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Books on the topic 'SME Lending'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

(Firm), Microfinance Risk Management, ed. The potential for credit scoring for SME lending in Kenya. Nairobi: FSD Kenya, 2008.

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2

Michaelas, N. The borrowing behaviour of SMEs and the lending policies of financial institutions over business economic cycles. Manchester: Manchester Business School, 1998.

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3

Scott, Claire. Corporate bank lending and interest rate determination for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Northern Ireland (NI). (s.l: The Author), 2002.

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4

Office, General Accounting. [ Open access same-time information system and standards of conduct]. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.

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5

Competition in the GCC SME Lending Markets. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/25404.

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6

Alibhai, Salman, Aletheia Donald, Markus Goldstein, Alper Ahmet Oguz, Alexander Pankov, and Francesco Strobbe. Gender Bias In SME Lending : Experimental Evidence From Turkey. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9100.

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7

Kenya, FSD, and Microfinance Risk Management (Firm), eds. The potential for credit scoring for SME lending in Kenya. Nairobi: FSD Kenya, 2008.

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8

Kenya, FSD, and Microfinance Risk Management (Firm), eds. The potential for credit scoring for SME lending in Kenya. Nairobi: FSD Kenya, 2008.

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9

Arraiz, Irani, Miriam Bruhn, Benjamin N. Roth, Claudia Ruiz-Ortega, and Rodolfo Stucchi. Free Riding in Loan Approvals: Evidence from SME Lending in Peru. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9072.

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10

Eisele, Alexander, and Eric Nowak. Market Innovations for (Non-Bank) Financing of SMEs in Light of the Crisis and New Regulation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815815.003.0012.

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This chapter summarizes and empirically evaluates new regulatory policies as well as market innovations in the financial sector and their potential impact on SME financing. Using survey and balance sheet data for European SMEs, we find empirical evidence in line with the existing literature highlighting a recent deterioration in bank-based SME financing. More importantly, we provide empirical evidence suggesting that the negative macroeconomic effects of future restricted bank lending, due to new regulation, could be mitigated by policies allowing for and supporting new forms of market-based SME financing. To evaluate the financial and real effects of innovations in SME financing, we exploit the staggered introduction of SME equity and bond segments in different European countries, and show that they have been successful in providing non-bank financing to SMEs.
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11

De la Torre, Augusto, Maria Soledad Martinez Peria, and Sergio L. Schmukler. Bank Involvement With SMES: Beyond Relationship Lending. The World Bank, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4649.

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12

Alibhai, Salman, Mengistu Bessir Achew, Rachel Coleman, Anushe Khan, and Francesco Strobbe. Algorithms for Inclusion: Data Driven Lending for Women Owned SMEs. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/27480.

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13

Bruno, Brunella, Alexandra D'Onofrio, and Immacolata Marino. Determinants of Bank Lending in Europe and the United States. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815815.003.0006.

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We provide a comprehensive analysis of the main drivers of bank lending in Europe and the United States over the period from 2008 to 2014. We relate bank characteristics prior to the global financial crisis to their lending behaviour during and after the crisis period. Our analysis confirms the existence of a bank lending channel, that seems stronger in Europe than in the United States, especially if we look at corporate loans rather than at the whole loan portfolio. We uncover that the main bank characteristics affecting lending are size, capitalization, liquidity, and ownership structure, as well as, to a lesser extent, reliance on deposits and exposure to government bonds. Some of these factors have indeed shielded bank lending as predicted, but the results are not always in the expected direction, which points to the existence of a revised version of the traditional bank lending channel.
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14

Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirguc-Kunt, and Maria Soledad Martinez Peria. Bank Financing For SMEs Around The World: Drivers, Obstacles, Business Models, And Lending Practices. The World Bank, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4785.

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15

Griffith-Jones, Stephany, José Antonio Ocampo, Felipe Rezende, Alfredo Schclarek, and Michael Brei. The Future of National Development Banks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827948.003.0001.

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In the wake of the global financial crisis, there is growing consensus that national development banks play a valuable role in development finance. This chapter looks first at the theoretical background justifying the need for development banks. The chapter then describes empirically some of the key features of national development banks, including their lending and funding structure. Finally, it analyses in depth five main functions which national development banks perform: (i) providing countercyclical lending; (ii) promoting innovation and structural transformation; (iii) enhancing financial inclusion; (iv) supporting infrastructure investment; and (v) supporting the provision of public goods, and particularly combatting climate change.
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16

Drelichman, Mauricio, and Hans-Joachim Voth. Serial Defaults, Serial Profits. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691151496.003.0007.

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This chapter looks at the profitability of banking families. Lending to the king of Spain made good business sense; it was hugely profitable on average, despite periodic defaults and restructurings. Defaults and reschedulings reduced the rate of return, but profitability net of these losses was still high—and markedly higher than the return on alternative investments. The same conclusion emerges from analyzing the profitability of loans by the banking dynasty. Of the sixty families that lent to Philip, only five failed to earn their likely opportunity cost of capital—and these bankers provided only a negligible proportion of the short-term loans taken out by the king. As a consequence, few financiers ever stopped lending to Philip II.
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17

Dymski, Gary. Finance and Financial Systems: Evolving Geographies of Crisis and Instability. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.4.

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This chapter explores geographical approaches to financial systems, with special attention to their instability. After examining the foundational contributions that launched the geography of finance, the chapter summarizes spatial research on the global spread of innovative practices in finance. It then asks why so little attention was paid to macro-aspects of financial crises prior to September 2008. A review of geographers’ research of sub-prime lending and crisis finds that this work, extensive as it is in analyzing the microfoundational aspects of sub-prime lending and securitization, pays no attention to the macro-dimension of financial instability. This lacuna is shared with mainstream macroeconomics, which famously failed to see the sub-prime crisis coming. The chapter then explores economist Hyman Minsky’s macro-approach to financial instability and crisis. The chapter concludes by arguing that developing a spatial analysis of financial instability should be a high priority for the emerging geography of finance.
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18

1827-1885, Crooks Adam, and Ontario. Treasury Dept., eds. Municipal loan fund: Surplus distribution, schedules showing the objects to which the said fund has been appropriated by by-law, and the payments made upon the same, to the 5th November, 1874. [Toronto?: s.n., 1993.

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19

Nelson, William E. The Well-Functioning Empire of the Mid-Eighteenth Century. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190850487.003.0005.

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The governmental institutions of the British Empire functioned effectively in the mid-eighteenth century in the interests of royal officials, merchants, and others in Great Britain as well as in the interests of the inhabitants of most of its thirteen colonies. Of course, there were some difficulties—some disputes went unresolved, some taxes unpaid, and some criminals never punished. The main work of the legal system was debt collection, and despite many inefficiencies, the system functioned well enough for the flow of lending and credit to continue. From the perspective of 1750, it was inconceivable that the empire would come apart a quarter of a century later.
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20

Tutino, Stefania. Buying with You, Selling with You, Praying with You. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694098.003.0010.

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This chapter presents a second case study showing another concrete example of the issues to which probabilism was applied. Like the previous chapter, this chapter puts the theoretical and theological discussions on probabilism into the concrete social, economic, and cultural reality of the post-Reformation Catholic Church. This chapter explores the relationship between Catholic theology and money lending by examining the key role that probabilism played in helping theologians to maintain the traditional Catholic ban on usury while at the same time engaging with the burgeoning money-market economy and with other religious traditions with different doctrinal and social views on money, such as Judaism.
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21

Pagano, Marco. The Sovereign-Bank Nexus and the Case for European Safe Bonds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815815.003.0008.

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During the Euro debt crisis, banks’ holdings of domestic sovereign debt amplified the transmission of sovereign stress to bank lending and solvency risk in stressed countries. Yet, current proposals to reform European banking regulation of bank sovereign exposures meet with obstacles, some structural—namely, the scarcity and asymmetric provision of safe assets—and others transitional—chiefly the danger that regulatory change may trigger instability in the sovereign debt market. But both types of obstacles can be overcome by introducing a synthetic security resulting from the securitization of Eurozone sovereign debt—European Safe Bonds, or ESBies—and by providing regulatory incentives for banks to replace domestic debt holdings with this security.
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22

Roger, Mccormick, and Stears Chris. Part II The Financial Crisis of 2007–2011, 7 The Initial Impact of the Financial Crisis on Financial Markets. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198749271.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses the initial impact of the global financial crisis, covering the seize-up of the inter-bank market; the run on Northern Rock in September 2007; the ‘regulatory failure’ in the UK and proposed changes; other UK financial institution failures, near failures, and rescues; and US financial market problems. It argues that throughout history, there have been episodes of over-eager lending, reckless investing and poor risk management, leading to financial failure and calls for help. Although the recent crisis was supposedly different because the securitization of debt gave the appearance of liquidity and sophisticated risk management, it also had the same common themes of greed and stupidity.
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23

Menz, Georg. The Political Economy of Debt. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199579983.003.0006.

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The explosive rise in not just public, but also private debt has recently attracted more scholarly attention. This is a novel development and might expose politico-economic models of governance to instability from an angle previously underappreciated. The liberalization of credit access in the Anglo-American countries, and, somewhat later, beyond those, might be seen as liberating for some, but they also create the potential for entrapment in debt. The term ‘privatized Keynesianism’ has been proposed to suggest a systematic agenda behind the facilitated access to lending. In this chapter, the broader access to investment vehicles is also being scrutinized, although upon closer inspection any claims of mass ownership of shares turn out not to be tenable.
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24

Nikoletta, Kleftouri. 10 The US Paradigm: Deposit Insurer as Resolution Authority. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743057.003.0010.

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Banking crises prompted the United States to make lending of last resort, deposit insurance, and bank resolution federal responsibilities long before banks crossed state lines in large numbers. The US system offers an existing and successful model, whereby the deposit insurance and resolution functions are combined under a single institution, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The key objective underpinning the FDIC’s choice among different resolution options is that the chosen resolution is that which would result in the least cost to the deposit insurance fund. This chapter sets out the role of the FDIC as the deposit insurer, supervisor, and resolution authority, while also examining some key principles of the US approach to dealing with failing banks.
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25

Rodrigo, Olivares-Caminal, Douglas John, Guynn Randall, Kornberg Alan, Paterson Sarah, and Singh Dalvinder. Part III Sovereign Debt Restructuring, 12 Transactional Aspects of Sovereign Debt Restructuring. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198725244.003.0012.

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This chapter details the transactional aspects of sovereign debt restructuring. The amount of accumulated debt and its progressive increase have led to repayment problems for some countries and, in some cases, resulted in default. Therefore, as countries amass unsustainable debt burdens (as happens when the ratio of debt to gross domestic product rises to such an extent that the application of policies cannot revert the situation), they have an increasing need to restructure their sovereign debt. Sovereign debt restructuring can be understood as the technique used by sovereign states to prevent or resolve financial and economic crises and to achieve debt sustainability levels. The IMF has reviewed its lending framework in the context of sovereign debt vulnerabilities. It is hoping to introduce greater flexibility and be able to provide exceptional access to funding on the base of a debt operation that involves an extension of maturities.
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26

Buchanan, Allen. A Typology of Moral Progress. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190868413.003.0002.

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This chapter identifies a number of developments that are candidates for moral progress: abolition of the Atlantic chattel slavery, improvements in civil rights for minorities, equal rights for women, better treatment of (some) non-human animals, and abolition of the cruellest punishments in most parts of the world. This bottom-up approach is then used to construct a typology of moral progress, including improvements in moral reasoning, recognition of the moral standing or equal basic moral status of beings formerly thought to lack them, improvements in understandings of the domain of justice, the recognition that some behaviors formerly thought to be morally impermissible (such as premarital sex, masturbation, lending money at interest, and refusal to die “for king and country”) can be morally permissible, and improvements in understandings of morality itself. Finally, a distinction is made between improvements from a moral point of view and moral progress in the fullest sense.
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27

Friedline, Terri. Banking on a Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190944131.001.0001.

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Technological advancements are poised to completely transform the financial system, making it unrecognizable in just a few short decades. Banks are increasingly using financial technologies, or “fintech,” to deliver products and services and maximize their profits. Technology enthusiasts and some consumer advocates laude fintech for its potential to expand access to banking and finance. If history is any indication, however, fintech stands to reinforce digital forms of redlining and enable banks’ continued racialized exploitation of Black and Brown communities. Banking on a Revolution takes the perspective that the financial system needs a revolution—and not the impending revolution driven by technology. Studying various ways the financial system advantages whites by exploiting and marginalizing Black and Brown communities, Terri Friedline challenges the optimistic belief that fintech can expand access to banking and finance. Friedline applies the lens of financialized racial neoliberal capitalism to demonstrate the financial system’s inherent racism, and explores examples from student loan debt, corporate landlords, community benefits agreements, and banking and payday lending. She makes the case that the financial system needs a people-led revolution that centers the needs, experiences, and perspectives of those it has historically excluded, marginalized, and exploited.
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28

Henning, C. Randall. Regime Complexity and Main Argument. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801801.003.0002.

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International regime complexity provides a framework that is useful for analyzing the questions that are addressed in this study. This chapter discusses the origins and development of the regime complexity approach and locates the arguments of the book relative to it and other approaches to the study of international organization and global governance. It defines the concept of a regime complex, reviews some of the shortcomings of the approach, and shows how the analysis of the complex for international finance contributes to the research program on regime complexity. This study is a comparison of institutional interaction in seven structured cases of lending programs, woven through a narrative of the euro crisis. The chapter then previews the main arguments of the book, including that regime complexity stems from states’ efforts to control agency drift and that key states mediate interinstitutional conflict informally.
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29

George, Walker, Purves Robert, and Blair Michael. Part III Financial Sectors and Activities, 20 Home Finance Transactions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793809.003.0020.

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This chapter examines the regulatory regime for building societies in their capacity as lenders and for home finance transactions, which includes lending on mortgage secured on domestic property, home purchase business, and home reversion business. It begins with a discussion of the supervision and regulation of building societies before the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA) and under FSMA. It then considers some key developments relating to the regulation of mortgage and home finance business, including the European Commission's introduction of the Mortgage Credit Directive and the replacement of the Financial Services Authority by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA). The chapter also analyses the regulation of the consumer buy to let mortgage business, home reversion plans, home purchase plans, and regulated sale and rent back agreements before concluding with a review of the Prudential Sourcebook for Mortgage and Home Finance Firms and Insurance Intermediaries.
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30

Lause, Mark A. The Mystical Union. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040306.003.0003.

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This chapter examines how the mystical Union came to represent a spiritual republic and of all the souls involved in the working out of a common destiny. It considers how the emergence of the Republicans and the crisis of civil war forced spiritualists to final reckoning with antebellum nonresistance and transformed spiritualism into an even more coherent national force. Without any real organization regulating the process, spiritualists poured their hearts and hopes into the survival of a federal union imbued with an almost mystical importance. In addition, the spiritualists concentrated their efforts on lending an increasingly public voice to the departed, particularly those falling in the war. The chapter also discusses the position of some spiritualists regarding secession and the potential of Southern Unionism to end the Civil War. Finally, it looks at the spirits' running commentary on the war and its experience at free public weekly meetings.
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31

Östensson, Olle. Transparency in extractive industry commodities trading. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/929-7.

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The paper reviews the debate about transparency in extractive industry commodities trade. It examines the obstacles to improved transparency. A critical review of the experience with estimating losses from a lack of transparency concludes that many of the published estimates of losses from transfer mispricing and misinvoicing suffer from methodological deficiencies and appear to be exaggerations. The role of finance in extractive commodities trade is briefly discussed and it is noted that lending to companies owned by the state may affect the government’s standing with donors and investors. The most important transparency and responsible sourcing initiatives are reviewed. The initiatives appear to have had some positive effect on public financial management, investment climate, and economic growth. The experience of government-initiated responsible sourcing, including for conflict minerals, concludes that initiatives must include all or almost all market participants and that the cost of due diligence be equitably shared. Finally, a number of recommendations are made.
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32

Rocha, Roberto, Subika Farazi, Rania Khouri, and Douglas Pearce. The status of bank lending to SMEs in the Middle East and North Africa region: Results of a joint survey of the Union of Arab Bank and the World Bank. The World Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5607.

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33

Jones-Davies, Margaret. Saving Perfection from the Alchemists: Shakespeare’s Use of Alchemy. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427814.003.0006.

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In this chapter devoted to the “abstract riddles” of alchemy (Ben Jonson, The Alchemist, 2.1.104), Margaret Jones-Davies argues that Shakespeare uses the poetics of alchemy at a time when it begins to be on the wane as a “science.” Perfecting nature was the aim of alchemy. But in the Renaissance, the literal reading of the power of alchemy was being questioned (Rabelais, Erasmus, Jonson…). And yet, Jones-Davies explains that no matter how cruel the satire, but also the persecutions, against some alchemists had become, the influence of alchemy remained active on a figurative level as hermetic philosophy came to acquire a political importance as the basis of a new religious language, freed from the fanaticism of the warring parties. Now, however much Shakespeare shared Rabelais’ and Erasmus’ irony against alchemical lore, he did not extend his scepticism to the ideal of perfection, which he expressed through alchemical imagery and numerology, more particularly in the Histories and the Romances. Alchemy doesn’t work miracles, Jones-Davies notes, but by lending its language to the ideal of perfection, it certainly creates wonder. Shakespeare
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34

Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta. Race for Profit. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653662.001.0001.

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By the late 1960s and early 1970s, reeling from a wave of urban uprisings, politicians finally worked to end the practice of redlining. Reasoning that the turbulence could be calmed by turning Black city-dwellers into homeowners, they passed the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, and set about establishing policies to induce mortgage lenders and the real estate industry to treat Black homebuyers equally. The disaster that ensued revealed that racist exclusion had not been eradicated, but rather transmuted into a new phenomenon of predatory inclusion. Race for Profit uncovers how exploitative real estate practices continued well after housing discrimination was banned. The same racist structures and individuals remained intact after redlining’s end, and close relationships between regulators and the industry created incentives to ignore improprieties. Meanwhile, new policies meant to encourage low-income homeownership created new methods to exploit Black homeowners. The federal government guaranteed urban mortgages in an attempt to overcome resistance to lending to Black buyers – as if unprofitability, rather than racism, was the cause of housing segregation. Bankers, investors, and real estate agents took advantage of the perverse incentives, targeting the Black women most likely to fail to keep up their home payments and slip into foreclosure, multiplying their profits. As a result, by the end of the 1970s, the nation’s first programs to encourage Black homeownership ended with tens of thousands of foreclosures in Black communities across the country. The push to uplift Black homeownership had descended into a goldmine for realtors and mortgage lenders, and a ready-made cudgel for the champions of deregulation to wield against government intervention of any kind. Narrating the story of a sea-change in housing policy and its dire impact on African Americans, Race for Profit reveals how the urban core was transformed into a new frontier of cynical extraction.
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35

De Laurentis, Giacomo, Eugenio Alaio, Elisa Corsi, Emanuelemaria Giusti, Marco Guairo, Carlo Palego, Luca Paulicelli, et al. Rischio di credito 2.0. AIFIRM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2016ppa00030.

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The EBA Guidelines on loan origination and monitoring (hereinafter "GL LOM") undoubtedly represent a substantially new piece of the banking regulatory framework. In fact, for the first time, the regulator moves into a topic that was traditionally outside the scope of financial regulation, so far almost exclusively focused on aspects directly linked to both micro- and macro-prudential stability, notably through capital and liquidity management requirements and guidelines on Business Model and Internal Governance. The credit management process, and in particular loan origination and monitoring, has always been typically considered as a business issue under sole responsibility of banks, as it is considered one of the "core" processes (if not the "core" process) of the banking business. As a matter of fact, since the issue of the capital requirement regulation (i.e., Basel II and Basel III), and the introduction of the use requirements for the rating systems, the regulator moved very close, but not yet, to prescribe specific credit assessment criteria, while dictating methodological and organizational requirements for the authorization of the rating systems, and leaving substantial freedom to banks to define their own models and embedded assessment criteria and indicators. With the GL LOM, the regulator takes a further step, remarkably beyond its traditional remit, dictating principles and rules for the evaluation of the credit quality of borrowers. The starting point for this new approach from the regulator can be found in the ECB guidelines on Non-Performing Loans, later endorsed by the Bank of Italy Guidelines for Less Significant Banks, aimed at encouraging banks to define their NPL management processes and establish reduction plans to achieve NPL ratio targets in line with the regulator's expectations. Consistently with the focus on NPL, the regulation on Calendar Provisioning, amending the CRR was issued; as being a Regulation, it involves all banks, and not only significant ones (for which the ECB Addendum also applies). In addition, the new definition of default (the so-called "new Dod") has defined stricter criteria for the transition of exposures to the default status and also made the return of "cured" exposures to the performing status more difficult. The combined effect of these regulatory changes has been to make the default of counterparties not only more probable but also much more "expensive" for the banks. The natural “next step” of these regulatory changes was to "move backward" into the management process covering loan origination and monitoring . The EBA's stated objective with the issuance of the GL LOM is to define "robust and prudent" standards of lending practices so as to maintain a low level of NPLs in the future. Therefore, the focus of the GL LOM is the definition of requirements (some outlined as prescriptions, others in terms of principles) for the creditworthiness assessment of counterparties and for the management of the related data and information. Notwithstanding the fact that the Final Report has articulated the principle of proportionality much more clearly as compared to the Consultation Paper, the GLs set out three macro-categories of counterparties for which specific requirements are defined: • Individuals • Micro and small businesses • Medium and large companies. The GL LOM also provide recommendations about the valuation of guarantees both at origination and during ongoing monitoring, encouraging the use of advanced statistical models. The GL LOM focus on real estate guarantees, while financial collateral is outside the scope of the GL LOM. In the mind of the regulator, the GL LOM should not only reflect industry practices, but also incorporate the latest supervisory guidance on lending, and provide the stimulus to include ESG, AML/CTF and the use of innovative technologies into banking origination and, where applicable, monitoring processes.
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36

United States. General Accounting Office. Office of the General Counsel, ed. [ Open access same-time information system and standards of conduct]. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.

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37

Handbook of Information Management. 8th ed. Europa Publications, 2001.

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