Academic literature on the topic 'Smith-Pickle'

Neste estudo, apresentamos e discutimos o paradigma dos Sistemas Adaptativos Complexos (THELEN; SMITH, 1994; LARSEN-FREEMAN, 1997) com o modelo dos Exemplares (BYBEE, 2001, 2016)como uma abordagem alternativa para explicar o fenômeno puzzle-puddle-pickle (PPP), caracterizado por contextos em que a criança se mostra capaz de produzir determinado segmento, mas falha em outro. Para isso analisamos tokens de uma criança que desenvolve o português brasileiro entre 1 a 2 anos. Após análise dos dados, mostramos que se trata de um fenômeno de baixa frequência e que não tem relação com templates operantes, i.e rotinas articulatórias iniciais. Por essa razão, o modelo multirepresentacional dos Exemplares, que leva em consideração aspectos de diferentes componentes linguísticos e extralinguísticos, apresenta vantagens na sua abordagem.

Phonological chain shifts have been the focus of many theoretical, developmental, and clinical concerns. This paper considers an overlooked property of the problem by focusing on the typological properties of the widely attested ‘s>θ>f’ chain shift involving the processes of Labialization and Dentalization in early phonological development. Findings are reported from a cross-sectional study of 234 children (ages 3 years; 0 months–7;9) with functional (nonorganic) phonological delays. The results reveal some unexpected gaps in the predicted interactions of these processes and are brought to bear on the evaluation of recent optimality theoretic proposals for the characterization of phonological interactions. A developmental modification to the theory is proposed that has the desired effect of precluding certain early-stage grammars. The proposal is further evaluated against the facts of another widely cited developmental chain shift known as the ‘puzzle>puddle>pickle’ problem (Smith 1973).

Abstract Objectives Miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) is native to West Africa, named for its unique ability to transform sour taste into sweet. With the taste modification function, its applications are intriguing, particularly as an alternative sweetener and antioxidant, and for improving the dysgeusia of chemotherapy patients. However, further consumer studies are needed to examine the efficacy of miracle fruit product. The aim of this study was to compare the consumer acceptances of prior miracle fruit administration on different types of sour foods and miracle fruit products. Methods 200 healthy volunteers (Women 55%; Whites 23%, Blacks 21%, Asians 24%, Hispanics 27%) aged 18 to 65 years were recruited in New York City. Granny Smith apple, goat cheese, lemonade, plain fat-free yogurt, and cucumber pickle were served with distilled water and a miracle fruit product at 10 ± 1⁰C. One of the following 4 types of dried miracle fruit products were randomly assigned to each panelist. Large Pill (Y); Pill (G); Small Pill (M); Powder (P). Samples’ testing order and miracle fruit product assignment were randomized for each panelist throughout the whole test. The pre and post acceptances for overall, flavor, texture, and aftertaste were evaluated using a 9-point hedonic scale. For post-test, “meeting expectations for corresponding food sample” was also evaluated. Results After miracle fruit product application, for yogurt, apple, and goat cheese, all the acceptability values for overall, flavor, texture, and aftertaste increased, while for lemonade and pickle, all the acceptability decreased except for lemonade's texture acceptability on P product. The pre and post increment differences in overall, flavor, and texture acceptability for yogurt and in overall and flavor acceptability for apple using M product were significantly higher than using other products. For goat cheese, the difference in aftertaste acceptability using P product was significantly higher than using G product. Conclusions This study suggests that prior miracle fruit administration when consuming yogurt, apple, and goat cheese is an effective method for improving consumer acceptability. However, the effects of magnitude of acceptability increment may be different by the types of miracle fruit product and food consumed. Funding Sources Professional Staff Congress-The City University of New York 48 Grant.

A. Alexopoulu & D. Kolliakou: On linkhood and clitic left dislocationA. Cornilescu: Romanian nominalizations: case and aspectual structureD. A. Dinnsen, Kathleen M. O'Connor & Judith A. Gierut: The puzzle-puddle-pickle problem and the Duke-of-York gambit in acquisitionD. Lightfoot: Myths and the prehistory of grammarsG. Morgan, N. Smith, I. Tsimpli & B. Woll: Language against the odds: the learning of BSL by a polyglot savantJ. Romero Trillo: A mathematical model for the analysis of variation of discourseS. A. Schwenter: Discourse markers and the PA/SN distinctionH. Tanaka: Right-dislocation as scramblingE. Yuasa & J. M. Sadock: Pseudo-subordination: a mismatch between syntax and semanticsZ. Bao: Review article of MATTHEW Y. CHEN, Tone sandhi: patterns across Chinese dialectsD. Bickerton: Linguists play catchup with evolution (L. JENKINS, Bio-linguistics: exploring the biology of language and D. LORITZ, How the brain evolved language)R. Cann: Review article of R. KEMPSON, W. MEYER-VIOL & D. GABBAY, Dynamic syntax: the flow of language understandingR. Freidin: Remarks on basic syntax (P. CULICOVER, Principles and Parameters: introduction to syntactic theory; J. MCCAWLEY, The syntactic phenomena of English; A. RADFORD, Syntactic theory and the structure of English: a Minimalist approach; and I. ROBERTS, Comparative syntax)T. Langendoen: Review article of M. ARONOFF & J. REES-MILLER, The handbook of linguisticsN. B. Vincent: Review article of G. CINQUE, Adverbs and functional heads: a cross-linguistic perspective