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1

Elicker, Brett M., Kimberly G. Kallianos, Kirk D. Jones, and Travis S. Henry. "Smoking-Related Lung Disease." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 40, no. 3 (2019): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2018.11.010.

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2

Galvin, Jeffrey R., and Teri J. Franks. "Smoking-related Lung Disease." Journal of Thoracic Imaging 24, no. 4 (2009): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rti.0b013e3181c1abb7.

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3

Franks, Teri J., and Jeffrey R. Galvin. "Smoking-Related “Interstitial” Lung Disease." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 139, no. 8 (2014): 974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2013-0384-ra.

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Context Emphysema, respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, small-airway injury including submucosal and adventitial fibrosis, increased bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue, and small artery/arteriolar wall thickening are recognized histologic findings in cigarette smokers. It has only recently been acknowledged that the range of lung injury from cigarette smoke is wider than generally accepted, in particular, there is increasing recognition that fibrosis of alveolar walls occurs in smokers. Objectives To review the literature th
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4

Bailey, Joseph I., and Ravi Kalhan. "Intercepting Smoking-Related Respiratory Disease." Chest 161, no. 4 (2022): 867–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.12.637.

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5

Chakrabarti, Anob M., Joe Jacobs, Philip L. Molyneaux, Anand Devaraj, and Felix Chua. "Smoking-related Interstitial Lung Disease." Clinical Pulmonary Medicine 23, no. 4 (2016): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cpm.0000000000000150.

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6

Rao, R. Nagarjun, Lawrence R. Goodman, and Joseph F. Tomashefski. "Smoking-related interstitial lung disease." Annals of Diagnostic Pathology 12, no. 6 (2008): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2008.10.001.

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7

Serrano Gotarredona, M. P., S. Navarro Herrero, L. Gómez Izquierdo, and J. A. Rodríguez Portal. "Smoking-related interstitial lung disease." Radiología (English Edition) 64 (December 2022): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rxeng.2022.10.008.

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8

Hudali, Tamer, Ravi Paul Singh Virdi, and Joseph Barney. "SMOKING-RELATED CYSTIC PULMONARY DISEASE." Chest 158, no. 4 (2020): A1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.1012.

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9

Walsh, Simon L. F., Arjun Nair, and Sujal R. Desai. "Interstitial lung disease related to smoking." Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 21, no. 4 (2015): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcp.0000000000000178.

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10

BOYLAN, KATE, and MICHAEL FORTE. "SMOKING-RELATED DIFFUSE CYSTIC LUNG DISEASE." CHEST 166, no. 4 (2024): A3411—A3412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2024.06.2033.

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11

Mariani, Thomas J. "Ironing out smoking-related airway disease." Nature 531, no. 7596 (2016): 586–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature17309.

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12

Ataya, Ali, Leonard Riley, Kristianna Fredenburg, and Mark Brantly. "Smoking-related diffuse cystic lung disease." Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 28 (2019): 100912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.100912.

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13

Lund, Eiliv. "RE: “SMOKING AND ESTROGEN-RELATED DISEASE”." American Journal of Epidemiology 121, no. 2 (1985): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114003.

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14

Gupta, Nishant, Thomas V. Colby, Cristopher A. Meyer, Francis X. McCormack, and Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp. "Smoking-Related Diffuse Cystic Lung Disease." Chest 154, no. 2 (2018): e31-e35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.02.027.

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15

Shapiro, Hagit, Kim Goldenberg, Karina Ratiner, and Eran Elinav. "Smoking-induced microbial dysbiosis in health and disease." Clinical Science 136, no. 18 (2022): 1371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20220175.

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Abstract Smoking is associated with an increased risk of cancer, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, but the precise mechanisms by which such risk is mediated remain poorly understood. Additionally, smoking can impact the oral, nasal, oropharyngeal, lung and gut microbiome composition, function, and secreted molecule repertoire. Microbiome changes induced by smoking can bear direct consequences on smoking-related illnesses. Moreover, smoking-associated dysbiosis may modulate weight gain development following smoking cessation. Here, we review the implications of cigarette smoking on microbi
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16

Constantin, Ancuţa, Maria-Beatrice Catrangiu, and Ana-Luiza Iorga. "Perspectives in Smoking Related Interstitial Lung Diseases." Internal Medicine 21, no. 2 (2024): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/inmed-2024-0293.

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Abstract Interstitial lung disease is a generic term encompassing a wide range of unrelated conditions that have in common a tendency to cause shortness of breath and/or cough associated with bilateral abnormal opacity of various types on conventional chest X-rays or high-resolution computed tomography scans, symptoms including dyspnea, wheezing, cough, and/or sputum production. This study aimed to show that cigarette smoke is a powerful inducer of inflammation and the cause-effect relationship between cigarette smoking and interstitial diseases – respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstit
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17

I. Papaioannou, Andriana, Spyridon Papiris, Georgia Papadaki, et al. "Surfactant Proteins in Smoking-Related Lung Disease." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 14 (2016): 1574–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026616666150930120640.

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18

Galvin, J. R. "4428 Smoking related non-neoplastic lung disease." Journal de Radiologie 87, no. 10 (2006): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0221-0363(06)86670-9.

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19

Nana-Sinkam, S. P. "Prostacyclin Synthase in Smoking-related Lung Disease." Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 3, no. 6 (2006): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/pats.200603-074ms.

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20

Allen, Ace. "Smoking-related disease in a VA hospital." Preventive Medicine 17, no. 4 (1988): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(88)90043-6.

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21

Burns, A., J. D. Strawbridge, L. Clancy, K. Bennett, and F. Doyle. "Exploring Smoking, Mental Health and Smoking-Related Disease in Older Adults." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 85 (June 2016): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.03.141.

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22

Cheng, Stephanie, and Tan Lucien H. Mohammed. "Diffuse Smoking-Related Lung Disease: Emphysema and Interstitial Lung Disease." Seminars in Roentgenology 50, no. 1 (2015): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ro.2014.04.009.

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23

Tsai, Amy Po Yu, Jimmy Po-Nien Tsai, Lauren Stewart, Jeffrey Brubacher, and Ka Wai Cheung. "Prevalence of potential smoking-related conditions among tobacco users in the emergency department and their perception that their visit may be smoking-related." CJEM 19, no. 3 (2016): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.381.

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AbstractObjectivesPatients who are tobacco users present to the emergency department (ED) with many medical conditions that are causally or potentially causally related to smoking. Previous studies have shown increased cessation rates for patients who accurately perceive that their ED visit is smoking-related. Our study goals were 1) to determine the prevalence of potential smoking-related conditions among tobacco users at a tertiary care academic ED, and 2) to determine which medical conditions are more or less likely to be perceived by patients as smoking-related.MethodsWe included adults≥19
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24

Bilodeau, Elizabeth A., and James Guggenheimer. "Relevance of smoking interventions for dental clinic patients with smoking-related disease." Journal of Public Health Dentistry 78, no. 2 (2017): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12255.

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25

Kristina, Susi Ari, Dwi Endarti, Chairun Wiedyaningsih, Arifina Fahamsya, and Nurul Faizah. "Health Care Cost of Noncommunicable Diseases Related to Smoking in Indonesia, 2015." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 30, no. 1 (2018): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539517751311.

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This study aimed to estimate the current prevalence and treatment cost of noncommunicable diseases attributed to tobacco in the Indonesian population in 2015. An epidemiological study was performed. Using the national universal coverage database, we calculated the morbidity and treatment cost of 19 diseases. Proportion of smoking-attributed diseases and treatment costs because of smoking were calculated using smoking-attributable fraction. The study revealed that the morbidity of smoking-related diseases accounted for 991 331 cases, about 21.6% of total cases of chronic diseases in Indonesia.
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26

Filomena Santarelli, Maria, Linda Landini, Vincenzo Positano, and Luigi Landini. "Can Imaging Techniques Identify Smoking-Related Cardiovascular Disease?" Current Pharmaceutical Design 16, no. 23 (2010): 2578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210792062911.

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27

Galev, Georgi, Sharada Nagoti, Irene Sansano, Susan M. Armstrong, Meredith Herman, and Sanjay Mukhopadhyay. "Smoking and the lung: Landmark papers (1929–2023)." Journal of Diagnostic and Academic Pathology 1, no. 1 (2024): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jdap.jdap_9_24.

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ABSTRACT Our understanding of the ways in which smoking damages the lung has evolved significantly over the last 100 years, and a large body of scientific literature on this topic has accumulated. It has become clear that smoking causes not only lung cancer but also emphysema, interstitial fibrosis, Langerhans cell proliferation, accumulation of pigmented macrophages and cystic change in various permutations. Some patients with these abnormalities are symptomatic while in others they remain subclinical. The aim of this review is to trace the history of our understanding of the role of smoking
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28

Li, Guanwei, Jianan Ren, Gefei Wang, et al. "Disease-related knowledge and smoking behavior of patients with Crohn's disease." Digestive and Liver Disease 48, no. 9 (2016): 1006–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2016.05.015.

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29

Mukhopadhyay, Sanjay, Scott W. Aesif, and Irene Sansano. "Five simple reasons to discard DIP, or why we should stop calling dolphins big fish." Journal of Clinical Pathology 73, no. 11 (2020): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206669.

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The aim of this review is to explain why the term ‘desquamative interstitial pneumonia’ (DIP) should be discarded and replaced with modern terminology. Reason 1: DIP is a misnomer. Within a few years after the term was coined, it was shown that the airspace cells in DIP are macrophages not desquamated pneumocytes. Reason 2: As a result of overly simplistic and poorly defined histologic criteria, DIP is currently a mixed bag of smoking-related diseases and unrelated processes in never-smokers. Reason 3: DIP obfuscates the modern concept that smoking causes some forms of parenchymal lung disease
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30

Olson, Jana, William Aryitey, and Roberta Costanzo. "Nicotine: From plants to people." Medicinska rec 1, no. 3 (2020): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/medrec2003142o.

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Nicotine is naturally present in many crops, including but not limited to tobacco, eggplant, and tomatoes. Only in the tobacco plant is nicotine present in high enough quantities (~2% of dry weight) to have pharmacological effects. People have recognized the stimulating effects of the smoke created by burning dried tobacco leaves for thousands of years, and cigarette smoking remains the most common form of nicotine uptake from tobacco. Decades of epidemiologic data show that smoking causes a number of serious diseases (including cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pul
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31

Sapkota, Prakash, Prakash Budhathoky, and Stanley Mathew. "Smoking and Thromboangitis Obliterans– Are they related." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 52, no. 194 (2014): 802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.2755.

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Introduction: In 1908 Leo Buerger first gave the world the clinical picture of this dreadful disease which he called Thromboangitis Obliterans. Virtually all investigators believe that smoking or tobacco use in some form is a requirement for the diagnosis of Thromboangitis Obliterans. We studied the demographic profile and smoking pattern of patients with Thromboangiitis Obliterans.
 Methods: Retrospective study carried out in a tertiary level hospital of South India from 1st January 1997 to 31st December 2003. Patients fulfilling Shionoya’s criteria form the study group. Incidence of Thr
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32

Leila, Hosseini Hossein Vatanpour* Mehdi Mohammadzadeh Mohamadreza Abdolahi Rita Motidostkomleh. "SMOKING-ATTRIBUTABLE FRACTION (SAF) OF MEDICAL CARE COSTS FOR CANCER PATIENTS." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 12 (2017): 4387–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1098411.

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Objectives: the economic impact of smoking on developing countries such as Iran has not been well documented still. This study aimed to develop the estimates of the direct costs of medicine for smoking in Iran during 2014. Methods: A prevalence-based approach was used to estimate the annual costs of smoking. Then, an econometric model was applied to estimate the Smoking-Attributable Fraction (SAF) for direct costs (prescription medicine) of smoking-attributable diseases. A variety of sociodemographic, economic, and behavioral factors were controlled by the model. Results: In 2014, the estimate
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33

Giudice, Renata, Raffaele Izzo, Maria Virgina Manzi, et al. "Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors, Smoking Status and Cardiovascular Disease." High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention 19, no. 2 (2012): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11632140-000000000-00000.

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34

Attili, Anil K., Ella A. Kazerooni, Barry H. Gross, Kevin R. Flaherty, Jeffrey L. Myers, and Fernando J. Martinez. "Smoking-related Interstitial Lung Disease: Radiologic-Clinical-Pathologic Correlation." RadioGraphics 28, no. 5 (2008): 1383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.285075223.

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35

Eberth, Barbara, Damilola Olajide, Peter Craig, and Anne Ludbrook. "Smoking-related disease risk, area deprivation and health behaviours." Journal of Public Health 36, no. 1 (2013): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdt031.

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36

Beasley, Mary Beth. "Smoking-related Small Airway Disease—A Review and Update." Advances in Anatomic Pathology 17, no. 4 (2010): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pap.0b013e3181e3bf97.

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37

SHAHAR, EYAL, LORI L BOLAND, AARON R FOLSOM, MELVYN S TOCKMAN, PAUL G McGOVERN, and JOHN H ECKFELDT. "Docosahexaenoic Acid and Smoking-Related Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 159, no. 6 (1999): 1780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.159.6.9810068.

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38

Giudice, Renata, Raffaele Izzo, Maria Virgina Manzi, et al. "Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors, Smoking Status and Cardiovascular Disease." High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention 19, no. 2 (2012): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03262458.

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39

Exley, Christopher, Amina Begum, Mark P. Woolley, and Roger N. Bloor. "Aluminum in Tobacco and Cannabis and Smoking-Related Disease." American Journal of Medicine 119, no. 3 (2006): 276.e9–276.e11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.08.004.

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40

Kuwabara, Masanari, Koichiro Niwa, Yutaro Nishi, and Ichiro Hisatome. "PT333 The Relationship between Smoking and Cardiovascular Related Disease." Global Heart 9, no. 1 (2014): e232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.2063.

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41

Goicochea, Lindsay, Aletta Ann Frazier, Nevins Todd, and Allen Burke. "Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Smoking-Related Lung Disease." Pathology Case Reviews 18, no. 3 (2013): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pcr.0b013e31829205c7.

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42

Hague, Cameron J., Natasha Krowchuk, Donya Alhassan, et al. "Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Smoking-related Lung Disease." Journal of Thoracic Imaging 29, no. 6 (2014): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rti.0000000000000118.

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43

Douse, J. M. "4.83 million died from smoking related disease in 2000." Thorax 58, no. 12 (2003): 1057—a—1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.58.12.1057-a.

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44

Krishnan, Sathish Kumar, Kumar Shah, and Gurminder Dhillon. "Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Disease in a Non-Smoker." Chest 150, no. 4 (2016): 490A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2016.08.504.

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45

Benowitz, Neal L. "The Role of Nicotine in Smoking-Related Cardiovascular Disease." Preventive Medicine 26, no. 4 (1997): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1997.0175.

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46

Li, Minhao, Qiyue Liu, Baoyi Zhang, and Jiachen Sun. "Data analysis of lung cancer incidence." Applied and Computational Engineering 84, no. 1 (2024): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/84/20240773.

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Lung cancer has been widely considered as a global high incidence-disease, and its incidence is related to many factors, like smoking, genetics, and other diseases. This paper aims to model and analyse a database to further study the relationship between the incidence of lung cancer and other factors by utilizing a clinical database containing the patient information such as disease diagnoses, age, gender, and smoking. The model finds that patients with allergy and swallowing difficulty have significantly high incidence of lung cancer, while smoking does not show a highly positive association
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47

Zahra, Aqeela, Hae-Kwan Cheong, and Jae-Hyun Park. "Burden of Disease Attributable to Smoking in Korea." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 29, no. 1 (2016): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539516675696.

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Smoking is one of the major health threats and is highly prevalent in Korea. This study quantifies the burden of disease (BOD) resulting from smoking by using the most reliable national statistics of Korea. We followed Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2013 methodology for estimating BOD attributable to smoking. Population attributable fraction was calculated for all diseases and multiplied by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to obtain BOD by each disease. Total burden of smoking in Korea was 1 368 072 DALYs (38 per 1000); 68% of the disease burden was in males and 32% in females. The
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48

Harner, Stephen G., Brian W. Blakey, and Joan E. Blakey. "Smoking and Middle Ear Disease: Are they Related? A Review Article." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 112, no. 3 (1995): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989570281-4.

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The relationship between passive smoking and middle ear disease was reviewed. The hypothesis that acute otitis media, serous otitis media, and related diseases in children are caused by inhalation of second-hand smoke has been accepted by many. We reviewed the literature on this topic. There are many studies that do not support the hypothesis. There is no indication that the smokers themselves have a higher incidence of middle ear disease. Considering the difficulty of publishing negative studies, the need for academics to publish significant findings, and the poor foundation for some authors”
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49

Kaur-Knudsen, Diljit, Stig E. Bojesen, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, and Børge G. Nordestgaard. "Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Polymorphism, Smoking Behavior, and Tobacco-Related Cancer and Lung and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 21 (2011): 2875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.32.9870.

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Purpose We examined the associations between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor polymorphism (rs1051730) on chromosome 15q25 marking the gene cluster CHRNA3-CHRNB4-CHRNA5, smoking behavior, and tobacco-related cancer and lung and cardiovascular diseases in the general population. Methods Ten thousand three hundred thirty participants from the Copenhagen City Heart Study were genotyped and observed prospectively with up to 18 years of 100% complete follow-up. Smoking behavior was measured at baseline. End points were lung cancer, bladder cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic
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50

Ho, Laurie Long Kwan, William Ho Cheung Li, and Ankie Tan Cheung. "Helping patients with chronic diseases quit smoking by understanding their risk perception, behaviour, and smoking-related attitudes." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (2023): e0284690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284690.

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Continued smoking among patients with chronic diseases detrimentally affects their health and treatment outcomes. However, a majority of smokers with chronic diseases appear to have no intention to quit. Understanding the needs and concerns of this population is a crucial step in facilitating the design of an appropriate smoking cessation intervention. This study aimed to understand the risk perception, behaviours, attitudes, and experiences related to smoking and smoking cessation among patients with chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and/or dia
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