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Journal articles on the topic 'Smolenskas'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Rekashus, Eduard. "INFLUENCE OF VARIETY, SELF-POLLINATION AND CROSS-POLLINATION ON SEED YIELD COMPONENTS IN BIRD’S-FOOT TREFOIL." Adaptive Fodder Production 2020, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2020-1-23-29.

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The article gives an analysis of the influence of variety, self-pollination, cross-pollination on the seed yield components in bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.).The test results are designed for further planning of breeding work with this crop and finding sources of self-compatibility.The research was carried out in 2019, in the breeding greenhouse of the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology.We organized greenhouse experiment. Plants were grown in 3 l vessels. Soil fertility and acidity were moderate. 40 genotypes of varieties Smolenskiy 1 (Smolensk State Agricultural Experimental Station named after A.N. Engelhardt) and Izis (Research and Practical Center of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus for Arable Farming) were analyzed. After self-pollination of flowers, the infructescense decreased by more than 15 times, the number, weight, and plumpness of seeds, decreased by more than 30 times.The average number of seeds in a bean decreased by 2 times. The average weight of 1 seed decreased by 8.5%. The average bean length decreased by 0.7 cm. The difference between plumpness of seeds from Izis genotypes and Smolensky 1 genotypes after self-pollination is statistically significant. No genotypes with high self-compatibility were found. It is necessary to continue the search for this hereditary feature among genotypes of various eco-geographical origin. To create inbred lines, it is necessary to increase the number of self-pollinated flowers. To facilitate the manual pollination of the flowers of bird’s-foot trefoil, a technique should be developed.

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2

Thurston, Robert. ""Smolenskii arkhiv" i amerikanskaia sovetologiia. By Evgenii Vladimirovich Kodin. Smolensk: Smolenskii Gosudarstvennyi Pedagogicheskii Universitet, 1998. 285 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Tables. Hard bound." Slavic Review 59, no. 1 (2000): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2696949.

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3

Boersma, Paul. "Some Correct Error-Driven Versions of the Constraint Demotion Algorithm." Linguistic Inquiry 40, no. 4 (October 2009): 667–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2009.40.4.667.

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This article shows that Error-Driven Constraint Demotion (EDCD), an error-driven learning algorithm proposed by Tesar (1995) for Prince and Smolensky's (1993/2004) version of Optimality Theory, can fail to converge to a correct totally ranked hierarchy of constraints, unlike the earlier non-error-driven learning algorithms proposed by Tesar and Smolensky (1993). The cause of the problem is found in Tesar's use of “mark-pooling ties,” indicating that EDCD can be repaired by assuming Anttila's (1997) “permuting ties” instead. Proofs show, and simulations confirm, that totally ranked hierarchies can indeed be found by both this repaired version of EDCD and Boersma's (1998) Minimal Gradual Learning Algorithm.

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Hale, Mark, and Charles Reiss. "Formal and Empirical Arguments concerning Phonological Acquisition." Linguistic Inquiry 29, no. 4 (October 1998): 656–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438998553914.

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Smolensky (1996a) has proposed an ingenious solution to the well-known “comprehension/production” dilemma in phonological acquisition. In this article we argue that Smolensky's model encounters serious difficulties with respect to the parsing algorithm proposed and the learnability of underlying representations. Drawing on the generative literature in phonological acquisition, as well as the work of phoneticians and psycholinguists, we offer alternative parsing algorithms and examine their implications for learnability and the initial ranking of Optimality Theory constraints. Finally, we propose that the resolution of the comprehension/production dilemma lies not in the phonological domain (linguistic competence), but in the domain of the implementation of linguistic knowledge (performance).

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5

Lastovskiy, G. A. "GNEZDOVO AND SMOLENSK AT THE END OF 9-10 CENTURIES: ON THE WAY TO THE SMOLENSKY PRINCIPLE." Historical and social-educational ideas 9, no. 4/2 (January 1, 2017): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2017-9-4/2-48-56.

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6

Tsuranova, Oksana. "The role of N. Ilminsky and S. Rachinsky in the formation of the personality of S. Smolensky." Aspects of Historical Musicology 16, no. 16 (September 15, 2019): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-16.01.

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Background. The modern system of national education, including music, is on the path of reorganization and reformation. Creating new educational models, it is useful to refer to the samples, time-tested, created by people whose names are permanently inscribed in the European cultural and historical fund. This confirms the life and work of Stepan Vasilyevich Smolensky (1848–1909) – teacher, medievalist, composer, regent, reformer of the music education system, public and cultural figure, ideologist of the New Direction of Orthodox Music of the late XIX – first half of the XX centuries. The formation of the ideology of the musician-teacher, the approval of his convictions became possible in many ways thanks to the support of two of his contemporaries, outstanding pedagogical figures – N. Ilminsky and S. Rachinsky. Objectives. The purpose of the article is to reveal the personal interaction of S. Smolensky with N. Ilminsky, S. Rachinsky, to appraise the contribution of the latter to the formation and development of his ideological positions, which determined the direction of further professional activity. Methods. The article uses the method of historicism, which allows us to consider the phenomena of artistic culture, enlightenment and education in the dynamics of their formation. Results. The formation of S. Smolensky took place in the Kazan period of life under the influence of Nikolai Ilminsky and Sergey Rachinsky. Nikolai Ivanovich Ilminsky (1822–1891) – orientologist, mission temissionary-teacher, biblical scholar, takes a special place in the biography of Stepan Vasilyevich Smolensky. The scientific works of N. Ilminsky cover a wide area of knowledge, like that: theology, linguistics, foreign translation, pedagogy and missionary work. His scientific studies, their practical implementation, which have not lost their relevance even nowadays, put Nikolai Ivanovich in a row of prominent figures of the Orthodox enlightenment of small peoples of the Volga region, Ural region and Siberia. The merits of N. Ilmisnky belongs to the founding of the first schools for small nations of the Volga region, as well as the teachers’ seminary in Kazan, where S. Smolensky was invited to the post of teacher of singing, history and geography. Church singing was considered in the missionary policy of the government as an important strategic element of introducing baptized aliens to orthodoxy. To this end, S. Smolensky was involved in a large-scale project of translating religious chants into the languages of the national small peoples of the Volga region, which determined the direction of his entire musical and singing work. Fully sharing the beliefs of N. Ilminsky, the young teacher focused on teaching church singing, in the moral and educational significance of which he infinitely believed. The lack of a methodical program for this discipline in public schools made S. Smolensky delve into this area of knowledge, as a result of which he developed the author’s system of teaching the named subject. In his pedagogical activity, S. Smolensky made extensive use of the methodological manuals created by him, which became an indispensable teaching material for future teachers. Here in Kazan, with the assistance of N. Ilminsky was opened a new page in the life of S. Smolensky, his deep immersion in the field of paleographic research. In Kazan, in the period of close cooperation with N. Ilminsky, typical features of S. Smolensky’s future activity were outlined, which received its brilliant application in the next Moscow period of life, during his leadership and reforming the Synodal School of Church Singing and Choir. S. Smolensky called his last teacher Sergei Alexandrovich Rachinsky (1833–1902) – professor and founder of the Department of Plant Physiology, Moscow University, a teacher, corresponding member of the Imperial St.-Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The acquaintance of S. Smolensky and S. Rachinsky occurred on the basis of the folk soil, based on Orthodox ideals. Foresight of judgment and deep knowledge of ancient church chants gave S. Rachinsky the right to take an active part in the scientific and educational activities of S. Smolensky. This confirms the extensive work carried out by S. Smolensky on the harmonization of the main Orthodox chants, undertaken at the insistence of his elder friend. The reforms carried out by S. Smolensky in Moscow and St.-Petersburg were fundamentally based on the education system of S. Rachinsky, aimed at developing the national element. Conclusions. A powerful monolith in the face of the polyglot and the manager N. Ilminsky, set off by the elegance of the artistic, but at the same time «meekly obstinate» nature of the educator-creator S. Rachinsky multiplied to the personality of Stepan Vasilyevich. In turn, the example of the life and work of S. Smolensky set a high tone and indicated a movement vector for many respectable professionals of musicians, teachers, choir masters, and scientists. Faith S. Smolensky, by lifeblood of the folk song and znamenny chant, inspired a wide range of composers, including P. Chesnokov, A. Kastalsky, S. Rachmaninov, A. Grechaninov, A. Nikolsky, N. Golovanov, K. Shvedov, Vik. Kalinnikov and others. Becoming one of the founders of medievalism in the area of church music, S. Smolensky outlined the main components of a scientific search in the history and theory of ortodox church singing, in the course of which A. Preobrazhensky, A. Nikolsky and others. A gifted teacher and organizer, S. Smolensky showed an example of the work of exemplary musical institutions whose school was attended by the greatest choirmaster of the last century: P. Chesnokov, N. Golovanov, N. Danilin, S. Zharov, A. Egorov and others. What has been said gives the right to assert that we can be fruitful in history, provided, like S. Smolensky, we will with intense effort learn from our forefathers, carefully looking at the value of their professional and life experience.

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7

Uryupin, I. S. "Subtextual Scopes of Meaning in Vs. V. Ivanov’s Story «By the Old Road to Smolensk» («Bliz Staroi Smolenskoi Dorogi»)." Russian language at school 81, no. 3 (May 21, 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2020-81-3-58-62.

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The article deals with cognitive and semantic organization of Vs. V. Ivanov’s story «By the Old Road to Smolensk» («Bliz Staroi Smolenskoi Dorogi») in historical, cultural, poetical and ontological aspects. The constructive function of the subtext with its plot-building potential is revealed. The aim of the research is to disclose subtextual scopes of meaning and semantics on the motive and imagery; architectonical and compositional; idea and philosophy levels of the text. With this aim the structural and typological method of investigating literary phenomena was used along with the elements of hermeneutical, stylistic analysis of literary prose in its syntagmatics and paradigmatics. Vs. V. Ivanov’s story devoted to the anniversary of the Battle of Borodino and written in the years of the Great Patriotic War gives implicit parallels between the events fateful for the Russian history, presents a national image of the world and conceptualizes the notion of an individual private history with its close connection with world history. The author’s attention is focused on the image of a Russian peasant woman who accumulated the archetypical features of Mother Earth and Motherland having renounced all her family for the sake of the victory. Comprehension of severe hardships of Homeland is given though her understanding of war and peace. But the image of the old woman – Agrippina Caryina – and her life drama in Vs. V. Ivanov’s story is represented through the eyes of Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky who impersonated the author’s mind. The conflict/dialogue of two different life worlds shapes the inner plot of the story realized in the subtext, which helps the author to comprehend the life and fate of the heroine. The subtext being a constructive means of the story plot building enables the artist to transfer the real thoughts of the heroine, the tragedy and feat of her family in the Battle of Borodino, which she does not directly speak about, but which are clear to the «enlightened» interlocutor.

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8

Mills, Stephen. "Smolensky’s Interpretation of Connectionism." Irish Philosophical Journal 7, no. 1 (1990): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/irishphil199071/25.

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Aleksandrov, K. S., A. S. Borovik-Romanov, Vitalii L. Ginzburg, V. A. Isupov, V. V. Lemanov, Yurii A. Osip'yan, A. M. Prokhorov, and L. A. Shuvalov. "Georgii Anatol'evich Smolenskii (Obituary)." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 152, no. 6 (1987): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0152.198706k.0347.

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10

Verschure, Paul F. M. J. "Smolensky's theory of mind." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13, no. 2 (June 1990): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00079474.

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Aleksandrov, K. S., A. S. Borovik-Romanov, Vitalii L. Ginzburg, V. A. Isupov, Vladislav V. Lemanov, Yurii A. Osip'yan, A. M. Prokhorov, and L. A. Shuvalov. "Georgiĭ Anatol'evich Smolenskiĭ (Obituary)." Soviet Physics Uspekhi 30, no. 6 (June 30, 1987): 544–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1987v030n06abeh002860.

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12

Krenke, Nikolay, Ivan Ershov, and Vera Rayeva. "Smolensk and Gnezdovo." Archaeological news 28 (2020): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2020-28-296-303.

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The article is devoted to discussion where was the place of initial Smolensk, to the competition” between Smolensk and Gnezdovo. New data from Cathedral Hill in Smolensk are in the focus of attention. Radiocarbon dates are discussed as well.

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13

Kupchenko, Konstantin, and Nikolay Fedoskin. "TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF THE SMOLENSK REGION (1917–1922)." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 1 (49) (May 26, 2020): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-49-1-165-175.

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The article analyzes the results of the state policy implementation withing the formation and development of the Soviet judicial system on the example of Smolensk Governoral Court. The authors set the goal, based on the analysis of sources not introduced into a wide scientific circulation, primarily stored at the State Archive of the Smolensk Region to restore the history of the creation and operation of justice institutions in the Smolensk region in the 1918s–1923s. The source base of the study was composed of documents stored at Smolensk State Regional Archive, materials on the history of the judiciary, statistical materials of the period under the study, documents on the history of the party-state bodies of the Smolensk region. The article studies current office documentation of both the higher and regional state bodies (Workers 'and Peasants' Government, People's Commissariat of Justice, Smolensk Governoral Executive Committee) and local authorities (Smolensk Council of Working People's Deputies, Executive Committee of Smolensk Governoral Council of Workers, Peasants' and Red Army Deputies), as well as Smolensk Governoral Court. The authors analyze the Soviet experience in the formation and development of judicial bodies under specific historical conditions; they consider transformations in the judicial system of the Smolensk Governorate in the 1917s–1922s, as well as the formation of Smolensk Governoral Court. The article studies legal foundations of the Soviet judicial system formation, characterizes processes of creating a judicial apparatus in the first years of Soviet power and analyzes activities of Smolensk Governoral Court during its formation. The authors reveal the essence, degree of efficiency, concrete results, political and socio-economic consequences, positive and negative lessons from the Soviet judicial system existed in Russia. The authors assume that the development of new legislation system in the 1920s was caused by the need to reform legal sources as the main means of socialism building. The authors conclude that the transformation of the Soviet judicial system completed the transition from the principle of «revolutionary expediency» to the principle of «revolutionary legality».

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Borodin, Allan. "Tribute to Roman Smolensky." Computational Complexity 6, no. 3 (September 1996): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01294252.

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Shashmurina, A. B., O. L. Mishutina, and V. R. Shashmurina. "Assessment of the drinking water quality for planning endogenic prevention of dental caries." Pediatric dentistry and dental profilaxis 21, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3031-2021-21-2-88-93.

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Relevance. Dental caries is a leading dental disease in children. Aim – to study the quality of drinking water in Smolensk and its region to provide evidence for implementing dental caries preventive measures in children.Materials and methods. We took tap water samples from ten water intake points in seven districts of Smolensk and six Smolensk regions. An accredited testing laboratory of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Smolensk Region carried out water chemical analysis. The study analyzed standard parameters of drinking water quality: pH 6.5-8.5, fluoride content 0.60-1.2 mg/l; water hardness 7.0-9.0 (Sanitary Regulations and Standards 2.1.4.1116-02). The parameter was considered normal if its 95% confidence interval was within the reference range.Results. In Smolensk, the hydrogen ion concentration in centralized drinking water supply systems is within normal limits and amounts to 7.39 (95% CI: 7.32-7.46; р < 0,05) pH units. The mean fluoride concentration in the Smolensk water is 0.19 (95% CI: 0.14-0.23; р < 0,05) mg/l, which is below the normal range. In most Smolensk districts, water hardness is within normal limits, 8.21 mmol/l (95% CI: 7.03-9.39; р < 0,05). However, the upper limit of the confidence interval of 9.39 mg/l and the maximum of 12.0 mg/l exceed the normal range. In the Smolensk region cities, the hydrogen ion concentration is 7.2 (95% CI: 7.02-7.38; р < 0,05) pH units in the centralized drinking water supply. The fluoride concentration in the Smolensk region water is 0.45 mg/l (95% CI: 0.23-0.68; р < 0,05), which demonstrates the fluoride deficiency in water. In the Smolensk region cities, mean water hardness is 6.66 mmol/l (95% CI: 6.00-7.03; р < 0,05), which is below the normal values. However, the CI upper limit of 7.03 mmol/l and the maximum of 7.05 mmol/l are within normal limits.Conclusions. The water of the centralized drinking water supply system in Smolensk and the Smolensk region is low in fluorides. Urgent community and individual preventive measures should be taken to expose children to fluoride.

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Epifanovsky, Pavel V. "Организация похоронного дела в осажденном Смоленске по данным архива Смоленской приказной палаты 1609–1611 гг." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 48, no. 1-2 (2014): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04801007.

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This article is devoted to the funeral business in the besieged city of Smolensk during the period 1609–1611. The author concludes that new results in the study of Smolensk defense can only be reconstructed and examined by using the preserved documents of the Smolensk Prikaznaia Izba.

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17

Lunkova, Ekaterina S. "The issue of interaction of Smolensk patois and the Belarusian language." Neophilology, no. 24 (2019): 669–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-24-669-685.

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The subject of the study is the lexical parallels of the Smolensk patois, the Belarusian language, and the borderline Vitebsk and Mogilev patois. The relevance of the study is explained by the general history of the region, the proximity, and sometimes identity of the material and spiritual culture of the Russian-Belarusian border area. A language continuum is developed along the Russian-Belarusian border, which is of great interest to researchers, since it demonstrates the pa-rallel existence of a number of lexical entities that were once part of a single language idiom from the point of view of synchrony. It is known that the modern Belarusian language is formed based on Belarusian patois. Some of the words of the Smolensk patois are found not only in the Belaru-sian patois bordering the Smolensk Region, but also in the modern Belarusian language. As a re-sult of the research, the article identified more than 100 non-derivative dialect concrete-subject nouns that find a match in the Smolensk patois and in the Belarusian language and along with this are found in the neighboring Smolensk Vitebsk and Mogilev patois. We conclude that the lexical features of Smolensk patois in the context of their interaction with the Belarusian language and Belorusian patois.

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Zakharov, Sergey V. "On the Question of the Original Version and Copies of the “Kutuzov” Icon." Study of Religion, no. 4 (2019): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2019.4.113-120.

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The article deals with the question about creation of the original version and copies of the socalled “Kutuzov” icon. The name “Kutuzov” was given to an icon of the Smolensk Mother of God (Theotokos of Smolensk), ordered in 1813 by the residents of Smolensk as a gift to the commander M.I. Kutuzov. The article shows the history of each of the four currently existing copies of icons – Smolensk (Smolensk State Museum-Reserve), Gomel (Gomel Palace and Park Ensemble), Moscow (State Historical Museum) and St. Petersburg (Hermitage) ones on the basis of periodicals and research literature. The article also considers which of the copies cannot be original ones. In addition, there are artistic features of the “Kutuzov” icon, which characterize it as one of the objects of the picturesque heritage of the early 19th century. The article provides a detailed description of the structural elements of the “Kutuzov” icon, its connection with the Hodegetria of Smolensk. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that there are five known copies of the icon, three of which are almost identical. The author notes the impossibility of a definite answer to the question of the location of the original “Kutuzov” icon and supposes the need for further study of this issue

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Koroleva, Inna A. "Smolensk Proper Names in A.T. Tvardovsky’s Poems." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 6 (December 15, 2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v063.

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This article is dedicated to the 110th birthday anniversary of a great Russian poet, native of Smolensk, one of the founders of the Smolensk Poetic School Aleksandr Tvardovsky (1910–1971). It examines how Smolensk motifs and Tvardovsky’s love for his home town are reflected in his works at the onomastic level. Smolensk-onyms reflected in long poems are analysed here, the focus being on anthroponyms and toponyms naming the characters and indicating the locations associated with Smolensk region. A close connection between the choice of proper names and Tvardovsky’s biography is established. An attempt is made to demonstrate how, using onomastic units introduced by the author into the storyline of his artistic text, the general principles of autobiography and chronotopy are realized, which have been noted earlier in critiques of Tvardovsky’s literary works. The onomastic component of the poems is analysed thoroughly and comprehensively, which helps us to decode the conceptual chain writer – name – text – reader and identify the author’s attitude to the characters and the ideological and thematic content of the works, as well as some of the author’s personal characteristics, tastes and passions. At the onomastic level, the thesis about the role of Smolensk motifs in Tvardovsky’s literary works is once more substantiated. A review is presented of onomastic studies analysing proper names of different categories in Tvardovsky’s poems (mainly conducted by the representatives of the Voronezh Onomastic School and the author of this article). It should be noted that Smolensk proper names in the entire body of Tvardovsky’s poetry are analysed for the first time.

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Tikhonova, Anastasia V. "Foreigners in the Provincial City: Documents of the Smolensk City Duma of the First Half of the 19th Century." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2020): 1201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-4-1201-1214.

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The article reviews decisions of the city government regarding foreigners: consideration of petitions to be ascribed to burgers or merchants (of those who had already taken citizenship of the Russian Empire); evaluation of urban real estate; collection of taxes. The study is based on documents of the fond of the Smolensk City Duma from the State Archive of the Smolensk Region. Despite some losses (materials prior 1812 are not preserved in the fond), the archival documents highlight various issues of provincial city life. The author gives instances of the former prisoners of 1812 war or the so-called “immigrants from abroad” (those who had taken citizenship of the Russian Empire) being ascribed to Smolensk burgers. The law exempted former prisoners of war from all burger taxes and duties for 10 years and “immigrants from abroad” for 6 years. Materials of the Smolensk City Duma name foreigners among Smolensk artisans and merchants, doctors and pharmacists of gubernia level. They had property in the city and paid taxes. Some were well respected and were elected to city Duma or administration. Documents of the archival fond allow the researcher to learn family circumstances that influenced the fates of foreigners living in Smolensk in the first half of the 19th century. The number of foreigners in the provincial city was insignificant and tended to decrease. However, the author points out that statistics included only those who retained citizenship of their native country, not taking into account foreigners who accepted Russian citizenship. Documents of the Smolensk City Duma show that they were quite numerous. However, presence of foreign-born individuals in the daily life of the gubernia city became commonplace.

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Rittersporn, Gábor Tamás. ""Smolenskii Arkhiv" i amerikanskaia sovetologiia (review)." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 2, no. 1 (2001): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.2008.0069.

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Koroleva, Inna. "V.N. Dobrovolsky and Smolensk Regional Dictionary: Possibilities of Use for Dialect Studies." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 3 (51) (November 2, 2020): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-51-3-71-80.

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The article deals with Smolensk Regional Dictionary compiled by a famous researcher of Smolensk dialects V.N. Dobrovolsky. This unique set of regional vocabulary of the early XX century is an invaluable source that can be used for dialectological research. Released in 1914, Dobrovolsky’s work is now a kind of historical basis for a modern «Dictionary of Smolensk Dialects», a reprint of which is being prepared at the Russian language department of Smolensk State University. The article analyzes principles of compiling Dobrovolsky’s Dictionary in detail and describes methodology used for collecting dialect material. The great interest to modern dialectologists is caused by the reasons for the changes in the composition of Smolensk dialects for half a century, that is, since the beginning of the dialect material collection. The article analyzes samples of the dictionary entries and their content in detail. In addition, it highlites advantages and certain disadvantages of giving examples illustrating the meanings of dialect words. The author considers possibilities of using V.N. Dobrovolsky’s work for modern dialectologists’ research. The detailed analysis of the various dictionary entries makes it possible to compare the principles of the words presentation in the dialect dictionary of the early XX century and the modern one, which is of great use for lexicographers. Moreover, it can also assist to identify some aspects that should be paid attention today in the examination of Smolensk territories (for example, the existence of diminutive popular forms of personal names).

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Gavrilenkov, Aleksej. "Jews of Borderlands: Smolensk region." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2019, no. 12_4 (December 1, 2019): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii201912statyi114.

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Krenke, N., I. Ershov, R. Platonovsky, and V. Raeva. "Craftsmen’s outskirts of ancient Smolensk." Rossiiskaia arkheologiia, no. 3 (September 2019): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086960630005679-5.

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Alfimova, G. Yu, and N. N. Maslova. "Stroke register in Smolensk Region." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 7, no. 5-1 (December 30, 2008): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2008-5-1-19-22.

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The stroke register having been started in Smolensk Region revealed stroke morbidity 2,38 cases and stroke mortality 1,25 cases for 1000 people in 2007. Stroke-case fatality comprised 33,4%. Hypertension appeared to be the main risk factor of stroke (81%).

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Chulkova, Galina, Elena Vorobeva, and Oleg Vorobev. "Activization of Scientific and Innovative Sphere for the Region Sustainable Development." SHS Web of Conferences 94 (2021): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219402011.

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The region sustainable development presupposes the creation of conditions ensuring the progressive development to achieve a qualitatively new state of the regional economy. One of the strategic goals of the social and economic development of Smolensk Region is the intellectual property market infrastructure development, the provision of technology transfer and the stimulation of inventive activity in the region. The analysis of the rating of Russian innovative regions showed that according to the most important indicators of innovative activity in industrial production, Smolensk region is in the first half of the all-Russian rating of regions, and the lower activity in research and development is complemented by low indicators of patent activity in Smolensk region in comparison with the average Russian indicator values. In this regard, the issues of the formation and use of the intellectual activity results were identified and priority directions were developed to activate the scientific and innovative sphere of Smolensk region.

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Komarov, Dmitriy E. "Revisiting the Scope of Collaboration in the Days of the Great Patriotic War: A Case-Study of the Smolensk Region." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2018): 856–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-3-856-866.

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The article assesses the scope of collaboration in occupied Soviet territories in the days of the Great Patriotic War. This topic is a matter of intense debate in modern Russian scholarship. The most controversial issue is the extent to which Soviet citizens participated in events organized by invaders in occupied territories and the support which local population lent to occupation authorities. The article assesses potential threat of collaborationism in political, as well as economic terms. Having seized the richest and most economically developed regions of the country, the enemy could have significantly strengthened his military potential. National historiography has not yet integrated all data on stratification of local population in their stance toward invaders. It is an extremely difficult task to accomplish nationwide. As occupied territories were culturally, historically and socio-politically heterogeneous, it should be approached by studying republics and regions on a standalone basis. The case-study of the Smolensk region draws on archival materials to determine the share of Soviet citizens cooperating with occupation authorities within the framework of ‘administrative collaboration.’ It concludes that the number of Smolensk families whose members can be classified as ‘administrative collaborators,’ did not exceed 12%, whereas more than 9% of Smolensk families had members who took an active part in the struggle against invaders in the partisan detachments. Thus, the article demonstrates that two extreme irreconcilable phenomena in the occupied territories — collaborationism and partisans movement — were practically in balance. The absolute majority of Smolensk residents (almost 80%) did their utmost to avoid participation in both. Further developments in the Smolensk region proved that their ‘neutrality’ was conditional: the population remained loyal to the Soviet government and formed a social base for large-scale resistance to the occupation policy. Smolensk region became one of the centers of the partisan movement. To a certain extent, Smolensk data can be extrapolated to other western regions of the Russian non-black earth area.

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Griffiths, Joshua M. "On the rapid expansion of optimality theory at the end of the twentieth century." Historiographia Linguistica 46, no. 1-2 (September 2, 2019): 133–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.00041.gri.

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Summary Despite being a recent development in generative linguistics, Optimality Theory (OT, Prince & Smolensky 1993) has had a profound impact on linguistics, particularly on phonology in North America. OT posits that observed forms of language arise due to conflicting linguistic constraints. When proposed in 1993, OT saw virtually overnight success in American phonology despite not having been the first theory of grammar to focus solely on the constraint. I argue, that the reasons for which OT saw such immediate success due in large part to the efforts of Prince and Smolensky to work at getting the word out, the state of American phonology at the time which felt stagnant to some, and the coincidence of OT’s birth with the Internet Boom which Prince and Smolensky used to their advantage

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29

Dreyfus, Hubert L., and Stuart E. Dreyfus. "On the proper treatment of Smolensky." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (March 1988): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00052511.

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30

Lakoff, George. "Smolensky, semantics, and the sensorimotor system." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (March 1988): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00052596.

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31

Rosenberg, Jay F. "Treating connectionism properly: Reflections on Smolensky." Psychological Research 52, no. 2-3 (1990): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00877525.

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32

Best, Norman. "Prof. Dr. med. habil. Ulrich Smolenski." Manuelle Medizin 56, no. 2 (March 14, 2018): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00337-018-0392-7.

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Tyshko, I. "To casuistry foreign bodies of the female urinary bladder." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 5, no. 1 (August 7, 2020): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd5130-33.

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Alexandra Ermolaeva, a peasant woman from the Smolensk district, Spasskaya volost, 22 years old, was admitted to the Smolensk Provincial Zemsky Hospital on February 2, 1890, complaining of complete urinary incontinence, severe pain in the lower abdomen, in the lower back, and external genital organs, constipation and pain.

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Ukrainets, Roman V., and Julia S. Korneva. "On the life of the defender of the fatherland and pathologist of professor Dmitry Pavlovich Svistelin." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, no. 1 (May 12, 2021): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma63660.

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Svistelin Dmitry Pavlovich was born on November 27, 1923 in the town Seredina-Buda in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. During the Great Patriotic War, he served in the 164th Tank Brigade of the 16th Tank Corps, which took part in the Battle of Kursk. In one of the battles, Dmitry Pavlovich was severely wounded, but after the Victory of the Soviet Union he found the strength and entered the medical faculty of the Lviv State Medical Institute and graduated form it in 1951. Subsequently, Dmitry Pavlovich came to Smolensk, where he became a postgraduate at the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the Smolensk State Medical Institute. From that moment he paid his debt to the Motherland already as a doctor being the head of the pathological department of the Smolensk Regional Psychiatric Hospital. Subsequently, Dmitry Pavlovich began to teach at the Department of Pathological Anatomy and became interested in scientific activities under the guidance of Professor Vladimir Gerasimovich Molotkov, who later guided him for both his candidates and doctoral dissertations. Having achieved a great success in the pathological anatomy and becoming a professor, Dmitry Pavlovich decided to return to practice again. In 1996, he shifted to the post of pathologist in the expert-organizational-advisory department of the Smolensk Regional Institute of Pathology, which even today bears his name due to his outstanding work both for pathological anatomy in general and for Smolensk medicine. For services to the Motherland both as a defender of the Fatherland and as a doctor, Dmitry Pavlovich Svistelin has such awards as the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree, as well as the badge Excellence in Public Health. On June 16, 2006, at the age of 82, Professor Dmitry Pavlovich Svistelin passed away and was buried at the New Cemetery in Smolensk.

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Горский, Иван Михайлович. "The Sculpture of the Iconostasis of the Smolensk Region the Temples of the eighteenth century." Вестник церковного искусства и археологии, no. 1(2) (June 15, 2020): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2658-5111-2020-1-2-79-92.

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Статья посвящена малоизученной теме украшения иконостасов деревянной скульптурой в XVIII веке в Смоленской епархии. Рассмотрение ряда сохранившихся памятников иконостасного искусства Смоленщины позволяет увидеть особенности, присущие только местной традиции, и в то же время, обнаружить близость к повсеместной традиции украшения храмов скульптурой. Результатом сравнительного анализа скульптуры Смоленского региона с храмовой скульптурой других регионов (Украина, Белоруссия, Ростов Великий) стало выявление ориентира, руководствуясь которым, мастера создавали иконостасы барочной традиции на Смоленщине. The article is devoted to the little-studied theme of decorating iconostasis with wooden sculpture in the 18th century in the Smolensk diocese. Consideration of a number of preserved monuments of the iconostasis art of the Smolensk region makes it possible to see the features inherent only in the local tradition and, at the same time, to discover the proximity to the ubiquitous tradition of decorating temples with sculpture. The result of a comparative analysis of the sculpture of the Smolensk region with the temple sculpture of other regions (Ukraine, Belarus, Rostov the Great) revealed a landmark, guided by which, the masters created the iconostasis of the baroque tradition in the Smolensk region.

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36

Gray, Travis. "Liberation and Retribution: War Crimes and Collaboration in Smolensk Oblast." Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 47, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763324-20191361.

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Abstract The first Red Army soldiers who liberated Smolensk in September, 1943 entered a broken world. The ruined city stood empty and the countryside resembled a vast wasteland. Amidst the destruction, Party officials began picking up the pieces and rebuilding Soviet power in the region. The main concern of this study is to understand how this process unfolded by examining reports of local war crime and treason investigations carried out by the Extraordinary State Commission of Smolensk Oblast (Chrezvychainaia gosudarstvennaia komissiia, ChGK). These yet untapped archival materials show that while Soviet investigative and punitive practices affirmed the state’s renewed political authority in Smolensk, their efforts were often constrained by the regime’s postwar reconstruction goals.

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37

Dietrich, Eric, and Chris Fields. "Some assumptions underlying Smolensky's treatment of connectionism." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (March 1988): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0005250x.

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38

Wang, X. Q., D. Lei, and B. J. Jin. "An improvement in smolensky's model for ferroelectrics." Ferroelectrics 93, no. 1 (May 1989): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198908017372.

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39

Tikhonova, Anastasia V. "Career of a Foreigner in the Russian Province of the First Quarter of the 19th Century: The Case of V. F. Blankengorn." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2018): 1231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-4-1231-1243.

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The article shows the procedure for reconstructing biography of a foreign specialist who worked in the Russian Empire in the first quarter of the 19th century. The author analyzes materials in ‘Mesyatseslov with a list of functionaries or the General staff of the Russian Empire ...’ for 1813—1825. It allows to follow the foreigner’s gradual movement up the career ladder, accompanied by reception of class ranks. Records of service (formularnye listy) within the studied time framework contain further biographical details. These important documents on the service of the provincial official are preserved in the fond of the gubernia board in a regional archive (in this case, the State Archives of the Smolensk Region). Since records of service mention that the foreigner was of Lutheran confession, the parish registers of the corresponding church have been studied. The discovery of the record of death of the subject allows to date his life. Thus, the career of a Berlin native V. F. Blankengorn, who served as uezd and later gubernia land surveyor in the Smolensk gubernia, has been reconstructed. In 1812 Blankengorn was made to stay in occupied Smolensk; later, when the city was liberated, he was acquitted, as he did not render assistance to the enemy army. In 1823-1831 the Smolensk gubernia formed a part of the General-governorship (with center in Vitebsk) alongside with the Vitebsk, Mogilev, and Kaluga gubernias. Thus, documents retated to Blankengorn’s being awarded his first Russian order in 1824 proceeded from the Chancellery of the Governor-General. In the studied period being awarded any order of the Russian Empire (regardless of its degree) opened a prospect of obtaining noble dignity. The article based on the study of the biography of V. F. Blankengorn, adjusts the dating of the ‘Atlas of the Smolensk Province.’ This 25-sheet manuscript executed by Blankengorn is now stored in the department of cartographic publications of the Russian State Library. In its digitized form, the Atlas is available on the official website of the Library. It includes the maps of all cities and uezds of the Smolensk gubernia and its general map. Precision and artistry of the manuscript suggest that it was created for Emperor Alexander I’s tour of the Smolensk gubernia in 1824.

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Zernova, N. I., E. M. Pleshkova, N. S. Baranova, and O. I. Udovikova. "FEATURES OF THE CLINICAL OPENING OF LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN OF SMOLENSK AND THE SMOLENSK REGION." Смоленский медицинский альманах, no. 2 (2020): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37903/sma.2020.2.10.

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41

Tyshko, I. "The twelve gluttons." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 6, no. 7-8 (August 28, 2020): 776–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd67-8776-798.

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Akulina O., a peasant of the Smolensk province, Belsky district, 54 years old, came to me on an outpatient basis in the middle of April 1889, complaining of rapid abdominal enlargement and severe shortness of breath. After examining her and assuming an ovarian cyst, I sent her to my room in the Smolensk hospital, where I was still studying external medicine.

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42

Zyus’kin, A. A. "Competitive Environment and its Impact on Business Climate Development in a Region." Economics and Management, no. 10 (December 18, 2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2019-10-57-64.

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The presented study examines the business climate of the Smolensk region, with applied developments based on the material of this region.Aim. The study aims to characterize the specific features of ‘competitive environment’ as an economic category in the context of formation of a favorable business climate within the region.Tasks. The authors analyze theoretical approaches to the definition of ‘competitive environment’ and ‘business climate’; assess the state of the competitive environment as a factor affecting the business climate in the region (through the example of the Smolensk region) with allowance for the competition intensity rating and survey of entrepreneurs; examine the implementation of government initiatives aimed at forming a favorable competitive environment in the Smolensk region; formulate proposals to improve the efficiency of implementation of measures by the local authorities of the Smolensk region aimed at forming a favorable competitive environment.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the factors of formation of a favorable business climate in various aspects and to identify trends in the current state and development of entrepreneurship in the region.Results. Analysis of measures taken by the authorities of the Smolensk region to implement a government competitive policy and qualitative assessment of the competitive environment in the region by the business community show that changes and adjustments to the regulatory framework are not introduced quickly enough, while entrepreneurs show a low level of awareness about the activities of the authorities in enhancing competition. A potential solution to this problem involves creating a Competition Development Project Office in the region, which would unite representatives of the authorities, including employees of the Office of the Federal Antimonopoly Service (OFAS) in the Smolensk region, natural monopolies, and entrepreneurs (by including representatives of associations and business communities). Establishment of such an office would make the decision-making more balanced and immediate, which would in turn improve the quality of the competitive environment in the Smolensk region.Conclusions. The authors propose assessing the quality of the competitive environment, ranking regions, and including the results into the annual report of the Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) on the state of competition in Russia. Improvement of the business climate is identified as a priority for regional authorities. Therefore, monitoring and evaluation of the business climate and its factors is an essential task.

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43

Astashova, Nataliya. "Casting moulds from excavations in Smolensk." Archaeological news 28 (2020): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2020-28-304-308.

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This paper publishes casting moulds from excavations in Smolensk. They include a rare variant of moulds for casting diamond-shaped temple rings. This is the first instance of such a find. In combination with finds of ‘tribal’ pendants these forms allow us to suppose the presence of alien rural population in the city. However in the mid-12th century, the character of the estates changed, probably, due to the transference of this territory to the Smolensk eparchy.

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Egorov, Aleksandr, Vasiliy Dvoinev, and Elena Sukhova. "Smolensk – Hagen: international cross-cultural study." Contemporary Europe, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope22017135141.

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45

Beletskiy, S. "Seals from Tver, Novgorod and Smolensk oblasts in I. N. Parusimov’s collection." Archaeological News 31 (2021): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2021-31-286-289.

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This paper continues a series of publications devoted to seals from the collection of the Rostov archaeologist Igor N. Parusimov. Here six seals from Tver, Novgorod and Smolensk oblasts are reproduced and discussed. All these items have already been published by I. N. Parusimov. In the present article, some comments are presented for the observations proposed by I. N. Parusimov.

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46

Ivochkin, Demyan. "“Offi cial Section” Smolensk Diocesan Gazette as a Source on the History of Smolensk (1865–1918)." St.Tikhons' University Reviews 71, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii201671.74-83.

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47

Tuberozova, Marina, and B. Bobyleva. "The Relevance of the Use of Mediation Technologies by Participants of Educational Relations of the Smolensk Region." Standards and Monitoring in Education 9, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-1740-2021-9-2-26-29.

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The article reveals the possibilities of using mediation technologies in educational organizations. The paper presents the results of a survey of teachers of general education institutions in the city of Smolensk and the Smolensk region, which determine the relevance of the use of mediation technologies in resolving confl icts between participants in educational relations. An action plan for the development of a regional independent mediation system has been developed.

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Тikhonova, Anastasiya. "To the Travelers’ Service or True Stories about Foreigners in the Russian Province (After the PatrioticWar of 1812 until the End of the 1830s)." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 2(50) (July 2, 2020): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-50-2-159-174.

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In the article the author mentions some modern publications on this issue in the era of Alexander I and Nicholas I in connection with the description of the travelling theme in the context of everyday life history. As an example of the Russian Province, the article considers Smolensk Governorate which was located at the crossroads of routes from Europe to the center of Russia through Baltic, Belarusian and Ukrainian Provinces. On the basis of the materials of the State Archive of the Smolensk region (GASO) from the funds of the Chancellery of Smolensk Governor, the Smolensk Oblast Duma, metric books of Roman Catholic Church in Smolensk and published memoirs (Eugene Hess’ diary and E. Montulé’s notes) the author of the article reconstructs foreign hotel owners’ biographies (S.I. Chapa, D.K. Nolchini, V.I. Gaber), masters of carriage business (D.I. Graf, K.B. Weber), a city coachman, the owner of a coffee house (H. Podrut). All these people were united by their origin (they came from European countries) and their involvement (due to their professional activities) in servicing travelers who found themselves in the Russian Province. Life circumstances and development of their own business forced them to settle far away from their homeland; most of them became citizens of the empire, having connected themselves with Russia forever. In the article it is underlined that foreigners’ involvement in «tourist business» of the considered epoch testifies not only to the benefit of their business activity, but also to the importance of the psychological factor – the very possibility of meeting with compatriots and representatives of other European countries.

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Семанин, Александр Юрьевич. ""I am Andrew, one of the princes of Smolensk...": To the question of the identity of Saint Prince Andrew of Smolensk." Слово и образ. Вопросы изучения христианского литературного наследия, no. 1(1) (September 15, 2020): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/wi.2019.1.1.006.

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В статье даётся обзор различных версий трактовки личности князя Андрея Смоленского дореволюционными и современными исследователями. Подробно излагаются аргументы св. Филарета (Гумилевского), отождествлявшего св. Андрея Смоленского с кн. Андреем Федоровичем Коробья (†1390 г.), мнение которого на данный момент широко распространено. Также реферативно рассматривается точка зрения С. П. Писарева, до сих пор не получившая рецепции в науке, оспорившего аргументы свт. Филарета и давшего свою версию личности св. Андрея Смоленского - князь Андрей Михайлович, живший на столетие раньше. В статье делается попытка анализа их мнений, привлекаются данные современной исторической науки относительно биографии Смоленских князей. На основании имеющихся данных пока невозможно сделать однозначный вывод о личности кн. Андрея Смоленского, однако версия С. П. Писарева представляется весьма убедительной. The article reviews different versions of the interpretation of the personality of Prince Andrew of Smolensk by pre-revolutionary and modern scholars. The arguments of St Philaret (Gumilevsky), who identified St Andrew of Smolensk with Prince Andrew Fyodorovich Korob'ya (†1390), whose opinion is widely spread at present, are presented in detail. Also, there is an abstract discussion of the point of view of S.P. Pisarev, which has not yet received a reception in the science, who challenged the arguments of St.Philaret and gave his version of the personality of Saint Andrew of Smolensk - Prince Andrew, who lived a century earlier. The article attempts to analyze their opinions and uses the data of contemporary historical science concerning the biography of the Smolensk kings. princes. On the basis of the available data it is still impossible to make a definite conclusion about the personality of Prince Andrew of Smolensk, but S.P. Pisarev's version seems very convincing.

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Smirnov, Dmitry Vladimirovitch. "Stepan Vasilyevich Smolensky and Folk Musical Culture." Manuskript, no. 9 (September 2020): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/manuscript.2020.9.36.

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