Relevant bibliographies by topics / SMC Method

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'SMC Method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "SMC Method"

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Guo, Yanjun, Terri Starman, and Charles Hall. "Growth, Quality, and Economic Value Responses of Bedding Plants to Reduced Water Usage." HortScience 54, no. 5 (2019): 856–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13793-18.

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This study analyzed the effects of two ranges of drying down of substrate moisture content (SMC) before re-watering on plant growth and development, postproduction quality, and economic value of bedding plants grown in 1.67-L containers during greenhouse production. The two SMC treatments were wide-range (WR) SMC (WR-SMC) for dry-down from container capacity (CC) of 54% SMC dried down to 20% SMC or narrow-range (NR) SMC (NR-SMC) for dry-down from CC of 54% SMC dried down to 40% SMC. Six bedding plant cultivars were used [Solenostemon scutellarioides ‘French Quarter’ (coleus); Petunia ×hybrida ‘Colorworks Pink Radiance’ (petunia); Lantana camara ‘Lucky Flame’ (lantana); Impatiens ×hybrida ‘Sunpatiens Compact Hot Coral’ (SCC); ‘Sunpatiens Spreading Lavender’ (SSL) (impatiens); and Salvia splendens ‘Red Hot Sally II’ (salvia)]. Shoot dry weight was reduced with WR-SMC on petunia, lantana, impatiens SCC, and salvia at the end of production. With WR-SMC, the petunia and impatiens SCC root ball coverage percentages were greater on the bottom of the container, whereas those of impatiens SSL and salvia were reduced. The WR-SMC increased petunia postproduction quality by increasing the flower number. Lantana and impatiens SCC inflorescence/flower and/or bud number were reduced with WR-SMC. The impatiens SSL flower number was unaffected by SMC treatment. Salvia grown with WR-SMC had increased postproduction quality. WR-SMC reduced postproduction water potential in petunia, lantana, and coleus, suggesting that plants with WR-SMC during production were acclimated to reduced irrigation administered during postproduction. WR-SMC saved labor due to less frequent watering and overhead-associated costs due to reduced bench space, with the exception of coleus and impatiens SSL, which used the same bench space as NR-SMC. Considering production and/or postproduction quality, using WR-SMC during greenhouse production is beneficial as an irrigation method for coleus, petunia, impatiens SSL, and salvia, but not for impatiens SCC or lantana grown in 1.67-L containers.
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Wang, Liangliang, Shijia Wang, and Alexandre Bouchard-Côté. "An Annealed Sequential Monte Carlo Method for Bayesian Phylogenetics." Systematic Biology 69, no. 1 (2019): 155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz028.

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Abstract We describe an “embarrassingly parallel” method for Bayesian phylogenetic inference, annealed Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC), based on recent advances in the SMC literature such as adaptive determination of annealing parameters. The algorithm provides an approximate posterior distribution over trees and evolutionary parameters as well as an unbiased estimator for the marginal likelihood. This unbiasedness property can be used for the purpose of testing the correctness of posterior simulation software. We evaluate the performance of phylogenetic annealed SMC by reviewing and comparing with other computational Bayesian phylogenetic methods, in particular, different marginal likelihood estimation methods. Unlike previous SMC methods in phylogenetics, our annealed method can utilize standard Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) tree moves and hence benefit from the large inventory of such moves available in the literature. Consequently, the annealed SMC method should be relatively easy to incorporate into existing phylogenetic software packages based on MCMC algorithms. We illustrate our method using simulation studies and real data analysis.
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Abbasi, Saad Jamshed, Won Jae Kim, Jaehyung Kim, Min Cheol Lee, Byeong Ju Lee, and Myung Jun Shin. "Robust Control Design of a Human Heart Rate System for Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise." Electronics 11, no. 24 (2022): 4081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244081.

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Automatic, precise, and accurate heart rate control during treadmill exercise is an interesting topic among researchers. The human heart is a highly nonlinear system. Conventional control techniques are not sufficient and it is difficult to accurately model the human heart. Two different robust controllers were designed for this nonlinear system. Firstly, sliding mode control (SMC) was implemented; SMC is robust against parametric uncertainties and external disturbance but its robustness is not guaranteed during the reaching phase, especially in heart rate control, and implementation of SMC requires the linear parameters of the system (human heart rate model). In this research, the signal compression method (SCM) was used for approximately linearized modeling of the human heart rate. The extraction of the human heart rate model using SCM requires experiment and computation. Furthermore, it was observed in this research that SCM is not a precise method. Therefore, integral sliding mode control (ISMC) was designed and implemented to overcome these difficulties. By introducing an auxiliary sliding surface, the reaching phase and effect of the perturbation on an actual sliding surface were eliminated; furthermore, implementation of ISMC does not require the linear parameters of the system. Simulations were performed in MATLAB/Simulink and experiments were conducted in a hospital. Six clinical subjects participated in this experiment. Both forms of control logic were implemented during the desired heart rate tracking test. Results showed that the desired heart rate tracking of ISMC is better than that of SMC. The tracking error of ISMC is smaller than that of SMC. However, ISMC control output has chattering, which needs to be reduced.
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Xing, Minfeng, Lin Chen, Jinfei Wang, Jiali Shang, and Xiaodong Huang. "Soil Moisture Retrieval Using SAR Backscattering Ratio Method during the Crop Growing Season." Remote Sensing 14, no. 13 (2022): 3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14133210.

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Soil moisture content (SMC) is an indispensable basic element for crop growth and development in agricultural production. Obtaining accurate information on SMC in real time over large agricultural areas has important guiding significance for crop yield estimation and production management. In this study, the paper reports on the retrieval of SMC from RADARSAT-2 polarimetric SAR data. The proposed SMC retrieval algorithm includes vegetation correction based on a ratio method and roughness correction based on the optimal roughness method. Three vegetation description parameters (i.e., RVI, LAI, and NDVI) serve as vegetation descriptors in the parameterization of the algorithm. To testify the vegetation correction result of the algorithm, the water cloud model (WCM) was compared with the algorithm. The calibrated integrated equation model (CIEM) was employed to describe the backscattering from the underlying soil. To improve the accuracy of SMC retrieval, the CIEM model was optimized by using the optimal roughness parameter and the normalization method of reference incidence angle. Validation against ground measurements showed a high correlation between the measured and estimated SMC when the NDVI serves as vegetation descriptor (R2 = 0.68, RMSE = 4.15 vol.%, p < 0.01). The overall estimation performance of the proposed SMC retrieval algorithm is better than that of the WCM. It demonstrates that the proposed algorithm has an operational potential to estimate SMC over wheat fields during the growing season.
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Pošković, Emir, Fausto Franchini, Luca Ferraris, Federico Carosio, and Marco Actis Grande. "Rapid Characterization Method for SMC Materials for a Preliminary Selection." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (2021): 12133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112412133.

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In electrical machines, laminated steels are commonly adopted as soft magnetic materials, while for permanent magnets, sintered ferrites and NdFeB are the most common solutions. On the other hand, the growing demand for volume reduction with the increment of efficiency leads to the necessity of exploring other magnetic materials able to face the challenge better than the traditional ones. Bonded magnets have been used to replace sintered magnets, obtaining a better use of space and particular magnetic properties. Instead, for the magnetic circuit, Soft Magnetic Composites (SMC) allow realizing very complex magnetic design (3D path for flux) with iron loss reduction at medium-high frequencies, especially for the eddy currents loss contribution. On the other hand, SMC materials have such drawbacks as low mechanical properties and high hysteresis losses. For this reason, in this work, different studies considering several variables have been carried out. SMCs were produced through a moulding process; inorganic and organic layers to cover ferromagnetic particles were used, adopting different coating processes. Particular tests have been performed for a quicker and more indicative overview of the materials obtained. The single sheet tester (SST) is easier than traditional toroidal methods; on the other hand, the multiplicity of variables affects the SMC materials and their process. For this reason, coercivity and conductibility tests permit rapid measurement and provide a direct classification of the produced SMCs, providing the main information needed to select suitable materials. Results highlighted that choosing the more appropriate SMC material is possible after using these simple preliminary tests. After these tests, it was possible to argue that with 0.2 wt% of phenolic resin as the organic layer (and compaction pressure of 800 MPa), it is possible to produce a good SMC. On the other hand, the SMC with 0.2 wt% of epoxy resin (and compaction pressure of 800 MPa) gives a minor coercivity value. Additionally, despite the SMC with the inorganic layer, 0.2 wt% of nano-ferrites showing the best coercivity values (specifically for vacuum treatment at 600 °C), their resistivity was unsatisfactory.
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Kolesnikov, A. A., and A. A. Kuz’menko. "Sliding Mode Control Laws Design by the ADAR Method with Subsequent Invariant Manifolds Aggregation." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 20, no. 8 (2019): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.20.451-460.

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Sliding mode control (SMC) laws are commonly used in engineering to make a system robust to parameters change, external disturbances and control object unmodeled dynamics. State-of-the-art capabilities of the theory of adaptive and robust control, the theory of fuzzy systems, artificial neural networks, etc., which are combined with SMC, couldn’t resolve current issues of SMC design: vector design and stability analysis of a closed-loop system with SMC are involved with considerable complexity. Generally the classical problem of SMC design consists in solving subtasks for transit an object from an arbitrary initial position onto the sliding surface while providing conditions for existence of a sliding mode at any point of the sliding surface as well as ensuring stable movement to the desired state. As a general rule these subtasks are solved separately. This article presents a methodology for SMC design based on successive aggregation of invariant manifolds by the procedure of method of Analytical Design of Aggregated Regulators (ADAR) from the synergetic control theory. The methodology allows design of robust control laws and simultaneous solution of classical subtasks of SMC design for nonlinear objects. It also simplifies the procedure for closed-loop system stability analyze: the stability conditions are made up of stability criterions for ADAR method functional equations and the stability criterions for the final decomposed system which dimension is substantially less than dimension of the initial system. Despite our paper presents only the scalar SMC design procedure in details, the ideas are also valid for vector design procedure: the main difference is in the number of invariant manifolds introduced at the first and following stages of the design procedure. The methodology is illustrated with design procedure examples for nonlinear engineering systems demonstrating the achievement of control goals: hitting to target invariants, insensitivity to emerging parametric and external disturbances.
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Li, Zhi, Bo You, Liang Ding, Haibo Gao, and Fengxiang Huang. "Trajectory Tracking Control for WMRs with the Time-Varying Longitudinal Slippage Based on a New Adaptive SMC Method." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (August 20, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4951538.

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Wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) in real complex environments such as on extraterrestrial planets are confronted with uncertain external disturbances and strong coupling of wheel-ground interactions while tracking commanded trajectories. Methods based on sliding mode control (SMC) are popular approaches for these situations. Traditional SMC has some potential problems, such as slow convergence, poor robustness, and excessive output chattering. In this paper, a kinematic-based feed-forward control model is designed for WMRs with longitudinal slippage and applied to the closed-loop control system for active compensation of time-varying slip rates. And a new adaptive SMC method is proposed to guide a WMR in trajectory tracking missions based on the kinematic model of a general WMR. This method combines the adaptive control method and a fast double-power reaching law with the SMC method. A complete control loop with active slip compensation and adaptive SMC is thus established. Simulation results show that the proposed method can greatly suppress chattering and improve the robustness of trajectory tracking. The feasibility of the proposed method in the real world is demonstrated by experiments with a skid-steered WMR on the loose-soil terrain.
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Doğan, Mustafa, and Ümit Önen. "TRAJECTORY TRACKING CONTROL OF A TWO WHEELED SELF-BALANCING ROBOT BY USING SLIDING MODE CONTROL." Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences 12, no. 3 (2024): 652–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1425949.

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Two-Wheeled Self-Balancing Robots are widely used in various fields today. These systems have a highly unstable nature due to their underactuated structures. On the other hand, parameter uncertainties and external disturbances significantly affect their control performance. The best way to deal with parameter uncertainties that can easily lead controllers to instability is to use robust control methods. Dealing with these uncertainties is particularly crucial in control of underactuated and unstable systems such as Two-Wheeled Self-Balancing Robots. In this study, trajectory tracking control of a two wheeled self-balancing robot by using Sliding Mode Control (SMC) was realized. The chattering problem inherent in the SMC method was eliminated by employing tangent hyperbolic (tanh) switching function instead of signum function. The performance of the SMC controller has been examined under five different cases including external disturbance and various parameter uncertainties and compared with PID and LQR methods. The results showed that the SMC method is much more insensitive to parameter changes than the PID and LQR methods. It has also been observed that all three controllers maintain their stability against disturbance inputs, but the SMC method offers a better control performance.
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Li, Zeyu, Weidong Liu, Le Li, Wenbo Zhang, and Liwei Guo. "Path following method for AUV based on Q-Learning and RBF neural network." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 39, no. 3 (2021): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20213930477.

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In the underwater docking process, the oscillation on AUV velocity brings extra challenge on AUV path following. A Q-learning based Sliding Mode Control (SMC) method to increase the path following performances is proposed. Firstly, AUV guidance law is designed to reduce the path following error. Heading and depth sliding mode controllers are designed to track the guidance law. Then, according to AUV velocity, tracking error and the first derivative, the control parameters of SMC are optimized via Q-learning network. RBF neural network is built to accelerate the offline learning rate. Finally, numerical simulations are made to investigate the characteristics of the present method. Comparisons are made between the trained Q-learning based SMC and the traditional SMC. The results show the effectiveness of the present method.
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Farhat, Maissa, and Oscar Barambones. "Advanced Control Scheme Optimization for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems." Computation 12, no. 11 (2024): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation12110224.

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This study introduces a novel method for controlling an autonomous photovoltaic pumping system by integrating a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control scheme with variable structure Sliding Mode Control (SMC) alongside Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithms. The stability of the proposed SMC method is rigorously analyzed using Lyapunov’s theory. Through simulation-based comparisons, the efficacy of the SMC controller is demonstrated against traditional P&O methods. Additionally, the SMC-based system is experimentally implemented in real time using dSPACE DSP1104, showcasing its robustness in the presence of internal and external disturbances. Robustness tests reveal that the SMC controller effectively tracks Maximum Power Points (MMPs) despite significant variations in load and solar irradiation, maintaining optimal performance even under challenging conditions. The results indicate that the SMC system can achieve up to a 70% increase in water flow rates compared with systems without MPPT controllers. Furthermore, SMC demonstrated high sensitivity to sudden changes in environmental conditions, ensuring efficient power extraction from the photovoltaic panels. This study highlights the advantages of integrating SMC into Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems (PV-WPSs), providing enhanced control capabilities and optimizing system performance. The findings contribute to the development of sustainable water supply solutions, particularly in remote areas with limited access to the electrical grid.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SMC Method"

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GONZATO, LUCA. "Application of Sequential Monte Carlo Methods to Dynamic Asset Pricing Models." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/295144.

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In questa tesi si considera l’applicazione di metodi Monte Carlo sequenziali per modelli di asset pricing di tipo dinamico. Il primo capitolo della tesi presenta una panoramica generale sui metodi Monte Carlo sequenziali. Nello specifico, partendo da metodi Monte Carlo standard si giunge fino allo stato dell’arte per quanto riguarda i metodi Monte Carlo sequenziali. Il secondo capitolo costituisce una review della letteratura sui metodi di simulazione esatta per processi di Hawkes. Dall’analisi svolta si evince che lo schema proposto da Dassios e Zaho (2013) performa meglio degli altri algoritmi, incluso il più noto metodo “thinning” proposto da Ogata (1981). Questo capitolo serve inoltre come introduzione ai processi di salto di tipo auto eccitante, che saranno oggetto di studio del Capitolo 3. Nel terzo capitolo, quindi, viene proposto un nuovo modello diffusivo con salti auto eccitati per descrivere la dinamica del prezzo del petrolio. Il modello viene stimato implementando una recente metodologia di tipo Monte Carlo sequenziale utilizzando dati spot e futures. Dalla stima viene confermata la presenza di salti auto eccitati nel mercato del petrolio; questo conduce ad un migliore adattamento del modello ai dati e a migliori performance in termini di previsione dei futures rispetto ad un modello con intensità costante. Inoltre, vengono calcolate e discusse due strategie di copertura ottimali basate sul trading di contratti futures. La prima strategia è basata sulla minimizzazione della varianza, mentre la seconda tiene in considerazione anche la skewness. Viene infine proposto un confronto tra le due strategie in termini di efficacia della copertura Nel quarto capitolo si considera la stima di modelli a volatilità stocastica a tempo continuo basati su processi di Wishart, osservando portafogli di opzioni come in Orlowski (2019). In questo contesto la funzione di verosimiglianza non è nota esplicitamente, quindi verrà stimata ricorrendo a metodi Monte Carlo sequenziali. A questo proposito, i processi latenti vengono marginalizzati e la stima della verosimiglianza viene effettuata adattando metodi Monte Carlo sequenziali “controllati”, recentemente proposti da Heng et. Al. (2019). Dai risultati numerici si mostra come la metodologia proposta dia risultati decisamente migliori rispetto a metodi standard. Pertanto, l’elevata stabilità della metodologia proposta permetterà di costruire algoritmi per la stima congiunta di processi latenti e parametri utilizzando un approccio Bayesiano. Quest’ultimo step si traduce nel costruire un così detto SMC sampler, il quale è attualmente in fase di studio.<br>In this thesis we consider the application of Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods to continuous-time asset pricing models. The first chapter of the thesis gives a self-contained overview on SMC methods. In particular, starting from basic Monte Carlo techniques we move to recent state of the art SMC algorithms. In the second chapter we review existing methods for the exact simulation of Hawkes processes. From our analysis we infer that the simulation scheme of Dassios and Zaho (2013) outperforms the other algorithms, including the most popular thinning method proposed by Ogata (1980). This chapter serves also as introduction to self-exciting jump processes, which are the subject of Chapter 3. Hence, in the third chapter we propose a new self-exciting jump diffusion model in order to describe oil price dynamics. We estimate the model by applying a state of the art SMC sampler on both spot and futures data. From the estimation results we find evidence of self-excitation in the oil market, which leads to an improved fit and a better out of sample futures forecasting performance with respect to jump-diffusion models with constant intensity. Furthermore, we compute and discuss two optimal hedging strategies based on futures trading. The optimality of the first hedging strategy proposed is based on the variance minimization, while the second strategy takes into account also the third-order moment contribution in considering the investors attitudes. A comparison between the two strategies in terms of hedging effectiveness is provided. Finally, in the fourth chapter we consider the estimation of continuous-time Wishart stochastic volatility models by observing portfolios of weighted options as in Orlowski (2019). In this framework we don't know the likelihood in closed-form; then we aim to estimate it using SMC techniques. To this end, we marginalize latent states and perform marginal likelihood estimation by adapting the recently proposed controlled SMC algorithm (Heng et. Al. 2019). From the numerical experiments we show that the proposed methodology gives much better results with respect to standard filtering techniques. Therefore, the great stability of our SMC method opens the door for effective joint estimation of latent states and unknown parameters in a Bayesian fashion. This last step amounts to design an SMC sampler based on a pseudo-marginal argument and is currently under preparation.
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Esteras, Bejar Miguel. "Development of methods for the study of the role of the Smc5-Smc6 complex in DNA stability." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11072.

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The Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) proteins play a number of crucial roles in the metabolism of chromosomes. The Smc5-Smc6 complex is the least well understood of the complexes formed by SMC proteins. Hitherto, the Smc5-Smc6 complex has been linked to protein post-translational modification by sumoylation and restart of collapsed replication forks by homologous recombination between sister chromatids (SCR). However, a detailed characterization of the roles of the Smc5-Smc6 complex is missing. The objective of this study is to characterize the function of the Smc5-Smc6 complex in DNA repair by SCR, and to identify sumoylation substrates of MMS21, a E3-sumoligase subunit of the Smc5-Smc6 complex. Recent studies suggest that DNA single-strand nicks are transformed to doublestrand breaks in a replication-dependent manner, and this triggers SCR. I developed an assay for the activation of SCR based on the expression of a site-specific nickase. Unfortunately, a stable site-specific nick was observed in only 30% of the population. This percentage was insufficient for the study of the molecular role of the Smc5-Smc6 complex during SCR. However, this assay could be used to confirm and further characterize the activation of SCR upon replication-induced DNA damage. To study the role of sumoylation within the Smc5-Smc6 activity, I have developed a proteome-wide approach for the in vivo identification of sumoylation-sites by mass spectrometry. This technique can be used for the identification of MMS21 substrates and for the mapping of their sumo-acceptor lysines. The mapping of sumo-acceptor sites allows the generation of sumo-specific mutant proteins that can be used to study the function of sumoylation. More than 360 sumo-acceptor lysines, belonging to 245 different proteins, were identified. In vivo sumoylation at these lysines was verified by MS-independent methods. In addition, I developed a SILAC-based mass spectrometry assay for the quantitative study of site-specific sumoylation.
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McFarland, James. "Investigation of carbon nanotube growth using a nozzle CVD method." Pomona College, 2006. http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/u?/stc,4.

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This work uses a modification of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique to study the effects of source gas flow geometry (and the corresponding parameters) on carbon nanotube growth. Our approach is to flow the carbon-containing source gas through a nozzle, projecting the gas stream onto targeted regions of the substrate. This technique not only allows the potential for localized nanotube growth, but also offers an interesting opportunity to provide an experimental test of theoretical nanotube growth models.
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Strapko, Jaroslav. "Měření teplotních profilů SMD pouzder." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218369.

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Diploma thesis mainly deals with temperature management and calculation of temperature profile in oven by using SMD packages (PLCC, 1206) of different thermal capacitance on testing PCB. Above all shows theoretical consecution of temperature profile calculation in oven by using known mathematical method like the lumped capacitance method or finite difference method. Theoretical solution and measured values are compared. Diploma thesis also deals with fixation methods of thermocouples K type on assembly, comparison methods based on known and subexperiment, determines the deficiencies of methods. This thesis can perform as theoretical as well as experimental resource to prediction of temperature profiles of PCB´s with different assembly density.
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Wang, Shu. "Thermodynamic properties predictions using the COSMO-SAC solvation method." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 366 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1362532041&sid=24&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Inoue, Shinichiro. "Ion assisted methods of deposition of SiC." Thesis, University of Salford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308174.

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Zhang, Yixia. "Refined non-conforming linear and nonlinear finte [sic] element analysis." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22753060.

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Saarikko, Jukka Olavi. "A multi-method empirical study of the Finnish SME restructurings." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500475.

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The ultimate purpose of the study was to find out differences between successful and unsuccessful Finnish SME restructurings. By contrast to previous research, the population of the study was homogeneous, insolvent Finnish small and middle-sized enterprises. In addition to that, a significant sample was achieved with the questionnaire survey which made it possible to generalize the findings. A theoretical sampling plan for the qualitative phase was conducted to build theories of success and failure on SME restructurings in Finland. In order to find out differences between cases, extremes were selected from both success and failure cases in three different size groups of firms: micro firms, small firms and middle-sized firms (six firms in total). Multiple sources of data, both primary and secondary were collected and analysed. Triangulation was conducted to ascertain the validity of findings within and across different research methods. With the help of a multi-method research tool and the approach of the resource-based view of the firm, rich and interesting findings were made. With the findings made by both quantitative and qualitative research methods, a process model of successful restructurings was built. The model includes three basic steps: situation analysis, concentration on the core and the restructuring strategy. These basic factors are affected by six basic forces: reasons for failure, resources of the firm, competitive position of the firm, industry development, stakeholder management, and aspirations of owners and management. The ongoing change management process is in the core of the process model. Numerous other important ingredients that affected the success of restructuring processes were found, for example: the experience of the administrator and the finding that all the problems of the troubled firm must be resolved without delay and the restructuring strategy must be in line with the resources of the troubled firm. The debtrestructurings seemed only to give the troubled firm short-term help. From the creditors' point of view, the going-concern value of the troubled firm should exceed the liquidation value of the firm. Such a position is not going to be achieved without major changes in the business of the troubled firm.
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Yang, James J. "A statistical method for identifying informative genes in micorarrays [sic]." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1001199.

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Zhang, Yixia, and 張義霞. "Refined non-conforming linear and nonlinear finte [sic] element analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242704.

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Books on the topic "SMC Method"

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United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa., ed. Methods of controlling mail routeings [sic]. United Nations Economic and Social Council, 1989.

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W, Wiesel Sam, and Delahay John N, eds. Essentials of orthopedic [sic] surgery. 3rd ed. Springer, 2007.

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Jarosław, Badurek, and Zawadzka Ludmiła 1943-, eds. Methods of decissions [sic] assistance in economy modelling [sic] and applications. Wydawn. Politechniki Gdańskiej, 2007.

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IAP Astrophysics Meeting (5th 1989 Paris, France). Astrophysical ages and dating methodes [sic] methods. Editions Frontieres, 1990.

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Galen. On the therapeutic method: Books and [sic] I and II. Clarendon, 1991.

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1959-, Moses Randolph Lyle, Ohio State University, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Analysis of modified SMI method for adaptive array weight control. Ohio State University, 1989.

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Dilsavor, Ronald Louis. Analysis of modified SMI method for adaptive array weight control. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Cyhelský, Lubomír. Contributions to solving of socio-ekonomic [sic] statistic's problems. Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze ve Státnim pedagogickém nakl., 1987.

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L, Oliver H., ed. Reprocessing of marine multichannel seismic reflection profile line 12, Cape Hatteras, North Caroline [sic], to Shell Mohawk Well, Canada. U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Pyzdek, Thomas. SPC-PC: Statistical process control for personal computers : version 1.0. Quality America, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "SMC Method"

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Wang, Hui. "Cascade PI-SMC Method for Matrix Converter-Fed BDFIM Drives." In Power Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69902-3_11.

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Sato, Shigeyuki, Taiyo Mizuhashi, Genki Kimura, and Kenjiro Taura. "Efficiently Adapting Stateless Model Checking for C11/C++11 to Mixed-Size Accesses." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8943-6_17.

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AbstractStateless model checking (SMC) is crucial for productivity in verified concurrent programming, and its recent developments for C/C++ and weak memory models are remarkable. The state-of-the-art SMC for C, GenMC, efficiently verifies C programs based on C11 atomics and pthreads. However, it does not support mixed-size accesses, accesses to the same memory region with different-sized types, even though they are ubiquitous in C/C++, particularly the code for memory management. As a result, GenMC does not work for C/C++ programs containing memory management. To resolve this problem, we develop a method of adapting GenMC to mixed-size accesses preserving its optimality. We experimentally evaluate the efficiency of our extended implementation of GenMC and its efficacy for memory management programs.
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Lundén, Daniel, Joey Öhman, Jan Kudlicka, Viktor Senderov, Fredrik Ronquist, and David Broman. "Compiling Universal Probabilistic Programming Languages with Efficient Parallel Sequential Monte Carlo Inference." In Programming Languages and Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99336-8_2.

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AbstractProbabilistic programming languages (PPLs) allow users to encode arbitrary inference problems, and PPL implementations provide general-purpose automatic inference for these problems. However, constructing inference implementations that are efficient enough is challenging for many real-world problems. Often, this is due to PPLs not fully exploiting available parallelization and optimization opportunities. For example, handling probabilistic checkpoints in PPLs through continuation-passing style transformations or non-preemptive multitasking—as is done in many popular PPLs—often disallows compilation to low-level languages required for high-performance platforms such as GPUs. To solve the checkpoint problem, we introduce the concept of PPL control-flow graphs (PCFGs)—a simple and efficient approach to checkpoints in low-level languages. We use this approach to implement RootPPL: a low-level PPL built on CUDA and C++ with OpenMP, providing highly efficient and massively parallel SMC inference. We also introduce a general method of compiling universal high-level PPLs to PCFGs and illustrate its application when compiling Miking CorePPL—a high-level universal PPL—to RootPPL. The approach is the first to compile a universal PPL to GPUs with SMC inference. We evaluate RootPPL and the CorePPL compiler through a set of real-world experiments in the domains of phylogenetics and epidemiology, demonstrating up to 6$$\times $$ × speedups over state-of-the-art PPLs implementing SMC inference.
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Huang, Jia, Jidong Lv, Yu Feng, Zhengwei Luo, Hongjie Liu, and Ming Chai. "A Novel Method on Probability Evaluation of ZC Handover Scenario Based on SMC." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4929-2_22.

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Tong, Shenghao, Long Zhao, Huaitao Shi, Zhiqiang Duo, and Cai He. "Multi-mode Sliding Mode Control of Four-Cable Parallel Robot Based on Wind Disturbance Observation." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1876-4_46.

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AbstractAiming at the problem of accurate trajectory tracking of four-cable parallel robot under wind disturbance in the process of material handling in buildings, a multi-mode sliding mode control (MSMC) method based on wind disturbance observer is proposed. Firstly, the wind field model is established, and the comprehensive wind speed model is introduced into the accurate dynamic model as a wind disturbance factor. Secondly, the wind disturbance observer is introduced to estimate the total disturbance of wind disturbance error in real time, which effectively reduces the switching gain, thus effectively reducing the vibration and improving the control accuracy of the system. Combined with the dynamic performance of multimode sliding mode controller, it can be switched at will to reduce chattering. Compared with the traditional sliding mode control method SMC, the anti-interference ability of MSMC is verified. The results show that the designed multimode sliding mode controller can effectively suppress the influence of wind disturbance on the vibration of the end effector.
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Derajat Amperajaya, M., Ragil Murdopo, Nofi Erni, Taufiqur Rahman, Septian Rahmat Adnan, and Ghefra Rizkan Gaffara. "Measurement and Effort to Improve OEE Value of SMC 2000 DST Machinery A PT. XYZ with PDCA Method." In Proceedings of the First Mandalika International Multi-Conference on Science and Engineering 2022, MIMSE 2022 (Mechanical and Electrical). Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-078-7_30.

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Mori, Sadao, and Howard G. Barth. "SEC Method Development." In Size Exclusion Chromatography. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03910-6_5.

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Lundén, Daniel, Johannes Borgström, and David Broman. "Correctness of Sequential Monte Carlo Inference for Probabilistic Programming Languages." In Programming Languages and Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_15.

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AbstractProbabilistic programming is an approach to reasoning under uncertainty by encoding inference problems as programs. In order to solve these inference problems, probabilistic programming languages (PPLs) employ different inference algorithms, such as sequential Monte Carlo (SMC), Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), or variational methods. Existing research on such algorithms mainly concerns their implementation and efficiency, rather than the correctness of the algorithms themselves when applied in the context of expressive PPLs. To remedy this, we give a correctness proof for SMC methods in the context of an expressive PPL calculus, representative of popular PPLs such as WebPPL, Anglican, and Birch. Previous work have studied correctness of MCMC using an operational semantics, and correctness of SMC and MCMC in a denotational setting without term recursion. However, for SMC inference—one of the most commonly used algorithms in PPLs as of today—no formal correctness proof exists in an operational setting. In particular, an open question is if the resample locations in a probabilistic program affects the correctness of SMC. We solve this fundamental problem, and make four novel contributions: (i) we extend an untyped PPL lambda calculus and operational semantics to include explicit resample terms, expressing synchronization points in SMC inference; (ii) we prove, for the first time, that subject to mild restrictions, any placement of the explicit resample terms is valid for a generic form of SMC inference; (iii) as a result of (ii), our calculus benefits from classic results from the SMC literature: a law of large numbers and an unbiased estimate of the model evidence; and (iv) we formalize the bootstrap particle filter for the calculus and discuss how our results can be further extended to other SMC algorithms.
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Lampacrescia, Marco, Michaela Klauck, and Matteo Palmas. "Towards Verifying Robotic Systems Using Statistical Model Checking in STORM." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75434-0_28.

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AbstractRobust autonomy and interaction of robots with their environment, even in rare or new situations, is an ultimate goal of robotics research. We settle on Statistical Model Checking (SMC) for the benefit of robustness of robot deliberation and base our implementation on STORM, one of the most performant and comprehensive open-source model checkers, so far lacking an SMC extension. The SMC extension introduced in this paper offers various statistical methods, from which the user can choose to find the best trade-off between accuracy of the result and runtime. We demonstrate the efficiency of our SMC implementation by comparing it to other state-of-the-art SMC tools on well-established benchmarks and on a robotics-related example. The results indicate that our implementation, which will be continuously extended in the future to improve support for robotics use cases, is performant enough to bridge the gap between robotic systems and model checking in industry.
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Wall, Tyler, and Jarrett Rodrick. "The SOC Analyst Method." In Jump-start Your SOC Analyst Career. Apress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/979-8-8688-0345-1_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "SMC Method"

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Ozaki, Yoshito, and Akira Utsumi. "A New Partitioning Method for the IDS Method." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2013.670.

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Lin, Yu-ling, Salem Chakhar, and Rui Yang. "Sequential Rank Aggregation Method." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2018.00541.

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Yong, Zhao, Li Hong, and Liu Liqun. "NN-SMC MPPT Method for PV Generating System." In 2011 First International Conference on Robot, Vision and Signal Processing (RVSP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rvsp.2011.47.

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Seki, Hirosato, Fuhito Mizuguchi, Satoshi Watanabe, Hiroaki Ishii, and Masaharu Mizumoto. "SIRMs connected fuzzy inference method using kernel method." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2008.4811546.

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Ye Jiang, Min Jiang, Jian Luo, Zhaohui Gan, and Jinshan Tang. "An interactive image retrieval method." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844764.

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Samejima, Masaki, and Keiichi Hamada. "A Change Detection Method of Arguing Points by Factor Analysis for Case Method Support." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2013.486.

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Tripathi, Ashish, Prateek Garbyal, K. K. Mishra, and A. K. Misra. "Environmental adaption method for dynamic environment." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6973910.

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Liu, Bin, Menghua Zhang, Xin Ma, et al. "Model independent PD-SMC method for bionic eye systems." In 2017 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac.2017.8242853.

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Filipovic, Ela, Nikolina Catlak, and Natasa Zenic. "Sport participation should not be observed as protective against smoking and drinking in adolescence; cross-sectional cluster-based analysis in Croatian southern regions." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-26.

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Purpose: Sport participation in adolescence is frequently observed as being protective against consumption of psychoactive substances (e.g. cigarettes and alcohol), but limited number of studies directly examined this problem while simultaneously observing consump-tion of cigarettes and alcohol. The aim of this study was to evidence the possible associations which may exist between different factors explaining participation in sports, and consumption of cigarettes and alcohol in adolescents from Croatia. Methods: The sample comprised 436 adolescents from coastal regions in Croatia (202 fe-males) aged 15–17 years who were tested by previously validated closed structured ques-tionnaire on sport factors (experience in sports [four point scale from “never participated” to “ &gt; 5 years”], sport competitive achievement [four point scale ranging from “never competed” to “national/international competitive achievement”], number of sport training sessions per week [four point scale ranging from “didn’t participate” to “sometimes even twice a day”]), cigarette smoking (four point scale ranging from “never smoked” to “more than 10 cigarettes per day”), and alcohol consumption (measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – AUDIT). Cluster analysis calculated on the basis of cigarette smoking and AUDIT results was used to form homogenous groups (substance misuse clusters – SMC). The Kruskall Wallis analysis of variance (KWA) was calculated to identify the differences between SMC in studied sport factors. Results: Four SMC were formed indicating: (i) high alcohol + high cigarettes (SMC1: n=42), (ii) high alcohol + low cigarettes (SMC2: n=115), (iii) low alcohol + low cigarettes (SMC3: n=226), and (iv) low alcohol + high cigarettes consumption (SMC4: n=53). When calculat-ed for total sample of participants, the KWA revealed significant differences among SMC, with significant post-hoc differences between SMC1 and SMC3 in all sport-factors (H test: 9.5-to-17.5, p 80% of all SMC1 members). Gender-specific KWA did not reveal significant differences among SMC in studied sport factors. Conclusion: Study results do not support the theory of protective effects of sport participation against substance misuse in adolescence. Even more, there are some indices that sport par-ticipation may be observed risk factor for consumption of cigarettes and alcohol in this age group. Social acceptance of smoking and drinking in sport-society in the region is probable reason for relatively high rates of substance misuse in adolescents who are actively involved in sports.
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de Oliveira Moura, Shayane, Marcelo Bassani de Freitas, Halisson A. C. Cardoso, and George D. C. Cavalcanti. "Choosing instance selection method using meta-learning." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6974215.

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Reports on the topic "SMC Method"

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Youngblood, G. E., and R. H. Jones. Methods of radiation effects evaluation of SiC/SiC composite and SiC fibers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/335383.

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เฉลิมชัยกิจ, ธงชัย, та ศุภชัย เนื้อนวลสุวรรณ. ประสิทธิภาพของชุดตรวจสอบ Delvotest-PR และ Microbial inhibition disk method ในการตรวจหายาปฏิชีวนะตกค้างในน้ำนมในประเทศไทย : รายงานผลงานวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 1995. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1995.36.

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การตรวจสอบหายาปฏิชีวนะตกค้างในน้ำนมพร้อมดื่มพาสเจอร์ไรซ์ 323 ตัวอย่าง ยูเอชที 330 ตัวอย่าง น้ำนมดิบจากถังนมรวมของเกษตรกร 515 ตัวอย่าง จากโคนมปกติ 200 ตัวอย่าง และจากโคนมที่มีอาการเต้านมอักเสบก่อนให้การรักษา 50 ตัวอย่าง โดยวิธี Microbial inhibition disk method และใช้ชุด ตรวจสอบ Delvotest-P[superscript R] พบว่าอัตราการให้ผลบวกลดลง 42: 1-100% หลังจากการอุ่นตัวอย่างน้ำนมที่อุณหภูมิ 80 องศาเซลเซียส นาน 3 นาที ก่อนทำการตรวจสอบแสดงว่าผลบวกเท็จที่เกิดขึ้นน่าจะมีสาเหตุจากสารยับยั้งการแบ่งตัวของแบคทีเรียตามธรรมชาติในน้ำนม (Natural inhibitors) เช่น Lysozyme และ Lactoferrin เป็นต้น โดยที่สารเหล่านี้ไม่สามารถทนความร้อนได้ ดังนั้น การอุ่นน้ำนมก่อนการตรวจสอบหายาปฏิชีวนะโดยวิธีทั้งสองดังกล่าวจึงเป็นการเพิ่มความน่าเชื่อถือในการตรวจสอบ อย่างไรก็ดีพบว่าการอุ่นน้ำนมอาจทำให้เกิดผลลบเท็จได้เช่นกัน ซึ่งการศึกษานี้พบว่าอัตราการผลลบเท็จเกิดขึ้น 12.8-13.6 % ในตัวอย่างน้ำนมที่มีอาการเต้านมอักเสบและกำลังรักษาด้วยยาปฏิชีวนะ ปริมาณของ Somatic cell count (SCC) ไม่พบว่ามีความสัมพันธ์กับผลการตรวจสอบหายาปฏิชีวนะโดยวิธีทั้งสองดังกล่าวในการศึกษานี้ แต่การอุ่นตัวอย่างน้ำนมที่มี SCC สูงก่อนการตรวจสอบสามารถลดอัตราการเกิดผลบวกเท็จได้เช่นกัน ทั้งนี้ ในการทดสอบประสิทธิภาพความน่าเชื่อถือของการตรวจสอบหายาปฏิชีวนะพบว่าค่า Specificity ของทั้งสองวิธีเท่ากันคือ 92.50 % แต่ Microbial inhibition disk method มีค่า Sensitivity เท่ากับ 98.85 % สูงกว่าของ Delvotest-P[superscript R] ซึ่งเท่ากับ 93.10 %
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Shyshkina, Mariya, and Uliana Kohut. The Method of Using the Maxima System for Operations Research Learning. [б. в.], 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3172.

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In the article, the problems of using the systems of computer mathematics (SCM) as a tool to support the teaching and research activities in the field of informatics and mathematics disciplines training are investigated. The role of SCM in the process of bachelors of informatics training and special aspects of pedagogical applications of these systems in the “Operations research” study is defined. The aim of the article is the justification of the Maxima system use of in the process of “Operations research” teaching in pedagogical university as enchasing the investigative approach to learning and determination of the perspective ways of its introduction. The main characteristics of SCM Maxima and the ways of access organizing to it both in local and the cloud-oriented implementation are considered. The results of the pedagogical experiment on the Maxima application to support the investigative approach to operation research study and the analysis of its conclusions are reported.
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Neuffer, D. A novel method for correcting the SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) multipole problem. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6733128.

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Barry, Kenneth. Development of alternate methods of determining integrated SMR source terms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1133725.

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Amirav, Aviv, and Steven Lehotay. Fast Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695851.bard.

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The overall theme of this project was to increase the speed of analysis for monitoring pesticide residues in food. Traditionally, analytical methods for multiple pesticides are time-consuming, expensive, laborious, wasteful, and ineffective to meet critical needs related to food safety. Faster and better methods were needed to provide more cost-effective detection of chemical contaminants, and thus provide a variety of benefits to agriculture. This overarching goal to speed and improve pesticide analysis was successfully accomplished even beyond what was originally proposed by the investigators in 1998. At that time, the main objectives of this project were: 1) to further develop a direct sample introduction (DSI) device that enables fast sampling and introduction of blended-only agricultural products for analysis by gas chromatography (GC); 2) to evaluate, establish, and further develop the method of simultaneous pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection for enhanced pesticide identification capabilities; and 3) to develop a new and novel MS pesticide analysis method, based on the use of supersonic molecular beams (SMB) for sampling and ionization. The first and third objectives were successfully accomplished as proposed, and the feasibility of the second objective was already demonstrated. The capabilities of the GC/SMB-MS approach alone were so useful for pesticide analysis that the simultaneous use of a PFPD was considered superfluous. Instead, the PFPD was investigated in combination with an electron-capture detector for low-cost, simultaneous analysis of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in fatty foods. Three important, novel research projects not originally described in the proposal were also accomplished: 1) development of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for pesticides in foods; 2) development and optimization of a method using low-pressure (LP) GC/MS to speed pesticide residue analysis; and 3) innovative application of analyte protectants to improve the GC analysis of important problematic pesticides. All of the accomplishments from this project are expected to have strong impact to the analytical community and implications to agriculture and food safety. For one, an automated DSI approach has become commercially available in combination with GC/MS for the analysis of pesticide residues. Meanwhile, the PFPD has become the selective detector of choice for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. Great strides were made in SMB-MS through the manufacture of a prototype "Supersonic GC/MS" instrument, which displayed many advantages over commercial GC/MS instruments. Most notably, the QuEChERS method is already being disseminated to routine monitoring labs and has shown great promise to improve pesticide analytical capabilities and increase lab productivity. The implications of these developments to agriculture will be to increase the percentage of food monitored and the scope of residues detected in the food, which will serve to improve food safety. Developed and developing countries alike will be able to use these methods to lower costs and improve results, thus imported/exported food products will have better quality without affecting price or availability. This will help increase trade between nations and mitigate certain disputes over residue levels in imported foods. The improved enforcement of permissible residue levels provided by these methods will have the effect to promote good agricultural practices among previously obstinate farmers who felt no repercussions from illegal or harmful practices. Furthermore, the methods developed can be used in the field to analyze samples quickly and effectively, or to screen for high levels of dangerous chemicals that may intentionally or accidentally appear in the food supply.
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Weischedel. L41035 Enhanced Interpretation of MFL to Detect SCC-(SEEC) Method Auxiliary Pole Approach. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011243.

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This report deals with a novel and rather unorthodox electromagnetic inspection technique called the Se/f-Excited Eddy Current (SEEC) or Motion Induced Eddy Current (M/EC) method. The SEEC approach promises a surprisingly simple solution for the difficult and long-standing SCC detection, characterization, and discrimination problem.
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Lehotay, Steven J., and Aviv Amirav. Fast, practical, and effective approach for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. United States Department of Agriculture, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695587.bard.

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Background to the topic: For food safety and security reasons, hundreds of pesticides, veterinary drugs, and environmental pollutants should be monitored in the food supply, but current methods are too time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. As a result, only a tiny fraction of the food is tested for a limited number of contaminants. Original proposal objectives: Our main original goal was to develop fast, practical, and effective new approaches for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. We proposed to extend the QuEChERS approach to more pesticides, veterinary drugs and pollutants, further develop GC-MS and LC-MS with SMB and combine QuEChERS with GC-SMB-MS and LC-SMB-EI-MS to provide the “ultimate” approach for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in food. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: The original QuEChERS method was validated for more than 200 pesticide residues in a variety of food crops. For the few basic pesticides for which the method gave lower recoveries, an extensive solvent suitability study was conducted, and a buffering modification was made to improve results for difficult analytes. Furthermore, evaluation of the QuEChERS approach for fatty matrices, including olives and its oil, was performed. The QuEChERS concept was also extended to acrylamide analysis in foods. Other advanced techniques to improve speed, ease, and effectiveness of chemical residue analysis were also successfully developed and/or evaluated, which include: a simple and inexpensive solvent-in-silicone-tube extraction approach for highly sensitive detection of nonpolar pesticides in GC; ruggedness testing of low-pressure GC-MS for 3-fold faster separations; optimization and extensive evaluation of analyte protectants in GC-MS; and use of prototypical commercial automated direct sample introduction devices for GC-MS. GC-MS with SMB was further developed and combined with the Varian 1200 GCMS/ MS system, resulting in a new type of GC-MS with advanced capabilities. Careful attention was given to the subject of GC-MS sensitivity and its LOD for difficult to analyze samples such as thermally labile pesticides or those with weak or no molecular ions, and record low LOD were demonstrated and discussed. The new approach of electron ionization LC-MS with SMB was developed, its key components of sample vaporization nozzle and flythrough ion source were improved and was evaluated with a range of samples, including carbamate pesticides. A new method and software based on IAA were developed and tested on a range of pesticides in agricultural matrices. This IAA method and software in combination with GC-MS and SMB provide extremely high confidence in sample identification. A new type of comprehensive GCxGC (based on flow modulation) was uniquely combined with GC-MS with SMB, and we demonstrated improved pesticide separation and identification in complex agricultural matrices using this novel approach. An improved device for aroma sample collection and introduction (SnifProbe) was further developed and favorably compared with SPME for coffee aroma sampling. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: We succeeded in achieving significant improvements in the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply, from easy sample preparation approaches, through sample analysis by advanced new types of GC-MS and LCMS techniques, all the way to improved data analysis by lowering LOD and providing greater confidence in chemical identification. As a result, the combination of the QuEChERS approach, new and superior instrumentation, and the novel monitoring methods that were developed will enable vastly reduced time and cost of analysis, increased analytical scope, and a higher monitoring rate. This provides better enforcement, an added impetus for farmers to use good agricultural practices, improved food safety and security, increased trade, and greater consumer confidence in the food supply.
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Clark, W. Multiple coil pulsed magnetic resonance method to measure the SSC bending magnet multipole moments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7107279.

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Clark, W. G. (Multiple coil pulsed magnetic resonance method to measure the SSC bending magnet multipole moments). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6233086.

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