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Journal articles on the topic 'Smooth Cayenne pineapple - Irrigation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Zhuang, Zhi Kai, Ming Fu Li, Jun Yan He, and Jin Zhang. "Study on Fiber Fineness of Smooth Cayenne Pineapple Leaf." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.390.

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To determine the the fiber fineness in different parts of the old and young leaves. the pineapple leaf fiber of smooth cayenne was used as raw material, The results showed that, the length of fiber extracted from the old leaves of smooth cayenne pineapple ranged from 80 cm to 100 cm, and the average fiber fineness of the the tip and root were 14.40 dtex and 18.53 dtex, respectively. While the length of fiber extracted from the young leaves of smooth cayenne pineapple ranged from 50 cm to 70 cm, and the average fiber fineness of the the tip and root were 13.27 dtex and 14.77 dtex, respectively. Variance analysis reveals that the fiber fineness of root and tip in the old pineapple leaf showed significant difference (P<0.05) in smooth cayenne pineapple.

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2

Santa-Cecília, Lenira Viana Costa, Ernesto Prado, and Brígida Souza. "Probing behavior of Dysmicoccus brevipes mealybug in pineapple plants1." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 46, no. 4 (December 2016): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4642278.

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ABSTRACT Differences in susceptibility to viruses in plants may be partially explained by the insect vector probing behavior and by the presence of phenolic compounds, which are often associated with defense strategies. This study aimed at detecting barriers that may difficult the probing activity of the Dysmicoccus brevipes (Pseudococcidae) pineapple mealybug, a vector of the pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus, as well as evaluating the phenolic content of plants, in order to verify any possible relationship with the probing behavior, by using the electrical penetration graphs (EPG) technique. Seedlings of 'Smooth Cayenne' and 'Pérola' pineapple cultivars were used in the experiments. Only 28 % and 21 % of the mealybugs reached the phloem of the 'Smooth Cayenne' and 'Pérola' cultivars, respectively, over 16 h of recording, with an average of 9 h to reach the phloem vessels. The xylem phase was extended in both cultivars and represented approximately 31 % ('Smooth Cayenne') and 44 % ('Pérola') of the recording time. The phenolic contents of both cultivars were similar.

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3

Wakman, W., DS Teakle, JE Thomas, and RG Dietzgen. "Presence of a clostero-like virus and a bacilliform virus in pineapple plants in Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 5 (1995): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9950947.

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When sap of asymptomatic or mealybug wilt-affected pineapple plants of the Smooth Cayenne group was negatively stained and examined in an electron microscope, clostero-like virus particles were occasionally seen. However, numerous clostero-like virus particles and occasionally some bacilliform particles were seen in partially purified preparations from both asymptomatic and wilted pineapple leaves. An antiserum, made by injecting partially purified preparations of clostero-like particles into a rabbit, trapped and decorated the clostero-like particles. Using this antiserum, the clostero-like particles (c. 1700 -1900x12 nm) were found in almost all plants tested of Smooth Cayenne selections C10, C13, C30 and F-180, the hybrid cv. 53-116 and a selection of the rough leaf Queen group. The particles were more readily trapped from extracts of roots of hybrid cv. 53-116 and Smooth Cayenne selection C10 than from leaves, crowns and fruits. They were not detected in seedlings of a cross between a Queen selection and the Smooth Cayenne selection C10. The clostero-like particles are similar to those reported to occur in pineapple plants in Hawaii and South Africa. This is the first report of their occurrence in Australia. Trapping and decoration tests of particles in pineapples in quarantine from Brazil, France, Malaysia and Taiwan indicated that a similar clostero-like virus occurs in all these countries. The bacilliform particles measured about 133x33 nm. They were trapped and decorated by the Queensland pineapple virus antiserum and also by an antiserum to sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus. They were detected occasionally in various smooth leaf and rough leaf pineapples in north and south Queensland and northern New South Wales. However, in one commercial planting of Smooth Cayenne selection C10 in south Queensland, bacilliform particles were trapped from 29/47 plants. This is the first report of a small bacilliform virus, probably belonging to the badnavirus group, occurring in pineapple plants. The relationship of the clostero-like and bacilliform viruses to yield loss and mealybug wilt in pineapples is unknown.

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4

Stewart, R. J., B. J. B. Sawyer, and S. P. Robinson. "Blackheart development following chilling in fruit of susceptible and resistant pineapple cultivars." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 2 (2002): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01094.

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Smooth Cayenne, a widely grown commercial cultivar of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.), is susceptible to the internal browning disorder known as blackheart (also referred to as endogenous brown spot or internal browning). This disorder is induced by chilling and results in browning of the flesh and core of the fruit due to the oxidation of phenolic substances by the enzyme polyphenol oxidase. The hybrid pineapple cultivar Hawaiian Gold (53-116) is reported to be resistant to blackheart. Fruit of both Hawaiian Gold and Smooth Cayenne were stored for 14 days at 0, 2, 4, 6, 10 and 23˚C, followed by 7 days at 23˚C. Blackheart symptoms were observed in the flesh of Smooth Cayenne fruit chilled at 10˚C and they were progressively less severe at lower chilling temperatures, with no symptoms observed in the flesh of fruit chilled at 0˚C. Increased blackheart symptoms were observed in the core of the fruit at temperatures below 6˚C. Blackheart symptoms were not observed in the flesh of Hawaiian Gold fruit chilled at any of the temperatures tested, but some symptoms were observed in the core tissue at temperatures between 0 and 6˚C. Increased polyphenol oxidase activity was induced by chilling in the flesh of Smooth Cayenne fruit but not in the flesh of Hawaiian Gold. The levels of phenolics and juice pH were similar in the 2 cultivars. The results indicate that Hawaiian Gold fruit are resistant to blackheart in the flesh, at chilling temperatures of between 0 and 23˚C. The unexpected observation that blackheart symptoms were restricted to the core of both Smooth Cayenne and Hawaiian Gold fruit following chilling at 0˚C may have useful implications for the pineapple-processing industry.

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5

Jintana, J., J. Adisak, and W. Chatlada. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND ACCEPTABILITY OF 'SMOOTH CAYENNE' PINEAPPLE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 902 (July 2011): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.902.57.

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6

Mota, Mauro Franco Castro, Rodinei Facco Pegoraro, Victor Martins Maia, Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio, Marcos Koiti Kondo, and Silvânio Rodrigues Santos. "Can sewage sludge increase soil fertility and replace inorganic fertilizers for pineapple production?" Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (August 22, 2021): e50101119310. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19310.

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Sewage sludge from treatment plants is an important source of N and organic matter for agriculture. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of sewage sludge and mineral fertilization on the soil chemical properties and production of five pineapple cultivars. The study was conducted in 2 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of two different fertilizers (sewage sludge and mineral fertilizers), combined with five pineapple cultivars (‘Pérola’, ‘Vitória’, ‘Smooth Cayenne’, ‘MD-2’, and ‘IAC Fantástico’). Sewage sludge fertilization favoured soil fertility by promoting a decrease in the pH and increase in the content of soil organic matter, phosphorus, calcium, iron, and zinc, compared to soil with mineral fertilization. In pineapple plants, sewage sludge fertilization provided statistically similar yields and physic chemical fruit characteristics compared to mineral fertilization. Among cultivars, the ‘Smooth Cayenne’ presented the highest yield (125 t ha-1), followed by cultivars ‘MD-2’ and ‘IAC Fantástico’, with intermediate yields of 98 and 90 t ha-1. Cultivars ‘Pérola’ and ‘Vitória’ presented lower yields. In this context, it was observed that sewage sludge can be used in pineapple cultivars, as an alternative source of nutrients to partial replaces inorganic fertilization.

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7

Joomwong, J., and A. Joomwong. "Physical, chemical quality and sensory evaluation of ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple fruits." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1213 (September 2018): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1213.73.

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8

Zhang, X. M., M. A. Dou, Y. L. Yao, L. Q. Du, G. M. Sun, and J. G. Li. "SUGAR ACCUMULATION IN 'SMOOTH CAYENNE' PINEAPPLE FRUITS IN DIFFERENT HARVEST SEASONS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 902 (July 2011): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.902.19.

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9

Sani, L. A., I. S. Usman, A. U. Nasir, and M. M. Abdulmalik. "Micropropagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Var. Smooth cayenne) in temporary immersion bioreactor system (TIPS)." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i2.29.

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Pineapple is an important edible fruit in the family Bromeliaceae popularly grown in the tropical and subtropical countries. Commercial prodution of pineapple requires large volume of planting materials which could not easily be obtained using conventional method of propagation. A protocol for mass propagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. var.smooth cayenne) using temporary immersion bioreactor system has been developed.The protocol involves four immersion cycles in Murashinge and Skoog (MS) media fortified with 1mg/L or 2mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) with or without 0.25g/L activated charcoal (AC). The highest multiplication rate (120 -130 plants/bottle) was obtained when media was fortified with 1mg/l or 2mg/L BAP alone. The presence of activated charcoal (AC) promoted root morphogenesis, resulting in significant increase in roots formation in BAP suplemented media. A combination of BAP with AC significantly increased the number of competent plants(20 – 30 plants/bottle) after four weeks of culture in temporary immersion system. The system is recommended for rapid and efficient micropropagation of pineapple.

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10

Costa, H. B., S. G. Delboni, F. S. Fortunato, and J. A. Ventura. "PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN STEMS OF 'VITÓRIA', 'SMOOTH CAYENNE' AND PÉROLA' PINEAPPLE PLANTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 822 (March 2009): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.822.29.

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11

Adisak, J., and J. Jintana. "CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SUGAR CONTENTS IN 'SMOOTH CAYENNE' PINEAPPLE FRUIT DURING MATURATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 902 (July 2011): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.902.51.

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12

Aiyelaagbe, I. O. O., A. A. Oshuniyi, and J. O. Adegoke. "RESPONSE OF 'SMOOTH CAYENNE' PINEAPPLE TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 933 (March 2012): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2012.933.32.

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13

刘, 亚男. "Influence of Different Maturity Degrees on Fruit Quality of “Smooth Cayenne” Pineapple." Hans Journal of Food and Nutrition Science 03, no. 02 (2014): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjfns.2014.32005.

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14

Antunes, Andréa Maria, Elizabeth Orika Ono, Aloísio Costa Sampaio, and João Domingos Rodrigues. "Physico-chemical and harvest time alterations in pineapple fruits ‘Smooth Cayenne’ caused by paclobutrazol." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 51, no. 1 (February 2008): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132008000100003.

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The aim of this work was to assess the effect of an inhibitor acting in the floral differentiation on the physico-chemical characteristics of pineapple fruits and on the effect in the harvest time. Paclobutrazol was used at concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 mg L-1, applied 2, 3 or 4 times in ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple plants. The treatment did not influence the chemical characteristics of the fruits, and even having some physical alterations, they were within the quality standard for the commercialization. The harvest time was amplified in all the treatments comparing to the control. However, 150 mg L-1 applied twice promoted the best result when analyzing together the harvest time and the fruit fresh matter.

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15

Paull, Robert E. "POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF SMOOTH CAYENNE PINEAPPLE IN HAWAII FOR THE FRESH FRUIT MARKET." Acta Horticulturae, no. 334 (October 1993): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1993.334.28.

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16

Martins, L. P., S. M. Silva, R. M. N. Mendonça, and A. P. da Silva. "POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF 'SMOOTH CAYENNE' PINEAPPLE TREATED WITH 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE AND COLD SHOCK." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1012 (November 2013): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.1012.66.

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17

Pizato, Sandriane, Raquel Costa Chevalier, Marcela Félix Dos Santos, Tailine Saturnino Da Costa, Rosalinda Arévalo Pinedo, and William Renzo Cortez Vega. "Evaluation of the shelf-life extension of fresh-cut pineapple (Smooth cayenne) by application of different edible coatings." British Food Journal 121, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 1592–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2018-0780.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the shelf-life of minimally processed pineapple when subjected to the use of different edible coatings. Design/methodology/approach The pineapples were peeled and cut into cubes. The gums were prepared by dissolving them in distilled water and then heated to total dissolution. After calcium chloride, citric acid and ascorbic acid and glycerol were added in the solutions. The pieces of pineapple were completely submerged in the respective solutions and then drained. Four treatments were obtained, namely: T1 – control treatment (pineapple without coating); T2 – pectin; T3 – tara; T4 – xanthan. The cubes were stored in PET by 12 days at 4±1°C. Analyzes were carried out of mass loss, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, microbiological and sensory analysis. Findings It was possible to observe that the use of evaluated coatings was efficient to maintain the conservation of minimally processed pineapple in all analyzes, when compared with the control sample. The treatment with tara gum showed the best results to those obtained by the other studied gums. Practical implications The study may help small-scale establishments to increase the shelf-life of minimally processed pineapple. Originality/value Tara gum reduced the mass loss, delayed the microbial growth and maintained the sensorial quality of minimally processed pineapples for a longer time.

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18

Neri, Juan C., Jegnes Benjamín Meléndez Mori, Nuri Carito Vilca Valqui, Eyner Huaman Huaman, Roicer Collazos Silva, and Manuel Oliva. "Effect of Planting Density on the Agronomic Performance and Fruit Quality of Three Pineapple Cultivars (Ananas comosus L. Merr.)." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (February 28, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5559564.

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Pineapple is a crop of great importance for the economic stability of a large number of Peruvians; however, in areas experiencing low degrees of technological intervention, farmers generally adopt low planting densities. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of three plantation densities (35700, 47600, and 55500 plants ha−1) on the agronomic performance and fruit quality of three pineapple cultivars (“Golden,” “Smooth Cayenne,” and “Santa Rosa” ecotype). The experiment was performed under a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement, and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Tukey test ( p < 0.05 ). The results show significant differences in terms of plant height and D-leaf length, with “Golden” being the cultivar that achieved the best performance at the three planting densities. The diameter (11.77–13.29 cm) and weight of the fruit without a crown (1.48–1.85 kg) were not affected by the treatments; in contrast, the length and weight of the fruit with a crown did exhibit significant variations, highlighting the “Smooth Cayenne” cultivar and “Santa Rosa” ecotype at a density of 55500 plants ha−1, respectively. The highest estimated yield (>100 t ha−1) for the three pineapple cultivars was recorded at a density of 55500 plants ha−1. The content of total soluble solids was higher in the “Golden” cultivar, but in general, all the fruits exceeded the established standards. Based on the results, it is recommended that farmers in the area and those with similar conditions establish a planting density of 55500 plants ha−1 because it improves the yield without damaging the quality of the fruit of the pineapple cultivars evaluated.

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19

Bartholomew, Duane P., Richard A. Hawkins, and Johnny A. Lopez. "Hawaii Pineapple: The Rise and Fall of an Industry." HortScience 47, no. 10 (October 2012): 1390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.10.1390.

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The date pineapple (Ananas comosus var. comosus) was introduced to Hawaii is not known, but its presence was first recorded in 1813. When American missionaries first arrived in Hawaii in 1820, pineapple was found growing wild and in gardens and small plots. The pineapple canning industry began in Baltimore in the mid-1860s and used fruit imported from the Caribbean. The export-based Hawaii pineapple industry was developed by an entrepreneurial group of California migrants who arrived in Hawaii in 1898 and the well-connected James D. Dole who arrived in 1899. The first profitable lot of canned pineapples was produced by Dole’s Hawaiian Pineapple Company in 1903 and the industry grew rapidly from there. Difficulties encountered in production and processing as the industry grew included low yields resulting from severe iron chlorosis and the use of low plant populations, mealybug wilt that devastated whole fields, inadequate machinery that limited cannery capacity, and lack of or poorly developed markets for the industry’s canned fruit. The major production problems were solved by public- and industry-funded research and innovation in the field and in the cannery. An industry association and industry-funded cooperative marketing efforts, initially led by James Dole, helped to expand the market for canned pineapple. Industry innovations were many and included: selection of ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple as the most productive cultivar with the best quality fruit for canning; identification of the cause of manganese-induced iron chlorosis and its control with biweekly iron sulphate sprays; the use of mulch paper and the mechanization of its application, which increased yields by more than 20 t·ha−1; and the invention of the Ginaca peeler–corer machine, which greatly sped cannery throughput. Nematodes were also a serious problem for the industry, which resulted in the discovery and development of nematicides in the 1930s. As a result, by 1930 Hawaii led the world in the production of canned pineapple and had the world’s largest canneries. Production and sale of canned pineapple fell sharply during the world depression that began in 1929. However, the formation of an industry cartel to control output and marketing of canned pineapple, aggressive industry-funded marketing programs, and rapid growth in the volume of canned juice after 1933 restored industry profitability. Although the industry supported the world’s largest pineapple breeding program from 1914 until 1986, no cultivars emerged that replaced ‘Smooth Cayenne’ for canning. The lack of success was attributed in part to the superiority of ‘Smooth Cayenne’ in the field and the cannery, but also to the difficulty in producing defect-free progeny from crosses between highly heterozygous parents that were self-incompatible. Production of canned pineapple peaked in 1957, but the stage was set for the decline of the Hawaii industry when Del Monte, one of Hawaii’s largest canners, established the Philippine Packing Corporation (PPC) in the Philippines in the 1930s. The expansion of the PPC after World War II, followed by the establishment of plantations and canneries by Castle and Cooke’s Dole division in the Philippines in 1964 and in Thailand in 1972, sped the decline. The decline occurred mainly because foreign-based canneries had labor costs approximately one-tenth those in Hawaii. As the Hawaii canneries closed, the industry gradually shifted to the production of fresh pineapples. During that transition, the pineapple breeding program of the Pineapple Research Institute of Hawaii produced the MD-2 pineapple cultivar, now the world’s pre-eminent fresh fruit cultivar. However, the first and major beneficiary of that cultivar was Costa Rica where Del Monte had established a fresh fruit plantation in the late 1970s. Dole Food Co. and Maui Gold Pineapple Co. continue to produce fresh pineapples in Hawaii, mostly for the local market. All of the canneries eventually closed, the last one on Maui in 2007.

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20

Dolhaji, Noer Hartini, Ida Idayu Muhamad, Harisun Ya’akub, and Azila Abd Aziz. "Evaluation of chilling injury and internal browning condition on quality attributes, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity during sub-optimal cold storage of malaysian cultivar pineapples." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14, no. 4 (January 6, 2019): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n4.1072.

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Pineapple cold storage at sub-optimal temperature (4 ± 2 °C) and duration of storage (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days) was periodically tracked to investigate its effect on physical injuries known as chilling injury (CI) and internal browning (IB), which contribute to degradation of pineapple’s quality attributes (i.e., pH, total soluble solids (TSS) concentration, ascorbic acid (AA) content, ion leakage (EL), antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic content (TPC). In this study, three main Malaysian pineapple cultivars were evaluated based on the hypothesis that pineapple’s physical injuries (CI and IB) affect the quality attributes, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity. Towards day 28 of sub-optimal cold storage treatment, cv. Morris (Queen) showed higher CI and IB incidences. However, the incidences were not statistically significant at a significance level of 0.05 in two other pineapple varieties cv. Josephine (hybrid, between ‘Johor’ Spanish and Smooth Cayenne) and cv. MD-2 or gold (the hybrid of Smooth Cayenne)), which exhibited resistance to CI and IB. Meanwhile, it was found that sub-optimal cold storage up to 28 days affects CI and IB of three main Malaysian pineapple cultivars regardless of their genetic capability towards these injuries. Further, the study revealed that CI and IB symptoms were correlated with a decrease in TSS and pH, and an increase in the percentage of EL, TPC, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant activities measured by FRAP and DPPH, respectively. Meanwhile, in terms of overall quality attributes result with focus interaction of TPC and antioxidant capacity, cv. MD-2 was observed to be impacted the most during sub-optimal cold storage. The study concluded that CI and IB conditions were positively correlated with the degradation of quality attributes as reflected in TSS content, pH, EL, TPC content, and total antioxidant capacity.

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21

Rebolledo-Martinez, A., R. Mosqueda-Vazquez, A. E. Becerril-Roman, L. Rebolledo-Martinez, and Daniel E. Uriza-Avila. "GROWTH ANALYSIS OF SMOOTH CAYENNE PINEAPPLE GROWN UNDER FOUR FERTILIZER RATES IN VERACRUZ, MEXICO." Acta Horticulturae, no. 334 (October 1993): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1993.334.16.

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22

Mota, Mauro F. C., Rodinei F. Pegoraro, Silvânio R. dos Santos, Victor M. Maia, Regynaldo A. Sampaio, and Marcos K. Kondo. "Contamination of soil and pineapple fruits under fertilization with sewage sludge." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 22, no. 5 (May 2018): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n5p320-325.

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ABSTRACT Sewage sludge is rich in organic matter and nutrients for the plants, and can be used in pineapple production, but there are few studies with scientific evaluation of possible inorganic and biological contaminants in pineapple plantations. In view of the above, this study aimed to evaluate the contamination of the soil and in fruits of pineapple fertilized with sewage sludge. The study was conducted in the municipality of Janaúba-MG. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, with four replicates, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of two different fertilizers: sewage sludge (SS) and mineral fertilizers (MF), and five pineapple varieties (Pérola, Vitória, Smooth Cayenne, MD-2, Fantastic IAC). Nitrogen was adopted as the base element to calculate the sewage sludge dose in the pineapple crop. Fertilization with sewage sludge increased the Zn and Cu contents in the soil and the Zn content in the leaves of the pineapple plants. Sewage sludge did not change the contents of As, Pb, Ba, Cu and Zn in the fruit, and Cr, Ni and Cd contents were not detected by the method used. Pineapple fruits did not show microbiological contamination above the limits established by the Brazilian legislation.

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23

Samuel, Kouadio Oi Kouadio, Yapo Edwige Sopie Salomé, Silue Oumar, Adou Bini Yao Christophe, and Kouakou Tanoh Hilaire. "Influence of Carbohydrates on Callus Proliferation During Somatic Embryogenesis in Pineapple [Ananas Comosus (L.) Merr. (Bromeliaceae) Var. Cayenne Smooth Cultivar CI 16]." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 15 (May 31, 2018): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n15p287.

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The improvement of pineapple (Ananas comosus var. Smooth Cayenne) by means of in vitro culture is less studied in Côte d'Ivoire despite the importance of this plant for this country’s economy. Our work consisted in highlighting nature and concentration effects of carbohydrates on the proliferation of calli in pineapple as a prelude to efficient embryogenesis. Callus proliferation was carried out from the base of pineapple vitroplants leaves. Thirty (30) explants were cultured on the tested culture medium. MS medium (micro- and macro elements of Murashige and Skoog) supplemented with vitamin Gamborg B5 was used as base medium to which were added 0.05 mg/L BAP, 3 mg/L picloram, 2 mg/L glycine, 1,000 mg/L glutamine, 100 mg/L casein hydrolyzate and 30 g/L carbohydrate. Sucrose was tested at different concentrations (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 g/L). The results revealed that callus proliferation is strongly influenced (p ˂ 0.0001) by nature and concentration of carbohydrate. Sucrose with the highest dry matter content (61.34 mg) has a higher callogenic potential than the other studied carbohydrates. The concentration of 30 g/L sucrose significantly improved the calli proliferation in pineapple. Galactose and maltose were less favorable to proliferation.

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24

Borroto, Eduviges G., Mayra Cintra, Justo González, Carlos Borroto, and Pedro Oramas. "First Report of a Closterovirus-Like Particle Associated with Pineapple Plants (Ananas comosus cv. Smooth Cayenne) Affected with Pineapple Mealybug Wilt in Cuba." Plant Disease 82, no. 2 (February 1998): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.2.263c.

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Pineapple mealybug wilt (PMW) was first described in Hawaii in 1910 and has since spread wherever pineapple is cultivated. PMW is currently one of the most important field diseases of pineapple in Cuba, causing up to 40% crop loss. Leaves of plants affected with PMW turn bronze-red and lose turgidity, and the tips curve down. Root system size is decreased and fruits are unmarketable because the flesh is fibrous and sour. Leaves from wilt-affected pineapple plants were selected from the Experimental Station “Tomás Roig” at Ciego de Avila, Cuba. Asymptomatic plants derived from meristem tissue and cultivated under greenhouse conditions were also collected. Both samples were analyzed by several virus purification procedures and finally purified with a protocol modified from Gunashinge and German (1). Partially purified samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were negatively stained and examined by a JEOL (JEM-2000 EX) transmission electron microscope at a magnification of ×30,000. Sixteen, long, flexuous, rod-shaped, viruslike particles (estimated length 1,200 to 1,450 nm; width about 12 nm) were observed in symptomatic leaves, using electron microscope micrographs. These particles were similar to those of the pineapple clostero-like virus found in Hawaii (1) and Australia (2). Particles were observed from symptomatic plants but not from plants propagated by primary meristem culture. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of viral proteins indicated that the coat protein has a molecular mass of approximately 23 kDa. This is the first report of closterovirus-like particles associated with pineapple plants (Ananas comosus cv. Smooth Cayenne) affected with PMW in Cuba. References: (1) U. B. Gunasinge and T. L. German. Phytopathology 79:1337, 1989. (2) W. Wakman et al. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 46:947, 1995.

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Santoso, Ramadhani Dwi, and Sobir. "Pertumbuhan Planlet Nenas (Ananas comosusL. Merr.) Varietas Smooth Cayenne Hasil Kultur In Vitro pada Beberapa Konsentrasi BAP dan Umur Plantlet." Buletin Agrohorti 1, no. 1 (January 11, 2013): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrob.1.1.54-61.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">The aim of this research is to study the effects of synthetic cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine/BAP) treatments on two groups of pineapple (Ananas comosusL.Merr.) plantlets differentiated by plantlet ages. The research used the Factorial Experiment on Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors, which are BAP concentrations (0 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 75 ppm) and plantlet division by age grouping (52 days and 69 days), with three replications. It was then followed by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference Test at error level of 5%. The results show that BAP treatments with the concentration used in this research significantly inhibits the growth of pineapple plantlets observed on four variables (number of leaves, leave length, plantlet height, and plantlet diameter), while age grouping treatments didn’t show any significant effects, except on the plantlet height at 8 and 14 weeks after treatment. There are also treatment-related interactions which significantly affects the number of leaves and plantlet height. It was then suggested that lower concentrations of cytokinin are required if similar research is to be conducted in the future.</p><p>Keywords : pineapple, post-acclimatization, propagation, 6-benzylaminopurine</p>

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26

Teixeira, Luiz Antonio Junqueira, José Antonio Quaggio, Heitor Cantarella, and Estêvão Vicari Mellis. "Potassium fertilization for pineapple: effects on plant growth and fruit yield." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, no. 2 (June 2011): 618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011000200035.

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A field experiment with pineapple (Smooth Cayenne) was carried out on an Ultisol located in the city of Agudos (22º30'S; 49º03'W), in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with the objective of investigating the effects of rates and sources of potassium fertilizer on plant growth and fruit yield. The experiment was a complete factorial design (4x3) with four rates (0, 175, 350, and 700 kg ha-1 of K2O) and three combinations of K sources (100% KCl, 100% K2SO4, and 40% K2SO4 + 60% KCl). Plant growth and fruit yield were evaluated. Biomass accumulation of pineapple plants was impaired by chlorine added with potassium chloride. Fruit yield increased with potassium fertilization. At high rates of K application, fertilization with K2SO4 showed better results than with KCl. Detrimental effects of KCl were associated with excess of chlorine.

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Teixeira, L. A. J., J. A. Quaggio, and F. C. B. Zambrosi. "PRELIMINARY DRIS NORMS FOR 'SMOOTH CAYENNE' PINEAPPLE AND DERIVATION OF CRITICAL LEVELS OF LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 822 (March 2009): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.822.15.

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Teixeira, Silvio Lopes, Juliana Martins Ribeiro, and Márcia Torres Teixeira. "Influence of NaClO on nutrient medium sterilization and on pineapple (Ananas comosus cv Smooth cayenne) behavior." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 86, no. 3 (August 17, 2006): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-006-9121-3.

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29

Budu, A. S., and D. C. Joyce. "Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of minimally processed pineapple cv. ‘Smooth Cayenne’ fruit." Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 80, no. 2 (January 2005): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2005.11511916.

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30

RAMSAROOP, RAYMOND E. S., and AURORA A. SAULO. "COMPARATIVE CONSUMER AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DEL MONTE HAWAI`I GOLD AND SMOOTH CAYENNE PINEAPPLE CULTIVARS." Journal of Food Quality 30, no. 2 (April 2007): 135–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.2007.00111.x.

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31

Bartolomé, Ana P., Pilar Rupérez, and Carmen Fúster. "Pineapple fruit: morphological characteristics, chemical composition and sensory analysis of red Spanish and Smooth Cayenne cultivars." Food Chemistry 53, no. 1 (January 1995): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(95)95790-d.

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32

Souleymane, Coulibaly, Yapo Sopie Edwige-Salomé, N’cho Achi Laurent, Kouadio Oi Kouadio Samuel, and Kouakou Tanoh Hilaire. "Effects of Potassium Fertilization for Pineapple on Internal Browning of Fruit in Post-Harvest Conservation." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 56 (June 15, 2019): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.56.100.108.

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Resistance to internal browning of pineapple fruits depends on several factors such as the cultural techniques through mineral fertilization. The objective of this work is to study the effects of the potassium fertilization for pineapple on internal browning of fruit in post-harvest conservation. The experiments have been carried out on the site of the University Nangui Abrogoua (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire) of July 2015 to the end of October 2016. Potassium has been applied according to four modalities of treatments (T0; T1; T2 and T3) made in 2nd, 4, 6 and 7th months (respectively) after plantation. The incidence of internal browning (IB), the phenolic content, sugars and ascorbic acid have been determined after post-harvest conservation of fruit. The activity of phenolic biosynthesis enzymes (PAL and TAL) and oxidation enzymes (PPO and POD) were evaluated. The results showed that BI intensity in pineapple fruit decreases with the potassium amount applied in field. This IB drop was correlated with the content of reducing sugars, total phenols, activity of PAL and the PPO. No symptom of IB was observed on pineapple fruits under treatment T2 (34 g of K2O/plant). Potassium has a depressive effect on phenolic biosynthesis. In effect, it inhibits the IB in the both varieties of pineapple studied that are Smooth Cayenne and MD2.

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Teixeira, Luiz Antonio Junqueira, José Antonio Quaggio, Heitor Cantarella, and Estêvão Vicari Mellis. "Potassium fertilization for pineapple: effects on soil chemical properties and plant nutrition." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, no. 2 (June 2011): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011000200036.

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A field experiment was carried out on an Ultisol located at the city of Agudos (22º30'S; 49º03'W), in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in order to determine the effects of rates and sources of potassium fertilizer on nutritional status of 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple and on some soil chemical properties. The experiment was a complete factorial design with four rates (0, 175, 350, and 700 kg ha-1 of K2O) and three combinations of K sources (100% KCl, 100% K2SO4 and 40% K2SO4 + 60% KCl). Soil samples were taken from the depths 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm at planting and 14 months after. Nutritional status of pineapple plants was assessed by means of tissue analysis. Soil K availability increased with application of K fertilizer, regardless of K sources. Soil chlorine and Cl concentration in pineapple leaves increased with application of KCl or K2SO4+KCl. Plant uptake of potassium was shaped by soil K availability and by the application rates of K fertilizer, independently of K sources.

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Guillemin, Jean-Philippe, Silvio Gianinazzi, Vivienne Gianinazzi-Pearson, and Jean Marchal. "Control by arbuscular endomycorrhizae of Pratylenchus brachyurus in pineapple microplants." Agricultural and Food Science 3, no. 3 (May 1, 1994): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72703.

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Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey) Filip & Schurr-Steekh. has been reported in association with pineapple roots and is considered as an important pathogen on pineapple. Microplants of Queen Tahiti, Smooth Cayenne and Spanish varieties were inoculated with Glomus sp. (LPA21) and/or P. brachyurus at transplanting from axenic conditions or one month later. The presence of the nematode did not affect shoot growth of endomycorrhizal plants. Late P. brachyurus inoculation did not influence growth of nonmycorrhizal plants while early pathogen application caused reductions in nonmycorrhizal plant growth. Nematode number per g of root was significantly decreased for endomycorrhizal plants when pathogen was introduced at outplanting or one month later. Nematode inoculation affected endomycorrhizal colonization estimated by non vital staining for the Queen Tahiti and Spanish varieties but did not alter development of metabolically active arbuscules in roots of the three varieties. P concentration of endomycorrhizal shoots was higher for all treatments and P. brachyurus tended to decrease mineral concentration of nonmycorrhizal plants with early nematode application.

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35

Chen, Li-Yu, Robert VanBuren, Margot Paris, Hongye Zhou, Xingtan Zhang, Ching Man Wai, Hansong Yan, et al. "The bracteatus pineapple genome and domestication of clonally propagated crops." Nature Genetics 51, no. 10 (September 30, 2019): 1549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0506-8.

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Abstract Domestication of clonally propagated crops such as pineapple from South America was hypothesized to be a ‘one-step operation’. We sequenced the genome of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus CB5 and assembled 513 Mb into 25 chromosomes with 29,412 genes. Comparison of the genomes of CB5, F153 and MD2 elucidated the genomic basis of fiber production, color formation, sugar accumulation and fruit maturation. We also resequenced 89 Ananas genomes. Cultivars ‘Smooth Cayenne’ and ‘Queen’ exhibited ancient and recent admixture, while ‘Singapore Spanish’ supported a one-step operation of domestication. We identified 25 selective sweeps, including a strong sweep containing a pair of tandemly duplicated bromelain inhibitors. Four candidate genes for self-incompatibility were linked in F153, but were not functional in self-compatible CB5. Our findings support the coexistence of sexual recombination and a one-step operation in the domestication of clonally propagated crops. This work guides the exploration of sexual and asexual domestication trajectories in other clonally propagated crops.

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Guillemin, Jean-Philippe, Silvio Gianinazzi, Vivienne Gianinazzi-Pearson, and Jean Marchal. "Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizas to biological protection of micropropagated pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) against Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands." Agricultural and Food Science 3, no. 3 (May 1, 1994): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72702.

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Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands causes root rot of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) and the development of this disease is harmful for fruit production. Micropropagated plants of two varieties, Queen Tahiti and Smooth Cayenne (clone CYO), were inoculated at transplanting from axenic conditions with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to evaluate the importance of endomycorrhiza development for biological protection against P. cinnamomi. Growth and mineral nutrition of endomycorrhizal plants were not affected by different inoculum levels of P. cinnamomi, whilst they were reduced for non-mycorrhizal plants. Root/shoot ratio of endomycorrhizal plants was lower than that of non-mycorrhizal plants, and the pathogen did not modify this effect except at highest inoculum levels of P. cinnamomi. Endomycorrhizal colonization was not altered by the pathogen; however symbiotic functioning was reduced by the highest concentration of inoculum of P. cinnamomi. Endomycorrhization is an interesting biotechnology for the production of micropropagated pineapple.

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Dolhaji, N. H., I. D. Muhammad, H. Yaakob, and A. Mohd Marsin. "Chilling injury in pineapple fruits: physical quality attributes and antioxidant enzyme activity." Food Research 4, S5 (December 20, 2020): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(s5).004.

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Harvested fruit have high metabolic and moisture content which leads to an active biochemical reaction that contributes to decrement of nutritional value such as vitamin, proteins and lipids. The application of low temperature as a single-effective management to prolong shelf-life of fruits is a common practice which applied to keep agriculture commodities at high quality. A matured stage pineapple is very perishable and cold storage chain is crucial in maintaining the chemical and physical quality attributes in order to assure its commercial value for market. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of sub-optimum cold storage scenario on changes of pineapple fruits physical quality attributes, the activity of browning enzyme and antioxidant related enzyme in 2 pineapple cultivars (cv.), Morris (Queen-type) and Josapine (hybrid of Spanish and Smooth Cayeen). Malaysian pineapple fruit cv. with different sensitivity toward CI, Morris (Queen-type) and Josapine (Smooth-Cayenne-type) were stored at sub-optimal storage temperatures (4±2°C) for 28 days to investigate the effects of CI towards physical quality attributes and antioxidant enzyme activity. The result indicated both cv. was affected with CI towards the 28 days of sub-optimum cold storage. Overall physical quality attributes indicated CI was found positively correlated with the increase of EL and TTA and on the contrary decrease its firmness, weight (% w/w), brightness (L*) and redness (A*). Similarly, a positive correlation was also deduced between CI symptoms and the activities of PPO and APX which reflect the incident of oxidative stress. The results derived from this study may serve as a basis for evaluation of better postharvest strategies to control CI during cold chain storage of pineapple fruits and thus assure the quality and nutritional value till it reaches to consumer.

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38

Sanewski, G. M., and J. Giles. "Blackheart resistance in three clones of pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] in subtropical Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 4 (1997): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96094.

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Summary. Smooth Cayenne Queensland clone 13, and intergroup hybrids 53-116 and 73-50 were harvested in mid July 1994 and evaluated for blackheart resistance. Relative to C13, hybrids 73-50 and 53-116 had some level of field resistance to blackheart but only 53-116 was without blackheart after storage at 10°C for 14 days followed by 20°C for 8 days. Hybrid 53-116 had a high vitamin C content compared with clone 13. However, 73-50 had the highest level of vitamin C but still developed blackheart, although the symptoms were not as severe as C13. This indicates that factors other than vitamin C may play a role in blackheart resistance. The level of field resistance to blackheart shown by 73-50 may be sufficient for winter production in some sites in south-east Queensland. Field testing is needed to determine the value of this resistance.

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39

Dalldorf, E. R. "THE EFFECT OF PLANT POPULATION AND NITROGEN FERTILISER ON GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF SMOOTH CAYENNE PINEAPPLE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 334 (October 1993): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1993.334.22.

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40

Cabrera, H. A. P., H. C. Menezes, J. V. Oliveira, and R. F. S. Batista. "Evaluation of Residual Levels of Benomyl, Methyl Parathion, Diuron, and Vamidothion in Pineapple Pulp and Bagasse (Smooth Cayenne)." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48, no. 11 (November 2000): 5750–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9911444.

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41

Ko, H. L., P. R. Campbell, M. P. Jobin-Décor, K. L. Eccleston, M. W. Graham, and M. K. Smith. "The Introduction of Transgenes to Control Blackheart in Pineapple (Ananas Comosus L.) cv. Smooth Cayenne by Microprojectile Bombardment." Euphytica 150, no. 3 (August 2006): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9124-5.

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42

Sossa, Elvire, Codjo Agbangba, Gustave Dagbenonbakin, Roméo Tohoun, Pierre Tovihoudji, and Guillaume Amadji. "Organo-Mineral Fertilization Enhances the Acceptability of Smooth Cayenne Pineapple Fruit (Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill) for European Export and Domestic Consumption in Benin." Agriculture 9, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9030065.

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Heterogeneity in pineapple fruit quality explains the low export volume of fruits from Benin to the international market. This work aims to investigate influences of organo-mineral fertilizer on a) pineapple fruit yield, b) fruit quality and the proportion of fruits meeting European export standards, and c) fresh fruit acceptability for domestic consumption. The experimental design is a split-plot with three replications where the main factor is organic manure (poultry litter) (P0 = 0 t ha−1, P1 = 5 t ha−1, P2 = 10 t ha−1) and the sub-plot factor, N-P-K fertilization in kg ha−1 (T0:100-30-150, T1: 200-60-300, T2: 400-120-600, and T3: 600-180-900). To evaluate the percentage of fruit meeting European standards, a generalized linear model with binomial error structures was used. A sensorial test was carried out on fresh pulp to assess the preference of fruit meeting domestic criterion. A preference mapping was assessed through an acceptability test with a nine-point hedonic scale. Organo-mineral fertilizer significantly improved fruit weight (p = 0.012), fresh juice weight (p = 0.042), total soluble solids (p = 0.032), and the percentage of fruits meeting European standards (p < 0.001). Better fruits meeting export standards were found with treatments P1T1, P2T0, and P2T3 (83.33 ± 28.87%). Fruits from treatments P0T2, P2T1, P1T3, and P2T2 were highly accepted for domestic consumption (70%). The results suggested that organo-fertilizer producing fruit achieving exportation standards may differ from those satisfying domestic preferences. Moreover, the findings suggested that the ratio crown length: fruit length, which is a key ratio for exportation standards, is not related to physico-chemical quality. Finally, the findings have implications for the sustainability of pineapple production for domestic and exportation purposes.

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Swibawa, I. Gede, Irma Amaliah, and Titik Nur Aeny. "PENGARUH INFESTASI NEMATODA Pratylenchus TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN NENAS [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.]." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 1, no. 1 (March 2, 2001): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.1125-28.

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Pratylenchus is an important parasitic nematode on pineapples in the world. This plant parasitic nematodes may cause severe damages on roots, resulted in retarded plant growth. The experiment consisted of four Pratylenchus population levels per plant with 4 replications. The experiment was conducted on June to September 1999, on PT. Great Giant Pineapple Company (GGPC) in Central Lampung District. The aim of the research was to study the nematode population effects on root damages and plant growth. The result showed that smooth cayenne variety was a favorable host of Pratylenchus. Rapid rate of nematode population occurred in three months. The root damage of infested plant with as much as 100 - 300 nematodes per plant was up to 20.39 - 31.72 percent and caused canopy wet weight was a half lower than those untreated plant.

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44

Pamela, Eloho Akin-Idowu, Oluseyi Solomon Akinyemi Sunday, and Olubunmi Ibitoye Dorcas. "Influence of medium type and growth regulators on in vitro micropropagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.), var. Smooth cayenne)." African Journal of Plant Science 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2014): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajps2014.1184.

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45

Liu, Sheng hui, Xiao ping Zang, and Guang ming Sun. "Changes in endogenous hormone concentrations during inflorescence induction and development in pineapple (Ananas comosus cv. Smooth Cayenne) by ethephon." African Journal of Biotechnology 10, no. 53 (September 14, 2011): 10892–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb11.124.

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46

Hamad, Abdelhamid M., and R. M. Taha. "Effect of Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on in vitro Proliferation and Growth of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) cv. Smooth Cayenne." Journal of Applied Sciences 8, no. 22 (November 1, 2008): 4180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2008.4180.4185.

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47

Ko, Lien, Karen Eccleston, Tim O’Hare, Lung Wong, Janet Giles, and Mike Smith. "Field evaluation of transgenic pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) cv. ‘Smooth Cayenne’ for resistance to blackheart under subtropical conditions." Scientia Horticulturae 159 (July 2013): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.05.006.

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48

Pérez, P. G., M. P. G. García, L. M. Rebolledo, D. A. Uriza, A. A. C. Tinoco, and A. M. Rebolledo. "PLANTING DENSITIES AND PLASTIC MULCHING FOR "SMOOTH CAYENNE" PINEAPPLE GROWN IN AN AW2 CLIMATE FLUVISOL SOIL IN VERACRUZ, MEXICO." Acta Horticulturae, no. 666 (January 2005): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.666.30.

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49

Srivichien, Sasathorn. "Comparison of Nitrate Content in ‘Smooth Cayenne’ Pineapple Flesh Related to Its Different Cut Sections, Maturity and Crop Season." Journal of Advanced Agricultural Technologies 1, no. 1 (2014): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/joaat.1.1.65-68.

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50

Hong, H. T. K. "Respiratory properties and malate metabolism in Percoll-purified mitochondria isolated from pineapple, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. cv. smooth cayenne." Journal of Experimental Botany 55, no. 406 (September 10, 2004): 2201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh241.

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