of sustainable development, the industrialization of construction become more and more hot in construction industry. Steel Structure is expected to be an important building material of industrialization. Obviously steel structure has been a main forms using in China. According to the characteristics of steel structure, smart material of BIM and RFID can be chosen as a new integration. This smart material can be used to solve the key technology of lifecycle management and information is shared, exchange with each other between participants during each stage.

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Chen, Zeng Tao, Hamid Akbarzadeh, and Hossein Babaei. "Thermopiezoelectric Response of a One-Dimensional Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Medium to a Moving Heat Source - A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 151 (January 2012): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.151.396.

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The multi-physics of piezoelectric materials under different environmental conditions has been an active research subject for a few decades. Particularly, the thermoelastic behaviour of smart materials and structures is of great importance to their reliability in different applications. Traditionally, the Fourier heat conduction theory was introduced in dealing with the thermoelastic reactions of smart materials and structures. This may lead to reasonable analyses and useful guidelines in design of smart structures, especially when no severe thermal gradient is involved. However, when a severe thermal gradient is indeed involved in the service environment of a smart structure, the analysing results based on the Fourier heat conduction theory is unrealistic and usually rendered useless. Non-Fourier heat conduction theories have been introduced in the thermoelastic analysis of smart materials and structures in recent years and resulted in reasonable results. In this paper, we review the recent results of a thermopiezoelectric problem of a one-dimensional (1-D), finite length, functionally graded medium excited by a moving heat source using both the Fourier and Non-Fourier heat conduction theories. Numerical examples are displayed to illustrate the effects of non-homogeneity index, length and thermal relaxation time on the results.

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Xu, Rui, DongXu Li, Jianping Jiang, and Jie Zou. "Decentralized adaptive fuzzy vibration control of smart gossamer space structure." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 12 (February 23, 2017): 1670–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16679023.

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Gossamer space structures technology have gained widely applications in space missions. However, the vibration problem is a great challenge which makes the technology complicated. The overall motivation of this work is to develop a vibration control system for gossamer space structures. In this study, a space membrane structure with piezoelectric stack actuators bracketed on its support frame is considered. First, the description of the smart space membrane structure and its dynamic model are presented. Then, a decentralized adaptive fuzzy control method is developed to control the structure vibration. Finally, experimental system is built up, and two vibration control experiment cases are carried out to verify the proposed control method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed control method is more effective than the fuzzy control method.

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Kim, Myung-Hyun. "Simultaneous Structural Health Monitoring and Vibration Control of Adaptive Structures Using Smart Materials." Shock and Vibration 9, no. 6 (2002): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/264158.

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The integration of actuators and sensors using smart materials enabled various applications including health monitoring and structural vibration control. In this study, a robust control technique is designed and implemented in order to reduce vibration of an active structure. Special attention is given to eliminating the possibility of interaction between the health monitoring system and the control system. Exploiting the disturbance decoupling characteristic of the sliding mode observer, it is demonstrated that the proposed observer can eliminate the possible high frequency excitation from the health monitoring system. At the same time, a damage identification scheme, which tracks the changes of mechanical impedance due to the presence of damage, has been applied to assess the health condition of structures. The main objective of this paper is to examine the potential of combining the two emerging techniques together. Using the collocated piezoelectric sensors/actuators for vibration suppression as well as for health monitoring, this technique enabled to reduce the number of system components, while enhancing the performance of structures. As an initial study, both simulation and experimental investigations were performed for an active beam structure. The results show that this integrated technique can provide substantial vibration reductions, while detecting damage on the structure at the same time.

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Bemanian, Mohammadreza, Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad, Ali Karam, and Sima Rezaei Ashtiani. "Architectural Application of Smart Materials for Non-Flexible Structures Made by Flexible Formworks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.132.

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Flexible formworks are dominantly used for concrete constructions. These constructions become rigid after curing and their form cannot be changed, also their color or translucency is stable during usage period; i.e. these constructions are not flexible. On the other hand, in order to satisfy new architectural requirements the necessity of flexibility and smartness is undeniable for the construction.The questions of this paper are: How smartness can be added to rigid structures? What are the roles of nano-flexible formworks to turn non-flexible structures into flexible ones? To answer the research questions, descriptive - analytical research method has been adopted and empirical data gathered to feed inference mechanism. Our investigation shows that if the flexible formwork has been made by smart materials which are changeable in nano-scale, and the formwork is left on the structure even after curing, it would act as a nano-flexible skin for the structure and would satisfy some architectural requirements in nano-scale.

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Municoy, Sofia, María I. Álvarez Echazú, Pablo E. Antezana, Juan M. Galdopórpora, Christian Olivetti, Andrea M. Mebert, María L. Foglia, et al. "Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13 (July 2, 2020): 4724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134724.

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Smart or stimuli-responsive materials are an emerging class of materials used for tissue engineering and drug delivery. A variety of stimuli (including temperature, pH, redox-state, light, and magnet fields) are being investigated for their potential to change a material’s properties, interactions, structure, and/or dimensions. The specificity of stimuli response, and ability to respond to endogenous cues inherently present in living systems provide possibilities to develop novel tissue engineering and drug delivery strategies (for example materials composed of stimuli responsive polymers that self-assemble or undergo phase transitions or morphology transformations). Herein, smart materials as controlled drug release vehicles for tissue engineering are described, highlighting their potential for the delivery of precise quantities of drugs at specific locations and times promoting the controlled repair or remodeling of tissues.

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Elliott, Stephen J., and Christopher A. Shera. "The cochlea as a smart structure." Smart Materials and Structures 21, no. 6 (May 30, 2012): 064001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/21/6/064001.

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Lu, Xubin, Yee Yan Lim, and Chee Kiong Soh. "A novel electromechanical impedance–based model for strength development monitoring of cementitious materials." Structural Health Monitoring 17, no. 4 (August 15, 2017): 902–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921717725028.

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Strength monitoring of early age concrete improves the efficiency of construction as it provides information on the optimum time for shoring removal and pre-stress transferring. Electromechanical impedance technique has been proven to be a useful tool for strength monitoring of cementitious materials. One of the key limitations of this technique is the lack of physical models, which resulted in strong reliance on statistical analysis tools to quantify the strength of structure being monitored. In this proof-of-concept study, a novel electromechanical impedance–based model with the potential of monitoring the strength of cementitious materials using the concept of Smart Probe is proposed. Instead of directly bonding a lead zirconate titanate patch on the host structure, a lead zirconate titanate was first surface-bonded on a pre-fabricated aluminum beam, which is termed Smart Probe. The Smart Probe was then partially embedded into cementitious materials for strength monitoring. The structural resonant frequencies of the Smart Probe can be identified from the conductance signatures measured from the lead zirconate titanate patch throughout the curing process and serve as strength indicator. By modeling the cementitious material as an elastic foundation supporting the Smart Probe, an analytical model was developed to predict the dynamic modulus of elasticity of cementitious materials based on the resonance frequency of the Smart Probe. Experimental study was carried out on a mortar slab specimen to verify the model and to investigate the performance of the Smart Probe. It was found that the dynamic modulus of elasticity of the host structure could be predicted from the conductance signatures using the proposed model. Compressive strength assessment was achieved by establishing an empirical relation with the dynamic modulus. The proposed electromechanical impedance–based model with Smart Probe is physically parametric in nature and shows high repeatability, which renders its superiority over the conventional statistical method–based electromechanical impedance technique for strength monitoring of cementitious materials.

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Kirihara, Soshu, Naoki Komori, and Noritoshi Ohta. "Smart Processing for Ceramics Structure Tectonics: Fabrication of Dielectric Micro Patterns for Artificial Photosynthesis in Terahertz Wave Regions by Using Stereolithography." Advances in Science and Technology 63 (October 2010): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.63.141.

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Smart processing for ceramics structure tectonics is new strategy of science and engineering to create novel functional materials with special patterns and morphologies. In this lecture, various investigations to develop the functionally structured materials by using smart processes of stereo- lithography will be introduced. For example, photonic crystals with periodic arrangements in dielectric constants are strong candidates of artificial functional materials to control electromagnetic wave energies effectively. Special modifications of dielectric micro patterns to harmonize electromagnetic waves in terahertz frequency ranges with molecule vibrations of various biochemical solutions will be introduced as investigative results of artificial photosynthesis.

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Ramly, Ramzyzan, Wahyu Kuntjoro, and Mohd Kamil Abd Rahman. "Using Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensors in Smart Aircraft Structure Materials." Procedia Engineering 41 (2012): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.218.

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Fei, Juntao, Yunmei Fang, and Chunyan Yan. "The Comparative Study of Vibration Control of Flexible Structure Using Smart Materials." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/768256.

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Considerable attention has been devoted to active vibration control using intelligent materials as PZT actuators. This paper presents results on active control schemes for vibration suppression of flexible steel cantilever beam with bonded piezoelectric actuators. The PZT patches are surface bonded near the fixed end of flexible steel cantilever beam. The dynamic model of the flexible steel cantilever beam is derived. Active vibration control methods: optimal PID control, strain rate feedback control (SRF), and positive position feedback control (PPF) are investigated and implemented using xPC Target real-time system. Experimental results demonstrate that the SRF and PPF controls have better performance in suppressing the vibration of cantilever steel beam than the optimal PID control.

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Hu, Qinglei, and Guangfu Ma. "Spacecraft Vibration Suppression Using Variable Structure Output Feedback Control and Smart Materials." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 128, no. 2 (November 3, 2005): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2159039.

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A hybrid control scheme for vibration reduction of flexible spacecraft during rotational maneuvers is investigated by using variable structure output feedback control (VSOFC) for attitude control and smart materials for active vibration suppression. The proposed control design process is twofold: design of the attitude controller using VSOFC theory acting on the hub and design of an independent flexible vibration controller acting on the flexible part using piezoceramics as sensors and actuators to actively suppress certain flexible modes. The attitude controller, using only the attitude and angular rate measurement, consists of a linear feedback term and a discontinuous feedback term, which are designed so that the sliding surface exists and is globally reachable. With the presence of this attitude controller, an additional independent flexible control system acting on the flexible parts is designed for further vibration suppression. Using the piezoelectric materials as actuator/sensor, both single-mode vibration suppression and multimode vibration suppression are studied and compared for the different active vibration control algorithms, constant-gain negative velocity feedback (CGNVF) control, positive position feedback (PPF) control, and linear-quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed approach can significantly reduce the vibration of the flexible appendages and further greatly improve the precision during and after the maneuver operations.

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Sharma, Saurav, Anuruddh Kumar, Rajeev Kumar, Mohammad Talha, and Rahul Vaish. "Active vibration control of smart structure using poling tuned piezoelectric material." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 10 (May 5, 2020): 1298–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20917456.

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In this article, active vibration control of a piezo laminated smart structure is presented using poling tuned piezoelectric material. To improve the performance of existing materials and utilize the actuation potential of different modes of operation ( d31, d33, and d15), simultaneously, the poling direction of the piezoelectric materials is altered and an optimum poling direction is found. Poling tuned piezoelectric patches at the top and bottom layers of the structure are mounted which act as sensors and actuators, respectively. The computational technique used for calculating the time history of the structure is a finite element method. A fuzzy logic controller is developed to compute the appropriate actuator signal as output while taking sensor voltage and its derivative as input. The controlled response due to this fuzzy logic controller is calculated for different piezoelectric materials under consideration and the performance of these materials in active vibration control is compared. Influence of poling angle on the controlled response of the structure is scrutinized and is found to vary from material to material. A large enhancement due to poling tuning is seen in the properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.35PbTiO3 (PMN-0.35PT), whereas other materials show very less improvement or even decay in the properties.

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Abdelaziz, Lebied, Necib Brahim, and Sahli Mohamed Lakhdar. "Modeling and simulation of a deformed smart structure using piezoelectric patch." World Journal of Engineering 14, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2016-0053.

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Purpose Safety improvement and cost reduction have a strong influence on the way to achieve maintenance operations of complex structures, in particular in air transportation, in civil engineering and others. In this case, piezoelectric ceramics such as sensors and actuators have been used. The advantages of piezoelectric materials include high achievable bandwidth, reliability, compactness, lightness and ease of implementation, thus making them well-suited to be used as actuators and sensors in the case of onboard structures. In this context, this study based around the examination of health and deformation of smart structures, taking into consideration the mechanical and piezoelectric behaviour of sensors and actuators, mechanical contact as well as the initial conditions and the imposed boundary conditions. This paper aims to present an approach for modeling of an intelligent structure by the finite element method. This structure is of aluminum type beam with elastic behaviur where piezoelectric rectangular pellets discreetly spread on the surface of the beam are instrumented. The numerical results were computed and compared to the experimental tests available in the literature and the results show the effectiveness of these piezoelectric (PZT) elements, depending on their positions, and to control the deformed structure, good agreement has been found between the experimental data and numerical predictions. Design/methodology/approach Numerical modeling by finite elements model for the measurement of the deformation and the change in shape of a clamped-free structure composed of both elastic and piezoelectric materials have been given by using the Ansys® software. The numerical results were valid by comparisons with analytical and experimental results find in the literature. Findings The numerical results showing a good correlation and agree very well. It was also concluded that the actuator and the sensor will be better placed at the housing because it is the position or the actuator that has the greatest impact and where the sensor gives the greatest signal. They are said to be co-located as glues one below the other on either side of the beam. Originality/value These materials have an inverse piezoelectric effect allowing them to control the form and present any noise or vibration at any time or position on the structure. The study presented in this paper targets the modeling of a PZT beam device for deform generation by transforming electrical energy into usable load. In this paper, a unimorph piezoelectric cantilever with traditional geometry is investigated for micromanipulation by using the software Ansys®.

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Oh, Se Young, and Tae Jin Kang. "Preparation and characterization of electro-responsive core-sheath fiber mats for smart materials." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 9 (November 13, 2016): 1142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516646053.

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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated with inorganic materials were spun with polyethylene terephthalate with a core-sheath structure using co-axial electrospinning technique. The effect of electrorheological (ER) particle content on the morphology, rheological and mechanical properties has been studied. It has been shown that ER particles were homogeneously distributed throughout the core part of the fibers with the core-sheath structure. It has been uniformly fabricated by controlling the viscosity and conductivity of ER fluids as well as the applied voltage, feeding rate of the electrospinning systems. The tensile test results with fiber mats showed that the modulus and tensile strength of the fiber mats is enhanced with lower breaking elongation because of the instant increase of viscosity and yield stress of ER fluid in the core part under the external applied electric field. Fiber mats with ER fluids in the core of the fiber may find potential applications in the area of adaptive textile structures.

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Fu, Yanjun, Kejian Chen, Shihao Li, Xiaofan Zhang, and Yao Wei. "The concealed intelligent switch based on 4D printed shape-memory polymers." Functional Materials Letters 13, no. 05 (July 2020): 2051029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604720510297.

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Concealed intelligent switches have significant potential for use in security and encryption applications. Recently, several four-dimensional (4D) printed intelligent devices have been designed and fabricated using 3D printing technologies and intelligent materials. These devices have demonstrated stupendous capabilities in smart switches and actuators. In this study, a concealable smart switch that combines a double spiral structure and smart materials is proposed. To achieve the desired performances, the fixity ratio is optimized to values more than 88% by comparing selected structures printed with common shape-memory materials. Furthermore, applications for non-contact circumstances without any control electric circuits (for example, hidden water valves) are also proposed. Results demonstrate that the outputs of the intelligent switches are related to their different input conditions, and the implementation rules can be further used as black box rules for security and encryption applications. Thus, intelligent devices manufactured using 4D printed shape-memory polymers can be applied in various fields such as in intelligent actuators and soft robots.

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De-sheng, Jiang, Liang Lei, and Zhou Xue-fang. "The compatibility in optic fiber smart concrete and structure." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 18, no. 1 (March 2003): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02835098.

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Coricciati, Angela, Paolo Corvaglia, Alessandro Largo, and Michele Arturo Caponero. "Smart Composite Device for Structural Health Monitoring." Advances in Science and Technology 83 (September 2012): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.83.138.

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Composite materials are increasingly used in civil field for structural strengthening. Besides, monitoring the structure during its lifetime is very important, in order to detect possible anomalous situations and to reduce maintenance and inspection costs. Optical fibers represent a promising and increasingly used technique for long-term health monitoring of structures. The aim of this research is to assess the feasibility and reliability of strain measurements by utilizing FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) optical sensors embedded in FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) packaging. The resulting device is conceived to be applied on the external surface of the structure. The packaging provides the optical fiber with the necessary protection against accidental damage during handling and installation. The mechanical characteristics of the packaging allow the device to be used as a sensorised reinforcement as well. The paper discusses the technology set-up, the physical and the mechanical characterization of the developed smart device.

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Gheorghe, Gheorghe Ion, Vasile Bratu, and Octavian G. Donţu. "Adaptronics - an Intelligent Science Adaptive to Advanced Systemes/Micro-Nanosystems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 332 (July 2013): 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.332.471.

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The newly invented word << ADAPTRONICS >> describes essentially technical and technological fields internationally known as intelligent systems, smart structures and smart materials, smart processes, describes how easy is it to build adaptive systems and structures, with the objective of reduction of material, technological and energy for implementation and operation to an absolute minimum, describes different scenarios for such applications focused on trying to simulate "vital functions", and the ability of biological systems to recognize and automatically correct the dysfunctions of their their structure, characteristic desired in technical systems and structures, particularly in areas where safety is essential (eg aircraft, civil structures, etc.), describes "scientific pillars" of the disciplines involved and important components of future structures and systems etc.

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Zhang, Ting, and Hongguang Li. "Adaptive modal vibration control for smart flexible beam with two piezoelectric actuators by multivariable self-tuning control." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 7-8 (January 6, 2020): 490–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319889842.

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It has been popular for decades that the vibrations of space structures are suppressed with smart actuators. However, the higher mode vibrations are often motivated when a control strategy is applied to attenuate the vibration for the smart structures. Moreover, if the multi-mode vibration of a smart structure is suppressed with multi-actuators, a proper multivariable control law will be adopted to solve the coupling problem caused by the multi-actuators of the smart structure. Therefore, in the paper, a decoupling technique for two modal vibrations of a smart flexible beam with two piezoelectric patches is adopted by adaptive control. The proposed control law is designed with a multivariable minimum variance self-tuning control. Considering the first two orders of modal vibrations, two piezoelectric patches are configured on the flexible beam according to the strain of the first two orders of modal vibrations along the longitudinal direction of the beam. A dynamical model for the flexible beam with two piezoelectric actuators is constructed by the mode superposition method. With the dynamical model, simulations are implemented to suppress the free vibration of the flexible beam. Moreover, experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the multivariable minimum variance self-tuning control for vibration suppression of the flexible structure. The control results clearly show that the free vibration amplitude of the cantilevered beam with two control voltages applied to the two piezoelectric patches is less than that with one control voltage applied to the first piezoelectric actuator. Thus, multivariable minimum variance self-tuning control is a more efficient approach for suppressing multimodal vibration for a smart flexible beam with two piezoelectric actuators compared with the conventional velocity feedback control.

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Chaudhari, Abhijeet K., and Jin-Chong Tan. "Mechanochromic MOF nanoplates: spatial molecular isolation of light-emitting guests in a sodalite framework structure." Nanoscale 10, no. 8 (2018): 3953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr09730a.

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Anjanappa, M., and J. Bi. "Magnetostrictive mini actuators for smart structure applications." Smart Materials and Structures 3, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/3/4/001.

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Jebellat, Ehsan, Majid Baniassadi, Alireza Moshki, Kui Wang, and Mostafa Baghani. "Numerical investigation of smart auxetic three-dimensional meta-structures based on shape memory polymers via topology optimization." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 15 (July 2, 2020): 1838–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20935569.

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Today, the human being endeavors to manufacture devices and materials capable of doing something in an intelligent way. Shape memory polymers are a series of smart materials, capable of retrieving their original shape from a temporary form by applying external stimuli, for example, heat, electricity, magnetism, light, pH, and humidity. In this research, the behavior of temperature-sensitive shape memory polymer–based structures with positive and negative Poisson’s ratio has been analyzed. The purpose is the material design of smart structures with tunable Poisson’s ratio using topology optimization. In this study, a meta-structure is designed, which is made by a smart material. Not only does this structure have shape memory effects, but also it has negative Poisson’s ratio, which can be used in new sensors, actuators, and biomedical applications. After creation of the unit cell and the representative volume element and formation of final three-dimensional structure, finite element modeling is conducted based on a thermo-visco-hyperelastic constitutive model at large deformations. Examining the behavior of structures in tensile pre-strains of 20%, 10%, and 5%, it is observed that pre-strain has no considerable effect on Poisson’s ratio, but under compressive strain of 20%, it is concluded that the type of loading is effective on Poisson’s ratio and the results are different in tension and compression modes. Finally, the influence of temperature rate on the behavior of structures is inspected, and it is concluded that the more slowly the temperature changes, the more strain or shape recovery is accomplished at a specific temperature.

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Nath, Amar, and P. P. Pande. "Polyacrylamide Based Polymers: Smart Materials Used in Wastewater Treatment." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2531.

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Now-a-days synthetic polyelectrolytes are frequently used by the industries in the treatment of industrial effluents. Such materials have a variety of properties such as easily changeable structure as per the specific requirement, higher purity, highstability and have more efficiency than the natural polymers. These polymers do not add any solid residue in the sludge, exhibit no change in the physico-chemical properties of the treated water and therefore this water may be recycled. Polyacrylamide is a synthetic polyelectrolyte which is hydrophilic in nature and insoluble in organic solvents. It has very high affinity towards the suspended particles present in water. Therefore, polyacrylamide based polymers are highly effective for the flocculation of suspended contaminated particle present in the effluents. Polyacrylamide is very important polymer for wastewater treatment which enhances the flocculation potential by modification of its nature into non-ionic, anionic and cationic forms.

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Sharma, Anshul, C. K. Susheel, Rajeev Kumar, and V. S. Chauhan. "Active Control of Thermally Induced Vibrations in Smart Structure Instrumented with Piezoelectric Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 612 (August 2014): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.612.169.

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In this paper, a finite element model of piezolaminated composite shell structure is developed using nine-noded degenerated shell element. The stiffness, mass and thermo-electro-mechanical coupling effect is incorporated in finite element modeling using first order shear deformation theory and linear piezoelectric theory. The sensor voltage is calculated using the same formulation and fuzzy logic controller is used to calculate the actuator voltage. The fuzzy logic controller is designed as double input-single output (DISO) system using 49 If-Then rules. The performance of fuzzy logic controller is compared with convention constant-gain negative feedback controller. The simulation results illustrate the superiority of fuzzy logic controller over constant-gain negative feedback controller.

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Chidambaram, Kannan, and Tamilporai Packirisamy. "Smart ceramic materials for homogeneous combustion in internal combustion engines: A review." Thermal Science 13, no. 3 (2009): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0903153c.

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The advantages of using ceramics in advanced heat engines include increased fuel efficiency due to higher engine operating temperatures, more compact designs with lower capacity cooling system. Future internal combustion engines will be characterized by near zero emission level along with low specific fuel consumption. Homogenous combustion which realized inside the engine cylinder has the potential of providing near zero emission level with better fuel economy. However, the accomplishment of homogeneous combustion depends on the air flow structure inside the combustion chamber, fuel injection conditions and turbulence as well as ignition conditions. Various methods and procedures are being adopted to establish the homogeneous combustion inside the engine cylinder. In recent days, porous ceramic materials are being introduced inside the combustion chamber to achieve the homogeneous combustion. This paper investigates the desirable structures, types, and properties of such porous ceramic materials and their positive influence on the combustion process.

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Kang, In Pil, Mark J. Schulz, Jong Won Lee, Gyeong Rak Choi, Joo Yung Jung, Jae Boong Choi, and Sung Ho Hwang. "A Carbon Nanotube Smart Material for Structural Health Monitoring." Solid State Phenomena 120 (February 2007): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.120.289.

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This study introduces a nano smart material to develop a novel sensor for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of mechanical and civil systems. Mechanical, civil, and environmental systems need to become self-sensing and intelligent to preserve their integrity, optimize their performance, and provide continuous safety for the users and operators. Present smart materials and structures have fundamental limitations in their sensitivity, size, cost, ruggedness, and weight. Smart materials developed using nanotechnology have the potential to improve the way we generate and measure motion in devices from the nano to the macro scale in size. Among several possible smart nanoscale materials, Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) have aroused great interest in the research community because of their remarkable mechanical, electrochemical, piezoresistive, and other physical properties. To address the need for new intelligent sensing based on CNT, this study presents piezoresistivity and electrochemical properties and preliminary experiments that can be applied for SHM. This study is anticipated to develop a new multifunctional sensor which can simultaneously monitor strain, stress and corrosion on a structure with a simple electric circuit.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Smart materials Structure'

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