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Journal articles on the topic 'Smoke prevention'
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1
Booth, W. H. "SMOKE PREVENTION." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 10, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 1064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1898.tb01928.x.
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Xin, Li, Zhang Yuanyuan, Jia Boyan, Zhang Guowei, and Zheng Li. "Effects of Fire Compartmentation and Smoke Exhaust Measures on Smoke Spread Caused by Cable Fire in Utility Tunnel." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (November 19, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4407919.
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Investigating the behavior of fire smoke in utility tunnel as well as smoke prevention and control measures are of vital significance for exhausting smoke from utility tunnel, realizing efficient firefighting and rescue, and guaranteeing the normal operation of cities. Taking utility tunnel as the research background, this paper builds a simulation calculation model for fire smoke prevention and control in the utility tunnel using PyroSim numerical simulation software and explores the rules of smoke spread under conditions such as building ceiling screen, changing fire compartmentation tightness, and adding smoke exhaust facilities. According to study results, before the tunnel was filled with smoke, ceiling screens lowered smoke spread rate, and smoke spread rate was inversely proportional to the ceiling screen height. When the fire door was opened, fire smoke spread to the adjacent fire compartment, and smoke spread rate was directly proportional to the fire door opening angle. Before the tunnel was filled up, mechanical smoke exhaust facilities significantly lowered the smoke spread rate by as much as 50%. When the entire tunnel was full of smoke, mechanical smoke exhaust facilities significantly reduced the smoke concentration in the utility tunnel; smoke layer temperature dropped by as much as 32°C, while visibility improved by as much as 66%. By studying smoke spread in utility tunnel, this paper aims to determine the optimal measures of preventing and controlling smoke spread in utility tunnel. This paper could also offer some reference for practical engineering applications in smoke prevention and control in utility tunnel.
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Fallavollita, Westley L., Elizabeth K. Do, Julia C. Schechter, Scott H. Kollins, Junfeng (Jim) Zheng, Jian Qin, Rachel L. Maguire, Cathrine Hoyo, Susan K. Murphy, and Bernard F. Fuemmeler. "Smoke-Free Home Rules and Association with Child Secondhand Smoke Exposure among Mother–Child Dyad Relationships." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 5256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105256.
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Smoke-free home rules restrict smoking in the home, but biomarkers of secondhand smoke exposure are needed to help understand the association between smoke-free homes and child secondhand smoke exposure. Participants (n = 346) were majority Black/African American mother–child dyads from a longitudinal study in North Carolina. Mothers completed questionnaires on household smoking behaviors and rules, and child saliva samples were assayed for secondhand smoke exposure. Regression models used smoke-free home rules to predict child risk for secondhand smoke exposure. Children in households with smoke-free home rules had less salivary cotinine and risk for secondhand smoke exposure. After controlling for smokers in the household, home smoking rules were not a significant predictor of secondhand smoke exposure. Compared to children in households with no smokers, children in households with at least one smoker but a non-smoking mother (OR 5.35, 95% CI: 2.22, 13.17) and households with at least one smoker including a smoking mother (OR 13.73, 95% CI: 6.06, 33.28) had greater risk for secondhand smoke exposure. Results suggest smoke-free home rules are not sufficient to fully protect children from secondhand smoke exposure, especially in homes with smokers. Future research should focus on how household members who smoke can facilitate the prevention of child secondhand smoke exposure.
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Wang, Ruo Jun, Bin Jiang, and Yan Ying Xu. "Subway Station Fire Prevention System Safety Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 1861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.1861.
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Fire prevention system of subway station plays an important role in ensuring passenger safety. The Shenyang Youth Street subway station fire prevention system safety was studied, applying performance-based fire protection design analysis method, using of FDS simulation software on the station fire prevention safety system for the calculation and analysis. Three working conditions were set when subway fire happens. Fire smoke flow characteristics and the distribution of temperature, CO concentration and visibility were analyzed and compared. The results show that the automatic sprinkler system and smoke control system have great effect on the preventing spread of fire. In the automatic sprinkler system and smoke control system conditions, fire hazards have not reached the standards of passengers tolerance.
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Usen, A. E., I. Harold, A. I. Wegbom, P. C. Ajie, G. C. Dimkpa, and O. A. Popoola. "Intention to Smoke Tobacco Products among Senior Secondary School Students in Uyo Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State." Juvenis Scientia, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2023_9_2_32-42.
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Introduction. Adolescence is a period in which many adolescents start exploring certain risky behaviours like tobacco use. Adolescent tobacco use is a significant global public health challenge. This study was conducted to determine the intention to smoke tobacco products among coeducational senior secondary school students in Uyo LGA, Akwa Ibom State. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 senior secondary school students aged 10–19 from January 2020 to December 2020. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select respondents from four senior secondary coeducational schools. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-assisted questionnaire. Results. Mean age of respondents was 15.3 ± 1.4 years, and 110 (55.0%) of them were males. The prevalence of intention to smoke tobacco products among the respondents was 75 (37.5%). 43 (21.5%) of them reported peer pressure as the reason for their intention to smoke. 190 (95.0%) of them knew that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. There was a statistically significant association between respondents’ sex, ever smoked, currently smoking, age at first experience, last experience, having a sibling that smokes, having friends that smoke, and intention to smoke tobacco products (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Adolescents with these risk factors should be prioritized by smoking prevention efforts.
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Chunling, Zhang, and Xu Yumei. "The Dilemma and Countermeasures of Legal Control of Atmospheric Haze and Smoke Dust Pollution." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 2874–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.5.1.55.
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Smoke dust is an important factor leading to haze pollution. There is no doubt about the serious impact of smoke dust pollution on public health, life and economic development. A consensus has been reached on the use of legal means to control smoke dust pollution. However, the existing laws still have too many problems to deal with the increasingly complex smoke dust pollution. It is a must to change the regulatory objects of the current “Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law (APPC Law)”, speed up the establishment of a regional joint prevention and control legal system, and establish local characteristic legislation in accordance with local conditions. We need establish a “three-in-one” legal system for the prevention and control of atmospheric haze and smoke dust pollution with “APPC Law” at the top, local legislations at the bottom and regional joint prevention and control law in the middle.
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Rie, Dongho, and Jioh Ryu. "Sustainable Urban Planning Technique of Fire Disaster Prevention for Subway." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010372.
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Subway infrastructure is a representative urban infrastructure for sustainable urban development as part of its policy to harmonize with economic growth. As the transportation infrastructure of large cities develops with high speed and intelligence, more attention will be paid to its safety. The main cause of death in subway fires is asphyxiation, due to the closed specificity of the underground space. Therefore, smoke exhaust facilities should be capable of minimizing the effects of smoke to ensure the safe evacuation of passengers in the event of fire. In this study, three kinds of fire locations are adopted to analyze the distribution of platform temperature, CO, and visibility in connection with the smoke exhaust system operation method. We evaluate the performance of the applicable smoke exhaust system from ASET-based untenable area analysis. Fatality evaluation by escape analysis according to the smoke exhaust system estimates the fatality based on the tenability performance evaluation. Moreover, the FED method was used to evaluate tenability performance. Therefore, the result of this study suggests a solution for sustainable subway Disaster response from the performance evaluation of the subway platform smoke exhaust system for safe evacuation of passengers, which is essential for subway construction or remodeling.
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Aulia, Mochammad Izzur Rizky, Munasir Munasir, Mohammad Budiyanto, and Rizqi Afnan. "The Dangers of Cigarette Smoke and the Role of Guided Inquiry for Prevention and Other Prevention." IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research 4, no. 2 (March 30, 2023): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v4i2.274.
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Objective: The objectives are to discover the health impact of cigarette smoke, the factors make adolescents’ smoking behavior, and how guided inquiry and other rules for preventing smoking behavior. Method: This research uses a literature review research method or literature study, collecting several sources that can later be used as a reference. This research is obtained from the seventy-five journals reviewed. Results: Based on the literature review, so many destructive impacts of cigarette smoke on health. Mostly factor in smoking behavior is an advertisement of cigarettes. Preventive ways to stop adolescents smoking behavior are also available. Nevertheless, the most effective ways are school-based learning. Primarily health education with guided inquiry learning based. Novelty: Previous research by another researcher needs to explain the factors of adolescent smoking behavior sufficiently; the previous research also needs to mention the prevention of that behavior. This research shows the health impact of smoking and prevention in social life, and this research shows the role of guided inquiry for prevention.
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Yudi, Matias B., Omar Farouque, Nick Andrianopoulos, Andrew E. Ajani, Katie Kalten, Angela L. Brennan, Jeffrey Lefkovits, et al. "The prognostic significance of smoking cessation after acute coronary syndromes: an observational, multicentre study from the Melbourne interventional group registry." BMJ Open 7, no. 10 (October 2017): e016874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016874.
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ObjectiveWe aim to ascertain the prognostic significance of persistent smoking and smoking cessation after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the era of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and optimal secondary prevention pharmacotherapy.MethodsConsecutive patients from the Melbourne Interventional Group registry (2005–2013) who were alive at 30 days post-ACS presentation were included in our observational cohort study. Patients were divided into four categories based on their smoking status: non-smoker; ex-smoker (quit >1 month before ACS); recent quitter (smoker at presentation but quit by 30 days) and persistent smoker (smoker at presentation and at 30 days). The primary endpoint was survival ascertained through the Australian National Death Index linkage. A Cox-proportional hazards model was used to estimate the adjusted HR and 95% CI for survival.ResultsOf the 9375 patients included, 2728 (29.1%) never smoked, 3712 (39.6%) were ex-smokers, 1612 (17.2%) were recent quitters and 1323 (14.1%) were persistent smokers. Cox-proportional hazard modelling revealed, compared with those who had never smoked, that persistent smoking (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.32, p<0.001) was an independent predictor of increased hazard (mean follow-up 3.9±2.2 years) while being a recent quitter (HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.68, p=0.10) or an ex-smoker (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.22, p=0.72) were not.ConclusionsIn a contemporary cohort of patients with ACS, those who continued to smoke had an 80% risk of lower survival while those who quit had comparable survival to lifelong non-smokers. This underscores the importance of smoking cessation in secondary prevention despite the improvement in management of ACS with PCI and pharmacotherapy.
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Mayasari, Yufitri, Wulan Apridita Sebastian, and Mutiara Rina RR. "SMOKE FEE CAMPAIGN THROUGH SCHOOL-BASED PREVENTION PROGRAM AT MUTIARA HARAPAN ISLAMIC SCHOOL, TANGERANG – BANTEN." ICCD 1, no. 1 (December 22, 2018): 688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33068/iccd.vol1.iss1.102.
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Children are susceptible to be passive smokers as a consequence of exposure to cigarette smoke when they are in the surroundings of smokers. Nearly 70% of children aged 13-15 years are exposed to cigarette smoke inside their homes, while 78 percent are exposed to cigarettes outside their homes. Cigarette smoke has a bad impact on health in children, even though they do not understand the dangers of cigarette smoke. For this reason, an extension activity is conducted on the dangers of cigarette smoke, so that children can understand the dangers of cigarette smoke and can be the main driver for parents and their surroundings to live smoke-free.
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Potera, Carol. "Tobacco-Use Prevention Goes Up In Smoke." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 113, no. 3 (March 2013): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000427868.20850.07.
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Glushkova, Natalya, Dariga Smailova, Zhanar Namazbayeva, Gulmira Mukasheva, Ayaulym Zhamakurova, Asylzhan Kuanyshkalieva, Indira K. Karibayeva, et al. "Prevalence of Smoking Various Tobacco Types in the Kazakhstani Adult Population in 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021509.
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Tobacco use was the second-leading risk factor for death, accounting for 15.4% of total deaths in 2019. In 2019, 20.4% (2.7 million) of the adult population in Kazakhstan, 36.5% of men, and 6.0% of women smoked tobacco. A cross-sectional study of a random sample (n = 1201) was conducted between October and December 2021 in accordance with the STEPwise approach. The tobacco-use questions were focused on current and previous smoking status, initiation and duration of smoking, amount of tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke, and information related to quitting smoking. From 20.8% of smokers, 93.8% of men and 80.2% of women use tobacco products daily, χ2 = 10.983, p-score < 0.001. The earliest initiation of smoking was 6 years old. The prevalence of smoking tobacco products in Kazakhstan is 20.8%, which means that every fifth adult smokes. In addition, the proportion of smokers among men was 38.5%, and among women, it was 10.1%. A total of 93.8% of men and 80.2% of women smoked daily. The role of healthcare professionals in smoking prevention is very low, and only 16.9% of respondents have been advised to quit smoking in the last 12 months. New interventions for tobacco smoking prevention are urgently needed in Kazakhstan.
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Park, Min-Hee. "Characteristics of adolescents who smoke daily." Korean Data Analysis Society 24, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 2343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2022.24.6.2343.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the general, smoking-related, and mental health characteristics of adolescents who smoke every day. The subjects of the study were 1,186 people who had smoked in the raw data of the smoking and drinking situation of students in 2021 surveyed by the Office of Education in B city. The collected data were statistically processed using the SPSS 27.0 program. The subjects' general, smoking-related, and mental health characteristics were analyzed by frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, and ANOVA. As a result of the study, high school students had a higher rate of daily smoking, and daily smokers had lower scores on subjective academic achievement and subjective health cognition, and the current use of heated e-cigarettes was high. Also, the ratio of the preparation phase was low in the smoking cessation change phase, and the ratio of quitting attempts and quitting success was also low. Regarding secondhand smoke, the ratio of daily smoking among students exposed to secondhand smoke at home, school, and public places was higher, and the stress perception and depression and impulsiveness scores of adolescents who smoked every day were higher. It is necessary to develop an educational program for smoking prevention and cessation by including daily smoking-related characteristics as intervention factors.
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Wang, Wei Min. "Study on the Smoke Evacuation and Safety-Evaluation of Oversized Shield Machine in Tunnel Drilling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 2226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.2226.
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Based on the data of the extra large diameter and extra distance of drilling of the Shanghai Yangtze Tunnel Highway, the paper introduces various fire scenarios under shield construction, and examines the distribution of various tunnel fires according to the actual circumstance of tunnel construction, patterns of smoke change of various fire circumstances; The thesis also provides significant measures and time for evacuation, and the features of fire expansion and smoke circulation in different fire situations, It compares fire expansion and smoke extension in different fire situations, analyzes patterns of fire expansion and smoke extension in different measures of fire prevention and their impact on the consequences of fire. Meanwhile, the thesis evaluates the effect of fire prevention, and explores some basic principles and safety measures for evacuating performance and fire rescue, crew safety and efficiency according to the temperature in the tunnel, pressure and smoke extension with fire
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Oktridarti, Levy, Yori Manis Tika, Linda Astuti, Seftya Dwi Shinta, and Hania Sumarni. "Sosialisasi Bahaya Rokok Bagi Perokok Pasif Di Universitas Ratu Samban Bengkulu." Jurnal Pengabdian 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.58222/jp.v2i2.793.
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The aim of this outreach is to increase the knowledge and awareness of students at Ratu Samban University, North Bengkulu about the magnitude of the dangers of cigarettes for passive smokers around them. This socialization was attended by 30 students from Ratu Samban University, North Bengkulu. This socialization is carried out by providing material regarding the bad effects of cigarettes on passive smokers and discussions about prevention that can be carried out by the community as a form of prevention so that they are not exposed to passive smoking, namely 1) Avoid gathering with people who smoke by looking for a place that has fresh air free of cigarette smoke, 2) Prohibit people from smoking at home, this is useful for protecting yourself and your family from exposure to cigarette smoke, 3) When you are in a public place, such as an office, cafe or restaurant, choose a room that is smoke-free, 4) Use a mask regularly. correctly when leaving the house to avoid exposure to cigarette smoke, 5) Politely remind smokers who smoke anywhere.
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Sun, Jing, Tim Prenzler, Nicholas Buys, and Marilyn McMeniman. "Preventing smoking in open public places in university campus settings." Health Education 112, no. 1 (December 30, 2011): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09654281211190254.
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PurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions using situational crime prevention approaches to reduce the smoking rate in outdoor areas of a university campus.Design/methodology/approachA prospective intervention design was designed for the study. Surveys and observations were used to measure the impacts of both the campaign generally and specific strategies on levels of smoking in public places and use of designated smoking areas. Pre‐ and post‐implementation measures were taken. The intervention strategies entailed encouraging voluntary compliance with a “Smoke‐less Campaign”, which asked staff, students and visitors to smoke only in nominated areas. The campaign was supported by “situational” strategies to facilitate compliance, such as making smoking areas available, setting rules and posting instructions, and using campaign ambassadors.FindingsAt the end of the three‐month trial the campaign was considered to have had a positive impact. After the campaign at the intervention campus there was a significant increase of 14.4 percent in the proportion of people who reported that they were not affected by second‐hand smoke – from 52.7 percent to 67.1 percent. In addition, 6 percent of survey respondents who smoked reported quitting, while 17 percent of smokers indicated the campaign had helped them to quit or cut down. Observational data showed that 98 percent of smokers complied with directions to smoke in nominated smoking areas.Originality/valueThis study is original in explicitly applying the techniques of situational crime prevention to the problem of smoking in public places. The results provide evidence for the effectiveness of the situational techniques, including “facilitating compliance”, through the availability of smoking areas, “setting rules” and “posting instructions”, and “extending guardianship”, through the use of campaign ambassadors.
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Student. "CHILDREN CONTINUE TO SMOKE." Pediatrics 83, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): A66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.83.4.a66.
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Children, especially girls, are smoking at younger ages. Smoking among high school seniors, which had been declining for years, leveled off from 1980 through 1987. One-quarter of high school seniors who have ever smoked had their first cigarette by the sixth grade, and half by the eighth grade. There is a growing consensus that smoking prevention education needs to begin in elementary school.
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Pinaev, Sergey Konstantinovich, Ol'ga Gennad'evna Pinaeva, and Aleksey Yaroslavovich Chizhov. "CARCINOGENIC EFFECT OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SMOKE." Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 6–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2024-1-6-27.
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All types of smoke are carcinogenic. Increasing air smoke is a serious global problem. Knowledge on carcinogenic effects of various types of smoke is necessary to work out effective preventive measures.
The purpose of the review is to characterize the general characteristics and peculiarities of the carcinogenic effects of various types of smoke. The most significant carcinogens of all types of smoke are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and carbon microparticles. Any smoke is an etiological factor for respiratory tract cancer, and systemic neoplasms (tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, central and peripheral nervous systems, soft tissues and skeleton). Tobacco smoke may be involved in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer due to the induction of local immunosuppression and specific tropic nitrosamines. Exhaust fumes due to high benzene content may cause hematological malignancies, especially leukemia in children. Wildfire smoke, due to significant amounts of ultra-fine carbon particles PM0.1, contributes to the development of central nervous system tumors. Severe contamination with natural and artificial radionuclides makes wildfire smoke a factor of high carcinogenic danger for the human population globally. Prevention of malignant neoplasms caused by smoke requires government measures to promote smoking cessation, hybrid and electric engines in automobiles, as well as wildfire prevention, early detection and extinction. Effective respirators and indoor air filters should be used for personal protection. To relieve environmentally caused oxidative stress, herbal medicines and food products that stimulate autophagy, as well as transfer factors for immunodeficiency correction, are recommended.
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Bando, Harumi, and Tohru Yoshida. "Prevention of Children's Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke :." Kitakanto Medical Journal 64, no. 2 (2014): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2974/kmj.64.125.
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Godfrey-Faussett, Peter. "The HIV prevention cascade: more smoke than thunder?" Lancet HIV 3, no. 7 (July 2016): e286-e288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(16)30062-5.
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Toledo-Arruda, Alessandra C., Rodolfo P. Vieira, Flávia A. Guarnier, Camila L. Suehiro, Agostinho Caleman-Neto, Clarice R. Olivo, Petra M. M. Arantes, et al. "Time-course effects of aerobic physical training in the prevention of cigarette smoke-induced COPD." Journal of Applied Physiology 123, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 674–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00819.2016.
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A previous study by our group showed that regular exercise training (ET) attenuated pulmonary injury in an experimental model of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) in mice, but the time-course effects of the mechanisms involved in this protection remain poorly understood. We evaluated the temporal effects of regular ET in an experimental model of chronic CS exposure. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: Control (sedentary + air), Exercise (aerobic training + air), Smoke (sedentary + smoke), and Smoke + Exercise (aerobic training + smoke). Mice were exposed to CS and ET for 4, 8, or 12 wk. Exercise protected mice exposed to CS from emphysema and reductions in tissue damping and tissue elastance after 12 wk ( P < 0.01). The total number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage increased in the Smoke group, mainly due to the recruitment of macrophages after 4 wk, neutrophils and lymphocytes after 8 wk, and lymphocytes and macrophages after 12 wk ( P < 0.01). Exercise attenuated this increase in mice exposed to CS. The protection conferred by exercise was mainly observed after exercise adaptation. Exercise increased IL-6 and IL-10 in the quadriceps and lungs ( P < 0.05) after 12 wk. Total antioxidant capacity and SOD was increased and TNF-α and oxidants decreased in lungs of mice exposed to CS after 12 wk ( P < 0.05). The protective effects of exercise against lung injury induced by cigarette smoke exposure suggests that anti-inflammatory mediators and antioxidant enzymes play important roles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development mainly after the exercise adaptation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These experiments investigated for the first time the temporal effects of regular moderate exercise training in cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We demonstrate that aerobic conditioning had a protective effect in emphysema development induced by cigarette smoke exposure. This effect was most likely secondary to an effect of exercise on oxidant-antioxidant balance and anti-inflammatory mediators.
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Emont, Seth L., S. Christine Zahniser, Stephen E. Marcus, Anne E. Trontell, Sherry Mills, Emma L. Frazier, Michael N. Waller, and Gary A. Giovino. "Evaluation of the 1990 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Smoke-Free Policy." American Journal of Health Promotion 9, no. 6 (July 1995): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-9.6.456.
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Purpose. To determine the prevalence of tobacco use among Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) employees and the effect of the smoke-free policy on smoking behavior and air quality at work. Design. A stratified telephone survey of 1181 CDC/ATSDR employees randomly selected from employee rosters. Setting. CDC/ATSDR work sites in Atlanta, Georgia, and other major CDC locations throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. Subjects. Randomly selected employees of CDC/ATSDR1, or about 22% of the total CDC/ATSDR population; 98% of eligible persons selected agreed to participate. Measures. Demographic and smoking history variables, attitudes toward and impact of the smoke-free policy on smoking behavior, and self-report changes in air quality were the measures used. Results. Overall cigarette smoking prevalence was only 11.1%. One percent reported using chewing tobacco, 1.1% reported smoking a pipe, and 1.4% reported smoking cigars. Average self-reported, daily cigarette comsumption significantly decreased after the smoking ban took effect. Overall, 90 % of the employees supported the smoke-free policy, and 80 % of the employees believed that smokers were complying with the smoke-free policy. Most employees believed that the air quality of work areas and nonwork areas (65% and 69%, respectively) had improved since the smoke-free policy was implemented. Conclusions. These findings are consistent with previous evaluations of smoke-free policies and suggest that most employees are generally supportive of workplace smoking restrictions. Such policies can also have a positive impact on smoking behavior and perceived air quality.
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Liu, Yi, Yizuo Song, Xiaoli Hu, Linzhi Yan, and Xueqiong Zhu. "Awareness of surgical smoke hazards and enhancement of surgical smoke prevention among the gynecologists." Journal of Cancer 10, no. 12 (2019): 2788–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jca.31464.
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Feng, Xuhong, Pengle Cheng, Feng Chen, and Ying Huang. "Full-Scale Fire Smoke Root Detection Based on Connected Particles." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 6748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186748.
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Smoke is an early visual phenomenon of forest fires, and the timely detection of smoke is of great significance for early warning systems. However, most existing smoke detection algorithms have varying levels of accuracy over different distances. This paper proposes a new smoke root detection algorithm that integrates the static and dynamic features of smoke and detects the final smoke root based on clustering and the circumcircle. Compared with the existing methods, the newly developed method has a higher accuracy and detection efficiency on the full scale, indicating that the method has a wider range of applications in the quicker detection of smoke in forests and the prevention of potential forest fire spread.
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Luo, Na, Le Gao, and Xiangwei Liu. "Performance of smoke confinement during fire accident in subway station." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235602036.
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Fire accidents often lead to tremendous losses and smoke has been reported to be the main cause of these heavy casualties. Accordingly, smoke movement can influence escape and smoke confinement is particular significant. Fire Dynamics Simulator software (FDS) was utilized to carry out complementary full scale numerical simulations of fire accident in a subway station. Different measure of smoke prevention and exhaust were adopted and the difference of smoke confinement among the measure was compared. According to the smoke temperature, hung wall had a good role during early stage of fire accident. However, the performance became worse with smoke accumulation. If the hung wall were adopted, smoke was exhausted from basement 2 and air was supplied into the basement 1 at the same time, the efficacy of smoke confinement was the best. The mechanical exhaust rate had obvious implications for the smoke diffusion.
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Kolovelonis, Athanasios, Marios Goudas, and Yannis Theodorakis. "Examining the Effectiveness of the Smoking Prevention Program “I Do Not Smoke, I Exercise” in Elementary and Secondary School Settings." Health Promotion Practice 17, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839916651400.
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The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of the smoking prevention program “I do not smoke, I exercise” implemented with elementary and secondary school students. “I do not smoke, I exercise” is a theory-based smoking prevention program that promotes exercise as an alternative of smoking. The program consists of eight sessions implemented weekly. Participants were 338 Greek students (135 elementary and 203 secondary students) who were pre- and posttested in smoking, program, and exercise-related measures. The results showed that the program had significant effects on elementary students’ attitudes toward smoking, intention to smoke, subjective norms, attitudes toward the application of the program, and knowledge about the health consequences of smoking. For secondary students, significant effects were found on students’ perceived behavioral control and knowledge about the health consequences of smoking, while very few students reported a smoking experience before and after the intervention. Therefore the program “I do not smoke, I exercise” may have positive effects on variables related with smoking behavior. Differences in the program’s impact on elementary and secondary students were identified. All these are discussed with reference to the need of implementing smoking prevention programs in schools contexts.
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Perry, Cheryl L., and Gregory L. Silvis. "Smoking Prevention: Behavioral Prescriptions for the Pediatrician." Pediatrics 79, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 790–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.79.5.790.
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Pediatricians are important instigators of behavior change for the promotion of nonsmoking. Smoking is harmful to infants, children, and adolescents, and evidence is reviewed that passive smoking can have potent deleterious effects. Interventions with young adolescents based on social-psychologic theory have shown promise in changing smoking behavior and reducing smoking onset rates. Interventions are described, based on epidemiologic and etiologic data, that are appropriate for infants, children, adolescents, and parents. Interventions for parents should encourage cessation and the creation of a smoke-free environment for children. Interventions for children should emphasize the negative health effects of smoking and help them build an armamentarium against factors that promote experimentation with smoking. Interventions for adolescents should encourage them to remain nonsmokers in an environment of social pressure to smoke. The rationale for these strategies and methods of implementation in the pediatrician's office are described.
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Mohammed, Mutaz, Sander Matthijs Eggers, Fahad Falah Alotaiby, Nanne de Vries, and Hein de Vries. "Smoking uptake among Saudi adolescents: tobacco epidemic indicators and preventive actions needed." Global Health Promotion 25, no. 2 (November 25, 2014): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975914548193.
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The aim of this cross-sectional school-based study was to assess smoking prevalence, indicators for the smoking epidemic and determinants of smoking among Saudi adolescents. The study included 695 male adolescents from 11 to 16 years of age who filled out self-report questionnaires based on the European Smoking Framework Approach questionnaire, which uses the I-Change model to assess attitude, social influence and the self-efficacy of the participants. Smokers were 275 (39.6%) adolescents. Smokers tended to receive more daily pocket money, live in more affluent families and show lower academic performance. Non-smokers were inclined to believe that smoking may help people to feel relaxed and confident, encountered less social influences to smoke than smokers, but reported low self-efficacy not to smoke when with smoker friends and when offered a cigarette. Smokers reported the lowest self-efficacy not to smoke in all situations assessed. The results suggest the smoking epidemic among male Saudi adolescents may still be in the early stages, providing ample opportunity for preventive actions aimed at halting the further progress of this epidemic. Secondly, smoking prevention programs in Saudi Arabia need to reinforce non-smoking attitudes, address how to resist pressure to smoke, and how to develop high self-efficacy towards non-smoking in various situations.
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Zhou, Zhiyong, Yao Lu, and Yimeng Cui. "Study on the Effect of Jet Direction of Compound Air Curtain on Smoke Control." Energies 14, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 6983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14216983.
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High temperature smoke caused by fire is a major cause of casualties. In order to ensure the safety of personnel, it is very important to control the spread of smoke and enable personnel to quickly withdraw from the fire scene. While traditional hard isolation, such as fire doors, may hinder the safe evacuation of people, the use of an air curtain as a flexible isolation has received more and more attention from researchers. In this paper, the influence of jet direction of compound air curtain on the smoke control effect was studied, and six working conditions were designed. The temperature and smoke isolation of the compound air curtain were numerically simulated by using ANSYS FLUENT software. The parameters such as temperature, velocity pressure and velocity streamline were analyzed, and the smoke control effects of six different jet directions were discussed. The simulation results were verified by Pyrosim fire simulation software simulation software. The results show that the direction of jet flow has a significant influence on the smoke control effect, and the fire smoke control effect under working conditions 4 and 5 is better. The working condition 5 (both air curtain A and air curtain B have outward jet direction) has the best smoke prevention effect, which is suitable for a situation that is close to the fire source. Working condition 4 (outward direction of air curtain A and inward direction of air curtain B) has the second-best effect of smoke prevention, which is suitable for situations far from the fire source.
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Lei, Wenjun, Yue Qi, Xinyu Zhang, Chuanmin Tai, Linhua Zhang, and Guohong Sun. "Study on influence of breathing zone combined with underfloor makeup air supplement on smoke exhaust of road tunnel fire." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 02042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235602042.
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In the era of rapid economic development, tunnel construction projects are increasing year by year in China, continuously expanding the urban network In the era of rapid economic development, tunnel construction projects are increasing year by year in China, continuously expanding the urban network radiation area, and accelerating the progress of the national modernization project. The subsequent tunnel traffic fire accidents are also increasing When a tunnel fire occurs, how to effectively supply makeup air to prevent the fire smoke from spreading to the evacuation passage of the When a tunnel fire occurs, how to effectively supply makeup air to prevent the fire smoke from spreading to the evacuation passage of the tunnel and exhaust the smoke as soon as possible has become a key concern in the field of tunnel disaster prevention. The layout of the smoke exhaust outlets under the mode of breathing zone combined with underfloor makeup air supplement was mainly used to study the problem of smoke exhaust in tunnel fires. The results show that under the same smoke exhaust flow rate, with the increase in the area of the results show that under the same smoke exhaust flow rate, with the increase in the area of the smoke outlet, the smoke exhaust efficiency of each exhaust outlet increases, and the total efficiency also increases. The width of the exhaust outlet has a significant effect on the smoke exhaust efficiency. However, the length of the exhaust vent has little effect on the efficiency of smoke exhaust. Under the mode of breathing zone combined with underfloor makeup air supplement, arranging smoke outlet with a size of 2 m×1.5 m every 10 m has a better smoke extraction effect, and the total smoke exhaust efficiency can reach 75.77%. Fire safety of road tunnels has always been the focus of social concern. The makeup air supplement and smoke exhaust mode proposed in this study is expected the makeup air supplement and smoke exhaust mode proposed in this study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the design of tunnel smoke prevention and exhaust systems.
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Huang, Yubiao, Xiaodong Zhou, Bei Cao, and Lizhong Yang. "Computational fluid dynamics-assisted smoke control system design for solving fire uncertainty in buildings." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19842370.
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For every fire prevention design, ensuring safe evacuation and preventing the fire from spreading are primary considerations. However, actual fire scenarios inevitably involve many uncertainties, such as the fire source location, the heat release rate, the fire growth coefficient and so on, which make it difficult for the traditional fire prevention system to achieve these primary considerations. In this paper, an optimum and intelligent system design was developed using the feedback of real-time fire characteristics based on precise control logic using computational fluid dynamics. The new system can make an intelligent adjustment to adapt the real-time fire and to obtain the best smoke exhaust condition by coupling the smoke control system and a physical boundary. The fire uncertainties were used to validate the system design, based on a conventional composite building containing room, corridor and atrium. The results show that the intelligent system is capable of providing different and reasonable reactions for various fire scenarios and of ensuring the safe evacuation of the building. Some limitations of the system have been improved by incorporating a constraint factor into activation procedures for solving extra-large and ultra-fast fires. In general, this intelligent design proved useful as a smoke control system which could be implemented in many similar buildings.
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Yang, Pei Pei, Xiao Lu Shi, and Bi Ming Shi. "Study of Fire Smoke Flow of Tunnel at Different Longitudinal Ventilation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1472–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1472.
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Once the tunnel fires happened, it will cause a major accident. And the smoke control of the runnel is important to fire prevention. A numerical simulation of the fire smoke flow in the tunnel model is presented by using FDS. The influence of different longitudinal ventilation on fire smoke flow of tunnel is obtained. And providing theory basis for tunnel ventilation system design, smoke spread control and safety evacuation. The results shown that in order to avoid reverse-flow and extend the time of smoke at the top of tunnel, the longitudinal speed should be controlled in 3.4 m/s; because of the role of longitudinal ventilation, smoke flow resistance and longitudinal ventilation generated by the effect of smoke flow resistance make the gas temperature first rise and then down.
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Zakiyah, Zakiyah, Yolanda Anastasia Sihombing, Muh Ihsan Kamaruddin, Glendy Ariando Salomon, and Muhammad Anshari. "Stress Level and Smoking Behavior." Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v12i2.1118.
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Stress is one of the common mental health problems in today's society. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress levels and smoking behavior. Smoking is a habit that is detrimental to health and can be a risk factor for a variety of serious diseases. However, many individuals who smoke may claim that smoking is their way of coping with stress. Data for the study were obtained through interviews and questionnaires given to several participants involved in smoking behavior. The data collected included stress levels, smoking history, and motivation to smoke. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between stress levels and smoking behavior. Individuals who experience higher levels of stress tend to be more likely to smoke or smoke more frequently. In addition, the study also revealed that many smoking participants reported that they smoked as a way to cope with stress. This study has important implications for treatments and interventions in reducing smoking. Understanding that stress can be a trigger for smoking can help in designing more effective evidence-based programs to help individuals cope with stress without having to rely on cigarettes. Better prevention and treatment efforts for individuals who smoke should also consider stress management as an important part of treatment. As such, the study could provide a better view of the complex relationship between stress and smoking and provide a foundation for better public health improvements in tackling the smoking problem
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Parks, Michael J., Michelle C. Kegler, John H. Kingsbury, and Iris W. Borowsky. "Reducing Socioeconomic Disparities in Comprehensive Smoke-Free Rules among Households with Children: A Pilot Intervention Implemented through a National Cancer Program." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 6787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186787.
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Most households with a smoker do not implement comprehensive smoke-free rules (smoke-free homes and cars), and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure remains prevalent among children and low-socioeconomic status (SES) populations. This pilot project aimed to assess implementation feasibility and impact of an intervention designed to increase smoke-free rules among socioeconomically disadvantaged households with children. The pilot was implemented through Minnesota’s National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP). NBCCEDPs provide cancer prevention services to low-income individuals experiencing health disparities. We successfully utilized and adapted the Smoke-Free Homes Program (SFHP) to address comprehensive smoke-free rules among households with children. We used two recruitment methods: (a) direct mail (DM) and (b) opportunistic referral (OR) by patient navigators in the NBCCEDP call center. We used descriptive statistics to assess implementation outcomes and hierarchical logistic regression models (HLM) to assess change in smoke-free rules and SHS exposure over the study period. There was no comparison group, and HLM was used to examine within-person change. A total of 64 participants were recruited. Results showed 83% of participants were recruited through DM. OR had a high recruitment rate, and DM recruited more participants with a low response rate but higher retention rate. Among recruited participants with data (n = 47), smoke-free home rules increased by 50.4 percentage points during the study period (p < 0.001). Among recruited participants who had a vehicle (n = 38), smoke-free car rules increased by 37.6 percentage points (p < 0.01) and comprehensive smoke-free rules rose 40.9 percentage points (p < 0.01). Home SHS exposure declined, and within-person increase in smoke-free home rules was significantly related to less home SHS exposure (p < 0.05). It is feasible to adapt and implement the evidence-based SFHP intervention through a national cancer program, but the current pilot demonstrated recruitment is a challenge. DM produced a low response rate and therefore OR is the recommended recruitment route. Despite low recruitment rates, we conclude that the SFHP can successfully increase comprehensive smoke-free rules and reduce SHS exposure among socioeconomically disadvantaged households with children recruited through a NBCCEDP.
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Xing, Xue Fei, Jing Yan Zhang, and Yan Feng Li. "Experimental Study on Effect of Longitudinal Ventilation Velocity and Slope on Smoke Movement in Tunnels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1381.
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The slope effects on the movement of internal smoke cannot be ignored. Fire experiments in a small scale tunnel are conducted in order to observe the smoke movement in a tunnel with three kinds of slope (0%, 3% and 5%) under different longitudinal ventilation velocity, then find the correlation between smoke diffusion velocity and longitudinal ventilation velocity, and slope in tunnel by numerical fitting and dimensional analyses, finally conclude:(1) as longitudinal ventilation velocity increases, smoke diffusion velocity gradually decreases; (2) when longitudinal ventilation velocity is smaller, with the increase of slope, smoke diffusion velocity is gradually increasing; (3) when longitudinal ventilation velocity is large, slope to smoke diffusion velocity is not affected. These quantitative conclusions provide fire Prevention of the tunnel in city with a reference.
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Guo, Dapeng, Jinshuang Wang, Shangguo Li, Chenjie Shi, Yi Zhou, Peizhe Li, Xu An, and Yiduo Xiong. "Numerical study on smoke temperature and exhaust efficiency in electric cable tunnel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2728, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2728/1/012010.
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Abstract Cable tunnels are the lifeline of cities. Once a serious fire occurs on cables, the toxic smoke generated by cable combustion spreads and escapes, causing serious harm to the surrounding environment and personnel. The heat generated can also ignite nearby combustibles, causing casualties and property damage. Based on the above issues, using fluid dynamics methods, fire dynamic simulation was used to simulate cable tunnel fire scenarios under four variables: wind speed, fire source power, smoke outlet height, and smoke exhaust airflow. The temperature distribution law of the ceiling smoke layer inside the cable tunnel, smoke generation law, tunnel smoke exhaust efficiency, and other factors were clarified, revealing the impact mechanism of the above factors on tunnel fire smoke exhaust efficiency and smoke performance improvement methods. The research results indicate that the combination mode of exhaust air volume and ventilation air speed can effectively control tunnel fire smoke, providing a reference for the fire prevention design of cables in urban cable tunnels.
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Henry, Shana M., and Nicole M. Kopari. "620 Impacting Teen Parents with Early Education for Burn and Fire Prevention." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.244.
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Abstract Introduction Unintentional fire or burn injuries are the 5th leading cause of injury deaths in the United States for children age 1–4 and the 3rd for those age 5–9. 24% of all burn injuries occur in children under the age of 15. Preparation and education are key elements in preventing fire tragedies in children. We recognized a trend in children of teen pregnancies presenting to our outpatient burn clinic with burn injuries and identified an opportunity to incorporate burn and fire prevention education into a pre-existing teen parenting program within local schools. Methods We utilized an established relationship with the local school district, which offers an elective course focusing on teen parenting in high schools with credit granted toward high school graduation. This course offers parenting classes and life skills training on a variety of topics including car seat safety, water safety, bike and pedestrian safely, and poison and first aid education. The Burn Prevention Coordinator partnered with the Fire Department Injury Prevention Specialist to teach a one hour lecture on burn and fire safety. Upon completion, the teen parents were provided with water testers to prevent scald burns, outlet protectors to prevent electrical injuries, temperature sensitive spoons for safe feeding, travel mugs, smoke alarms, and “First Aid for Burns” refrigerator magnets. Results We have taught 16 classes over the past 2 years and reached 600–800 teen parents per year. Teen parents received education regarding scald and contact burn prevention, home escape planning, smoke alarm education including contact information to have smoke alarms installed into their homes, and education regarding first aid and when to seek medical attention in regard to burn injuries. Post-lecture feedback forms have shown positive results. On average, each teen parent learned two new fire and burn prevention techniques for their child. Conclusions We identified a high risk population and partnered with a well-established teen parenting course to educate teen parents on burn and fire prevention. We provided teen parents with tools to assist them in creating a safer environment for their children. Applicability of Research to Practice Partnering with established community programs we were able to immediately make an impact focusing on burn and fire prevention.
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Ho, Chao-Ching. "Nighttime Fire/Smoke Detection System Based on a Support Vector Machine." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/428545.
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Currently, video surveillance-based early fire smoke detection is crucial to the prevention of large fires and the protection of life and goods. To overcome the nighttime limitations of video smoke detection methods, a laser light can be projected into the monitored field of view, and the returning projected light section image can be analyzed to detect fire and/or smoke. If smoke appears within the monitoring zone created from the diffusion or scattering of light in the projected path, the camera sensor receives a corresponding signal. The successive processing steps of the proposed real-time algorithm use the spectral, diffusing, and scattering characteristics of the smoke-filled regions in the image sequences to register the position of possible smoke in a video. Characterization of smoke is carried out by a nonlinear classification method using a support vector machine, and this is applied to identify the potential fire/smoke location. Experimental results in a variety of nighttime conditions demonstrate that the proposed fire/smoke detection method can successfully and reliably detect fires by identifying the location of smoke.
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Faucher, Mary Ann, and Sherry Carter. "Why Girls Smoke: A Proposed Community-Based Prevention Program." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 30, no. 5 (September 2001): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01565.x.
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Sowell, Richard L. "Revised HIV Prevention Strategy: New Hope or Smoke Screen?" Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS care 14, no. 5 (September 2003): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055329003258485.
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Ljaljević, Agima, Elvir Zvrko, Boban Mugoša, Snežana Matijević, and Jasmina Andjelić. "Prevalence of Smoking and Other Smoking-Related Behaviours Among Students Aged 13 to 15 Years in Montenegro: Results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey of 2008." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-1987.
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Prevalence of Smoking and Other Smoking-Related Behaviours Among Students Aged 13 to 15 Years in Montenegro: Results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey of 2008The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is an international study that provides data on youth tobacco use for development of tobacco control programs. It is a school-based survey that uses a standardised methodology for sampling, core questionnaire items, training protocol, field procedures, and data management.This article reports the findings from a GYTS conducted in Montenegro in 2008, which included 5723 adolescents. More than 30 % of students aged 13 to 15 tried smoking, 5.1 % smoked cigarettes, and 3.6 % of students used tobacco products other than cigarettes. Four in 10 ever smokers started to smoke before the age of 10. More than half the students reported secondary smoke exposure at home. Almost all (96.5 %) current smokers bought cigarettes in a store. Two in 10 students owned an artifact with a cigarette or tobacco brand logo on it.The GYTS study has shown that there is an urgent need to introduce effective child-oriented smoking prevention programmes in early elementary school classes. These should be accompanied by public awareness campaigns on smoke-free homes.
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Izzotti, Alberto, Roumen Balansky, Rosanna T. Micale, Alessandra Pulliero, Sebastiano La Maestra, and Silvio De Flora. "Modulation of smoke-induced DNA and microRNA alterations in mouse lung by licofelone, a triple COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitor." Carcinogenesis 41, no. 1 (September 28, 2019): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgz158.
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Abstract Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the carcinogenesis process and, in particular, in smoking-related carcinogenesis. Therefore, anti-inflammatory agents provide an interesting perspective in the prevention of smoking-associated cancers. Among nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), licofelone is a triple inhibitor of both cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) and of 5-lipooxygenase (5-LOX) that has shown some encouraging results in cancer prevention models. We previously showed that the dietary administration of licofelone, starting after weanling, to Swiss H mice exposed for 4 months to mainstream cigarette smoke since birth attenuated preneoplastic lesions of inflammatory nature in both lung and urinary tract, and had some effects on the yield of lung tumors at 7.5 months of age. The present study aimed at evaluating the early modulation by licofelone of pulmonary DNA and RNA alterations either in smoke-free or smoke-exposed H mice after 10 weeks of exposure. Licofelone protected the mice from the smoke-induced loss of body weight and significantly attenuated smoke-induced nucleotide alterations by decreasing the levels of bulky DNA adducts and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in mouse lung. Moreover, the drug counteracted dysregulation by smoke of several pulmonary microRNAs involved in stress response, inflammation, apoptosis, and oncogene suppression. However, even in smoke-free mice administration of the drug had significant effects on a broad panel of microRNAs and, as assessed in a subset of mice used in a parallel cancer chemoprevention study, licofelone even enhanced the smoke-induced systemic genotoxic damage after 4 months of exposure. Therefore, caution should be paid when administering licofelone to smokers for long periods.
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Czaderny, Krzysztof. "Uwarunkowania skłonności do palenia papierosów. Wyniki modelowania równań strukturalnych." Studia Demograficzne, no. 1(171) (June 2, 2017): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/sd.2017.1.3.
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According to the age-period-cohort projection of lung cancer incidence (ICD-10 codes C33-C34), smoking prevention will be crucial for both men and women longevity. Lung cancer remains the main cancer cause of death among males in Poland. In 2014 the number of deaths in Poland caused by lung cancer among men was more than twice as high as for women. The study is focused on identification of attitudes influencing the propensity to smoke, which is performed by structural equation modelling (SEM) based on weighted least squares means and variance adjusted (WLSMV) estimation. Good fit of the presented models is demonstrated by RMSEA, NNFI and CFI values. Reliability of scales is assessed by ordinal alpha and ordinal theta coefficients.
Commitment to learning in childhood exhibits the highest standardized effect on propensity to smoke, which is an argument for youth smoking prevention. Structural equation model was estimated for men and women separately because of gender differences in smoking determinants. A strong character, individualism and self-reliance are the factors, which increase smoking propensity among males. These can be treated as features of masculinity and are not statistically important determinants of being a smoker for females. Depressive disorders, being a victim of violence as adults are statistically significant determinants of smoking among women.
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Gutiérrez-Torres, Daniela S., Sungduk Kim, Paul Albert, Demetrius Albanes, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Maki Inoue-Choi, and Neal D. Freedman. "Abstract 6462: Cigarette smoking reduction and lung cancer risk in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 6462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-6462.
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Abstract Background. Cigarette smoking is a leading cancer risk factor. In addition to quitting smoking, reducing the number of cigarettes/day may decrease risk of lung cancer compared with continuing to smoke more heavily. However, few cohort studies have longitudinal assessments of cigarette use. Methods. We examined the association of changes in smoking status (trying to quit, not smoking at this time, and still smoking) and changes in cigarettes/day with subsequent incidence of lung cancer in 24,613 Finnish male participants of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, a cancer prevention trial of vitamin supplements that collected serial assessments of cigarette use. At baseline (1985-1988), all participants were current smokers 50-69 years old who smoked 5+ cigarettes/day. During the five-to-eight year intervention period, men were asked at 4-month intervals about changes in their smoking use since their last visit. We obtained individual estimates of the proportion of follow-up time (% of time) in each of the three smoking statuses, the transition probabilities between statuses and intercepts and slopes for the number of cigarettes/day. We then examined associations between changes in smoking and in cigarettes/day and subsequent incidence of lung cancer occurring between the end of the trial (April 30, 1993) and December 31, 2012. Using Cox regression, we modeled lung cancer risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) associated with changes in smoking (% of time and number of cigarettes/day) relative to individuals who smoked 20 cigarettes/day across all the study visits. Models were additionally adjusted for age at the end of the trial, ATBC intervention group, education, and age at smoking initiation. Results. Overall, 3013 lung cancers were diagnosed during follow-up. The risk of lung cancer was lower among participants who reduced their smoking intensity by 5 or 10 cigarettes/day [RR=0.80(95%CI:0.71,0.89) and RR=0.64(95%CI:0.51,0.81), respectively]. RRs were further decreased among participants who also smoked at only 50% of study visits [-5 cigarettes/day RR=0.71(95%CI:0.57, 0.90) and -10 cigarettes/day RR=0.46(95%CI:0.44, 0.74)]. Individuals with the lowest risk were those who stopped smoking early at follow-up and continued to not smoke over the intervention period. For example, an individual who began the study smoking 15 cigarettes/day, stop smoking at 4 months and remained not smoking had a RR=0.24(95%CI: 0.11, 0.50). Conclusion: Even in the absence of cessation, smokers may meaningfully lower their lung cancer risk by reducing the number of cigarettes they smoke per day and the proportion of time they smoke. Yet, the lowest risk was observed among smokers who quit completely. Citation Format: Daniela S. Gutiérrez-Torres, Sungduk Kim, Paul Albert, Demetrius Albanes, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Maki Inoue-Choi, Neal D. Freedman. Cigarette smoking reduction and lung cancer risk in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6462.
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Deeba, Kannan, Sattianadan Dasarathan, Srinivasa Rao Kandula, Krishnasamy Selva Sheela, Ravindran Ramkumar, Nagarajan Ashokkumar, and Dhandapani Karthikeyan. "Early fire detection technique for human being using deep learning algorithm." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i3.pp1648-1655.
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Fire and smoke detection in today’s world is a must, especially in clustered areas where a quick response can prevent significant damages and save lives. Early detection plays a significant role in preventing the fire from spreading by alerting the emergency response personnel. It may not be possible to install traditional fire and smoke detectors everywhere. As a result, incorporating fire and smoke detection into existing closed circuit television (CCTV) systems in various places can provide a warning to the appropriate authorities, allowing for quick action to prevent the fire from spreading. This work aims in developing an early fire and smoke prediction model with CCTV footage images and video frames. The images and videos are collected from multiple datasets available online. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model is developed for early detection and prevention of the spreading of fire and compares it with transfer learning models ResNet50 and VGG19. The model obtain an accuracy of around 94% using CNN model, 95% using VGG19 and 98% using ResNet 50. A model with high accuracy can replace traditional fire detection systems which can be both cost-effective and easy to implement to existing surveillance cameras.
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Kaltovich, I., T. Savelyeva, and A. Antipina. "PROCESS METHODS FOR REDUCING (PREVENTING OF THE FORMATION) POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES IN THE PRODUCTION OF MEAT PRODUCTS." Topical issues of processing of meat and milk raw materials, no. 15 (December 21, 2021): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2220-8755-2020-15-166-181.
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The article presents the results of research on technological methods that contribute to reducing the content (prevention of formation) of potentially dangerous substances in the production of meat products. The main factors affecting the reduction (prevention of formation) of trans-isomers of fatty acids in the manufacture of products are identified: the use of raw materials with a small content of adipose tissue and vegetable oils (if necessary) with an initially low content of trans-isomers of fatty acids, a decrease in the duration and temperature of heat treatment, modification of the used fats. It has been found that the most effective methods of reducing benzapirene content in the production of meat products are: selection of the type and composition of wood, checking the moisture content of wood, controlling the amount of oxygen, the temperature in the melting zone (at the stage of smoke generation) and the temperature of smoke in the smoking chamber, the duration of smoking, selecting the smoking chamber and equipment of rational construction, filtering or cooling smoke, cleaning smoke from soot between the smoke generator and the smoking chamber, etc. The main factors affecting the reduction (prevention of formation) of nitrosamines in the manufacture of meat products were identified: a decrease in the amount of nitrite salting mixture used (subject to product safety indicators), a decrease in the temperature and duration of heat treatment of products, the manufacture of natural products with short shelf life, the use of ascorbates, ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid, glucose delta lactone (HDL) to inhibit the formation of nitrosamines and to increase the intensity and stability of coloration of finished products, etc.
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Kwon, Min, Sophia J. Chung, and Jinhwa Lee. "Use of Single, Dual, and Poly Tobacco Products in Korean Adolescents." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 33, no. 5 (June 17, 2021): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10105395211022950.
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This study aimed to examine the prevalence of single, dual, and poly use of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products among Korean adolescent smokers and identify factors related to dual and poly tobacco product use. Data from 4028 current smokers in the 2019 Korea Youth Behavior Web-based Survey were included. Single users accounted for 53.1%, followed by dual users at 24.8% and poly users at 22.1%. The factors influencing dual and poly tobacco product use included male, living in a metropolitan area, risky alcohol drinking, sexual experience, number of cigarettes smoked, secondhand smoke exposure, and easy-to-buy tobacco products. The findings suggest restricting the use of new types of tobacco products in the high-risk group are required to prevent dual and poly use. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide support like education for new tobacco products and smoking cessation, programs for secondhand smoke prevention, or rigorous marketing regulations for adolescents.
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Yoo, Yong Ho, Sang Hun Park, Sang Ju Han, and Hyun Jun Shin. "A Evaluation Study of Local Smoke Control Facility for the Smoke Spread Prevention on Tunnel Fire." Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 14, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2014.14.3.171.
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Kim, Nayoung, Wei-Yin Loh, and Danielle E. McCarthy. "Machine learning models of tobacco susceptibility and current use among adolescents from 97 countries in the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2013-2017." PLOS Global Public Health 1, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): e0000060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000060.
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Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to tobacco initiation and escalation. Identifying factors associated with adolescent tobacco susceptibility and use can guide tobacco prevention efforts. Novel machine learning (ML) approaches efficiently identify interactive relations among factors of tobacco risks and identify high-risk subpopulations that may benefit from targeted prevention interventions. Nationally representative cross-sectional 2013–2017 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data from 97 countries (28 high-income and 69 low-and middle-income countries) from 342,481 adolescents aged 13–15 years (weighted N = 52,817,455) were analyzed using ML regression tree models, accounting for sampling weights. Predictors included demographics (sex, age), geography (region, country-income), and self-reported exposure to tobacco marketing, secondhand smoke, and tobacco control policies. 11.9% (95% CI 11.1%-12.6%) of tobacco-naïve adolescents were susceptible to tobacco use and 11.7% (11.0%-12.5%) of adolescents reported using any tobacco product (cigarettes, other smoked tobacco, smokeless tobacco) in the past 30 days. Regression tree models found that exposure or receptivity to tobacco industry promotions and secondhand smoke exposure predicted increased risks of susceptibility and use, while support for smoke-free air policies predicted decreased risks of tobacco susceptibility and use. Anti-tobacco school education and health warning messages on product packs predicted susceptibility or use, but their protective effects were not evident across all adolescent subgroups. Sex, region, and country-income moderated the effects of tobacco promotion and control factors on susceptibility or use, showing higher rates of susceptibility and use in males and high-income countries, Africa and the Americas (susceptibility), and Europe and Southeast Asia (use). Tobacco policy-related factors robustly predicted both tobacco susceptibility and use in global adolescents, and interacted with adolescent characteristics and other environments in complex ways that stratified adolescents based on their tobacco risk. These findings emphasize the importance of efficient ML modeling of interactions in tobacco risk prediction and suggest a role for targeted prevention strategies for high-risk adolescents.
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Choi, Su-Gil, Yoo-Jeong Choi, and Si-Kuk Kim. "Study on the Application of Carbon Monoxide Sensors for the Prevention of Unwanted Alarms." Fire Science and Engineering 37, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.e6b85d68.
Full textAbstract:
This study analyzed the applicability of CO sensors through UL 268 unwanted alarm tests and real-scale unwanted alarm verification tests tailored to the domestic format. A comprehensive literature review indicated that the UL 268 fire test and the cooking nuisance test results revealed the fire-detection concentration and unwanted alarm concentration of CO and suggested that a real fire can be detected if the concentration of CO is above 17 ppm. Accordingly, during the pork belly and mackerel cooking events, which triggers frequent unwanted alarms in domestic multi-unit dwellings, the UL 268 domestic-type and real-scale unwanted alarm tests were conducted. The test results proved that the smoke detector sufficiently generated a fire alarm owing to the cooking by-products, as it measured up to 21.0 ppm, which is the maximum smoke concentration of the analog smoke detector under all conditions. However, as it was confirmed that the CO concentration was not more than 4.9 ppm in all experiments, it was confirmed that it was suitable for the fire and unwanted alarm-detection concentrations suggested in previous studies. Therefore, in the case of fire detectors, to prevent unwanted alarms in the future, it is important to distinguish between fire alarms and unwanted alarms further through crosschecking according to the applications of smoke and CO sensors.