Relevant bibliographies by topics / Smoke opacity meter

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Smoke opacity meter'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Smoke opacity meter"

1

Putra, Dwi Sudarno, Donny Fernandez, and Wagino. "Optimization of Digital Image Processing Method to Improve Smoke Opacity Meter Accuracy." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 2, no. 2 (2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.2.2.114.

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One of the parameters of exhaust emission testing on diesel engines is the level of smoke opacity. If the opacity is high then the emission quality is bad. The instrument for measuring smoke opacity is called Smoke Opacity Meter. The commonly used basic concept to measure smoke density is by utilizing a light sensor (optical sensor). Development of Smoke Opacity Meter applies the concept of Digital Image Processing. Even though it has initially begun, the measurement result is yet as perfect as Optical Sensor Concept. Therefore, this paper describes on how to implement the Digital Image Processing Method in processing the smoke opacity video data.
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Sudarma, Andi Firdaus, Hadi Pranoto, Mardani A. Sera, and Amiruddin Aziz. "Analysis of Fuel Injection Pressure Effect on Diesel Engine Combustion Opacity Value." International Journal of Advanced Technology in Mechanical, Mechatronics and Materials 1, no. 1 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37869/ijatec.v1i1.6.

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The use of diesel engines for vehicle applications has expanded for decades. However, it produces black smoke in the form of particulate matter contains fine and invisible particles during operation. The popular method for measuring the smoke opacity is by using a smoke meter for its simplicity and less costly. Fuel injection pressure is one of the parameters that affect the emission significantly, and the proper nozzle adjustment can reduce the density of exhaust gases and improve the engine performance. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum fuel spray pressure that produces the lowest opacity value and analyse the effect of fuel spray pressure on the opacity value at a different engine speed. The present experiment uses the Hyundai D4BB engine, and the pressure variations were implemented on the injector nozzle at 125, 130, and 135 kg/cm2. The engine was also tested with various engine idle speed, i.e., 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 rpm. It has been found that the optimum distance of fuel spraying is 147.679 mm with injector nozzle pressure 130 kg/cm2, and the value of opacity is 9.51%.
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Prabu, A., and R. B. Anand. "Working Characteristics of a C.I. Engine Fuelled with Oxygenates as Additives in Jatropha Biodiesel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1842–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1842.

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An experimental investigation is conducted for studying the effect of the oxygenates blended with Jatropha biodiesel in a single cylinder Direct Injection diesel engine by using AVL 444 Di-gas analyzer for measuring level of pollutants at engine exhaust and AVL 437 smoke meter for measuring smoke opacity. Two oxygenated additives namely Ethylene Glycol (C2H6O2) and Propylene Glycol (C3H8O2) are added equally to neat biodiesel at geometric sequence (1, 2 and 4 %) forming the blends EGPG1 (Biodiesel + 0.5 % Ethylene Glycol + 0.5 % Propylene Glycol), EGPG2 (Biodiesel + 1 % Ethylene Glycol + 1 % Propylene Glycol) and EGPG4 (Biodiesel + 2 % Ethylene Glycol + 2 % Propylene Glycol). This paper highlights the effect of two oxygenates added as additive in biodiesel, that affecting the performance and emission characteristics of the engine. Marginal improvement in the performance of the engine and reduced level of pollutant such as Carbon monoxide (CO) and Smoke opacity for the test fuels are observed with slight increase in NO ( Nitrogen oxide ) and Unburned Hydro carbon (UHC) emission.
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Pranoto, Hadi, Wiwit Suprihatiningsih, Muhammad Idil Fadil, and Supaat Zakaria. "Opacity Results Diesel Fuel: Bio Solar, Dexlite, Dex and Analysis Theoretical Flammability Limit." International Journal of Advanced Technology in Mechanical, Mechatronics and Materials 1, no. 1 (2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37869/ijatec.v1i1.10.

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Each mixture of fuel and gas has a different flame speed. Gas will only burn at a suitable percentage of air and produce different exhaust gas opacity, opacity is a ratio of the rate of light absorption by smoke expressed in units of percent. This study aims to theoretically analyze the relationship between the flammability limit and the variation of fuel which has a different setana number associated with the exhaust gas opacity value of the engine performance test equipment. The machine performance test equipment used is the L300 engine. The methodology used is the testing of exhaust gas opacity using the Koeng OP-201 opacity meter and theoretically analyzed its relationship with the bio solar, dexlite and pertamina dex flame limits. The results of this study found that bio solar has an upper flame limit of 6.65%, a lowerflame limit of 0.53%, and an average opacity value of 12.1%. Dexlite has an upper limit of 6.70%, a lower limit of 0.53%, and an average opacity value of 10.5%. Pertamina dex has an upper limit of 6.68%, a lower limit of 0.53%, and an average opacity value of 9.21%.
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5

Yamin, Jehad A. A., Mohammad Samih Hijazi, and Mohammad A. Hamdan. "Effect of Some Oxygenates on the Opacity Level of a DI Diesel Engine with and without DPF." Modern Applied Science 13, no. 3 (2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v13n3p35.

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Toyota car fitted with smoke meter to measure the opacity in the exhaust was used. Five different types of oxygenates were used with the concentration of each one varied between 5 to 20% by volume at an increment of 5%. The results show a significant reduction in the opacity of the exhaust products. A maximum of 70% reduction was achieved when 15% ethanol was added at 3000 RPM, and 62% reduction when 20% methanol was added at same speed. As for Dimethoxy Ethane (DMET), a maximum reduction of 30% was achieved at 3000 RPM and that of Tri-propylene glycol methyl ether (TPGME) was 27.3% at same speed. Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME) did not show encouraging results as a maximum reduction of 10.3% was achieved at 2000 RPM with 5% of DGME. Further, it was found that the reduction in the opacity level was less significant when the filter was used. This, perhaps, is due to the nature of the DPF used.
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Rana, M. M., M. H. Khan, M. A. K. Azad, S. Rahman, and S. A. Kabir. "Estimation of Idle Emissions from the On-Road Vehicles in Dhaka." Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 1 (2020): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i1.41501.

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Vehicle emission is a major source of air pollution in Dhaka. Old fleet, lack of maintenance, improper traffic and parking management, overloading, fuel adulteration etc. are responsible for high emissions from the vehicle sector. In this study, vehicle emissions have been measured on-road in Dhaka using an Automotive Gas Analyzer and Smoke Opacity Meter to determine the existing vehicle emission scenario in the city. Concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) in the emissions from CNG/gasoline vehicles, and opacity of the emissions from diesel vehicles were measured. The results were compared with the corresponding national limit values. It was found that all types of CNG vehicles performed very well with more than 80% satisfying the corresponding limit values. Private cars ranked at the top in performance among the CNG/gasoline vehicles. Diesel vehicles were found as the worst polluters in the vehicle sector; emissions from about 75% of the diesel vehicles had opacity more than 65 HSU, the national limit value for emissions from diesel vehicles. Motor cycles were also highly polluting; 60% of the motor cycles emitted CO and HC concentrations higher than the respective national emission limit values.
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Reghu, V. R., V. Shankar, and P. Ramaswamy. "Comparative Experimental Studies on Four Stroke Four Cylinder Diesel fuelled Base Line Engine and Low Heat Rejection Engine." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 3 (2019): 6889–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.3.2019.05.0517.

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The depletion of conventional fuel source at a fast rate and increasing of environment pollution motivated extensive research in energy efficient engine design. In the present work, experimental investigations were carried out on a four-stroke four-cylinder dieselfuelled Base Line Engine (BLE) by conducting a normal load test and measuring the required Brake Thermal Efficiency (BThE) and Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) in a 100 HP dyno facility. A six-gas Analyser was used for the measurement of Unburnt Hydrocarbons (UBHC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), free Oxygen (O2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulphur oxides (SOx) and a smoke meter was used to measure smoke opacity. Low Heat Rejection (LHR) engine was realized by coating the crown of the aluminium alloy piston with the most popular Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) material, namely 8%Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia (8YPSZ), after coating qualification on research pistons, specifically fabricated to retain the piston material specification, and the geometry of the crown contour. A normal load test was conducted on LHR engine to evaluate the performance as well as to determine the concentration of pollutants. A ~30% improvement in BThE and ~35% improvement in SFC was exhibited by the LHR engine at all loads studied (7 to 64%). While UBHC level showed an increase, the CO, CO2 and O2 contents as revealed in the emission test showed a mixed response (high and low) for an LHR engine. Compared with BLE, NOx and smoke level in LHR engine emission showed an increasing trend with the load. On comparing BLE and LHR engine test results, value addition to the BLE in terms of reduced fuel consumption and pollutants was observed.
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Singh, Narinder, and RS Bharj. "Experimental investigation on the role of indigenous carbon nanotube emulsified fuel in a four-stroke diesel engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 12 (2015): 2046–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215586021.

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Effect of carbon nanotube emulsified fuel in a single-cylinder water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine was studied. CNT were produced by indigenous flame synthesis method. Water diesel emulsion was prepared in the proportion of 78% diesel, 20% water, and 2% surfactant with a HLB balance of 8. Tween 80 and Span 80 were used as surfactants. CNT in the mass fraction of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm were blended in the water–diesel emulsion. CNT were dispersed in the water for 35 min with the help of ultrasonicator set at frequency of 40 kHz and ultrasonic power of 120 W, subsequently added in diesel, surfactant mixture to produce CNT blended water diesel emulsion. A mechanical homogenizer was used to produce emulsion at the speed of 3000 r/min for 25 min. The experimental investigation was carried out using single-cylinder diesel engine coupled with eddy current dynamometer and equipped with data acquisition system. An AVL Di-gas analyzer and AVL smoke opacity meter has been used to measure the exhaust emissions. Experiment was conducted at a constant speed of 1500 r/min from no load to full load for all fuel specimens. A comparative study involving combustion characteristics, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, NOx, CO, HC, CO2 were recorded for pure diesel, water diesel emulsion and CNT-emulsified fuel. The results have shown significant improvement in engine performance, combustions attributes and reduction in emissions using CNT-emulsified fuel.
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9

Macián, Vicente, José Manuel Luján, Héctor Climent, Julián Miguel-García, Stéphane Guilain, and Romain Boubennec. "Cylinder-to-cylinder high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation dispersion effect on opacity and NOx emissions in a diesel automotive engine." International Journal of Engine Research, May 4, 2020, 146808741989540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419895401.

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The objective of the study is to determine the effect of the high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation dispersion in automotive diesel engines in NO x and smoke emissions in steady engine operation. The investigation quantifies the NO x and smoke emissions as a function of the dispersion of the high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation among cylinders. The experiments are performed on a test bench with a 1.6-L automotive diesel engine. In order to track the high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation dispersion in the intake pipes, a valves system to measure CO2, that is, exhaust gas recirculation rate, was installed pipe to pipe. In addition, a valves device to measure NO x emissions cylinder to cylinder in the exhaust was installed. Moreover, a smoke meter device was installed downstream the turbine, to measure the effect of the high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation dispersion on smoke emissions. Five different engine speeds were studied with different torque levels; thus, the engine map was widely studied, from 1250 to 3000 r/min and between 6 and 20 bar of brake mean effective pressure. The exhaust gas recirculation rate varies between 4% and 25% depending on the operating point. The methodology focused on experimental tools combining traditional measuring devices with a specific valves system, which offers accurate information about species concentration in both the intake and the exhaust manifolds. The study was performed at constant raw NO x emissions to observe the effect of the exhaust gas recirculation dispersion in the opacity and fuel consumption. The study concludes that when the exhaust gas recirculation dispersion is low, the opacity presents reduced values in all operating points. However, above a certain level of exhaust gas recirculation dispersion, the opacity increases dramatically with different slopes depending on the engine running condition. This study allows quantifying the exhaust gas recirculation dispersion threshold. In addition, the exhaust gas recirculation dispersion could contribute to increase the fuel consumption up to 3.5%.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Smoke opacity meter"

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Vařeka, Libor. "Design univerzálního motortesteru pro autoservis." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227967.

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The aim of this dissertation is to focus on the systems design of a multi purpose engine tester, a device for diagnostic techniques of self propelled motor vehicles to be used in a car mechanics work shop. The principle aim is to combine a permanently installed PC, a portable laptop and a workshop trolley containing all the necessary assembly tools and accessories. These three pieces used together will serve as a self contained unit within the workshop. I will compare the quality of the devices with others on the market. I will talk about the layout of the individual parts such as the design, structure and shape of the unit, as well as the ergonomics of the designed pieces. An important factor will be reducing the size of the device without compromising the quality and keeping it a similar price to other similar products on the market.
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Conference papers on the topic "Smoke opacity meter"

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Venkataraman, Shankar, Reghu Ramawarrier, Vivek Kozhikkoottungal Satheesh, Nikhil Mathew Mundupalam, and Siddaling Bhure. "Computer Simulation of Diesel Fueled Engine Processes Using MATLAB and Experimental Investigations on Research Engine." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3498.

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The depletion of conventional fuel source at a fast rate and increasing environmental pollution have motivated extensive research in combustion modeling and energy efficient engine design. In the present work, a computer simulation incorporating progressive combustion model using thermodynamic equations has been carried out using MATLAB to evaluate the performance of a diesel engine. Simulations at constant speed and variable load have been carried out for the experimental engine available in the laboratory. For simulation, speed and Air/Fuel ratios, which are measured during the experiment, have been used as input apart from other geometrical details. A state-of-the-art experimental facility has been developed in-house. The facility comprises of a hundred horsepower water cooled eddy current dynamometer with appropriate electronic controllers. A normal load test has been carried out and the required parameters were measured. A six gas analyzer was used for the measurement of NOx, HC, CO2, O2, CO and SOx. and a smoke meter was used for smoke opacity. The predicted Pressure-Volume (PV) diagram was compared with measurements and found to match closely. It is concluded that the developed simulation software could be used to get quick results for parametric studies.
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