Journal articles: 'Smile arc'

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Akyalcin, Sercan, Leslie K. Frels, Jeryl D. English, and Stephen Laman. "Analysis of smile esthetics in American Board of Orthodontic patients." Angle Orthodontist 84, no. 3 (October 25, 2013): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/072813-562.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the common denominators of an esthetically pleasing smile in patients who were considered to be successfully treated upon the submission to American Board Orthodontics (ABO) clinical examination. Material and Methods: A total of 462 patients were examined. Ninety subjects that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Standardized digital smile photographs of the subjects were rated by 30 panel members, including orthodontists, general dentists, and parents of orthodontic patients, using a numeric version of the visual analog scale. Three groups were formed using the mean esthetic score ± standard deviation range: unattractive (n = 21), average (n = 47), and attractive (n = 22) smiles. Eleven smile characteristics were digitally measured on the photographs and compared between the groups using one-way analysis of variance and χ2 tests. Additionally, regression analyses were used to investigate the association of the smile characteristics with the esthetic score. Results: A significant difference was found between the three groups for the comparison of smile arc relationship (P < .001). When all the variables used in this study were entered in the regression analysis, a positive association was found (r = 0.658; r2 = 0.434; P < .001). Additionally, two models were defined using stepwise regression. The first model included the smile arc (r = 0.478; r2 = 0.228; P < .001), and the second model had both the smile arc and right gingival display/visible dentition display ratio (r = 0.567; r2 = 0.321; P < .001). Conclusions: A harmonious smile arc relationship and less gingival display during a smile are significantly associated with smile attractiveness in patients considered successfully treated according to ABO standards.

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F., Yunus Amin, Priya R., Devaki Vijayalakshmi R., and L. Karthik. "The Influence of Smile Arc by Bracket Position Modification: A Prospective Clinical Study." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 54, no. 1 (January 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301574219886388.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of McLaughlin, Bennett, and Trevisi Bracket Positioning in patients with ideal smile arc and to assess the efficacy of McLaughlin, Bennett, and Trevisi by modifying anterior bracket position among patients with flat smile arc in pretreatment and postalignment phases. Methodology: A total of 30 subjects divided into 2 groups (group A: 15 subjects with ideal smile arc, and group B: 15 subjects with flat smile arc) were made to participate in this study. A flat smile arc was converted to an ideal smile arc in group B subjects by bracket position modification, and an ideal smile arc was maintained in group A subjects. While paired student t test was performed to find the level of significance in tip and torque values, Mann–Whitney test was used to find the mean difference in intercanine width and visual analogue scale. Results: Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to determine the statistically significant changes observed in torque in relation to all the maxillary anteriors. The results showed that tip values in maxillary lateral incisors and torque values in maxillary canines of group B were statistically significant. Conclusion: A good amount of intrusion was seen in maxillary canines, which helped in the correction of the smile arc.

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Hadi, Lina, Puspa Maya Br Sembiring, and Zulfan Muttaqin. "The Comparison of Smile Aesthetic of Males and Females Based on Buccal Corridor and Smile Arc." Dentika Dental Journal 23, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v23i1.3833.

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In performing the orthodontic treatments, patients aim to improve their smile esthetical features which are influenced by the position, size, shape, and color of teeth. However, in recent decades, several aesthetical features that have been studied are buccal corridor, smile arc, incisor display, and gingival display. In this study, 32 subjects composed of 16 males and 16 females were photographed from the front-site by using a DSLR camera within smiling states. Smile arc and buccal corridor measurements were performed via Corel Draw 12 program. The extra broad and broad characteristics were found in male subjects which were 31.2% and 18.8% respectively, while the female subjects had a higher broad proportion of 43.7% and extra broad for 6.3%. The smile arc features in male subjects were found were straight smile (34.4%) and consonant smile (15.6%), in contrast, the percentage of the female students had a higher consonant smile (31.3%) than straight smile (18.8%). This study confirmed similar findings regarding the domination of the buccal corridor broad in the female population, whereas the extra broad is dominated by males. By contrast, the smile arc consonant is dominated by females, while the straight feature is dominated by males.

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de Deus Tupinambá Rodrigues, Caroline, Romeu Magnani, Maria Salete Candido Machado, and Osmir Batista Oliveira. "The Perception of Smile Attractiveness." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/030508-131.1.

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Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the attractiveness of a smile according to variations from esthetic norms, photographic framing, and the order of the presentation of photographs. Materials and Methods: A photograph of an individual was selected and digitally manipulated to create the following smiles: an ideal control smile (I), a smile with diastema (D1), a smile with midline deviation (LM3), a smile with deviation from the long axes of the lateral incisors (10D), and a smile with an inverted smile arc (LSRV). The manipulated photographs were developed in framings of the face and of the mouth and evaluated by 20 laypeople. For half the evaluators, the presentation started with facial photographs and, for the other half, the presentation began with the mouth shots. Evaluators were asked to rank the photographs from the least to the most attractive; then, each photograph was awarded a mark (scale of 0.0 to 10.0). Results: In both presentations, the smiles I, LM3, 10D, and LSRV received favorable ratings, whereas the D1 smile got poor ratings. The photographic framings used (face vs mouth) and the order of presentation of the photographs did not influence the rankings. Conclusion: The absence of variations from beauty norms of a smile has a positive impact on its esthetic perception, but variations from the norms do not necessarily result in reduced attractiveness.

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Siti Bahirrah and Octavina Sitorus. "GAMBARAN TIPE SENYUM BERDASARKAN FOTOMETRI PADA MAHASISWA INDIA TAMIL MALAYSIA FKG USU." Dentika Dental Journal 18, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v18i3.1974.

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Masyarakat modern banyak melakukan perawatan ortodonti dengan tujuan mendapatkan keindahan senyum dan wajahyang optimal.Untuk mencapai hasil perawatan yang optimal, seorang dokter gigi perlu memahami hubungan antarakondisi gigi geligi dengan jaringan lunak wajah yang akan menampilkan karakteristik atau tipe senyum tersebut.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe senyum pada mahasiswa India Tamil Malaysia FKG USU yang dianalisisberdasarkan berdasarkan smile arc, incisor dan gingival display dan melihat ada tidaknya perbedaan tipe senyum tersebutberdasarkan jenis kelamin. Penelitian melibatkan 46 orang mahasiswa India Tamil Malaysia FKG USU yang berusia 18-30 tahun. Setiap subjek difoto dari arah frontal pada posisi kepala natural saat melakukan senyum sosial. Ketigakomponen senyum (smile arc,incisor, dan gingival display) diukur menggunakan program komputer. Uji chi-squaredilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan tipe senyum antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Distribusi tipe senyum mahasiswa IndiaTamil Malaysia FKG USU berdasarkan smile arc adalah 58,70% memiliki consonant smile, 41,30% memiliki straightsmile dan tidak ditemui adanya reverse smile. Distribusi tipe senyum,berdasarkan analisis incisor display adalah 10,90%memiliki high smile, 45,60% memiliki average smile, dan 43,50% memiliki low display. Hasil analisis gingival displaymenunjukkan bahwa tidak ada mahasiswa India Tamil Malaysia FKG USU yang memiliki gummy smile. Kesimpulan,tipe senyum terbanyak yang dimiliki mahasiswa India Tamil Malaysia FKG USU adalah consonant smile berdasarkananalisis smile arc, average smile berdasarkan analisis incisor display, dan non gummy smile berdasarkan analisis gingivaldisplay.Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tipe senyum pria dan wanita berdasarkan analisis smile arcmaupun incisor display

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Hamdan, Ahmad M., Shannon M. Lewis, Kevin E. Kelleher, Sherif N. Elhady, and Steven J. Lindauer. "Does overbite reduction affect smile esthetics?" Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 6 (July 15, 2019): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/030819-177.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare the effects of two common methods of overbite reduction on smile esthetics. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical trial was conducted with 32 patients in whom overbite reduction was achieved using a maxillary incisor intrusion arch (18 patients) or flat anterior bite plate (14 patients). Clinical and cephalometric records were compared pretreatment (T1), after overbite reduction (T2), and posttreatment (T3). Results: Both treatment groups experienced a reduction in overbite and maxillary and mandibular incisor proclination during treatment (T1–T3). The center of resistance of the maxillary incisor and the incisal edge was significantly intruded in the intrusion arch group during overbite reduction (T1–T2). However, most of the intrusion of the center of resistance was lost by the end of treatment (T2–T3). Both treatment groups experienced a reduction in maxillary incisor display and flattening of the smile arc during overbite reduction. Conclusions: Both overbite reduction methods caused a decrease in incisor display and flattening of the smile arc. Smiles were improved in some patients by the end of treatment. However, reduction in incisor display persisted. Clinicians should take precautions to prevent negative effects of overbite reduction.

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Trisnawaty, Nety. "BUCCAL CORRIDOR YANG LEBIH MENARIK PADA ESTETIK SENYUM." ODONTO : Dental Journal 4, no. 1 (August 9, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.4.1.1-6.

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Background: The objectives of orthodontic treatment are not only to obtain functional occlusion but also to improve facial and dental aesthetics. Three aspects of smile aesthetics have recently received great attention: the amount of gingival display, the presence of the smile arc, and buccal corridor spaces.The purpose of this study was to evaluation that the amount of buccal corridor on smile esthetics of dentists and dental students.Method: The population and subjects this study were dentists and dentalstudents of dental school from Faculty of Dentistry University Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama). Using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), dentists and dental students rated the attractiveness of six smiles with altered buccal corridors.Result: There was no significant different in judging the effect of buccal corridors on the smile attractiveness between dentists and dental students.Conclusion: Both the dentists and dental students preferred medium sizes of buccal corridor (buccal corridor 15%).

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Grover, Amrita, and Pankajz Madhukar. "Analysis of the Esthetic Components of Smile in a Section of North Indian Population." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 7, no. 2 (2017): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1175.

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ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the existence of different esthetic smile criteria in a section of North Indian population. Materials and methods A total of 100 students from Manav Rachna International University were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Two photographs were taken (smiling face and smile) using Digital Single Lens Reflex camera. The statistical analyses used were descriptive statistical tests and Spearman correlation after the images were analyzed using Digimizer image analysis software for different esthetic smile criteria. Results The coincidence of the facial midline with the arch midline occurred in more than half of the students. Most of the subjects presented parallelism between the incisal plane and the interpupillary line. Mostly parallel or straight smiles were also most commonly observed and the gingival display and the amount of gingival display were relatively less observed. Conclusion There exists a relationship between facial midline, interpupillary line, smile arc, gingival display, and facial esthetics. Clinical significance This article describes the existence of different esthetic smile criteria in enhancing the facial esthetics for a pleasing smile. How to cite this article Grover A, Dhawan P, Tandan P, Madhukar P. Analysis of the Esthetic Components of Smile in a Section of North Indian Population. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(2):43-47.

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Siddiqui, Noshi, Pradeep Tandon, Alka Singh, and Jitesh Haryani. "Dynamic smile evaluation in different skeletal patterns." Angle Orthodontist 86, no. 6 (May 16, 2016): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/012616-69.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate dynamic smile in different skeletal patterns and to correlate vertical smile parameters with the underlying causative factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 participants ranging in age from 16–25 years were selected and divided into one of three groups—horizontal, average, and vertical skeletal pattern—using the following three cephalometric parameters: SN-MP, FMA, and Jarabak ratio. Videographic records of smile were obtained, and measurements were recorded and analyzed at rest, including upper lip length, and during smile, including maxillary incisal display, interlabial gap, intercommisural width, change in upper lip length, and smile arc. Differences among the three groups were subjected to two-way analysis of variance and post hoc and chi-square tests for smile arc. Correlations between vertical smile variables and vertical skeletal (N-ANS, N-Me) and dental cephalometric measurements (U1 to palatal plane) were also investigated. Results: Vertical parameters were significantly increased in the vertical pattern when compared with the horizontal pattern, ie, upper lip length (P < .01), maxillary incisal display (P < .001), interlabial gap (P < .001), and change in upper lip length (P < .001), whereas intercommisural width was significantly decreased in vertical pattern when compared with the horizontal pattern (P < .001). Flat smile arc was seen more frequently in the horizontal pattern. Positive correlations were found between the N-Me, U1-PP, and change in upper lip length with vertical smile parameters. Conclusions: Different skeletal patterns exhibit their characteristic smile features. Upper lip length is not responsible for increased incisal display during smile. Increased incisal display during smile is more closely associated with upper lip elevation than vertical skeletal and dental factors.

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Sarver, David M. "The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: The smile arc." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 120, no. 2 (August 2001): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mod.2001.114301.

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Kaya, Burçak, and Ruzin Uyar. "Influence on smile attractiveness of the smile arc in conjunction with gingival display." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 144, no. 4 (October 2013): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.05.006.

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Al Taki, Amjad, Mohammed Khalesi, Muftah Shagmani, Islam Yahia, and Fatma Al Kaddah. "Perceptions of Altered Smile Esthetics: A Comparative Evaluation in Orthodontists, Dentists, and Laypersons." International Journal of Dentistry 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7815274.

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Objective. The current investigation was proposed to determine the impression of trained dental professionals and laypeople towards the modified smile esthetics.Materials and Methods. Twenty-six images were randomized in a survey and graded according to attractiveness by the orthodontists, general dentists, and laypeople. Photographs of gingival display, midline diastema, central incisor crown length, and lateral incisor crown width were manipulated with five minor changes in each. For smile arc and buccal corridor, two major changes were incorporated besides the ideal photograph. One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis of the responses were measured for each group.Results. Most evaluators opined that the ideal smile in each category was the most acceptable. Orthodontists were more perceptive and exacting in accepting variations in the smile arc and buccal corridors. Dental professionals and laypeople indicated that either complete absence or a 0.5 mm of alterations in a gingival display, midline diastema, and crown length makes a smile beautiful and pleasant. Changes in crown width were not perceivable by all the three groups.Conclusion. Eastern Arabic laymen are more conscious about alterations in gingival display, midline diastema, and crown length in their smile. Hence, the orthodontist should pay attention to these factors during any orthodontic treatment.

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Awad, Mohamed Abdelmageed, Doaa Saleh Alghamdi, and Aljawharah Talal Alghamdi. "Visible Portion of Anterior Teeth at Rest and Analysis of Different Smile Characteristics in the Saudi Population of the Jeddah Region." International Journal of Dentistry 2020 (November 26, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8859376.

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This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the degree of visibility of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth at rest in different age groups and to evaluate the smile line, smile arc, and number of maxillary teeth displayed during smiling among the Saudi population visiting King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 157 participants (77 males and 80 females) were included in this study with an age range of 19 to 69 years. All participants had maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth without restorations. Crown length and visible portions of anterior teeth at rest were measured using a Fowler Electronic Digital Caliper. Three measurements of each variable were recorded by two independent dental interns and calibrating their measurements was performed. Smile line, smile arc, and number of teeth displayed during smiling were examined. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. It was found that the average clinical crown lengths in the maxillary lateral incisor, mandibular central incisor, and canine were significantly higher in males than females. At rest position, females displayed more maxillary central and lateral incisors. The displayed length of maxillary teeth at rest is inversely proportional to increasing age; the reverse occurs in mandibular teeth. The common visibility of maxillary teeth during smiling was from the second bicuspid to its counterpart. Average smile line and consonant smile arc were the most common characteristics. It was concluded that both age and gender affect the characteristics of tooth display at rest and in smiling. These effects should be considered during treatment planning and restoration of anterior teeth to obtain a more predictable esthetic outcome.

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Krishnan, Vinod, Sunish T. Daniel, Don Lazar, and Abin Asok. "Characterization of posed smile by using visual analog scale, smile arc, buccal corridor measures, and modified smile index." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 133, no. 4 (April 2008): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.04.046.

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Johns, Francis R., Craig Vigilante, Michael J. Buckley, Peter C. Johnson, and John M. Close. "The Relationship of Facial Animation to Smile Aesthetics." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 15, no. 1 (March 1998): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689801500103.

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The aesthetics of a smile have been shown to be related to the symmetry of the smile, the curvature of the upper lip, and the arc of curvature of the lower lip to the incisal edges of the upper teeth. The present study quantitatively compares the magnitude of facial animation (as determined by the Johnson Maximal Static Response Assay) to the aesthetics of a smile in 25 subjects. The assay (software) calculates two-dimensional facial movement changes from the frontal view, as measured by the relative change in position of seven facial landmarks. Smile shape and lip fullness were also categorized. Lip fullness was the only variable found to correlate with the aesthetics of a smile. The magnitude of facial movement, smile shape, and gender did not correlate with aesthetic ratings.

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Kapoor, Pooja, Harpreet Singh, and Daljit Kapoor. "The smile arc – Are we looking for this?" Indian Journal of Dentistry 4, no. 1 (March 2013): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijd.2012.12.005.

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Paken, Gamze, and Merve Ünal. "Evaluation of Perceptions of Smile Esthetics by Dental Students." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 25, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2021-0016.

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Summary Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate in the esthetic perceptions of 2nd grade dental students before and after training. Material and Methods: A total of 16 photographs which contain golden ratio, buccal corridor, midline deviation, incisal embrasure, lip line, midline diastema, dark triangles and smile arc were shown to 78 dental students (33 male, 45 female). Immediately after the training about the smile esthetics, the same photos were shown again. The effect of gender on esthetic perception was also examined, in addition to assessing the effects of education on esthetic perception. Pearson Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact test and McNemar test were used in the analysis of the results. Results: According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the answers of the smile arc before and after the education were statistically significant (p< 0.05). Accordingly, the rate of correct answers of women is statistically higher than that of men. A statistically significant difference was found between the responses to the gingival appearance in the smile before and after the education (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the limited results of this study, professional dental education may affect the esthetic evaluation of smile. There were differences in the esthetic perception of women and men.

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Janson, Guilherme, Nuria Castello Branco, Thais Maria Freire Fernandes, Renata Sathler, Daniela Garib, and José Roberto Pereira Lauris. "Influence of orthodontic treatment, midline position, buccal corridor and smile arc on smile attractiveness." Angle Orthodontist 81, no. 1 (January 2011): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/040710-195.1.

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Amin, Erum, Mehwish Khan, Mohmmad Omer Siddiqui, Adnan Babar, Fatima Hassan, and Wajeeha Ejaz. "PERCEPTION OF ALTERED SMILE ESTHETIC AMONG DENTISTS, STUDENTS AND LAYPERSONS USING DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." PAFMJ 71, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 875–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i3.4592.

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Objective: To investigate whether there is any difference in the perception of altered smile esthetics among dentist, students and layperson. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institutes of Dentistry Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jun 2019. Methodology: A total of 120 individuals were selected among which 40 were dentists, 40 were students and 40 lay persons to evaluate smile on given questioner. An individual was photographed in frontal posed smile using a digital camera at natural head position. The photograph was digitally manipulated with minor changes and only desired area of face was framed using Adobe Photoshop CC 2018 software to generate a control and ideal smile. Series of photographs were generated by doing modifications to evaluate five variables including Smile arc, Gingival display, Buccal corridor, Midline shift and Midline diastema. The each group was also asked to rate attractiveness each picture on 5 points Visual Analog Scale (VAS) from 1- Most attractive to 5- Least attractive. Results: The p-value was for midline diastema and midline shift was <0.01. Most of the study population was females 75 (62.5%) and the mean age of participants was 27.51 ± 5.42. Significant difference was observed at VAS in flat smile arc, nil buccal corridor, mid-line shift and midline diastema by study groups. Conclusion: Perception of midline diastema and midline shift differs significantly among dentists, students and lay persons.

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Farzanegan, Fahimeh, Farzin Hearvi, Mandana Karrari, Hooman Shafaee, Touraj Vaezi, and Roozbeh Rashed. "Changes in smile morphometric indices following maxillary advancement and mandibular setback surgery in skeletal Class III patients." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 18, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v18i2.40688.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in smile morphometric indices following maxillary advancement and mandibular setback surgery in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion. Materials and Methods: Smile morphometric indices were measured on frontal rest and smile photographs of 15 female patients with skeletal Class III malocclusions before and three months after maxillary advancement and mandibular setback surgery. Pre- and post-surgery measurements were compared. Results: The amount of left and right commissural height, philtrum height, and maximum upper incisor show at rest did not change significantly three months after surgery (p>0.05). The amount of maximum upper and lower incisor show, interlabial gap, smile width and index, buccal corridor ratio, gingival display, and smile arc on the frontal smile photographs didn’t showstatistically significant difference before and after surgery (P>0.05). Conclusion: Orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion had no significant effect on rest and smile parameters from the frontal view. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.216-221

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Choudhary, Priyanka, Payal Sharma, Piush Kumar, and Shubhangi Jain. "Evaluation of smile esthetics in adults with different overjets." Journal of Dental Specialities 8, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jds.2020.018.

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Our aim was to quantitatively assess the relationship of smile esthetics variables with various types of anterior overjet (OJ) malocclusion, and identify the cephalometric factors affecting smile measurements in different types of anterior overjet malocclusion. 90 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in the Department of Orthodontics were selected for this retrospective study based upon the inclusion criteria. The patients were divided into the following groups according to their OJ: Group 1 (0-4mm), Group 2 (>4mm), Group 3 (<0mm).The upper lip height, and inter-labial gap differed significantly among the groups, whereas arc ratio, tooth number, upper midline, buccal corridor, smile index, arch form index and lower tooth exposure did not significantly among the groups. Some smile variables (upper lip height, inter-labial gap) differed significantly among different types of anterior overjet malocclusion. This study confirmed that the smile pattern varies between different types of malocclusion.

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Lira dos Santos, Elis Janaina, Alana Moura Xavier Dantas, Raíssa Marçal Vilela, Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima, and Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão. "The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics." Journal of Orthodontics 46, no. 2 (March 28, 2019): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312519839713.

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Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

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Parekh, S., HW Fields, FM Beck, and SF Rosenstiel. "The acceptability of variations in smile arc and buccal corridor space." Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 10, no. 1 (February 2007): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-6343.2007.00378.x.

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Badran, Serene A., and Mariam Mustafa. "A comparison between laypeople and orthodontists in evaluating the effect of buccal corridor and smile arc on smile esthetics." Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists 2, no. 3 (September 2013): e123-e126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2013.05.005.

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AlShahrani, Ibrahim. "Perception of professional female college students towards smile arc types and outlook about their appearance." Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry 7, no. 6 (2017): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_398_17.

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Mercado, Sively. "The psychosocial impact of the smile arc and buccal corridor in young people in southern peru." Odontología Activa Revista Científica 5, no. 3 (September 2, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31984/oactiva.v5i3.508.

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Objetivo: Determinar el impacto psicosocial del arco de la sonrisa y el corredor bucal en estudiantes de 18 a 35 años, de laFacultad de Odontología, de la Universidad Andina Nestor Cáceres Velásquez Materiales y Método: Se realizó un estudiodescriptivo, cualitativo, transversal; la muestra consistió en 130 individuos de 18 a 32 años. Se utilizó el Cuestionario deImpacto Psicosocial de Estética Dental (PIDAQ) y las fotografías de la sonrisa se tomaron en posición natural. Se evaluó elarco de la sonrisa y el corredor bucal, y se determinó el grado de satisfacción de la sonrisa en cada género.Resultados: Seencontró una relación estadísticamente significativa, donde la satisfacción de la sonrisa fue pobre en un 61,1 %, mientras queun 63,6% fue regular, siendo el más frecuente. El 30,3% fue bueno, obteniendo una relación estadísticamente significativa enel género femenino.Conclusión: en línea el vídeo que mejor se adapte a su documento.

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Castruita Cruz, Gerardo, Antonio Fernández López, and Francisco Marichi Rodríguez. "Association between the smile arc and buccal corridors with the facial biotype in subjects with normocclusion." Revista Mexicana de Ortodoncia 3, no. 1 (January 2015): e8-e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmo.2016.03.004.

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Vijay, N., K. Sadashiva Shetty, and Jayshree Dilip Daryanani. "Orthodontic-Surgical Management of a Skeletal Class II Patient with Reverse Smile Arc and Vertical Maxillary Excess." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 48 (2014): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10021-1218.

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Vijay, N., K. Sadashiva Shetty, and Jayshree Dilip Daryanani. "Orthodontic-Surgical Management of a Skeletal Class II Patient with Reverse Smile Arc and Vertical Maxillary Excess." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 48, no. 1 (March 2014): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974909820140109.

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Bhushan, Jawale, Rodrigues Lishoy, Juvvadi Shubhaker, Patil Tushar, Ambekar Anand, and Chaudhari Amit. "NON- SURGICAL CORRECTION OF GUMMY SMILE AND A COMPLETE OVERBITE IN A FEMALE PATIENT WITH A CLASS II DIVISION 2 MALOCCLUSION AND A NON CONSONANT SMILE ARC BY BITE OPENING WITHOUT EXTRACTION OF PREMOLARS - A CASE REPORT." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 957–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11177.

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Chen, Jie, Xiangquan Li, Jean-Luc Martel, François P. Brissette, Xunchang J. Zhang, and Allan Frei. "Relative Importance of Internal Climate Variability versus Anthropogenic Climate Change in Global Climate Change." Journal of Climate 34, no. 2 (January 2021): 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0424.1.

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AbstractTo better understand the role of internal climate variability (ICV) in climate change impact studies, this study quantifies the importance of ICV [defined as the intermember variability of a single model initial-condition large ensemble (SMILE)] in relation to the anthropogenic climate change (ACC; defined as multimodel ensemble mean) in global and regional climate change using a criterion of time of emergence (ToE). The uncertainty of the estimated ToE is specifically investigated by using three SMILEs to estimate the ICV. The results show that using 1921–40 as a baseline period, the annual mean precipitation ACC is expected to emerge within this century over extratropical regions as well as along the equatorial band. However, ToEs are unlikely to occur, even by the end of this century, over intratropical regions outside of the equatorial band. In contrast, annual mean temperature ACC has already emerged from the temperature ICV for most of the globe. Similar spatial patterns are observed at the seasonal scale, while a weaker ACC for boreal summer (June–August) precipitation and additional ICV for boreal winter (December–February) temperature translate to later ToEs for some regions. In addition, the uncertainty of ToE related to the choice of a SMILE is mostly less than 20 years for annual mean precipitation and temperature. However, it can be as large as 90 years for annual mean precipitation over some regions. Overall, results indicate that the choice of a SMILE is a significant source of uncertainty in the estimation of ToE and results based on only one SMILE should be interpreted with caution.

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Kalinnikov, Yu Yu, D. V. Nevrov, S. Yu Kalinnikova, and I. S. Tkachenko. "Clinical and Functional Results of a Combined Surgical Treatment of Pellucid Marginal Degeneration." Ophthalmology in Russia 18, no. 1 (April 4, 2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2021-1-54-60.

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Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results of a combined approach to the treatment of pellucid marginal degeneration, that includes femtolaser-assisted keratotomy, intrastromal lamellar keratoplasty with a use of refractive lenticule and a simultaneous intracorneal ring segment implantation, followed by a local collagen cross-linking.Patients and methods. An analysis of the outcomes of the surgical treatment performed in 20 eyes of 15 patients from 36 to 57 years old who were diagnosed with pellucid marginal degeneration in both of their eyes. During the first stage of the treatment patients underwent a femtolaser-assisted keratotomy in a steep meridian, intrastromal lamellar keratoplasty in the zone of corneal thinning and a simultaneous implantation of intracorneal ring segments with an arc-length of 80 to 160 degrees, followed by a local corneal cross-linking during the second stage. Refractive lenticules obtained during the ReLEx® SMILE procedure were used as a lamellar graft.Results. By the end of the follow-up period of 12 months the UCVA had improved from 0.1 ± 0.07 to 0.33 ± 0.23 and the BCVA from 0.4 ± 0.25 to 0.7 ± 0.28 (p < 0.05). The corneal topography demonstrated a decrease in maximum simulated keratometry values from 49.28 ± 2.57 D to 46.15 ± 1.73 D and an astigmatism reduction from 7.4 ± 3,9 D to 2.1 ± 0,53 D. The corneal thickness increased from 508.0 ± 31.0 μm to 606.0 ± 36.0 μm in the zone of the thinning.Conclusions. The analysis of the clinical outcomes has demonstrated the high efficacy of the combined approach to the treatment of pellucid marginal degeneration. The ICRS implantation allowed for a significant cylinder reduction and an improvement of visual acuity. The lamellar keratoplasty allowed for a reinforcement of the thinned cornea, and the subsequent local collagen cross-linking ensured corneal stability.

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Lishoy, Rodrigues, Jawale Bhushan, Rajani Priyal, and Kadam Aljeeta. "MANAGEMENT OF A BORDERLINE EXTRACTION CASE OF A FEMALE PATIENT HAVING A MID FACE DEFICIENCY BY NON EXTRACTION PROTOCOL WITH PROXIMAL STRIPPING FOR PROFILE IMPROVEMENT AND SMILE ARC CORRECTION- A CASE REPORT." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 649–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11144.

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Désidéri-Vaillant, Catherine, Laurence Di Costanzo, Julia Di Filipo, Jeanne Sapin-Lory, Sylvie Le Louarn, and Xavier Nicolas. "A melanesian smile…" Annales de biologie clinique 71, no. 5 (September 2013): 585–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/abc.2013.0886.

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Sekar, Aravind, Surinder Singh Rana, and Anand Bardia. "SMILE-like lesion in the anal canal." Autopsy Case Reports 11 (2021): e2021289. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/acr.2021.289.

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Bahri, Efri Syamsul, and Zainal Arif. "Analisis Efektivitas Penyaluran Zakat pada Rumah Zakat." Al Maal: Journal of Islamic Economics and Banking 2, no. 1 (July 11, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/almaal.v2i1.2642.

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Rumah Zakat is a philanthropic institution that manages zakat and infaq/alms with an average amount of zakat and infaq/alms collection for 5 (five) years from 2015-2019 amounting to IDR176,298,735,332.80, and the average amount of distribution for 5 (five) years for the period 2015-2019 amounting to IDR152,627,321,395.80. The problem in this research is how is the effectiveness of zakat distribution and charity/alms house? The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of the distribution of zakat and donations/charity at the Rumah Zakat. This research uses a literature study and quantitative method with the Allocation to Collection Ratio (ACR) ratio measurement model based on Zakat Core Principle (ZCP). The object used in this study is the financial statements of the Rumah Zakat for the period of 2010 to 2019. The results of the study show that distribution includes 8 asnaf, namely: fakir, miskin, Amil, Muallaf, Riqob, Ghorimin, Ibnu Sabil, and Fii Sabilillah, in four groups empowerment namely: Healthy Smiles, Champion Smiles, Independent Smiles, and Sustainable Smiles with an Integrated Community Development (ICD) approach that is aligned with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Based on ZCP the effectiveness of distribution for 5 years of operation is 87% or included in the Effective category, where the Alocation to Collection Ratio (ACR) reaches 70-89%. That is, zakat and donation/alms are channeled to mustahik effectively. Suggestion from this research is that Rumah Zakat can increase the effectiveness of zakat distribution with an effectiveness level above 90% so that it is included in the Highly Effective category if ACR ≥ 90 percent)

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Chen, Tao, Xiankun Jin, Randall L. Geiger, and Degang Chen. "USER-SMILE: Ultrafast Stimulus Error Removal and Segmented Model Identification of Linearity Errors for ADC Built-in Self-Test." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 65, no. 7 (July 2018): 2059–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2775632.

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Filipczak, Dorota. "Éowyn and the Biblical Tradition of a Warrior Woman." Text Matters, no. 7 (October 16, 2017): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/texmat-2017-0022.

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The article discusses the portrayal of Éowyn in Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings in the light of the biblical tradition of the warrior woman. The author focuses on the scene in which Éowyn slays the Nazgûl Lord in the battle of the Pelennor Fields with the help of Meriadoc. This event is juxtaposed against the biblical descriptions of female warriors, in particular Jael and Judith. A detailed analysis of passages from the King James Bible and the Douay-Rheims Bible, with which Tolkien was familiar, allows the reader to detect numerous affinities between his vocabulary and imagery, and their biblical antecedents. Filipczak contends that, by defending the body of the dying Théoden, Éowyn defends the whole kingdom; her action can be interpreted in the light of The King’s Two Bodies by Ernst Kantorowicz. Her threat to the Ringraith (“I will smite you if you touch him”) makes use of the verb that can be found in the descriptions of Jael and Judith in the Protestant and Catholic Bibles respectively. Furthermore, Éowyn’s unique position as a mortal woman who achieves the impossible and thus fulfills the prophecy paves the way for a comparison with the Virgin Mary, whose Magnificat contains elements of “a holy-war song” which were suppressed by traditional interpretations. Consequently, the portrayal of Éowyn blends the features of Jael, Judith and Mary with allusions to St. Joan of Arc. Moreover, her act of slaying the Ringraith’s fell beast reinterprets the story of St. George and the dragon. Filipczak argues that Éowyn’s uniqueness is additionally emphasized because she acts out Gandalf’s words from Minas Tirith and sends the Nazgûl Lord into nothingness.

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Peng, D. L., W. X. Ye, H. Peng, and X. C. Gu. "First Report of the Cyst Nematode (Heterodera filipjevi) on Wheat in Henan Province, China." Plant Disease 94, no. 10 (October 2010): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-10-0309.

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During a survey for cereal cyst nematodes from May to June of 2009, cyst nematodes were detected in four wheat-growing areas (Liying, Xuchang, Weihui, and Yanjing) of Henan Province, China. The main wheat cultivar affected was Wenmai No.4. Almost 5.3 million ha of winter wheat are grown in Henan Province and 73% of the fields surveyed were found to be infested with Heterodera avenae (2). The affected wheat fields had stunted patches. Stunted seedlings had chlorotic or necrotic lower leaves, few or no tillers, and bushy, light brown roots leading to typical witches'-broom symptoms resulting from increased rootlet emergence at the nematode invasion sites. Individual roots had a knotted appearance. Cyst nematodes obtained from soil samples and plant samples at these four locations differed from those of H. avenae and had uniform morphological and molecular characteristics. Cysts were lemon shaped and bifenestrate, with an underbridge and strongly developed bullae. The lateral field of second-stage juveniles (J2) consisted of four incisures. These characteristics indicated that the four populations were H. filipjevi, a member of the ‘H. avenae Group’ of cereal cyst nematodes (1). Key morphological features were determined for cysts and J2. Cysts (n = 15) had the following characteristics, in addition to those described above: light brown color; bifenestrate vulval cone with horseshoe-shaped fenestrate; body length (not including the neck) ranged from 690 to 790 μm (mean of 750 μm); body width ranged from 410 to 640 μm (mean of 540 μm); neck length ranged from 86 to 100 μm (mean of 96 μm); fenestrate length of 59 to 70 μm (mean of 67.7 μm) and width of 31.3 to 36.7 μm (mean of 35.2 μm); underbridge length from 59 to 71 μm (mean of 68 μm); and vulval slit from 6.9 to 8.6 μm (mean of 7.9 μm). J2 (n = 10) had the following characteristics: body length ranged from 540 to 580 μm (mean of 550 μm); stylet length from 22.5 to 24.5 μm (mean of 23.5 μm) with anchor-shaped basal knobs; tail length of 52.5 to 62.5 μm (mean of 57.7 μm); and hyaline terminal tail ranged from 32 to 39 μm (mean of 33.8 μm). The tail had a sharp terminus. Amplification of the rDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with primers TW81 and AB28 yielded a PCR fragment of 1,054 bp (3). Amplification of the D2/D3 fragments of the 28S RNA with universal primers D2A (5′-ACA AGT ACC GTG AGG GAA AGT TG-3′) and D3B (5′-TCG GAA GGA ACC AGC TAC TA-3′) yielded a PCR fragment of 782 bp. Digestion patterns of the ITS PCR fragments with AluI, CfoI, HifI, SatI, PstI, RsaI, TaqI, and Tru9I showed restriction profiles identical to that of H. filipjevi (3,4). Four ITS sequences (GU083595, GU083596, HM147944, and HM147945) and four D2D3 sequences (GU083592, GU083593, GU083594, and GU083597) from nematode samples collected in Liying, Xuchang, Weihui, and Yanjing, respectively, were submitted to GenBank. These sequences exhibited 99.4% similarity with that of H. filipjevi isolates from Germany (AY148400), Italy (AY347922), Russia (AY148401), Spain (AY148399), Tadzhikistan (AY148402), Turkey (AY148398 and AY148397), the United Kingdom (AY148403 and AF274399), and the United States (GU079654). To our knowledge, this is the first report of H. filipjevi in China. References: (1) Z. A. Handoo. J. Nematol. 34:250. 2002. (2) D. L. Peng et al. Proc. 1st Workshop Internat. Cereal Cyst Nemat. Initiative, Antalya Turkey, p. 29, 2009. (3) S. A. Subbotin et al. Nematology 1:195, 1999. (4) G. Yan and R. W. Smiley. Phytopathology 100:216, 2010.

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Adams, Katherine A., Philip Hosegood, John R. Taylor, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Scott Bachman, Ricardo Torres, and Megan Stamper. "Frontal Circulation and Submesoscale Variability during the Formation of a Southern Ocean Mesoscale Eddy." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 7 (July 2017): 1737–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0266.1.

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AbstractObservations made in the Scotia Sea during the May 2015 Surface Mixed Layer Evolution at Submesoscales (SMILES) research cruise captured submesoscale, O(1–10) km, variability along the periphery of a mesoscale O(10–100) km meander precisely as it separated from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and formed a cyclonic eddy ~120 km in diameter. The meander developed in the Scotia Sea, an eddy-rich region east of the Drake Passage where the Subantarctic and Polar Fronts converge and modifications of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) occur. In situ measurements reveal a rich submesoscale structure of temperature and salinity and a loss of frontal integrity along the newly formed southern sector of the eddy. A mathematical framework is developed to estimate vertical velocity from collocated drifter and horizontal water velocity time series, under certain simplifying assumptions appropriate for the current dataset. Upwelling (downwelling) rates of O(100) m day−1 are found in the northern (southern) eddy sector. Favorable conditions for submesoscale instabilities are found in the mixed layer, particularly at the beginning of the survey in the vicinity of density fronts. Shallower mixed layer depths and increased stratification are observed later in the survey on the inner edge of the front. Evolution in temperature–salinity (T–S) space indicates modification of water mass properties in the upper 200 m over 2 days. Modifications along σθ = 27–27.2 kg m−3 have climate-related implications for mode and intermediate water transformation in the Scotia Sea on finer spatiotemporal scales than observed previously.

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Wang, Jingjing, Mei Dong, Xiaohui He, Weihu Wang, Peng Liu, Jianliang Yang, Yan Qin, et al. "Efficacy and Safety of Gemcitabine-Based Combination Regimens in Patients with Extranodal Natural Killer/T Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3071.3071.

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Abstract Purpose Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL), is a highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with poor prognosis. For localized upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cases, radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy yields relatively favorable prognosis. In contrast, historically, cases with advanced-stage disease or involving the extra-upper aerodigestive tract (extra-UADT) are primarily treated with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy and result in poor long-term survival due to high expression of p-glycoprotein In addition, for localized UADT disease, the overall treatment failure rate is 30%-40%, with most of the relapses being distant metastases[1-2]. Therefore, effective chemotherapeutic regimens are needed for the cases metastatic UADT and extra-UADT disease. Some studies have reported the efficacy of L-asparaginase in patients with ENKTL. The use of the SMILE (steroid, methotrexate, ifosfamide, L-asparaginase, and etoposide) regimen was limited by a high rate of hypersensitivity reactions and severe myelosuppression[3-5]. Our previous study has demonstrated the high activity and low toxicity of gemcitabine-based regimens in patients with peripheral T cell lymphoma [6]. In this study, we aim to assess the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-based regimens in ENKTL patients. Patients and methods We retrospectively reviewed 54 patients with ENKTL who received gemcitabine-based regimens between January 2008 and December 2013. 34 newly-diagnosed patients and 20 refractory/relapsed patients were enrolled. There were 27 cases of early-stage and 27 cases of advanced-stage disease. GDP (gemcitabine intravenously 1250mg/m2 on days 1 and 8; cisplatin 25mg/m2 intravenously on days 1-3; and dexamethasone 20mg/d orally on days 1-4 and days 11-14) was given to 35 patients, and P-GDP (pegaspargase 2500U/m2 intramuscularly on day 8, gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin) given to 19 patients. The regimens were administered in 21--day cycles. Radical involved-field radiotherapy or palliative radiotherapy was implemented as necessary. Results A total of 237 cycles of treatment were administered and the median number of cycles per patient was 4 (range 2-8). 24 of the 27 early-stage patients and 4 of the 27 advanced-stage patients received radiotherapy. 2 patients received hematologic stem cell transplantation as consolidation treatment. The complete-remission rate, partial-remission rate, stable-disease rate and progressive-disease rate were 42.6% (23/54), 42.6% (23/54), 11.1% (6/54), and 3.7% (2/54), respectively. Higher overall response-rate was observed in newly diagnosed patients compared to refractory/relapsed patients (94.1% vs 70.0%, P = 0.044), and in patients with normal absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) than in patients with decreased ALC (93.2% vs 50.0%, P = 0.003). After a median follow-up of 17.6 months (range 2-96.8), the 1-year and 2-year overall-survival (OS) rates for all patients were 85.3% and 76.9%; the 1-year and 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates for the whole cohort were 66.5% and 54.4%. Early-stage patients tended to achieve better PFS and OS than advanced-stage patients (1-year PFS: 81.2% vs 53.1%, P = 0.086, 1-year OS: 91.7% vs 79.6%, P = 0.067). In univariate analysis, chemotherapy response, KI-67 proliferation index, ALC, and total serum protein (TSP) were found to be significant prognostic factors for PFS; chemotherapy response, IPI score, ALC, and TSP were significant prognostic factors for OS. The incidence of grade 3 and 4 adverse events was as follows: neutropenia (38.9%), thrombocytopenia (25.9%). Nausea and vomiting were common non-hematological toxicities. No grade 3 or 4 non-hematological toxicities or allergic reactions were observed. Overall, both regimens (GDP and P-GDP) were well tolerated with a substantially lower rate of acute toxicities than current treatments[3-5]. Conclusion Our clinical trial has demonstrated the high efficacy and low toxicity-profile of gemcitabine-based regimens in patients with ENKTL. Further research is warranted to elucidate its value as adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage ENKTL patients. [1] Cancer,2011,117(22):5203-11. [2] Cancer,2004,100(2):366-75. [3] Cancer Science,2008,99(5):1016-20. [4] Journal of Clinical Oncology,2011,29(33):4410-16. [5] Blood,2012,120(15):2973-80. [6] Medical Oncology,2013,30(1):1-6. Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Figure 3 Figure 3. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Jiang, Chengfei, Mingsen Lin, and Hao Wei. "A Study of the Technology Used to Distinguish Sea Ice and Seawater on the Haiyang-2A/B (HY-2A/B) Altimeter Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11121490.

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When the Haiyang-2B (HY-2B) was launched into space to form a star network with the Haiyang-2A (HY-2A), it provided new data sources for the sea ice research of the Earth’s polar regions. The ability of altimeter echoes to distinguish sea ice and sea water is usable in operational ice charting. In this research study, the level 1B (L1B) data of HY-2A/B altimeter from November 2018 was used to analyze the altimeter waveforms from the polar regions. The Suboptimal Maximum Likelihood Estimation (SMLE) and Offset Center of Gravity (OCOG) tracking packages could maintain the waveform characteristics of diffused and quasi-specular surfaces by comparison. Also, they could be utilized to distinguish sea ice from seawater in the polar regions. It was determined that the types of echoes obtained from the seawater were diffuse. Also, some “ocean-like” waveform data had existed for the old ice formations in the Arctic regions during the study period. The types of echoes obtained from Arctic sea ice were found to be mainly quasi-specular. In the present study, three methods (Threshold segmentation, K-nearest-neighbor (KNN), and Lib-Support Vector machine (LIBSVM)) with four waveform parameters (Automatic Gain Control (AGC) and Pulse Peaking (PP) values of the Ku and C Bands) were adopted to distinguish between the sea ice and seawater areas. The accuracy rate of the separation results for the LIBSVM except band Ku from HY-2B ALT was found to be less than 40% in Antarctic. Meanwhile, the other two methods were observed to have maintained the waveforms correctly at accuracy rates of approximately 80% in Antarctic and the Arctic. In addition, the observed distinguishing errors were located in the regions of the old ice of the Arctic region. In addition, due to the summer melting processes, the large number of ice floes and the snow cover had made it difficult to distinguish the seawater and sea ice in the Antarctic regions.

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Das, Saini, Arunabha Mukhopadhyay, and Bharat Bhasker. "Today’s Action is Better than Tomorrow’s Cure - Evaluating Information Security at a Premier Indian Business School." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 15, no. 3 (July 2013): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.2013070101.

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Information Security breaches today affect a large number of organizations including universities, globally. They pose an immense threat to the C-I-A (confidentiality, integrity and availability) of information. Hence, it is important to have proper Information Security Management System (ISMS) designed in accordance with industry adopted standards for risk management. The current case explores the IT infrastructure at a premier Indian business school where internet support is required round the clock. The entire ISMS framework of the organization, including security policy, security budget and network components, is described. Though the security infrastructure apparently seemed to be adequate, a spate of hacking attacks targeted at the SMTP server attempted to cripple the extremely crucial email services for the period of the attack by generating spam. The primary security challenges facing the organization including nature and appropriateness of ISMS, adequacy of the security policy, budget allocation for IT security, etc., are left open for discussion. Mr. Rajesh Ghosh1, the Chairman, Computer Advisory Committee (CAC) at the ABC Institute of Management, Lucknow (AIML)1 looked at the dark brown, wooden floor of his office, immersed in thought about the latest hacking attempts on the Institute’s network. There was a knock on his partially open office door. Mr. Deepak Jha, the Computer Centre (CC) manager stood at the door with a pile of documents in his hand, smiled and said “It is not that bad after all. Our Computer Centre employees are trying their best to handle the attack and the situation will soon be under control.” Mr. Ghosh however, was more worried than relieved. It was the computer centre’s responsibility to provide safe and secure round the clock internet facility to the entire AIML community and it had always lived up to the expectations since its inception. However, of late there have been a few minor phishing attempts on the AIML network. Though all of them had been nipped in the bud, the current spate of hacking attacks on the AIML Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server had attempted to cripple the email services of the institute for a considerable period by generating spam. Mr. Ghosh wanted to ensure that the IT infrastructure at AIML was perfect and there were no loopholes in the network. As he prepared for his meeting with the CAC members, he pondered over the challenges related to the CC operations and services.

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Abbott, Steve. "A portrait of Poisson by B. Geller and Y. Bruk, Quantum, March/April 1991, pp21–25. - In search of a definition of surface area by V. Dubrovsky, Quantum March/April 1991, pp 6—9 and p 44. - Leopold Kronecker: a great gentleman in science by Hazel Perfect, Mathematical Spectrum 24 (1) pp 1–7. - An hour's conversation with Stepen Smale, by M. Wiggins. Nonlinear Science Today, 1(1) pp 1, 3 and 12–17. - Special issue on women in mathematics, Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 38 (70) pp701–777. - A perspective on computational number theory by R.D. Silverman. Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 38(6) pp562–568. - Number theory as gadfly by B. Mazur, American Mathematical Monthly, 98(7) pp 593–610. - Large-amplitude periodic oscillations in suspension bridges: some new connections with non-linear analysis by A.C. Lazer and P.J. Mckenna, SIAM review 32(4) pp 537–578. - Analysis of a model for complex skin patterns by L.J. Shaw and J.D. Murray, SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, 50(2) pp626–648. - Managing school mathematics departments: towards better practice, by Peter Earley and Felicity Fletcher-Campbell. Educational Research, 31(2)pp98–112." Mathematical Gazette 76, no. 476 (July 1992): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025557200151514.

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Kaur, Sukhpal, Sanjeev Soni, Anil Prashar, and and Rajdeep Kaur. "Perception and Characterization of Posed Smile: A Photographic Study." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society, November 25, 2020, 030157422096341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301574220963413.

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Aims of the Study: The aims of the study are: (a) to compare the perceptions of dental specialists and laypeople regarding smile esthetics; (b) to compare male and female smile parameters; (c) to find influence of smile parameters on esthetics of smile. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) of age 18 to 25 years. Frontal posed photographs of all subjects were taken using a digital camera and rated on a visual analog scale by 10 dental specialists and 10 laypersons. Measurements made on photographs were used to analyze various parameters of smile, such as buccal corridor space, smile arc, modified smile index, anterior height of smile, most posterior maxillary tooth visible, and midline relationship of central incisors to philtrum. Results: Visual analog scale values showed that 6 photographs were rated as very good (3 males, 3 females), 29 as good (11 males, 18 females), 21 as average (13 males, 8 females), and 4 photographs were rated as bad (3 males, 1 female). A high correlation was observed between ratings of dental specialists and layperson’s ratings for both male and female smiles. Most of the subjects had non-consonant smile arc, and a high correlation was found between buccal corridor space on right and left sides in both males and females. Most of the male and female smiles had an average anterior height of smile; permanent maxillary first molar was the last tooth visible during smile (73.3% females, 66.7 males); and 55% subjects had coincident midline relationship of central incisors to philtrum. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in perception of dental specialists and laypersons regarding esthetics of smile. Smile arc and anterior height of smile influenced the esthetics of smile. No significant difference was found between male and female smile parameters except modified smile index.

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Damaryanti, Endah, Bergman Thahar, Jono Salim, and Endah Mardiati. "The differences in the objective grading system index before and after dentoskeletal class I ortodontic treatment using the standard Edgewise appliances." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 26, no. 3 (November 30, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol26no3.14002.

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Orthodontic treatment has a main purpose to reach balanced functional occlusion and create a harmonic esthetic face. But several studies indicates that orthodontic treatment influence smile esthetics, especially smile arc and buccal corridor. One-third of the treated patients showed a flat smile arc and orthodontic treatment with extraction resulted in excessive buccal corridors. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the difference of the Objective Grading System index, developed by the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) and smile aesthetics in patients with Class I dentoskeletal malocclusion before and after orthodontic treatment. Twenty dental casts, panoramic radiographs and grouped pre and post-treatment. Dental casts and panoramic radiographs are scored according to the guidelines of the Objective Grading System. Extra-oral photographs were assessed by researcher using modified Goldstein dentofacial analysis. Result of measurements were evaluated with statistical t-test. Results of the research indicates Objective Grading System index and also score of smile esthetics before and after orthodontic treatment shows difference statistically (for Objective Grading System index P = -1121 > 2.09 and for smile esthetics P = 5.15 > 2.09). But extremely weak relationship was found between Objective Grading System index and Aesthetics smiles (231).

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SEIXAS, Máyra Reis, and Carlos Alexandre CÂMARA. "The smile arc: review and synthesis." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 26, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.26.3.e21spe3.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The smile arc is an esthetic parameter that has been better investigated by Orthodontics after the “new esthetic paradigm”. Its diagnostic evaluation and inclusion in the objectives of orthodontic planning has become fundamental for professionals seeking for more beautiful and youthful natural esthetic outcomes. Objectives: To review concepts related to the smile arc, analyze the determinants of its appearance, understanding how the possible variations can affect the esthetic perception of smile.

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Marusamy, Kavitha Odathurai, Ullal Anand Nayak, Prathibha Anand Nayak, and Saravanan Ramasamy. "Smile Aesthetics among Late Adolescents: Perspective of Adolescents, General Dentists and Orthodontists." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2020/44486.13849.

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Introduction: An adolescent’s personal experiences, peer influences and social environment can affect their preference towards smile aesthetics and have influence apart from the opinion of their orthodontists. Aim: To evaluate and compare the preferences regarding smile arc, gingival display, midline symmetry, shape and size of incisor teeth, buccal corridor space and smile index of adolescent subjects between late adolescents, general dentists and orthodontists. Materials and Methods: A total of 52 orthodontists, 111 general dentists and 275 adolescents (156 females, 119 males) had participated in this cross-sectional study from 1st September 2019 to 31st January 2020. Each participant was shown a photo album consisting of 5 sets of photographs of male and female adolescent subjects and was asked to rate them on 7 selected variables. The data obtained was subjected to comparison between the groups using Chi-square test. Results: While assessing smile of the female subject, other than the incisal edge position, the intergroup comparisons of gingival display (p=0.0001), midline symmetry (p=0.0001), shape of incisor teeth (p-value=0.0001), buccal corridor space (p=0.001), ratio of central: lateral incisor (p=0.016) and smile index (p=0.0001) were statistically significant. While assessing smile of the male subject, the intergroup comparisons of incisal edge position (p=0.0001), gingival display (p=0.001), midline symmetry (p=0.007), shape of incisor teeth (p-value=0.0001), buccal corridor space (p=0.0001), ratio of central: lateral incisor (p=0.0001) and smile index (p=0.0001) were statistically significant. Orthodontists’ accepted gingival display of 0-2 mm, midline deviation up to 2 mm and buccal corridor space of upto 5 mm and upto 25% increase in smile index in both genders. Conclusion: The Orthodontists and dentists have more similarities than differences in comparison to adolescents with respect to the smile preferences of adolescent subjects.

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Singh, Swati, Litesh Singla, and Tanya Anand. "Esthetic Considerations in Orthodontics: An Overview." Dental Journal of Advance Studies, March 21, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726473.

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Abstract Esthetics has been an ever-evolving concept and has gained considerable importance in the field of orthodontics in the last few decades. The re-emergence of the soft tissue paradigm has further catapulted the interest of the orthodontist. So much so that achieving a harmonious profile and an esthetically pleasing smile has become the ideal goal of treatment and is no longer secondary to achieving a functional dental occlusion and/or a rigid adherence to skeletal and dental norms. Esthetics in the orthodontic sense can be divided into three categories: macroesthetics, miniesthetics, and microesthetics. Macroesthetics includes the evaluation of the face and involves frontal assessment and profile analysis. The frontal assessment involves assessment of facial proportions, while the profile analysis involves evaluation of anterior–posterior position of jaws, mandibular plane, and incisor prominence and lip posture. Miniesthetics involves study of the smile framework involving the vertical tooth–lip relationship, smile type, transverse dimensions of smile, smile arc, and midline. Microesthetics involves the assessment of tooth proportions, height-width relationships, connectors and embrasures, gingival contours and heights, and tooth shade and color. The harmony between these factors enables an orthodontist to achieve the idealized esthetic result and hence these parameters deserve due consideration. The importance placed on a pleasing profile cannot be undermined and the orthodontist should aim for a harmonious facial profile over rigid adherence to standard average cephalometric norms. This article aims to give an overview of the macro, mini, and microesthetic considerations in relation to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

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Gaikwad, Shashank. "Influence of Smile Arc and Buccal Corridors on Facial Attractiveness: A Cross-sectional Study." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2016/19013.8436.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Smile arc'

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