Relevant bibliographies by topics / Smolder

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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Smolder'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Smolder"

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Liu, Yang, M. Chen, J. Buckmaster, and T. L. Jackson. "Smolder waves, smolder spots, and the genesis of tribrachial structures in smolder combustion." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 30, no. 1 (January 2005): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.183.

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Schult, D. "Forced forward smolder combustion." Combustion and Flame 104, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(95)00102-6.

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Lozinski, David, and John Buckmaster. "Quenching of reverse smolder." Combustion and Flame 102, no. 1-2 (July 1995): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(94)00242-k.

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Schult, D. A. "Forced forward smolder combustion." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, no. 3 (May 1996): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)88872-2.

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Wanna, Joseph T., Adriano Polo, and Dundee Schettino. "The Smoldering Potential of Used Upholstery Fabrics: Unsoiled vs. Soiled." Journal of Fire Sciences 14, no. 2 (March 1996): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419601400207.

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The objective of this research was to determine the effect of soil ing, through wear, on the smoldering potential of upholstery fabrics. This research was done to test the supposition that smolder resistant fabrics on new furniture will become more susceptible to smoldering with soiling and age. This is shown not to be the case. Sixty used upholstery fabrics were collected from eight upholstery shops, and areas of each fabric were determined to be either "soiled" or "unsoiled." A soiled area is an exposed surface of the upholstery fabric, whereas an unsoiled area is not exposed. Each fabric's compo sition, e.g., cellulose or synthetic, was determined, and soiled and unsoiled samples from each fabric were analyzed for pertinent chemical and physical characteristics. For the majority of fabrics, the smoldering potential of the soiled areas did not increase with respect to the unsoiled areas. In fact, more fabrics exhibited a reduced (versus increased) tendency to smolder upon soiling. Of the 27 cellulosic fabrics, only 2 fabrics changed from non-smoldering in the unsoiled area to smoldering in the soiled area. But, 6 fabrics that smoldered in the unsoiled area did not smolder in the soiled area. Two ions that play a major catalytic role in smoldering ignitions, sodium and potassium, showed increased levels in soiled areas by approximately 800 ppm and 480 ppm, respectively. These increases did not account for the observed changes in smolder potential. The increase in sodium and potassium ion levels for the synthetic fabrics was equivalent to those of the cellulosic fabrics. Calcium and magnesium did not in crease between soiled and unsoiled fabric areas. Of the six anions analyzed for unsoiled and soiled areas of the 60 fabrics, levels of chloride and sulfate anions increased in the soiled samples compared to the unsoiled.
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Wanna, Joseph T., Christine A. Rouse, Paul L. Chen, Geraldine E. Henderson, and Linda C. Greear. "Smoldering Potential and Characterization of Used Upholstery Fabrics." Journal of Fire Sciences 14, no. 5 (September 1996): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419601400506.

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To examine the effects of soiling on the smolder potential of upholstered furniture, sixty-six used upholstery fabrics were collected in the state of Georgia and sections of each fabric were determined to be either "soiled" or "unsoiled." A soiled area is an exposed surface of the upholstery fabric, whereas an unsoiled area is not exposed. Each fabric's composition (cell ulosic, synthetic, or mixed fibers) was determined, and soiled and unsoiled samples from each fabric were analyzed for pertinent chemical and physical characteristics. For the majority of fabrics, the smoldering potential of the soiled areas did not increase with respect to the unsoiled areas. In fact, more fabrics exhibited a reduced (versus increased) tendency to smolder upon soiling. Six fabrics that smoldered in the unsoiled condition did not smolder in the soiled condition. This study confirms results reported on used upholstery fabrics collected in the state of Virginia. Statistical analysis performed on data from each study and the combined data showed that smoldering potential had a statistically significant correlation to fabric, but not to soiling. Two ions that play a major catalytic role in smoldering ignitions, sodium and potassium, showed increased levels in soiled areas of the cellulosic fabrics by approx imately 700 ppm and 480 ppm, respectively. These increases did not account for the observed changes in smolder potential. The increase in sodium and potassium ion levels for all sixty-six fabrics collected in Georgia were equiva lent to those of the sixty fabrics collected in Virginia. Calcium and magnesium ions did not increase between soiled and unsoiled fabric areas. Chloride and sulfate increased in the soiled samples compared to the unsoiled. Levels of nitrate and phosphate did not change with soiling.
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Torero, Jose, A. Fernandez-Pello, and M. Kitano. "Downward Smolder Of Polyurethane Foam." Fire Safety Science 4 (1994): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3801/iafss.fss.4-409.

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Lu, Z., J. Buckmaster, M. Chen, and L. Massa. "Instabilities of reverse smolder waves." Combustion Theory and Modelling 10, no. 3 (June 2006): 515–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13647830500497682.

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Lyman, CS, TA Perfetti, DM Riggs, and WT Morgan. "Thermal Emissivity and Cigarette Coal Temperature During Smolder." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 20, no. 6 (July 1, 2003): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0755.

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AbstractCoal temperatures affect the burn properties of cigarettes. Thermal imaging was used to determine the average maximum surface coal temperatures during smolder of cigarettes of different tobacco types. The thermal imaging camera was calibrated against a reference blackbody. An emissivity correction was necessary since the set point temperatures of the reference blackbody did not correspond to the measured temperatures of the reference blackbody. A 0.87 camera emissivity was applied to provide accurate coal temperatures at a corrected emissivity of approximately 1. The average maximum surface coal temperatures during smolder of unfiltered single-tobacco-type cigarettes and a commercial blend cigarette were determined (with the camera lens focused parallel to the cigarette), and no discernible differences among them were found. The calculated average maximum surface coal temperature during smolder for all cigarettes was 584 AA± 15 °C. During smolder, thermocouples were used to measure the temperature of the gas phase (along the central axis of coal), and the thermal imaging camera was used to measure the temperature of the solid phase of the coal's surface. Using thermocouples, the peak coal temperatures in the center of the coal during smolder for three filtered single-tobacco-type cigarettes were 736-744 °C. Peak coal temperatures, measured by thermal imaging, on the surface of the coal (with the camera lens focused coaxially with the coal and the ash removed) for the same three single-tobacco-type cigarettes had a range of 721-748 °C. There was good correspondence between the two techniques. These results confirm that during smolder the gas-phase temperature inside the coal (as measured with the thermocouple) and the solid-phase temperatures beneath the ash (as measured with the camera) are in near thermal equilibrium. With proper calibration, a thermal imaging system is a good alternative to thermocouples for measuring cigarette coal temperatures.
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Lu, Zhanbin, and Yong Dong. "Fingering instability in forward smolder combustion." Combustion Theory and Modelling 15, no. 6 (December 2011): 795–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13647830.2011.564658.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Smolder"

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Choi, Sai Heung. "Smolder behavior and smoke characterization of polyurethane foam /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202004%20CHOI.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-67). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Pironi, Paolo. "Smouldering combustion of organic liquids in porous media for remediating NAPL-contaminated soils." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3222.

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This research investigated the potential of smouldering combustion to be employed as a remediation approach for soil contaminated by non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Small-scale (~15 cm), proof-of-concept experiments were the first to demonstrate that organic liquids embedded within an inert soil matrix can be successfully smouldered. Intermediate-scale (~30 cm) column experiments examined in detail the behaviour of the combustion process including its relationship to mass and energy balance and the evolution of temperature profiles. In addition, detailed evaluations of environmental parameters (e.g., soil concentrations, gas emissions) were conducted. For the first time, it was demonstrated that NAPL smouldering combustion can be self-sustaining (i.e., propagation of the smouldering front after termination of the igniter) and self-terminating (i.e., natural extinction of the reaction after all of the NAPL is destroyed). More than 30 column sensitivity experiments quantified the broad range of process parameters - including contaminant type, contaminant mass, soil type, and oxidizer flow rates - within which the process was self-sustaining and essentially complete remediation was achieved (i.e. contaminant mass removal in excess of 99.5%). Maximum burning temperatures were observed in the range 600-1100 C. Average propagation velocities varied between 0.7e-4 and 1.2e-4 m/s. Intensity and velocity of the process were shown to be controlled by the rate at which oxidizer is delivered. Contaminant type and mass was observed to affect peak temperatures and propagation velocity by influencing the energy balance at the reaction front. Moreover, mass and energy balance models were demonstrated to provide reasonable predictions of the observed propagation velocities. Overall, this research introduced an entirely new approach to the remediation of NAPL-contaminated soils and, further, advanced the understanding of the mechanisms that control the underlying process of smouldering combustion of liquids.
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Davisson, David Michael. ""Smole trifeles" : the itinerant in British North America." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002393.

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Bernhart, Alexander [Verfasser], Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Möller, and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Smoliner. "Mikroskopie mit ballistischen Elektronen und Löchern / Alexander Bernhart. Gutachter: Jürgen Smoliner. Betreuer: Rolf Möller." Duisburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1029288402/34.

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Smoliner, Christine [Verfasser]. "Risikofaktoren, Folgen und Therapie der Malnutrition am Beispiel des geriatrischen und des onkologischen Patienten / Christine Smoliner." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1026883164/34.

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Fritsch, Anne [Verfasser], and Michaela [Akademischer Betreuer] Smolle. "Deciphering the relationship between Paa1 and remodeler complexes Isw1a and Isw1b / Anne Fritsch ; Betreuer: Michaela Smolle." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235326144/34.

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Smolne, Sebastian [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Buback, and Philipp [Gutachter] Vana. "Cu- and Fe-mediated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization in Aqueous Solution / Sebastian Smolne. Betreuer: Michael Buback. Gutachter: Michael Buback ; Philipp Vana." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1110148224/34.

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Smolne, Sebastian Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Buback, and Philipp [Gutachter] Vana. "Cu- and Fe-mediated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization in Aqueous Solution / Sebastian Smolne. Betreuer: Michael Buback. Gutachter: Michael Buback ; Philipp Vana." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-0028-87E3-5-1.

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Mirjana, Jovičić. "Projektovanje strukture premaza na bazi klasičnih i hiperrazgranatih alkidnih smola." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2011. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=77634&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Sintetisane su klasične alkidne smole polazeći od ricinolne kiseline, anhidrida ftalnekiseline i tri poliola (glicerina, trimetilolpropana i etoksilovanog pentaeritritola), kao ihiperrazgranati alkidi na osnovu ditrimetilolpropana, dimetilolpropionske kiseline iricinolne kiseline. Smole su karakterisane određivanjem hidroksilnog i kiselinskog broja,viskoznosti, srednjih molskih masa i njihove raspodele. Struktura sintetisanih smola jepotvrđena infracrvenom spektroskopijom sa Furijeovom transformacijom (FTIR).Sintetisani alkidi imaju veliki sadržaj hidroksilnih grupa, a mali kiselinski broj. Prisustvohidroksilnih grupa, kao krajnjih funkcionalnih grupa, omogućuje modifikaciju alkidnihsmola i dobijanje materijala različitih svojstava. Sintetisani alkidi su umrežavani satriizobutoksimetil i heksametoksimetil melaminskom smolom u cilju dobijanja umreženog materijala željene strukture i svojstava za primenu u premazima. Umrežavanje smeša smola praćeno je FTIR spektroskopijom, dinamičko skanirajućom kalorimetrijom (DSC), reometrijom, kao i određivanjem sadržaja gela. Ispitivana su toplotna svojstva, dinamičkomehaničko ponašanje, fizičko-mehaničke karakteristike i hemijska otpornost filmova premaza. Umrežavanje smeša smola teče uglavnom preko hidroksilnih i karboksilnih grupa alkida sa izobutoksimetil i metoksimetil grupama u melaminskim smolama. Sintetisane klasične alkidne smole u smeši sa melaminskim smolama umrežavaju u temperaturnom opsegu od 90 do 170 0C, a hiperrazgranati alkidi od 80 do 170 0C, što su uobičajene temperature u tehnologiji lakova koji umrežavaju “pečenjem“. Umreženi filmovi premaza su toplotno veoma stabilni, budući da početak razgradnje premaza započinje na temperaturama od 281 do 330 0C. Potvrđeno je da postoji linearna zavisnost između modula izgubljene energije na 25 0C, koji je mera viskoznog odgovora materijala, i tvrdoće premaza određene metodom klatna. Svi projektovani premazi, bez obzira na nesavršenost nastale polimerne mreže, su pokazali zadovoljavajuća svojstva. Najbolja svojstva od klasičnih alkidnih premaza ima onaj na osnovu smeše alkida sa etoksilovanim pentaeritritolom i heksametoksimetil melaminske smole. Korišćenje hiperrazgranatih alkidnih smola kao veziva u ekološki prihvatljivim premazima ima prednost zbog manjeg sadržaja organskih rastvarača i manje viskoznosti u odnosu na klasične smole. Pretpostavljeno je da bi smeše sintetisanih klasičnih i hiperrazgranatih alkida sa melaminskim smolama (maseni odnos 70:30) bile pogodne za primenu u industriji boja i lakova. Potvrđeno je da su sistemi alkid/melaminska smola veoma složeni. Dobijeni rezultati omogućuju da se objasni uticaj građe prekursora na strukturu nastale polimerne mreže, a time i na svojstva premaza.
Conventional alkyd resins based on ricinoleic acid, phthalic anhydride and three polyols (glycerin, trimethylolpropane or ethoxylated pentaerythritol), as well as hyperbranched alkyds based on ditrimethylolpropane, dimethylol propionic acid and ricinoleic acid were synthesized. Prepared alkyds were characterized by the determination of hydroxyl and acid numbers, viscosity, average molecular masses and molecular masses distribution. The structure of synthesized resins is confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Obtained alkyd resins have high content of hydroxyl groups and low acid number. The presence of hydroxyl groups as functional end groups opens up a high potential for further chemical modifications and for obtaining materials with different properties. Synthesized alkyds were cured by triisobutoxymethyl- and hexamethoxymethyl melamine resins, in order to obtain crosslinked material with desired structure and properties for coating applications. Curing of the resin mixtures were examined by FTIR spectroscopy, dynamic scanning calorimety (DSC), rheometry and by the determination of gel content. Thermal properties, dynamic mechanical behavior, physico-mechanical characteristics and chemical resistance of coated films were determined. Curing of the resin mixtures proceeds via the reactions between hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of alkyds with isobutoxymethyl and metoxymethyl groups in melamine resins. Synthesized alkyd/melamine resin mixtures became cured in the temperature range from 80 to 170 0C, which is the usual temperature range employed in the baking enamel technology. Cured films are thermally very stable since the onset of films degradation starts at high temperatures (from 281 to 330 0C). It is confirmed that there is a linear dependence between the loss modulus at 25 0C, which is the measure of the material viscosity response, and the coating hardness determined by pendulum method. All projected coatings, despite of defects in the resulting polymer networks, show satisfying properties. Among the conventional systems coating based on mixture of alkyd with ethoxylated pentaerythritol and hexamethoxymethyl melamine resin show the best properties. Application of hyperbranched alkyd resins, as binders in environment friendly coatings has an advantage due to less content of organic solvent and lower viscosity, compared to conventional alkyd resins. It is supposed that the combination of synthesized conventional and hyperbranched alkyds with melamine resins (weight ratio of 70:30 based on dried mass) could be employed as new materials for the industrial preparation of baking enamels. It is confirmed that alkyd/melamine resin systems are very complex. Results obtained enable to explain the effect of precursor type on the structure of resulting polymer network, and thus, on the coating properties.
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Vesna, Teofilović. "Strukturiranje i određivanje kinetike reakcija nastajanja funkcionalnih hibridnih materijala na osnovu epoksidnih smola." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=111006&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji je ispitan uticaj montmorilonita itermoplastičnih segmentiranih poliuretana na kinetiku reakcijaumrežavanja, strukturu i svojstva funkcionalnih hibridnihmaterijala na osnovu epoksidnih smola. Pripremljene su dveserije uzoraka hibridnih materijala: prva na osnovu epoksidnesmole sa različitim sadržajem organski modifikovanogmontmorilonita (0, 1, 3, 5 i 10 mas.%) umrežene saumreživačem Jeffamine D-230; druga serija je sintetisana naosnovu epoksidne smole, sa različitim sadržajem (10, 15 i 20mas.%) termoplastičnog poliuretanskog elastomera sarazličitim sadržajem tvrdih segmenata (20, 25 i 30 mas.%)sintetisanih na osnovu alifatičnog polikarbonatnog diola iheksametilendiizocijanata i produživača lanca butandiola, kaoi katalizatora dibutiltin dilaurata; kao i bez dodatog elastomeraumrežene sa diaminom Jeffamine D-2000. Umrežavanjereaktivnih sistema sa projektovanim sirovinskim sastavom jepraćeno diferencijalnom skenirajućom kalorimetrijom (DSC).Modeli izokonverzije primenjeni su da se ustanovi da lidodatak punila utiče na reakciju umrežavanja hibridnihmaterijala. Sintetisani materijali su analizirani dinamičkomehaničkomanalizom (DMA), mikroskopijom atomskih sila(AFM), kao i TG-DSC i TG-MS metodama i određena sumehanička svojstva (zatezna čvrstoća, prekidno izduženje itvrdoća po Šoru A). Epoksidni materijal sa 10 mas.% organskimodifikovanog montmorilonita ima značajno niže vrednostienergija aktivacije za definisane stepene reagovanja, čime jepotvrđen katalitički efekat gline sa slojevitom strukturom kadaje prisutna u reakcionoj smeši u dovoljnoj količini. Uticajotežane difuzije pri kraju reakcije je izraženiji u prisustvumontmorilonita, čime je pokazano da njegovo prisustvo utičena ceo mehanizam umrežavanja. Utvrđeno je da na vrednostiG', pored udela montmorilonita, utiče i stepen dispergovanjačestica unutar polimerne matrice. Zaključeno je da dodatakpunila do 3 mas. % utiče povoljno na ispitana mehaničkasvojstva, dok pri sadržaju od 5 i 10 mas. % dolazi doaglomeracije čestica punila, što negativno utiče na ispitanasvojstva, osim tvrdoće, koja se povećava linearno sa dodatkompunila montmorilonita. Na osnovu rezultata TG analizezaključeno je da je sa porastom udela montmorilonita uepoksidnoj matrici termička stabilnost uzoraka ispitivanih uatmosferi vazduha neznatno poboljšana, dok u inertnojatmosferi nema uticaja na termičku stabilnost, niti namehanizam raspada hibridnih materijala na osnovu epoksidnihsmola sa različitim udelima montmorilonita. Kod sistema kodkojih je dodavan termoplastični poliuretanski elastomer,zaključeno je da pri većem sadržaju segmentiranih poliuretanau epoksidnoj matrici (10 i 15 mas.%) proces umrežavanjazapočinje na nižim temperaturama i maksimalna brzina seostvaruje na nižim temperaturama, a najveća vrednostpromena ukupne entalpije reakcije umrežavanja je određena zahibridni materijal sa poliuretanom koji u svojoj strukturi ima30 mas.% tvrdih segmenata. Zatezna čvrstoća hibridnihmaterijala raste sa porastom udela tvrdih segmenata u strukturipoliuretana, kao i sa porastom masenog udela poliuretanskogelastomera u epoksidnoj matrici. Dodatkom termoplastičnihsegmentiranih poliuretana značajno je povećano prekidnoizduženje epoksidnih smola. Sa porastom udela tvrdihsegmenata kod poliuretana dodatih u istom masenom procentuu epoksidnu matricu, tvrdoća raste. Ustanovljeno je da nakonačna svojstva hibridnih materijala utiče izbor polaznihkomponenti, način umešavanja punila u matricu i uslovi prikojima se vrši umrežavanje. Zaključeno je da je dobropoznavanje kinetičkih parametara reakcije umrežavanja važnoza pravilan odabir optimalnih uslova za proizvodnju i preraduhibridnih materijala u industrijskim uslovima.
In this thesis the influence of clay fillers and thermoplasticsegmented polyurethanes on the curing kinetics, structure andproperties of functional hybrid materials based on epoxy resinswas assessed. Two sets of hybrid material samples wereprepared. First type of samples was based on epoxy resin witha different content of organically modified montmorillonite (0,1, 3, 5 and 10 wt. %) and crosslinking with hardener JeffamineD-230. Second type of samples was based on epoxy resin,having different content (10, 15 and 20 wt. %) of thermoplasticsegmented polyurethane with different content of hardsegments (20, 25 and 30 wt. %) based on aliphaticpolycarbonate macrodiols and hexamethylene diisocyanate,with chain extender 1,4-butanediol and the catalyst, dibutyltindilaurate, and also a sample without added elastomericpolyurethane and crosslinking with hardener Jeffamine D-2000. The curing of the hybrid materials based on epoxy resinssystems were investigated by non-isothermal differentialscanning calorimetry (DSC). The kinetic study byisoconversion models has been carried out using data fromDSC. The synthesized materials were analyzed by dynamicmechanicalanalysis (DMA), atomic force microscopy (AFM)as well as TG-DSC and TG-MS methods and mechanicalproperties (tensile strength, elongation and hardness at ShoreA) were determined. Epoxy based hybrid material with 10 wt.% of the organically modified montmorillonite hassignificantly lower activation energy values for the definedreaction rates, thereby confirming the catalytic effect of theclay with the layered structure when present in the reactionmixture in sufficient quantity. The diffusion effects at the endof the reaction are more pronounced in the presence ofmontmorillonite, which indicates that its presence affects theentire curing mechanism. It was found that G', along withmontmorillonite content, is affected by the degree of particledispersion inside the polymer matrix. It was concluded that theaddition of montmorillonite up to 3 wt. % improvesinvestigated mechanical properties, while the samples with 5and 10 wt. % of montmorillonite resulted in agglomeration ofthe filler particles, which negatively influenced theinvestigated properties, except for the hardness whichincreases linearly with the addition of montmorillonite. TGanalysis shows that the increase of montmorillonite content inthe epoxy matrix slightly improves the thermal stability in theair, while in the inert atmosphere there is no influence on thethermal stability nor on the mechanism of the decompositionof epoxy based hybrid materials. In the system with athermoplastic polyurethane filler, it was concluded that hybridmaterials with a higher content of segmented polyurethane (10and 15 wt. %), curing process starts at lower temperatures andthe maximum speed is achieved at lower temperatures and thehighest value of changes in total enthalpy of the crosslinkingreaction is determined for the epoxy hybrid material withpolyurethanes containing 30 wt. % of hard segments. Tensilestrength of hybrid materials increases with the increase of hardsegments content in the polyurethane elastomer as well as withthe increase of polyurethane content in the epoxy matrix. Theaddition of thermoplastic segmented polyurethanessignificantly increased the elongation at break of preparedepoxy resins hybrid materials. The increase of the hardsegments content in polyurethane, in the same ratio, improveshardness of epoxy based hybrid material. It was concluded thatthe final properties of hybrid materials are influenced by theselection of initial compounds, methods of processing and thecuring conditions. It was concluded, as well that knowing thekinetic parameters of curing reaction is important for theproper selection of optimal parameters for production andprocessing of hybrid materials in industrial conditions.
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Books on the topic "Smolder"

1

Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Smolder. New York: Signet Eclipse, 2010.

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Ohlemiller, T. J. Products of wood smolder and their relation to wood-burning stoves. Gaithersburg, Md: Center for Fire Research, 1988.

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3

Ohlemiller, T. J. Forced smolder propagation and the transition to flaming in cellulosic insulation. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1985.

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Hollywood's Latin lovers: Latino, Italian, and French men who make the screen smolder. Santa Monica: Angel City Press, 1998.

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Bernard, Malamud. Smoliar ; Nový z︣ivot. Bratislava: Spolocnost Priatelov Krásnych Kníh, 1992.

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Schmidt, Goran. Dominik Smole. Ljubljana: Založba ZRC SAZU, 2011.

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Jan Arnošt Smoler: Ein Leben für sein Volk. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 1995.

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Smolders, Michel. Michel Smolders: Rétrospective / textes, Emmanuel Closset [and 7 others] ; photographies, Jacky Lecouturier. Arnay: Château de Jehay, 2012.

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Smolen, Marguerite. The bride's year ahead: The ultimate month-by-month wedding planner / by Marguerite Smolen and Claudia Gryvatz Copquin. 2nd ed. South Portland, ME: Sellers Publishing, 2011.

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Nominations before the Senate Armed Services Committee, first session, 110th Congress: Hearings before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, on the nominations of Ltg. David H. Petraeus, USA; Adm. William J. Fallon, USN; Gen. George W. Casey, Jr., USA; Adm. Timothy J. Keating, USN; Lt. Gen. Victor E. Renuart, Jr., USAF; Ltg. Robert L. Van Antwerp, USA; Claude M. Kicklighter; James R. Clapper, Jr.; S. Ward Casscells, M.D.; William C. Ostendorff; Ltg. Douglas E. Lute, USA: Michael G. Vickers; Vadm. Eric T. Olson, USN; Hon. Thomas P. D'Agostino; Hon. Preston M. Geren; Adm. Michael G. Mullen, USN; Gen. James E. Cartwright, USMC; Adm. Gary Roughead, USN; Gen. William E. Ward, USA; Gen. Kevin P. Chilton, USAF; Lt. Gen. James N. Mattis, USMC; Hon. John J. Young, Jr.; Hon. Douglas A. Brook; Maj. Gen. Robert L. Smolen, USAF; Mary Beth Long; James Shinn; Craig W. Duehring; and John H. Gibson, January 23, 30, February 1, 6, 27, March 8, 27, June 7, 12, 19, July 31, September 27, October 4, Novemner 15, December 18, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Smolder"

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Šěn, Franz. "Smoler, Jan Arnošt." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_19865-1.

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Roeder, Carolin Firouzeh. "Smole, Dominik." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_19863-1.

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Scherber, Peter. "Smole, Dominik: Antigona." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_19864-1.

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Šěn, Franz. "Smoler, Jan Arnošt: Pjesnički hornych a delnych łužiskich Serbow." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_19866-1.

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Andrews, Steven S. "Rule-Based Modeling Using Wildcards in the Smoldyn Simulator." In Modeling Biomolecular Site Dynamics, 179–202. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9102-0_8.

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Andrews, Steven S. "Spatial and Stochastic Cellular Modeling with the Smoldyn Simulator." In Bacterial Molecular Networks, 519–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-361-5_26.

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Meraihi Naimi, Amina, Cedric Adjih, Pascale Minet, and Georgios Rodolakis. "Simulation-Based Comparison of Three Wireless Multicast Routing Protocols: MOST, MOLSR and SMOLR." In Ad-Hoc, Mobile and Wireless Networks, 1–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14785-2_1.

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"Commercial Fire, Smoke, and Smolder Retardants." In Flammability Handbook for Plastics, 339–46. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780585248684-18.

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"THE BUILDING WAS ALLOWED TO BURN AND SMOLDER FOR DAYS , MANY WONDERED WHY." In Cairo: Images of Transition, 45. transcript-Verlag, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/transcript.9783839426159.45.

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Kofin, Mateusz. "Szkoła jako podstawowe miejsce kształtowania postaw społeczno‑politycznych– gimnazjum na Smolnej 30 w Warszawie w I połowie XX wieku." In Niepodległość : idee, fakty, perspektywy : w 100. rocznicę odzyskania niepodległości przez Polskę, 33–49. Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/9788374388085.03.

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Artykuł przedstawia wpływ szkoły na proces kształtowania postaw społeczno‑‑politycznych młodego pokolenia na przykładzie gimnazjum na Smolnej 30 w Warszawie w I połowie XX wieku. Od samego początku na terenie szkoły działały uczniowskie grupy konspiracyjne o orientacji narodowej i socjali‑stycznej. Na przełomie lat 20. i 30. XX wieku w gimnazjum na Smolnej zdobywało wykształcenie wielu późniejszych działaczy Związku Akademic‑kiego Młodzież Wszechpolska oraz ugrupowań narodowo ‑radykalnych, w tym przyszli liderzy Obozu Narodowo ‑Radykalnego: Jan Mosdorf, czy Ruchu Narodowo ‑Radykalnego „Falanga” – Jerzy Hagmajer, Wojciech Kwasieborski oraz Bolesław Piasecki.
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Conference papers on the topic "Smolder"

1

Bar-Ilan, Amnon, Guillermo Rein, A. Carlos Fernandez-Pello, and David Urban. "Microgravity Forward Smolder Experiments in the Space Shuttle." In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-987.

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Wen-cai Wang, Rui-zhi Wang, and Bing-lei Liu. "Numerical simulation on temperature field in tunnel during seam steady smolder." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988783.

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Costa, Fernando de Souza. "Natural Smoldering of Cigarettes." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47311.

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The smoldering of cigarettes without drawing is described by a simple analytical model. A burning cigarette is assumed to be divided in 4 zones: unburned tobacco, dry tobacco, char and ash, separated by infinitesimally thin fronts of drying, pyrolysis and char oxidation. Circumferential heat losses and the convective-diffusive processes in the boundary layer are considered. A set of non-linear algebraic equations is solved to determine smoldering rates, drying lengths and pyrolysis lengths and to obtain the profiles of temperature. The influence coefficients of several parameters on smolder characteristics are calculated. Theoretical burn rates have shown a good agreement to experiments.
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Kiflu, Bereket, and Steve J. Hensel. "Life Extension of the 9975 Package As a Storage Container: Thermal Analysis." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65054.

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The 9975 shipping package is used to store plutonium bearing material with a heat release of up to 19 Watts at the Department of Energy (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS). Individual 9975 packages have been used to store these materials for nearly 15 years. The 9975 package contains non-metallic components such as the elastomeric dual O-ring seals, used to ensure containment at the vessel closures, and a fiberboard over pack which provides impact and fire resistance to the containment vessels. These non-metallic components degrade during long term storage, particularly when higher heat generating contents are packaged. Degraded fiberboard properties result in higher peak internal 9975 package material temperatures during a fire accident event. The thermal performance of the 9975 shipping package was evaluated for a sequential accident consisting of a fire and drop which locally ruptures the outer drum. The package is exposed to an off-normal 58.3°C (137°F) ambient temperature prior to being fully engulfed in a fire for 1.5 hours at 815.6°C (1500°F). Subsequently the fiberboard smolders for 1.0 hour at 760°C (1400°F) at the location of drum rupture, followed by cool down to the ambient temperature. The thermal evaluation considered both the beginning-of-life (as-designed) condition and after 20 years of service as a plutonium material storage container. The results of the evaluation demonstrate that the 9975 shipping package maintains containment during initial and after 20 years of service. The maximum Primary Containment Vessel dual O-ring temperatures during the facility fire-drop-smoldering accident are 163.9°C (327°F) and 186.1°C (367°F) for beginning of life and after 20 years of service, respectively, which are within the allowable accident temperature limit of 204.4°C (400°F). Thus, the 9975 shipping package meets its intended function to provide containment.
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Reports on the topic "Smolder"

1

Ohlemiller, Thomas J. Forced smolder propagation and the transition to flaming in cellulosic insulation. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.85-3212.

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Ohlemiller, T., and W. Shaub. Products of wood smolder and their relation to wood-burning stoves. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.88-3767.

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