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Journal articles on the topic 'Smile in art'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Luo, He-Lin, Jinyao Lin, and Yi-Ping Hung. "Interactive Art—Smiling Buddha: Recording the Moment at Which an Observer Smiles through Sight Detection and Smile Recognition." Leonardo 52, no. 2 (April 2019): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01688.

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In the interactive installation Smiling Buddha, we aimed to “pass on” a smile from one observer to the next. Thus, we have designed a natural interactive process that keeps passing on smiles. The system captures the moment at which an observer smiles before kinetically recording the moment and saving the images. The system does not merely record an image from a single angle; instead, the device records the user’s smile from various angles during the interaction. The final smile features different angles of smiles from previous users together with the smile of the present user. After completing the interactive experience, the user’s data will be saved and transmitted to the “Smiling Database,” where the smiles of past users will then be reproduced in the display area. Through the vast quantity of smiles, we wish to achieve our core concept of “passing on a smile.”

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Lehmuskallio, Asko. "More Grimaces, Fewer Smiles: Notes on The Thin Line Between The Smile and Grimace in Photographic Depictions." Grimace, Vol. 2, no. 1 (2017): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m2.064.art.

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Grimaces are important facial expressions used in situated interactions for questioning social hierarchies and power relations. They counter the warmth of the smile and its invitation for shared foci of attention. In the photographs that surround us, the grimace is seldom to be found, whereas the smile is an almost ubiquitous expression in depictions in our “facial societies” (Macho, 2011). Interestingly, the need for depicted smiles provides us increasingly with images that depict not only smiles but, ever more, “as if” versions of smiles, facial expressions that we can identify with Goffman as “teeth grimaces”. While teeth grimaces reveal some aspects of how smiles are produced for depiction for our facial societies, the paper further suggests that we need more grimaces and fewer smiles in order to remember how social hierarchies and power relations, far from being abstract phenomena, must be constantly renegotiated in situated interactions. Keywords: communication, face, grimace, social interaction and the grimace, symbolic power and the grimace

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3

Faigin, Gary, and Wayne F. Larrabee. "The Art of the Smile." Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine 22, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpsam.2019.29008.lar.

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4

Ball, Philip. "Art: Under Mona Lisa's smile." Nature 546, no. 7656 (June 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/546032a.

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Yar, Riaz. "Smile Message : The Dying Art of Communication." Smile Dental Journal 8, no. 3 (September 2013): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0001904.

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6

Faxneld, Per. "Mona Lisa’s Mysterious Smile." Nova Religio 19, no. 4 (May 1, 2016): 14–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2016.19.4.14.

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The article discusses the view, held by many nineteenth-century authors, of Leonardo da Vinci as an esotericist, and his La Gioconda as mysterious, sinister and filled with hidden signs. This “esoterization” of the painting and its creator was part of a broader tendency to view artists, both historical and contemporary, as magicians and mystics in some sense. Hereby, art became integrated into the endeavors of various esoteric groups and thinkers, and an originally secular Renaissance work was absorbed into a nineteenth-century “occulture” or “cultic milieu.”

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7

Ionescu-Lungu, Andreea-Virginia, Mihnea Iacob, and Irina Nicoleta Zetu. "Smile aesthetics appreciated by laypersons." STOMATOLOGY EDU JOURNAL 2, no. 1 (2015): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2015.2(1).art.2.

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8

Sonstroem, David. "TEETH IN VICTORIAN ART." Victorian Literature and Culture 29, no. 2 (September 2001): 351–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150301002066.

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IF JOURNAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE ERAS reflect their times truly, Victorians and their predecessors did not manage their faces as we do ours. We of the twenty-first century grin or grimace without restraint, but the Victorians checked the impulse to show their teeth. When we engage in an unguarded smile, our show of teeth is intended and taken to mean merely that we are in good spirits or good company. Pictorial evidence indicates that when the Victorians did likewise, the expression held other meaning.

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Levrini, Luca, Silvia Croce, Sanda Mihaela Popescu, Marian-Vladimir Constantinescu, Riccardo Botta, and Francesca Cattoni. "Current perspectives on digital smile design." STOMATOLOGY EDU JOURNAL 5, no. 4 (2018): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).art.3.

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10

Glover, S. "Facial reanimation: to smile or not to smile: the art of facial rehabilitation post reanimation surgery." Physiotherapy 107 (May 2020): e106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.151.

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11

Kawulok, Michal, Jakub Nalepa, Jolanta Kawulok, and Bogdan Smolka. "Dynamics of facial actions for assessing smile genuineness." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): e0244647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244647.

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Applying computer vision techniques to distinguish between spontaneous and posed smiles is an active research topic of affective computing. Although there have been many works published addressing this problem and a couple of excellent benchmark databases created, the existing state-of-the-art approaches do not exploit the action units defined within the Facial Action Coding System that has become a standard in facial expression analysis. In this work, we explore the possibilities of extracting discriminative features directly from the dynamics of facial action units to differentiate between genuine and posed smiles. We report the results of our experimental study which shows that the proposed features offer competitive performance to those based on facial landmark analysis and on textural descriptors extracted from spatial-temporal blocks. We make these features publicly available for the UvA-NEMO and BBC databases, which will allow other researchers to further improve the classification scores, while preserving the interpretation capabilities attributed to the use of facial action units. Moreover, we have developed a new technique for identifying the smile phases, which is robust against the noise and allows for continuous analysis of facial videos.

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12

Murelli, M. "The Smile of Tragedy: Nietzsche and the Art of Virtue." British Journal of Aesthetics 53, no. 4 (January 28, 2013): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesthj/ays089.

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13

Cambridge, Matt. "The Centaur's Smile: The Human Animal in Early Greek Art." Art Book 12, no. 1 (January 26, 2005): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8357.2005.t01-6-00492.x.

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14

Frey, Bruno S. "Give Your Workers Something to Smile About: The Economics of Happiness." IESE Insight, no. 4 (March 15, 2010): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/002.art-1649.

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15

Nguyen, Chi Cuong, Giang Son Tran, Thi Phuong Nghiem, Jean-Christophe Burie, and Chi Mai Luong. "Real-Time Smile Detection using Deep Learning." Journal of Computer Science and Cybernetics 35, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1813-9663/35/2/13315.

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Real-time smile detection from facial images is useful in many real world applications such as automatic photo capturing in mobile phone cameras or interactive distance learning. In this paper, we study different architectures of object detection deep networks for solving real-time smile detection problem. We then propose a combination of a lightweight convolutional neural network architecture (BKNet) with an efficient object detection framework (RetinaNet). The evaluation on the two datasets (GENKI-4K, UCF Selfie) with a mid-range hardware device (GTX TITAN Black) show that our proposed method helps in improving both accuracy and inference time of the original RetinaNet to reach real-time performance. In comparison with the state-of-the-art object detection framework (YOLO), our method has higher inference time, but still reaches real-time performance and obtains higher accuracy of smile detection on both experimented datasets.

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Barclay, Alison E. "The Centaur's Smile: The Human Animal in Early Greek Art (review)." University of Toronto Quarterly 74, no. 1 (2004): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/utq.2005.0001.

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17

Gupta, S., A. Agrawal, P. Tavane, M. Gundappa, M. Dibyendu, and S. Dimri. "Selfiedontics: The Art Of Selfies Combining Cosmetic Dentistry." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 10, no. 3 (2016): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-10-3-87.

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ABSTRACT Cosmetic dentistry has gone through potential transformations over the years. Various techniques have now been established to analyze the smile digitally and, to simulate the “Before and After” in a particular case. Selfiedontics defines the amalgamation of selfie-culture with clinical practice of dentistry. Use of selfie should not only be restricted to social platform, but also to educate the patient about his own dental status, and even in treatment planning. This article focuses on the combination of digital dentistry with that of the cosmetic or esthetic dentistry.

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18

Adour, Kedar K. "Mona Lisa Syndrome: Solving the Enigma of the Gioconda Smile." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 98, no. 3 (March 1989): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948909800306.

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The Mona Lisa smile is presented as a possible example of facial muscle contracture that develops after Bell's palsy when the facial nerve has undergone partial wallerian degeneration and has regenerated. The accompanying synkinesis would explain many of the known facts surrounding the painting and is a classic example of Leonardo da Vinci as the compulsive anatomist who combined art and science.

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19

Chakravarty, Ambar. "Mona Lisa’s smile: A hypothesis based on a new principle of art neuroscience." Medical Hypotheses 75, no. 1 (July 2010): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2010.01.032.

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20

Winkler-Horaček, Lorenz. "J. Michael Padgett (Ed.): The Centaur’s Smile. The Human Animal in Early Greek Art." Gnomon 79, no. 2 (2007): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/0017-1417_2007_2_145.

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21

Clementi, F. K. "Nightbirds, Nightmares and the Mothers' Smile: Art and Psychoanalysis in Sarah Kofman's Life-Writing." Women in French Studies 19, no. 1 (2011): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wfs.2011.0023.

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22

Nahabedian, V. "The art of treatment planning: dental and medical approaches to the face and smile." British Dental Journal 209, no. 6 (September 2010): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.879.

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23

Blatz, M. B., G. Chiche, O. Bahat, R. Roblee, C. Coachman, and H. O. Heymann. "Evolution of Aesthetic Dentistry." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 12 (October 21, 2019): 1294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519875450.

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One of the main goals of dental treatment is to mimic teeth and design smiles in a most natural and aesthetic manner, based on the individual and specific needs of the patient. Possibilities to reach that goal have significantly improved over the last decade through new and specific treatment modalities, steadily enhanced and more aesthetic dental materials, and novel techniques and technologies. This article gives an overview of the evolution of aesthetic dentistry over the past 100 y from a historical point of view and highlights advances in the development of dental research and clinical interventions that have contributed the science and art of aesthetic dentistry. Among the most noteworthy advancements over the past decade are the establishment of universal aesthetic rules and guidelines based on the assessment of natural aesthetic parameters, anatomy, and physiognomy; the development of tooth whitening and advanced restorative as well as prosthetic materials and techniques, supported by the pioneering discovery of dental adhesion; the significant progress in orthodontics and periodontal as well as oral and maxillofacial surgery; and, most recently, the implementation of digital technologies in the 3-dimensional planning and realization of truly natural, individual, and aesthetic smiles. In the future, artificial intelligence and machine learning will likely lead to automation of aesthetic evaluation, smile design, and treatment-planning processes.

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24

Teague, Ed. "SMILE OF THE BUDDHA: EASTERN PHILOSOPHY AND WESTERN ART FROM MONET TO TODAY. Jacquelynn Baas." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 25, no. 1 (April 2006): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.25.1.27949416.

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25

Addison, Roger M. "Performance-Focused Smile Sheets: A Radical Rethinking of a Dangerous Art Form, by Will Thalheimer." Performance Improvement 55, no. 5 (May 2016): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pfi.21576.

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26

MARKOWITZ, SALLY. "Smile of the Buddha: Eastern Philosophy and Western Art from Monet to Todayby baas, jacquelynn." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 65, no. 2 (March 2007): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-594x.2007.00253_7.x.

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27

Onians, John. "Art, the visual imagination and neuroscience: The Chauvet Cave, Mona Lisa's smile and Michelangelo's terribilitá." Cortex 105 (August 2018): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.009.

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28

Davies, Bronwyn. "The Persistent Smile of the Cheshire Cat: Explorations in the Agency of Matter Through Art-Making." Qualitative Inquiry 26, no. 7 (November 22, 2018): 707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800418809742.

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This paper explores the agency of matter itself and the active role that materiality plays in the workings of power. In an intra-active encounter with art-making, the author re-turns to the death of an intimate other, opening up a movement toward a new materialist sense of response-ability.

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Sharapenkova, Natalia, and Polina Iakusheva. "THE GOD-SEEKING IN PÄR LAGERKVIST’S PROSE." Studia Humanitatis 17, no. 4 (December 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j12.art.2020.3664.

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Thematic justification for the article is the growing interest of researchers for so called minor literatures, including Swedish literature, as well as for the philosophical and religious themes in literary texts. The choice of topic is also motivated by the small number of research papers on Pär Lagerkvist’s works in Russian, despite the importance of his legacy for global culture. The goal of the article is to analyze the motif of god-seeking in Pär Lagerkvist’s prose and its transformation throughout his body of work. In the article the following conclusions are drawn: The motif of God-seeking, which is linked to the search for the truth and answers to eternal questions, plays an important role in P. Lagerkvist’s works, and its transformation reflects the evolution of his religious and philosophical views. While in the beginning of his literary career Lagerkvist thought it possible to give answers to eternal questions, later in his life searching and doubt themselves take on greater and greater importance and are interpreted as the human condition. The article offers a classification of the motif of god-seeking in relation to P. Lagerkvist’s body of work: outer (“The Eternal Smile”, “The Hangman”) and inner manifestations (“Barabbas”, “Guest of Reality”). In relation to the motif of god-seeking an especial importance of the figure of Jesus Christ, who symbolizes the humanistic and Christian ideal, is noted as one of the key elements of P. Lagerkvist’s poetic style.

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Wild-Wood, Emma. "“Se Débrouiller” or the Art of Serendipity in Historical Research." History in Africa 34 (2007): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2007.0024.

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A school has no textbooks: the teachers are told “débrouillez-vous,” use the notes you took as a pupil. The pickup truck breaks down and will go no further: the passengers realize they will have to find another way home— “débrouillons-nous.” A resourceful man, who has learnt to turn his hand to a variety of things in order to survive, gives his job description with a smile as “débrouillard.” In the Democratic Republic of Congo the phrase “se débrouiller” has entered the realm of myth, joke, and national identity. The French words even puncture conversations in vernaculars. Congo has suffered from a long history of colonial oppression, economic mismanagement, political dictatorship, and most recently violent internal warfare.The Congolese know that they must learn how to manage on their own, to sort things out by themselves, to cope somehow, to get by. Such is the necessity of being able to deal with the unexpected or the unfortunate that Congolese joke—and many sincerely believe—that “débrouillez-vous” the “golden rule of resourcefulness” is written into the constitution. In a difficult situation they will remind each other of “Article Quinze.” Congolese people understand themselves as those who endure hardship, but have the resilience to rise to whatever comes their way, to cope with the unexpected. Indeed, so often does the unexpected occur that managing events as they happen rather than planning ahead for events that might not happen often seems the most effective way to cope with life.

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Ajlouni, Raed. "The Art of the Smile: Integrating Prosthodontics, Orthodontics, Periodontics, Dental Technology, and Plastic Surgery in Esthetic Dental Treatment." Journal of Prosthodontics 15, no. 2 (March 2006): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849x.2006.00089_2.x.

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Levin, E. "The art of the smile: Integrating prosthodontics, orthodontics, periodontics, dental technology and plastic surgery in esthetic dental treatment." British Dental Journal 199, no. 6 (September 2005): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4812800.

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Jacobson, Alex. "The art of the smile: Integrating prosthodontics, orthodontics, periodontics, dental technology, and plastic surgery in esthetic dental treatment." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 128, no. 5 (November 2005): 674–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.08.007.

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Cerghizan, Diana, Tatiana Branasco, Isabella Cristina Brujbu, Vasilica Toma, and Cristina Iordache. "Restoration the Dent- stomato-facial Aesthetic Balance, a Target of Dental Therapy, Regardless the Patient`s Age." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 10 (November 15, 2017): 2358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.10.5885.

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For centuries, literature and art have indicated that the smile has its own beauty and that it has an essential role in facial aesthetics. The principles associated with the discovered systems make it easier for the dentist to achieve superior aesthetics. The aesthetic and prosthetic importance of the teeth is substantial, which makes all the methods of treatment - essential. The smile is one of the expressions of the human face that influences our image and relationships with others. The self-confidence, the satisfaction of a pleasant appearance and the charisma of a jovial person conquer at first sight and categorically represent an asset. Dental cosmetics became more complex, much more an art than science; through it, each of us have the ability to change the appearance of the teeth. We can expect different recognition and appreciation abilities in terms of optimal dento-facial aesthetics by partial or total edentulous patients. The characteristic of dental-facial aesthetics are somewhat related to civilization, origin and geographical area. The restoration of the dental-somato-facial aesthetic balance represents a desideratum of dental therapy regardless of age. A good knowledge of the principles of evaluation of the dental and somato-facial aesthetic equilibrium as well as of the principles and individualized restoration methods can provide the dentist with success in the therapeutic approach. The study was conducted on a group of 71 patients, between 2015-2016, belonging to different social backgrounds and age categories. Treatments needed for the clinical situations in the investigated study lot were grouped into: two or more obturations (with the highest weight in the investigated clinical situations), followed step by step by: fixed prosthesis-microprosthesis or aggregation element, fixed prosthesis deck body; endodontic treatment; extractions. The need for treatment at the level of the frontal group is represented primarily by obturation, followed by conjunctions (unidirectional prostheses or aggregation elements). Extractions also occupy an important place.

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Deutsch, Francine M., Dorothy LeBaron, and Maury March Fryer. "What is in a Smile?" Psychology of Women Quarterly 11, no. 3 (September 1987): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00908.x.

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Women have been observed to smile more than men in a variety of social contexts. In order to investigate the consequences of this sex difference for the way men and women are perceived, male and female college students rated the characteristics of men and women depicted in verbal descriptions accompanied by photographs in which they either smiled or did not smile. In control conditions these targets were rated without accompanying photographs. The findings showed that the absence of smiles had a greater impact on perceptions of women than on perceptions of men. When not smiling, women were perceived as less happy, less carefree and less relaxed than were men. Moreover, nonsmiling women were rated less happy, less warm, less relaxed and less carefree than the average woman, whereas smiling men were rated more favorably on those traits than the average man. These results suggest that different standards are applied to men and women. If women fail to perform expressive and warm nonverbal behavior, they will be evaluated more harshly than men.

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Hu, Tung-Hui, and Elisa Giardina Papa. "How AI Manufactures a Smile: Tung-Hui Hu Interviews Artist Elisa Giardina Papa on Digital Labor." Media-N 16, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.median.v16i1.360.

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This conversation between scholar and poet Tung-Hui Hu and artist Elisa Giardina Papa addresses new forms of precarious labor emerging within artificial intelligence economies. Together they examine a global infrastructure of low-paid human microworkers who “clean” data and train machine vision algorithms, labelling, categorizing, annotating, and validating massive quantities of visual data. Hu and Giardina Papa discuss methods and psychological theories underpinning affective computing in the context of Giardina Papa’s latest art project, which explores the labor of producing and cleansing data sets of human expressions. A number of AI systems that supposedly recognize, interpret, and simulate human affects base their algorithms on flawed understandings of human emotions as universal, authentic, and transparent. Increasingly, tech companies and American government agencies like the Transportation Security Administration are leveraging this supposed transparency to develop software that identifies, on the one hand, consumers’ moods and, on the other hand, potentially dangerous airline passengers. In this exchange, Hu and Giardina Papa consider both the historical and present-day implications of this demand for legibility and transparency.

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Fathinnaufal, Martsel, and Dian Hidayati. "The Implementation of Character Education In Elementary School." Journal of Educational Management and Leadership 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jeml.1.2.31-38.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of character education at 006 State Elementary School. The type of research used was qualitative. The subjects in this study were principals. Data collection techniquesin this study used interview techniques and data documentation, besides the data analysis techniques through data collection and data reduction. The results of this study were: Implementation of character education in Public Elementary School 006 has been going well, this based on the results of interviews with principals that in the civilization process students pray before starting learning activities, taking pickets alternately with classmates, reviving greetings culture greet and smile, visit sick friends, donate to areas affected by natural disasters, conduct Dhuhr prayer at school, commemorate national and religious holidays and this is also supported by extracurricular activities that reflect character education such as scouts, art, dance, and sports.

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Sover, Arie, and Orna Ben-Meir. "Humour, food and fashion: The use of humour and food in fashion shows." European Journal of Humour Research 5, no. 1 (May 29, 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2017.5.1.sover.

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This article is the first study that researches the combination of three components: humour, food and fashion. It is based on an analysis of three unique fashion shows whose designer is the American Jeremy Scott; two under his brand, and the third as an art director for the Italian brand Moschino. The three shows connect these three components, while presenting the culmination of a food-humour theme in contemporary fashion, which had started with Moschino’s brand founder, Franco Moschino, in the nineties. Combining food and fashion is relevant in contemporary culture as it compares consumption of fast food to that of fast fashion. The link between laughter and food is ancient. A few days after birth, there are buds of a smile on a baby’s face, expressing its satisfaction with food. Smiles and even laughter often occur throughout a person’s life in the context of delicious food. The uniqueness of the above-mentioned fashion shows is not humour in itself, but rather its combination with food and fashion, the two seemingly different. The combination of these three components creates a cognitive challenge for the fashion spectators. We thus argue that this threesome constitutes an important, creative breakthrough in fashion. One of humour’s important functions is to challenge social, cultural and aesthetic norms. As thus it has been infiltrated into fashion shows since the 1980s, as a norm-breaker, but also as a marketing strategy. This article discusses the cultural function of food and humour in fashion shows, from a cultural semiotic methodology.

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LAMBERT, PHILIP. "Brian Wilson’s Pet Sounds." Twentieth-Century Music 5, no. 1 (March 2008): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478572208000625.

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AbstractPet Sounds, the landmark Beach Boys album of 1966, has received wide acclaim as one of rock’s first ‘concept albums’. It also represents a milestone in the artistic evolution of the group’s primary creative force, Brian Wilson. A thorough examination of the texts and music of the songs of Pet Sounds reveals a unified art work projecting a coherent textual narrative. Songs are associated and interrelated via recurrent motives and harmonic patterns, expressing extremely personal themes of romance and heartbreak. The musical ideas are mostly culminations of Brian Wilson’s earlier work – they are the ‘pet sounds’ that he had been raising and nurturing since the early 1960s – but they appear here in an unprecedented artistic context. Despite Wilson’s continued, if sporadic, productivity in the decades that followed, including the ill-fated Smile project, Pet Sounds stands as his crowning artistic achievement, an album with vast appeal and broad influence.

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Fan, Di, Hyunwoo Kim, Jummo Kim, Yunhui Liu, and Qiang Huang. "Multi-Task Learning Using Task Dependencies for Face Attributes Prediction." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 21, 2019): 2535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122535.

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Face attributes prediction has an increasing amount of applications in human–computer interaction, face verification and video surveillance. Various studies show that dependencies exist in face attributes. Multi-task learning architecture can build a synergy among the correlated tasks by parameter sharing in the shared layers. However, the dependencies between the tasks have been ignored in the task-specific layers of most multi-task learning architectures. Thus, how to further boost the performance of individual tasks by using task dependencies among face attributes is quite challenging. In this paper, we propose a multi-task learning using task dependencies architecture for face attributes prediction and evaluate the performance with the tasks of smile and gender prediction. The designed attention modules in task-specific layers of our proposed architecture are used for learning task-dependent disentangled representations. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed network by comparing with the traditional multi-task learning architecture and the state-of-the-art methods on Faces of the world (FotW) and Labeled faces in the wild-a (LFWA) datasets.

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Liu, Yuanyuan, Xingmei Li, Fang Fang, Fayong Zhang, Jingying Chen, and Zhizhong Zeng. "Visual Focus of Attention and Spontaneous Smile Recognition Based on Continuous Head Pose Estimation by Cascaded Multi-Task Learning." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 33, no. 07 (June 7, 2019): 1940006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001419400068.

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Multi-person Visual focus of attention (M-VFOA) and spontaneous smile (SS) recognition are important for persons’ behavior understanding and analysis in class. Recently, promising results have been reported using special hardware in constrained environment. However, M-VFOA and SS remain challenging problems in natural and crowd classroom environment, e.g. various poses, occlusion, expressions, illumination and poor image quality, etc. In this study, a robust and un-invasive M-VFOA and SS recognition system has been developed based on continuous head pose estimation in the natural classroom. A novel cascaded multi-task Hough forest (CM-HF) combined with weighted Hough voting and multi-task learning is proposed for continuous head pose estimation, tip of the nose location and SS recognition, which improves accuracies of recognition and reduces the training time. Then, M-VFOA can be recognized based on estimated head poses, environmental cues and prior states in the natural classroom. Meanwhile, SS is classified using CM-HF with local cascaded mouth-eyes areas normalized by the estimated head poses. The method is rigorously evaluated for continuous head pose estimation, multi-person VFOA recognition, and SS recognition on some public available datasets and real-class video sequences. Experimental results show that our method reduces training time greatly and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for both performance and robustness with an average accuracy of 83.5% on head pose estimation, 67.8% on M-VFOA recognition and 97.1% on SS recognition in challenging environments.

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Thibault, Pascal, Manon Levesque, Pierre Gosselin, and Ursula Hess. "The Duchenne Marker is Not a Universal Signal of Smile Authenticity – But it Can Be Learned!" Social Psychology 43, no. 4 (January 2012): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000122.

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The Duchenne marker has been proposed as a universal marker of smile authenticity. However, Elfenbein, Beaupré, Levesque, and Hess (2007 ) found that, whereas Canadians typically show the Duchenne marker when posing happiness, Gabonese do not. We therefore investigated whether the Duchenne marker is perceived as a marker of smile authenticity by Gabonese and by Mainland Chinese living in Quebec, Canada. The results show that Gabonese do not use the Duchenne marker to assess smile authenticity at all. Mainland Chinese immigrants to Quebec showed sensitivity to the Duchenne marker only when judging smiles by French-Canadian encoders, suggesting learning of the use of this cultural dialect through cultural exposure. In sum, the use of Duchenne marker is not universal, but rather limited to certain cultures.

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Brandão, Roberto Carlos Bodart, and Larissa Bustamente Capucho Brandão. "Finishing procedures in Orthodontics: dental dimensions and proportions (microesthetics)." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 18, no. 5 (October 2013): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512013000500006.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present article is to describe procedures that can be performed to achieve excellence in orthodontic treatment finishing. The content is limited to microesthetics, which comprises the concept of ideal dental dimensions and proportions (white esthetics) and its correlation with the periodontium (pink esthetics). Standards of normality are described both in their real dimensions (dental height and width), and in those effectively perceived by the observer, the virtual dimensions. METHODS: The best scientific evidence was sought in the literature to support the clinical procedures that must guide the professional to obtain maximum esthetic quality on their treatments. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate what the other specialties in Dentistry expect from Orthodontics and, specially, what they have to offer. Clinical cases will be used to illustrate the dental movement that might maximize treatment outcome and to confront the ideal standards with the current state of the art. CONCLUSION: Treatment quality is directly related to the amount of procedures implemented by the orthodontist, associated with concepts and resources from Periodontics and Dental Prosthesis. Microesthetics cannot be seen in isolation, but rather as the key to establish a pleasant smile (miniesthetics) in addition to a harmonious face (macroesthetics) and a human being with high self-esteem (hyper-esthetics).

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Farnell, Damian J. J., Jennifer Galloway, Alexei I. Zhurov, Stephen Richmond, David Marshall, Paul L. Rosin, Khtam Al-Meyah, Pertti Pirttiniemi, and Raija Lähdesmäki. "What’s in a Smile? Initial Analyses of Dynamic Changes in Facial Shape and Appearance." Journal of Imaging 5, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5010002.

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Single-level principal component analysis (PCA) and multi-level PCA (mPCA) methods are applied here to a set of (2D frontal) facial images from a group of 80 Finnish subjects (34 male; 46 female) with two different facial expressions (smiling and neutral) per subject. Inspection of eigenvalues gives insight into the importance of different factors affecting shapes, including: biological sex, facial expression (neutral versus smiling), and all other variations. Biological sex and facial expression are shown to be reflected in those components at appropriate levels of the mPCA model. Dynamic 3D shape data for all phases of a smile made up a second dataset sampled from 60 adult British subjects (31 male; 29 female). Modes of variation reflected the act of smiling at the correct level of the mPCA model. Seven phases of the dynamic smiles are identified: rest pre-smile, onset 1 (acceleration), onset 2 (deceleration), apex, offset 1 (acceleration), offset 2 (deceleration), and rest post-smile. A clear cycle is observed in standardized scores at an appropriate level for mPCA and in single-level PCA. mPCA can be used to study static shapes and images, as well as dynamic changes in shape. It gave us much insight into the question “what’s in a smile?”.

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Gladstone, Gemma, and Gordon Parker. "When You're Smiling does the Whole World Smile for You?" Australasian Psychiatry 10, no. 2 (June 2002): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1665.2002.00423.x.

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Objective: To summarise and review findings from a longitudinal study examining the predictive significance of authentic smiling. Conclusions: A smile captured at one point in time (i.e. in a college photograph) was modestly but significantly associated with less self-reported negative emotionality and more perceived self-competence in a sample of women followed up over several years. Smiling also had a favourable influence upon observer judgements, with subjects who smiled being judged as more likeable and approachable than non-smilers and non-authentic smilers. Authentic smiling in adults is probably a behavioural marker of various helpful or protective psychological qualities fuelled at least moderately by temperament. Variation exists in smiling behaviour like it does in any other individual difference, but the very act of smiling might even serve as a kind of self-fulfilling prophecy - so smile more, but don't fake it!

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Madhu, Priyanka Paul. "AN OVERVIEW: INSIGHT OF DENTAL BLEACHING AGENTS." Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 10, no. 4 (September 15, 2021): 3182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jmpas.v10i4.1253.

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The virtue of the "perfect smile" is an easily achievable task with a better understanding of materials and diseases as well as advances in technology. Discoloured teeth can often be completely or partially corrected by whitening as it is conservative, non-invasive, and inexpensive, it is the treatment protocol of choice for the masses. Hydrogen and carbamide peroxides have been used successfully for many years; the teeth whitening technique has changed several times over the past century, and nearly 10 years before the new millennium, the technique was finally recognized by international regulatory agencies. It is important that dentists handle peroxides with a basic knowledge as it has been shown that the results will give satisfactory results. This technique depends on correctly diagnosing the stains, handling the substrates (enamel and dentin), and sensitivity. Dentists are exposed to a wide variety of teeth whitening techniques, products, and brands, and mild peroxide activation devices have been developed over the past two decades. The art is also currently subject to change depending on the effectiveness of the various light sources inactivating peroxide and their relationship to satisfactory end results. To achieve instant whitening without risk or relapse, innovative technologies and promising products have been developed. This article is intended to keep up to date with these new trends providing insight into the current clinical challenges of vital teeth whitening. The purpose of this literature review is to explain the determining factors influencing the successful end-results of the techniques and to provide an overview in order to make an evidence-based treatment decision.

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Parajuli, Ramesh. "Laws Regulating Ayurveda Medicine in Nepal: Critical Study." Healer 1, no. 1 (September 17, 2020): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51649/healer.10.

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The future of healthy and prosperous Nepal lies in Ayurved rather than Allopathy. Most of the allopathy drugs in Nepal are imported foreign drugs that not only take away our currency but even leave numerous side-effects to patients in the name of curing one particular illness. It is a truthAllopathy is more effective in emergency medical condition for speedy cure. But, the value of ayurveda in preventing people from getting sick is incomparable. By applying the principles of ayurveda in our way of living and by introducing standard ayurveda practices as school level education curriculum of Nepal, we can create healthier Nepal, prosperous Nepal, and selfdependent Nepal. Medicinal values inherent in herbs and raw materials that nature has gifted to us, that grow densly in our garden, jungles, heavenly soil needs to be massively marketed in domestic and international pharmaceutical industry. Herbs and raw materials that we are supplying since long to world cheaply are coming back to Nepal as expensive tablets and packets. Our Health system though recognizes ayurveda, unani and allopathy as three medical systems, government's over attention to allopathy and neglect to ayurveda has brought smile into the faces of medical mafia who want to extend their allopathy market by using all means for commercial motive. Though Ayurveda medicine takes longer time to cure illness and restore health in comparison with allopathic medicine, ayurveda, if made our way of life and art of living, our families, societies and nations will get much healthier. Ayurvedic mode of health care and treatment modality has to be generalized and allopathy is to be limited only in exceptional situation where allopathy is inevitable for restoration of health loss.

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Cheng, Yimin, Anirban Mukhopadhyay, and Patti Williams. "Smiling Signals Intrinsic Motivation." Journal of Consumer Research 46, no. 5 (June 4, 2019): 915–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucz023.

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Abstract The nature of a person’s motivation (whether it is intrinsic or extrinsic) is a key predictor of how committed they are to a task, and hence how well they are likely to perform at it. However, it is difficult to reliably communicate and make inferences about such fine nuances regarding another person’s motivation. Building on the social functional view of emotion and the evolutionary and psychophysical characteristics of facial expression of emotions, this research suggests that displayed enjoyment, as evidenced by the size and type of someone’s smile, can serve as a strong nonverbal signal of intrinsic motivation. Taking the perspective of both actors and observers, five studies show that people infer greater intrinsic motivation when they see others display large Duchenne (vs. small) smiles, and that actors intuit this relationship, strategically displaying larger and more Duchenne-like smiles if they have an accessible goal to signal intrinsic (vs. extrinsic or no specific) motivation.

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Disch, Thomas M. "Smile!" Hudson Review 46, no. 4 (1994): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3852120.

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Okun, Michael S., Dawn Bowers, Utaka Springer, Nathan A. Shapira, Donald Malone, Ali R. Rezai, Bart Nuttin, et al. "What's in a “Smile?” Intra-operative Observations of Contralateral Smiles Induced by Deep Brain Stimulation." Neurocase 10, no. 4 (August 2004): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13554790490507632.

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