Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SMRT'

The thesis focuses on a field of museum marketing, particularly on a marketing mix issue. The marketing mix is described on an example of an exhibition cycle named DEATH which took place in five object of the National museum during a period from 18 June 2014 until 31 March 2016. The DEATH was the last from a row of exhibition cycles which prevailed during the closing of the Historical building for the reason of its complex reconstruction. A descriptive analysis of the marketing mix of the DEATH exhibition cycle is conducted in the thesis. Application of marketing tools is subsequently evaluated through detailed analyses which will identify weaknesses. At the same time recommendations are developed to improve the National museums marketing mix and make it more efficient.

Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurological disorder primarily caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene. The majority of RTT mutations disrupt the interaction of MeCP2 with DNA or TBL1X/TBL1XR1, which forms the scaffold of NCoR/SMRT co-repressor complex. Patients with RTT show no signs of neuronal death, although they have abnormal neuronal morphology, indicating that it is a neurodevelopmental rather than a neurodegenerative disease. It has been shown that reactivation of silenced MeCP2 in mice rescues the RTT phenotype, which implies that the disease is treatable. The RTT mutations in MeCP2 cluster to two regions - the methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) and NCoR/SMRT Interaction Domain (NID). While the interaction between MBD and DNA has been biochemically and structurally characterised, there are no structural data about the interaction between MeCP2 NID and TBL1XR1. The aim of this work was to understand how mutations in the NID cause RTT by characterising the interaction between MeCP2 and TBL1XR1. I have solved the structure of MeCP2 NID bound to TBL1XR1 WD40 domain. I show that a small region of the MeCP2 NID makes extensive contacts with TBL1XR1, and that these contacts are mediated primarily by MeCP2 residues known to be mutated in RTT. I also measured the affinities between TBL1XR1 and MeCP2-derived peptides using fluorescence anisotropy and surface plasmon resonance assays. I determined the affinity between MeCP2 NID peptide and TBL1XR1 to be around 10- 20 μM, and show that mutations in either MeCP2 or TBL1XR1 can abolish this interaction. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the abolition of the interaction between MeCP2 NID and TBL1XR1 WD40 domain is sufficient to cause RTT. This knowledge can help with the rational design of small drug-like molecules that might be able to mediate the interaction between mutated MeCP2 and TBL1XR1, potentially helping to treat the disease.

NCoR and SMRT are corepressors that interact with the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in the absence of ligand to repress transcription. This interaction is allowed through the presence of small alpha-helical motifs found in corepressors that interact with residues lining the hydrophobic pocket of the RARs. Unlike RARalpha and RARgamma, RARbeta weakly interacts with NCoR and SMRT. Here we show that the determinants in RARalpha present in helix 1 (H1) (I188), H7 (A311), H9 (D346), and H10 (M377) are important for corepressor binding. Substitution of these amino acids with RARbeta corresponding residues decreased interaction with SMRT. Moreover, gain of function experiments showed that introduction of some of these determinants in RARbeta resulted in an improved ability to interact with SMRT. Furthermore, the hinge region of RARalpha is very important for the stability of the LBD and corepressor binding. In a mammalian two-hybrid assay, we show that in the presence of NCoR, RARbeta hinge region could not stabilize as much its LBD as RARalpha. However, RARalpha hinge efficiently stabilized the LBD of RARbeta in the presence of the corepressor. We also show that the RARbeta H12 inhibits interaction with corepressors. Deletion of H12 rescued these interactions both in solution and on DNA, and rendered RARbeta a potent repressor in vivo. These results suggest that RARbeta, although having a high degree of identity with RARalpha, has major conformational differences that affect its ability to interact with corepressors. All together, these modified receptors will be useful tools to identify determinants in RARs important for corepressor interaction and help elucidate the precise molecular mechanism by which RARbeta acts as a tumor suppressor.

2013/2014
L’obiettivo del presente progetto di dottorato consiste nello sviluppo di metodologie innovative per la gestione del Crostaceo Decapode Procambarus clarkii, il gambero rosso della Louisiana. La specie è considerata in gran parte del pianeta come aliena invasiva in quanto è in grado di diffondersi in habitat anche molto diversi da quello d’origine ed è diventata una minaccia per le specie di gamberi locali, con le quali entra in competizione, e provoca danni agli ecosistemi e all’economia. Le vie di introduzione sono gli allevamenti commerciali e la liberazione in natura da parte di acquariofili. La sua diffusione è facilitata dalla notevole capacità di spostamento: P. clarkii riesce a percorrere fino a 3 km in una notte fuori dall’acqua attraverso i campi. In Italia la colonizzazione è stata rapida a causa del degrado degli habitat per la forte antropizzazione e per l’assenza di predatori e di parassiti specifici. Le particolari caratteristiche ecologiche di P. clarkii gli permettono di vivere ovunque, è una specie essenzialmente a strategia r in grado di colonizzare ambienti instabili. Il gambero rosso raggiunge molto rapidamente la maturità sessuale ed è caratterizzato da una riproduzione annuale multipla (fino a 4 volte a seconda della temperatura dell’acqua). L’elevata resistenza agli stress ambientali consente alla specie di vivere in un ampio range di temperature, di sopportare basse concentrazioni di ossigeno, elevata salinità e anche la presenza di inquinanti. Ha abitudini alimentari generaliste, nutrendosi di macroinvertebrati, pesci, anfibi; inoltre ha un’intensa attività erbivora che causa una drastica riduzione della massa delle macrofite che determina un forte impatto sulla biodiversità degli ecosistemi. È inoltre portatore sano della peste del gambero, dovuta al fungo Aphanomyces astaci, letale per tutte le specie locali. Le tecniche che sono state messe a punto durante il dottorato di ricerca sono: 1. l'utilizzo di esche a feromoni per il trappolaggio specie-specifico; 2. la sterilizzazione degli individui, con esche contenenti l’ormone gonado inibitorio (GIH); 3. la tecnica del rilascio di maschi sterili (SMRT). La prima metodologia si basa sui feromoni, sostanze chimiche prodotte dalle ghiandole a rosetta associate alla vescica urinaria nei Decapodi. In P. clarkii i feromoni sono rilasciati dalle femmine sessualmente mature per attrarre i maschi ricettivi e sono liberati attraverso l’urina. È stata prodotta una libreria in phage-display, una collezione di piccole proteine che sono fuse alle proteine fagiche, partendo dai tessuti della zona del nefroporo, delle ghiandole a rosetta, e dal rene (ghiandola verde) di femmine in periodo riproduttivo. La libreria è stata poi selezionata su antennule di maschi sessulamente attivi, sede dei recettori per i feromoni, per isolare molecole ad attività feromonale. Le selezioni sono state testate con esperimenti comportamentali di attrattività e una è risultata attrattiva nei confronti di maschi di P. clarkii. Con questa selezione sono state allestite le esche, costituite da una piastra petri forata contenente una matrice di alginato che ingloba le molecole della selezione. La validazione del sistema è stata eseguita attraverso prove in campo, presso il canale del Brancoletto, dove sono state posizionate nasse vuote, nasse con la nostra esca e nasse con una scatoletta di cibo per gatti. Con le prove è stata confermata l'attività attrattiva e la specie specificità dell’esca prodotta che cattura quasi esclusivamente esemplari di P. clarkii al contrario delle esche trofiche. La seconda tecnica prevede l’utilizzo dell’ormone gonado inibitorio, che inibisce la vitellogenesi nelle femmine e lo sviluppo dei testicoli nei maschi. L’ormone è prodotto dal complesso organo X-ghiandola del seno all’interno dei peduncoli oculari. L’obiettivo è stato quello di individuare un sistema per veicolare, attraverso il cibo (oral delivery), il GIH in modo da sterilizzare gli animali direttamente in natura semplicemente con la distribuzione di esche ormonali. La validazione dell'efficacia dell'oral delivery è stata effettuata con insulina umana e con l’ormone iperglicemizzante dei Crostacei (cHH) attraverso l’utilizzo di capsule ovvero palline di alginato, in cui è stato inglobato l’ormone mescolato a mangime per renderlo appetibile. Il rilevamento di insulina umana nell'emolinfa degli animali trattati dopo alcune ore dalla somministrazione ha dimostrato l'efficacia di questa formulazione. Gli esperimenti seguenti con il cHH non hanno dato i risultati sperati ed è stato deciso di sperimentare una tecnica differente che si basa sulla produzione di capsule mediante una microemulsione in cui il cHH è incluso in microgocce d’olio, a loro volta incluse in una matrice di alginato e chitosano. Questo sistema ha permesso di rilevare una differenza altamente significativa tra la glicemia degli animali trattati rispetto a quella degli animali di controllo. Viene così dimostrato l'assorbimento di dosi bioattive di ormoni peptidici attraverso il canale digerente utilizzando questa formulazione. La terza metodologia consiste nella sterilizzazione dei maschi e nel loro successivo rilascio in natura in modo che possano competere per l’accoppiamento con i maschi non trattati. Questa tecnica è già stata utilizzata per il controllo degli Insetti invasivi e i nostri dati confermano la possibilità di usarla anche per i Crostacei Decapodi. Sono stati analizati i danni del tessuto testicolare a differenti dosaggi di irradiazioni ionizzanti. Le radiazioni provocano ai vari dosaggi consistenti danni agli stadi precoci della spermatogenesi come dimostrato dalle differenze significative nel diametro medio degli acini analizzati in sezioni semifini a 10 e 30 giorni dal trattamento. L’analisi ultratsrutturale ha confermato la presenza di danni cellulari, in tutto il lobo testicolare ai vari dosaggi. Le radiazioni inducono danni permanenti e impediscono un regolare sviluppo dei testicoli, dimostrando di essere una tecnica eccellente per la sterilizzazione dei maschi di P. clarkii. I nostri dati individuano la dose di 40 Gy come il migliore compromesso tra i danni causati ai testicoli e i danni all’animale, in quanto i maschi irradiati non subiscono alterazioni significative nel comportamento riproduttivo. Tutte le tecniche innovative sviluppate durante il dottorato di ricerca hanno dato risultati estremamente interessanti evidenziando numerosi vantaggi nel loro utilizzo rispetto alle tecniche tradizionali. L’utilizzo delle esche a feromoni garantisce un minimo impatto sulla flora/fauna locale, dovuto solo al posizionamento delle trappole, e una gestione semplificata del trappolaggio intensivo in quanto non è richiesta una cernita degli animali presenti nella nassa. Il metodo autocida con le esche ormonali, per la sterilizzazione degli animali in natura, presenta numerosi vantaggi: il rilascio delle esche prima della stagione riproduttiva non richiede personale specializzato; il GIH è specie-specifico e non dovrebbe agire sul metabolismo di specie non bersaglio e, sebbene l'assorbimento non ha un’efficienza elevata, bastano dosi circolanti minime dell'ormone per esplicare la sua attività biologica. Infine la tecnica SMRT, nonostante la notevole variabilità del livello di sterilizzazione degli animali ad un certo dosaggio, costituisce, ad oggi, il metodo di controllo della diffusione del gambero rosso meno impegnativa sia dal punto di vista economico che gestionale in quanto la sterilizzazione e il rilascio dei maschi trattati possono essere eseguiti, in un solo giorno, con cadenza annuale. Ulteriori approfondimenti sono necessari per valutare l’applicabilità di queste tecniche per il controllo di popolazioni naturali, ma esse costituiscono senza dubbio una svolta significativa nelle ricerche del settore in quanto potrebbero garantire un drastico abbassamento dei costi nella gestione integrata delle popolazioni di P. clarkii.
XXVII Ciclo
1983

The rapid advancement in sequencing chemistry, sequencing technologies, and bioinformatics has significantly increased the sequencing automation and lowered the cost. The applications of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies are expanding from research laboratories to diagnostic clinics on a regular basis. Moreover, diverse methods used in epigenetics, proteomics, structure probing of macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins) have been developed based on the HTS technology. This thesis describes the development of two novel techniques, high-throughput split-protein profiling (HiTS) and RNA solvent accessibility probing method (RL-Seq), broadening the applications of HTS technologies for probing protein/RNA structures and functions. Chapter 1 of the thesis provides an overview of the history of HTS technologies, available platforms, ongoing development in this field, and their diverse applications, particularly in the area of proteomics and RNA structure probing. In Chapter 2, we introduced the HiTS method that allowed fast identification of self- and assisted complementary positions of three antibiotic-resistant proteins (fosfomycin, fosA3; erythromycin, ermB; and chloramphenicol, catI resistant-proteins). The finding of suitable split sites in proteins is important because they are used as reporters in protein complementary assay (PCA) for studying protein-protein interactions in different organisms. However, only a small number of split-protein systems have been identified so far owing to manual, labourintensive optimization of the candidate genes. The proposed HiTS method employs transposon mutagenesis, conditional interaction of split fragments by rapamycin-regulated FRB-FKBP protein pairs, and deep sequencing for fast identification of self- and assisted complementary fragments, which are subsequently confirmed by low-throughput testing. In Chapter 3, we further applied the HiTS method on T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP), a bacteriophage RNA polymerase, considering its importance in synthetic biology in addition to the PCA. We found that the newly developed HiTS method could also be applicable to T7 RNAP for locating suitable split sites for self-complementing variants. Several selfcomplementing variants were found and one with a stronger signal than the wild type one. In Chapter 4, in preparation of applying HTS technology to probe RNA solvent accessibility, we reviewed the available experimental and computational techniques for RNA solvent accessibility studies and identified existing research gaps. Current experimental approaches for studying RNA solvent accessibility include hydroxyl radical probing (HRF-Seq), light activated structural examination of RNA (LASER), and its modified versions (LASER-Seq, LASER-Map, and icLASER). The reactivity readouts of these methods are based on either the reverse transcriptase stop (RT-stop) at cleavage points or mutational profiling at adduct formation sites. These approaches rely on reverse transcriptase enzymes and random primers, which suffer from non-specific drop-off to create short truncated sequences, which successively lead to false-positive signals at probe-reactive sites. In Chapter 5, we proposed the RL-Seq (RtcB Ligation-Seq) method to overcome the abovementioned limitations of the existing approaches. The method is illustrated by measuring the solvent accessibility of Escherichia coli complete ribosomal complexes at the single-nucleotide resolution. In this method, unique properties of RtcB ligase were used to identify the probing sites by ligating a pre-defined 5′-OH end containing linker with the hydroxyl radicals cleavage generated 3′-P ends. The application of this method to ribosomal RNAs (23S, 16S, and 5S rRNAs) confirmed its ability to estimate solvent accessibility with high sensitivity (required low sequencing depth) and accuracy (strong correlation to structure-derived values). In addition, the pre-defined linker employed in this method allowed using of a fixed primer in reverse transcription reaction and significantly minimized the biases during subsequent PCR amplification. In Chapter 6, we discussed the future prospects of these HTS technology-based methods developed in this thesis.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Institute for Glycomics
Full Text

The first part deals about death at the end of 16 th and beginning of 17 th century. For orientation in Baroque color the work includes part pertaining to burials, which were indispensable social rituals of that era. The mention is about plague, that killed both, Catholics, non-Catholics and unbelievers. Part two points out to the era invention of book printing. In short deals about works, based on the idea of death. The sermon was dedicated mainly to husband of deceased. So it is briefly discussed the person of one of the representatives of the Waldstein family, Jiří. The main part is a sermon, which was published in printed form and was accompanied with two articles, namely Artyculy. A message to all believers, that soul of believers asscents to heaven. Annendung from "a printer's pen" concludes whole little file of Matěj Klesel, pastor of Hostinné. Burial sermons of of Early modern age contained large ammont of quations from Old and New Testament, quatations of the Church Fathers and other popular autthors of that era. There are included directly to original text. They motify readers, how to behave in life to reach redumption and offer the help for after live Part of my work is a basic statement about the text, after which followes text analysis and summary. The aim of this work is to make the...

This diploma thesis looks into the issues of death and dying. Based on a chosen work of fiction, it endeavours to remit the topic of fear of dying and concerns on the possibilities of how to deal with it from points of view of a dying person as well as that of an accompanying one. By using and connecting approaches used in sociology of literature and social work, it aims to appraise the benefit of reading fiction on the given topic for social workers in their professional as well as personal life. The work of fiction therefore serves as an alternative receptive material. By its interpretation, a social worker or layman can gain a more profound knowledge of current social issues, which the last matters of a human unquestionably belong to.

The topic of this thesis is a relation between two constitutive aspects of out existence: death and intersubjectivity. The way how to research these issues is an interpretation of main concepts and notions contained in these texts. On the basis of the comparison of these concepts, notions and whole philosophical stands offers this thesis a perspective of comprehension to the topic of death and intersubjectivity.

Sudden death in sport is a tragic event mediated primarily through the media. This thesis deals with sudden cardiac death from non-traumatic causes. The first section provides the overview of the issue, I mentioned specific cases of sudden death and the most common cause of sudden cardiac death among young and old athletes. The thesis focuses on the possibilities of preventive measures. In the second part, as part of my research, preparedness of Czech stadiums is evaluated situations of sudden cardiac death. In the conclusion section, I present the results of a questionnaire survey among representatives of clubs and stadiums and change proposals. The aim of the research is to find out how hockey and football stadiums are prepared for unpredictable situations of sudden cardiac death of athletes. Keywords: Sudden death, sport, sports stadiums, circulation disorder, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, AED, resuscitation, EKG, prevention

The Puritan attitude toward death in seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century New England was ambivalent and contained both terror at the possibility of eternal damnation and hope for deliverance. The joyful theme of the migratio ad Dominum resonated with the Saints only at times when they were convinced divine grace was actively working in their lives, but when they saw they were backsliding, the horror of death prevailed. Puritan anxiety about death was caused by tensions inherent in the doctrine of predestination, which implied man's dependence on God's inscrutability, and in the doctrine of assurance, which implied that self-doubt was more desirable than full assurance of salvation. What complicated any verification of the presence of grace was man's endless potential for self-deception. Memento mori gave urgency to the Puritan work ethic and the effective use of time. The anxiety about one's destiny began in early childhood when death and its ensuing horrors for the depraved were used as a means of religious instruction to provoke spiritual precocity and conversion. This early immersion into the discourse about death has been erroneously interpreted as a proof of the non-existence of childhood in Puritan New England. Deathbed scenes depicted in Puritan spiritual biographies were designed as examples...

Název: Člověk, duše a smrt The human, the psyche and the death Cíle práce: Cílem diplomové práce bylo předložit ucelený pohled na problematiku osobnosti člověka, smrti a s ní souvisejících témat. Snahou bylo předložit názory jednotlivých filozofů, odborníků a náboženství na člověka jako jedinečnou bytost. Práce se zaměřuje především na období stáří, které se nejvíce dotýká problematiky smrti. Druhým cílem této práce je porovnat vnímání vlastního stáří u seniorů, kteří již nejsou schopni samostatného života bez pomoci ostatních, lidí, kteří žijí společně v domově, který jim nabízí možnost aktivního života, vnímání stáří také jako pozitivní části života a možnost rozvoje v každém věku i v nemoci. Součástí této práce je také názor na život, stáří a smrt velké herecké osobnosti, paní Květy Fialové, která je nádherným příkladem člověka, který přijímá kterýkoli věk jako dar a obohacení a snaží se v něm nalézt krásu a radost. Metoda: Průzkum byl proveden ve 3 domovech důchodců v Praze v celkovém objemu 102 dotázaných respondentů. Průzkum byl proveden konkrétně v těchto zařízeních: Domov důchodců Praha 1O, Sněženková 8/2973, Zahradní město Domov důchodců Praha 10, Rektorská 577, Malešice Domov důchodců Praha 4, Donovalská 2222, Chodov Výběr těchto zařízení byl proveden podle počtu klientů v jednotlivých...

Název práce: Smrt jako fenomén života Death as a Phenomenon of Live Cíl práce: Tato práce popisuje smrt jako přirozenou součást života, její podoby a naši schopnost či neschopnost smrt přijmout a pochopit nebo se s ní smířit. Prostřednictvím zážitkft lidí, kteří smrt intenzivně prožívají v dftsledku ztráty nebo vidiny ztráty blízkého člověka, zkoumám a zachycuji pocity, které smrt vyvolává. Formou studia faktO a především výzkumem mezi lidmi mapuji povědomí lidí rOzných věkových skupin o smrti, vlastní smrtelnosti a souvisejících rituálech. Metody: Hlavním nástrojem získávání informací byli řízené rozhovory s lidmi, které jsem si vytipovala a rozdělila podle věku do pěti skupin. Na rozdílech v odpovědích chci ukázat vývoj představ smrti v jednotlivých fázích života. Výsledky: Předkládám práci, v jejíž piVní části pomocí sugestivních příběhO lidí, se kterými jsem se setkala, popisuji podoby smrti a zpOsoby, jakými se ztrátou bojují pozOstalí. V druhé části pak odpověďmi na dotazy pokládané formou ankety specifikuji chápání smrti a věcí souvisejících pěti rOznými věkovými kategoriemi, přičemž každou ze zmíněných oblastí i teoreticky popisuji. Klíčová slova: umírání, smrt, smrtelnost, paliativní péče, hospic, eutanázie, nehoda, ztráta, emoce, smíření, rituál 5

This work deals with the phenomenon of the death of God and with possible approaches how this issue was treated at ancient communities, in Judaism, Christianity and philosophy. Result of the work doesn't tell if God is dead or not, just gives brief description of this phenomenon in the history and context. The work aims to provide entrance to the problematic, to give inputs to think and let the reader to feel the problem, which is current just for the period of postCmodernism. This work enables reader to take a certain point of view about the matter. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Thesis deals with death and dying on intensive care wards from the perspective of nurses. In the theoretical part are concepts such as death, dying, Thanatology etc. explained. The work also highlights the status of nurses in palliative care. In the last chapter of the theoretical part is briefly described the type of workplace of ICU, care of patient in this ward and patients needs . Empirical part of this work is focused on finding out problems and feelings eventually knowledge of nurses working on the ICU for the care of dying and dead. To obtain data for research part was chosen quantitative research, data collection techniques structured questionnaire. There were chosen 4 goals of this thesis. Objective 1: Identify the most common feelings of nurses working on the ICU during the care of dying and death. The second goal: Identify what is most frustrating for nurses during the care of dying and death on the ICU. The goal 3: Investigate hierarchy of dying patients needs from the perspective of nurses working on the ICU. Goal 4: Identify interest of nurses working on the ICU in further education in the sphere of care of the dying and the provision of palliative care at the ICU.

Námět smrti může někomu připadat morbidní a zbytečné, rozebírat smrt ze všech možných úhlů a do detailů, ale těžko může popřít, že právě smrt a umírání je jedním ze stěžejních témat lidského života. Vždyť právě vědomí smrtelnosti a schopnost nahlížet na vlastní pomíjivost je jednou z charakteristik lidské bytosti. Neodvratnost konce dělá člověka tím, čím je - křehkým a zranitelným stvořením, které však dokáže žít a tvořit navzdory svým omezením. Při kompilaci textu předkládané práce jsme se potýkali především s koncepčními problémy a se souvisejícími problémy metodologickými, neboť téma smrti je v odborné literatuře nahlíženo spíše partikulárně, z pohledu jednotlivých vědních oborů. Podíváme-li se na literaturu o smrti, převažují spíše umělecká zpracování v krásné literatuře než vědecké práce. Možná je to tím, že smrt je téma spíše emotivní, prožívané, než promýšlené. Snad jen umění dokáže postihnout její mnohoznačnost a tajemství, které není racionálně přístupné. My se přesto pokusíme postihnout smrt nejen jako psychologický, nebo metafyzický fenomén, ale především jako fenomén kulturní a společenský. A proč antická řecká kultura? Evropská (potažmo euroamerická) kultura stojí na základech, které vybudovaly staří Řekové. Starověkému Řecku je tradičně připisováno "racionální" pojetí člověka se všemi...

The topic of this thesis is virtual death in video games. In theoretical part, the concept of avatar (player's agent in the game world) is defined, concerning the relationship between player and avatar as well as the main characteristics of the avatar. The aim of the theoretical core of this thesis is to introduce virtual death; because of various expressions of death in many games, it is difficult to describe virtual death generally. Virtual death, which is compared also to the real death, is revealed as a communication of player's failure. What can not be separated from virtual death is the instant resurrection of the avatar, and also the means how to avoid virtual death. The practical part of the thesis offers a close reading of the computer role-playing game Planescape: Torment, focusing on the theme of death. Unlike most mainstream games, Torment presents the player with sophisticated perspectives on the matters of life, death, immortality and responsibility. Even the high-order goal of the main character (which becomes the goal of the player as well) is to gain knowledge about himself and then willingly die. This stands in a sharp contrast to usual narratives, forcing the player to suppress the life-saving reflex and let his avatar die in the end. The comparative method is used to identify...

The dissertation submitted is dealing with subjects of the death of a close person and spirituality, especially personal concept of spirituality. Death of a close person is a crucial turning point in the life of any human. The turning point affecting the next life in all aspects of the human life, in all its directions - biological-, psychological-, and sociological-spiritual. The complete care about a human being is more and more applied in the context of health or disciplines working with relations or connections; it is thus relevant to be aware of this multidisciplinary fact.

MA thesis Danube: Journey, Memory, City and Death is, to a certain extent, a personal search for today's meaning of the river Danube in literature and culture. Practically, it contains texts from the antiquity until today, not chronologically, but in motivic spirals of journey, memory, city and death. It is geographically linked especially to German-Austrian, Slovak and Hungarian space. The chapters are buoy-like, because together they form the characteristics of Danubian culture, which are border, appropriation, palimpsest quality, and pleasure seeking. The chapter about journey deals predominantly with searching for Danube's identity and the character of traveler. The chapter about memory analyses chosen places of memory and certain historical figures. The third chapter, dedicated to Danubian metropoli (Vienna, Bratislava and Budapest), searches for common traits of their soul, which are realized through the concepts of border, pleasure and bridge. The last chapter about death in Danube deals with both images of death and river beings - fairies and nymphs. The whole text represents certain literary-cultural anthropology of Danube.

This thesis aims to trace the thematisation of death and dying in Sociology, which in the 1990' evolves into constituion of independent sociological subdiscipline: "sociology of dying and death". The main intention then is to go beyond the commonly held beliefthat the death is still a taboo. The Thesis consists of four thematic parts: first part summarizes the occurence of problems of dying and death in sociology, reflecting recent developments not only in social sciences, but also in the society as such. Theretofore the death is interpreted by religion but has been medicalized so that nowadays medicine represents the determinative paradigm of death. This development is in accordance with the most important framework in the intensely individualized society centered around the notion of "self', closely connected with the concept of body and embodiment. Second part represents - on the background of medicine - three stages of death, where each of them allows to develop its own sociological reflection. Third part is concerned with the revival concept of death in the work of British sociologist Tony Walter. On the basis of the comparison of traditional, modern and neo-modern model of death we comment on social phenomena associated with other relevant conceptions. Fourth part is focused on the problems os...

Death, Murder, Manslaughte As a Medial Topic The subject of this diploma thesis is the analysis of the texts which concern violent death. Printed media articles and articles from news portals on the internet are being analysed. The work focuses on the manner death is presented and how the picture of the dead and of the manslayer is created. How the words "murder" and "manslaughter" alternate in various cases, their euphemisms and their relationship to reality is being researched. The method of stylistic and content analysis are being used.

This dissertation concentrates on several special aspects of the dramatic works of Federico García Lorca. There are four dominant themes: the aggression, the death, the masculine and feminine element and the. The "material" is made up by following dramas: Bodas de sangre, Mariana Pineda, Doa Rosita la soltera, Yerma, La casa de Bernarda Alba, Amor de don Perlimplín con Belisa en su jardín, La zapatera prodigiosa. The results of the own investigation is preceded by the chapter which recapitulates the conclusions of the exploration of the themes up to the present day. This accesses are comentated: psychoanalytic method, fenomenologic and and hermeneutic method, sociocultural and anthropological method, autobiographic and hermeneutic method, folkloric and symbolic method. The first chapter which deals with the aggression in Lorca's dramatic works focuses on the malign aggression and presents the symbols and metaphors associated with the malign aggression. It comments the aggressivity and the immanency and the potenciality of the aggression. The second chapter investigates the representation of the death inklusive the symbols, images and presages of the death. A particular attention is dedicated to the types of the death, to the fatality and the parsonification of the death. The third chapter concentrated on...

V této práci se chci pokusit v krátkost i shrnout téma smrti a rituálů s ní spojených v jejich vybraných aspektech. O smrt se zajímá snad každý člověk, ať otevřeně či skrytě a vždy je jeho vztahování se k ní prodchnuto emocemi. Mým cílem bude snaha zachyt it některé z těchto emocí, jejichž vyjádření se vtěli lo do rituálního jednání, a to v reflexi dějin kultur a náboženství na území dnešního Česka. Při sestavování témat bylo třeba brát ohled na jejich velkou ší ři a proto nebudou zmíněny aspekty všech období naší minulosti.

The aim of the submitted thesis is a comparison of symbolism of a double in Georges Rodenbach's Bruges-la-Morte and Romány tří mágů of Jiří Karásek ze Lvovic. We will focus maily on death as a key motif of literature at the fin de siècle and a motif that is, in works we are examining, closely linked with the existence of a double. We will inspect motif of a double in the context of psychological states of mind. The choice of compared texts was motivated by the process of self disintegration. The process of self disintegration is closely connected with the process of depersonalisation which appears when a subject makes contact with a soulful space or a object. Cities (Bruges, Venice, Prague) which are the scene of this self disintegration take a special place in the literature of symbolism as a urban space of art and death at once. Despite mutual relation of life and art, the strange tension, and the phenomenon of annihilation, is still present within this relation.

When they saw the sea horizon Messinští mast Genoese galleys, which came from the business offices in the Crimea, certainly had no idea that they proclaim the most shattering pandemic in the history of the continent, black Pandemic of death. The disease, which affected all corners of Europe, which itself has disappeared After four centuries as mysteriously as she appeared, and todaymany question marks hanging. The more we know about the Black Death, the less traditional truthsremain in the light of new evidence unshaken. Never in the history of Europe has not been witnessed such a drastic event. never was not affected by the pandemic of this magnitude. Within a few years and died half of Europe's population. Significantly changing the structure ofthe population in the rural and in cities. But what struck even more than the mass of the populationand what pomření caused a profound change in collective behavior and mentality ofsociety, was the fact that the epidemic erupted with varying intensity at regularintervals various parts of Europe and the plague and death became part ofeveryday life. For many past efforts have been devoted to the issue of the Black Death. The aim of this research is a compilation of available sources with a focus on new knowledge of the etiology, course medieval pandemic in the Czech...

This theses deals with death from the perspective of the mystery of the revelation of Jesus Christ, it describes and puts it into the context of theological anthropology. It analysis death from the point of view of the Old and New testament and defines the basic terms in relation to eschatology. It shows the consequences for the practice of care of dying persons, which in fullness develops the relationship between man and God. The theme of the thesis is being elaborated upon from the perspective of a believer in eternal life given to us through the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Sky burial is a common funeral practice in Tibet. A human corpse is cut into small pieces and placed on a mountaintop (called durtro), exposing it to the elements and animals - especially to birds of prey. In Tibetan the practice is known as jhator (Tibetan bya gtor), which literally means "giving alms to the gods". As the name implies, jhator is considered an act of generosity: the deceased and his/her surviving relatives are providing food to sustain living beings. Because the majority of Tibetans adhere to Buddhism, which teaches reincarnation, generosity and compassion for all beings are important virtues or paramita in Buddhism. So the function of the sky burial is simply the disposal of the remains. In much of Tibet the ground is too hard and rocky to dig a grave, and with fuel and timber scarce, a sky burial is often more practical than cremation. This graduation theses enlarge about this ritual in all his connotation, i.e. historical, religious, culturology and philosophical meanings. It also enlighten about Tibetan approach to the death and funeral services in Tibet. The primal problem is the phenomena of sky burial and it's course, sense and other overlaps (like astrology, medicine, ethics, enviromentalism, iconography and so on).

This thesis deals with the view of death in current society in ČR. The first part of the thesis defines the concept of death which touches our lives. It examines death from the point of view of sociology, psychology and theology. The second part is dedicated to meeting children with death in their life and is focused on possibilities to meet with the topic of death in school education. The third part follows up with rituals which help us to go through certain situations together. The final fourth part shows us results of quantitative research in the understanding of death in children of younger school age.

The thesis aims with discourse rules of dying of a close person. Author works with other theories, especially with Gorer's pornography of death and also comparisons of current situation and history of Ariés and Elias, who considered the current representations of death to be more a taboo than in the past. The practical base of the text is a research combining both in-depth interviews with young people and interpretations of closed groups, such as support group and internet discussion. The analysis identified two approaches in young people's families, focusing either on practical aspects of dying of a relative or on emotional aspects. These two approaches were in opposition against each other especially while both being present in a single family. Also, several conditions changing discourse rules were identified. The death of a young person or by suicide were more tabuized than death of an elder person. Generally, the research shows that people's view on death is not constructed by media as Gorer proposed, since young adult people have their own experience from their families. In this text, death is considered to be a taboo of the society because of strict boundaries of what is appropriate and inaproppriate. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The thesis deals the question of the last things of man, so the theme of the death, dying and imagines about the world and the other world, especially in the first and the second third of the 18th century in the South Bohemian town of Písek. The themes of the last things of man are studied on the example of two possible contemporary discourses, namely the semipopular and popular discours. The contemporary popular discours was constructed by the analysis of testaments of town people of Písek from the thirties of the 18th century, as the resources of the semipopular discours books ars moriendi and hymn-books were used. The world and the other world diffused especially in the time of the funeral; the almighty God was usually coming into the world through the death and the ritual of the funeral and manifested his fairness and grace. In the view of the popular discours the reality of baroque world was still confirmed and accepted by the funeral ceremonies again.

Iron is an essential trace element for almost all living organisms. Iron overload in cells and tissues, however, leads to their disruption. Most oftenly damaged are parenchymatic organs such as the liver, pancreas and heart. The aim of this thesis was to create cellular in vitro models for the investigation of effects of excess iron on hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells and on these models to investigate cellular processes which lead to cellular damage during iron overload. We focused on examining the presence of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of apoptotic cell death. For our experiments, we used HEP-G2 cell line which represents human hepatocytes and NES2Y cell line which represents human pancreatic beta cells. To study the mechanisms of cellular damage during iron overload, we used two approaches by which we observed both acute and long-term effects of high levels of iron on damage of the tested cell lines. When studying the acute effect of excess iron on the cells, we applied high doses of iron (using 15 mM ferric citrate in medium) that led to the activation of cell death in hours. Long-term effects of iron overload were tested on cells regularly cultivated in the presence of 50 μM and 100 μM ferric citrate over a period of several months. Iron concentrations...

The theses deal with the last period of the person´s life and the possibilities of the care focused on the spiritual, psychic, physical and social aspect of the issue. It offers possibilities of ethical way how to cope with this life´s stage having the help of social workers, family and also the dying person. The practical part compares opinions of the hospice workers with the views of the workers from old people´s homes with respect to this issue. It also points at the demnad of the work and some of its difficulties.

Treatment of tumors by protocols based on combination of surgery, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy resulted in the improved prognosis of many human cancers. Despite the continuous introduction of new drugs and further improvements of chemotherapy protocols, it's likely that at some point chemotherapy will reach its limits and clinical efficacy will plateau. Immunotherapy has emerged as another treatment modality with the potential to contribute to further improvements in the survival. The products of advanced cellular terapies must be generated using GMP-approved reagents and number of studies have addressed the need to generate large numbers of DCs for clinical trials according to regulatory authorities and to current legislation. The rising knowledge about dendritic cells (DCs) in the immune response against tumors and the ability to prepaire DCs in vitro leaded to the establishment of immunotherapy protocols. Breakthrough studies that identified markers of immunogenic tumor cell death after chemotherapy treatment challenge the long-time perception of chemotherapy and immunotherapy as opposing and incompatible treatment modalities. My PhD thesis is a contributiont to this topic. In the first paper we identified monocyte-derived DCs that were generated in CellGro and activated using PolyI:C as the...

The diploma thesis Death in Children's Literature - The Matter of Space compares the work of Astrid Lindgren and Iva Procházková. In the theoretical part the author explains the place of both writers within the literature for children and deals with reviews of both books. Next part is focused on fantastic features in literature and on the matter of space. Possible existing sources of further study are mentioned here. Theoretical knowledge is applied in the following part dealing with analysis o f both books that is aimed at picturing the "real" and fantastic world and the transfer between them. The last part is a comparison of the authors' approach to death in children's literature concerning the matter of space. Possible causes of differences are mentioned here.

The relation between spiritual life of the man and his attitude towards the questions relating to the end of life, especially dying, death and euthanasia is the body issue of this thesis. In the first place there are two topics separately described: the theme of dying and death and the theme of spirituality of the man. The main part of this thesis is a chapter dealing with the correlation of both theses issues, namely with the particular view to Christianity. At the end there are decribed the matters of euthanasia and the palliative care.

Diploma thesis " Karel Laznovsky's Death as the Beginning of Revision of the Protectorate Journalist's Role" deals with a group of protectorate journalists who collaborated with German occupying forces. It is focused on the death of one of the most significant activist journalist Karel Laznovsky, who died after the official audience with premier Alois Elias in October 1941. For a few days this case became a central subject matter of all protectorate newspapers. The German activism was present in their pages dramatically and the print propaganda was intensified a lot. The press identified the person of Karel Laznovsky as an exemplary journalist and therefore he became some sort of icon of journalistic activism. The thesis analyses articles that were published after the death of this collaborator and its ambition is to give a general definition of activist journalist in accordance with how he was described in legal protectorate press in those days. Thus it could contribute to better understanding of how the action of pro-German journalists was presented in legal newspapers, in what ways it was justified and how the journalistic profession was appreciated in general.

The diploma thesis "Death in media discourse: the case of the missing Malaysia Airlines plane" inquires into the case of the disappeared flight MH370 from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. The flight has been mapped in Czech press as well as online newspapers from the perspective of death based on a subjectively composed qualitative method of grounded theory and discourse analysis. In the unprecedented tragical event, death is being constructed in a specific way in the context of media discourse. Hence, the allegoric character of epistemology and constructivist paradigm plays an important role here. The theoretic reflection describes the context of the relation between media and the topic of death. The abundance of topics in media associated with death is considered a symptom of a particular demand from society. The media increase the general tolerance towards images of death and violence, thus impacting character of such displays. In the reflection of the mental background, the character of perceiving death in a secularised society is denoted as metaphorical. In the research part of the thesis, discursive patterns are introduced. From them, we may understand what values associated with death are socially important and in what way does death appear and construct itself in the media. What is important here...

Given the unprecedented medical progress combined with longer life expectancies, the right to die has become one of the main contemporary social issues. The objective of the thesis titled "The Right to Die in Light of European System of Protection of Human Rights" is to present conclusions in following matters: inclusion of the right to die in European human rights system and addressing the right to die before the European Court on Human Rights. Though the right to die can take on many forms, two basic categories of such are euthanasia and assisted suicide on one hand and withdrawal of treatment on the other. First of all, the thesis is concerned with characteristics of individual forms of the right to die. It focuses primarily on the difference between those two categories i.e. the intention of the action, for such distinction forms the basis of the European system of protection of the right to die as well as ECHR case-law. The right to die is provided for by the European human rights system to some extent. The thesis therefore focuses on the most important European acts pertinent to this area. Neither European Convention on Human Rights nor Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine establishes the right to die explicitly, yet several forms can be derived by interpreting them. Conversely, the...

This thesis deals with the phenomenon of death and dying. The paper tries to compare the obtained findings from research conducted in their own home for elderly Welfare Centre Netolice and social assistance Vodnany and results from the literature. The aim of the study was to determine how workers home for the elderly perceive death and dying.

The aim of this thesis is to present some possible concepts of death of individual in the stage of late adolescence. The basis of this work lies on qualitative and ethnographic research, which was made with students of VŠCHT at the age of 20-30 years. This text is devoted to images of death of these students. This thesis is composed of three main chapters: theoretical, methodological, practical. The goal of the theoretical part is to provide basic information on this subject and clarify the terms associated with death. The theoretical part deals with such issues as cultural background of death and fear of death. The methodological part is concerned with the characteristics of the research and the research sample. Among others I present here the used methods and clarify the goals of the research. Finally, in the practical chapter there are described possible concepts of death which came of the analysis of gained data. Description and analysis of these concepts are supplemented by quotations from interviews. In this part I introduce five concepts of death. Two of them I identified as a clean-cut, three of them as a transitional. Death is an area to which none of us has direct experience, therefore I consider interesting to deal with this topic. As the main contribution of this work I see the mapping...

This thesis focuses on the central concept, which is civic participation. Problematic base is significant deficit of the czech democratic systém in relation to civic participation. This is reflected on practise through separation and undeveloped communication with citizens. Thesis strives to describe some of the causes of this. Term of civic participation is thinked of in relation to democracy, but also in the context of public policy and ethics. Thesis strives to capture the irreplaceable importance of civicparticipation in relation to development and stability of democratic mechanisms. Thesis is also focusing on its important function of checking the execution of public authority. Therefore, there are also analyzed different control tools (participatory control tools) which enable citizens to effective public control. The thesis points out the lack of ethical debate throughout the company, which has negativ impact not only for civic participation, but also for the quality of public policy and democracy as a whole. Explanation of mutually conditional relationship between civic participation, ethic and public policy and their benefits for democracy, is an important part of the thesis. The conclusion of thesis analyses two selected case studies through which approximates the reality of control by citizens...

6 ABSTRACT This thesis aims to provide information about the p rinciples of the care for the seriously ill, the dying, and the berieved in the context of the R oman-Catholic Church's pastoral activies. The theoretical section deals with the death from t he Bible's perspective, then with the death as well as the care for the berieved from the pasto ral point of view, and finally with the most suitable approach towards the individuals. In the p ractical part of the thesis, I assess the questionnaire that explores priests' and candidates ' for priesthood attitudes towards the matter of death and dying. The method is the literature an d primary sources analysis and questionnaires, which were used in my own research while collecting concrete experience Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The Thesis Illnesses, Death and Funeral Ceremonies in Living Strategies of the Schwarzenbergs (1732?1914) deals with the topics of last illnesses, death, funeral ceremonies and shape of burial places in living strategies of the high aristocracy in a long period of time between the Baroque age and the beginning of the 20th century. The Schwarzenberg family had been chosen as a case study. The initial part of the dissertation focuses on the period intellectual discussion about death and dying with particular stress on the history of medicine. Since the 1740s the human dying had been still more medicalised. The implementation of some funeral reforms from the late 18th century into practice was one of some concrete results of medicalising death. The reforms had a significant impact on changing the attitudes towards dying and dead body and influenced the shape of funeral ceremonies and burial places. Consequently the author of this Ph.D. Thesis compared the period funeral norms with the Schwarzenbergs? experience with death. Having studied written estates of the both family branches, the Thesis tries to reconstruct the shape of dying, death and funerals by the high aristocracy and using the Schwarzenberg transitional ritual of death as an example observes changes or stagnation of collective mentality and life style within the noble society. The last moments by the deathbed in the civil age belonged still more to close relatives, while the display of the body, the requiem mass and mainly the mourning conduct became the opportunity to demonstrate values of the kin and narrate the family history.

Diploma thesis "I become speech." Death and Return of the Author in the Perspective of Philosophy of Identity focuses on the question of inclusion of the author into the interpretation of literary text and aims to highlight the fruitfulness of such inclusion as well as some of its dangers. The thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part the author of the thesis presents a polemic account of some antiauthorial approaches, especially the "death of the author" as appearing in the texts of R. Barthes, M. Foucault and Jacques Derrida, along with a short mention of antiintentionalism of W. K Wimsatt and M. C. Beardsley and a theory of the model author by U. Eco. The common feature of the aforementioned antiauthorial theories is a reductive idea of the author and his relation to text - the problematic aspects of authorial interpretation, which their texts wish to make evident, is then only a consequence of the problematic underlying notion of the author-subject. The second part of the thesis intends to present an alternative theoretical understanding of the "real author" using the philosophy of identity od J. Butler and P. Bourdieu. These authors are proposing a theory of a person who is not understood as a "real thing" that would be available for a complete delimitation, description and...

Immunogenic cancer cell death triggered by free and polymer-bound doxorubicin Water-soluble polymeric drug carriers based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) have been developed to avoid undesirable side-effects of systemically active cytostatic drugs. Conjugates based on HPMA copolymer passively accumulate in tumor tissue of solid tumors due to the effect of enhanced vascular permeability and retention effect (EPR effect). Active accumulation can be achieved by binding of targeting structure recognising tumor-specific receptors to the polymeric carrier. Conjugation of free doxorubicin to HPMA polymeric carrier significantly reduces its nonspecific side effects in vivo by maintaining effective antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Besides direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, HPMA conjugates with bound doxorubicin possess immunostimulatory properties and induce long-lasting anti-tumor immunity in cured mice. Recent studies have shown that free doxorubicin induce immunogenic apoptosis in tumor cells. Those cells are dying by cell death which possesses characteristic markers of apoptosis but these cells are able to activate the immune system and thus induce effective anti-tumor immune response. This phenomenon has been described as crucial for a development of treatment-induced...