Relevant bibliographies by topics / Snail intermediate host

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Snail intermediate host'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Snail intermediate host"

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Eliuk, L. K., S. Brown, R. C. Wyeth, and J. T. Detwiler. "Parasite-modified behaviour in non-trophic transmission: trematode parasitism increases the attraction between snail intermediate hosts." Canadian Journal of Zoology 98, no. 7 (July 2020): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2019-0251.

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Many parasites with complex life cycles cause host behavioural changes that increase the likelihood of transmission to the next host. Parasite modification is often found in trophic transmission, but its influence on non-trophic transmission is unclear. In trematodes, transmission from the first to second intermediate host is non-trophic, suggesting that free-swimming larvae (cercariae) emerging in closer proximity to the next host would have higher transmission success. We performed a series of behavioural experiments with echinostome trematodes and their snail hosts to determine if potential second hosts (ramshorn snail, genus Planorbella Haldeman, 1842) were more attracted to parasitized first hosts (marsh pondsnail, Lymnaea elodes Say, 1821). In a Y maze, a responding snail (Planorbella sp.) was placed in the base and its response to five treatments was assessed: no stimulus, turion duckweed (Lemna turionifera Landolt; a food item), non-parasitized L. elodes, parasitized L. elodes, and finally parasitized versus non-parasitized L. elodes. Snails showed some attraction to uninfected snails, but had a stronger response to infected first host snails. These results indicate that potential second host snails were more attracted to parasitized, heterospecific first host snails over non-parasitized heterospecific snails. This study demonstrates that echinostome trematodes alter snail behaviour by changing navigational choices in uninfected potential hosts through a chemical communication mechanism.
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Skorping, Arne. "Parasite–induced reduction in host survival and fecundity: the effect of the nematode Elaphostrongylus rangiferi on the snail intermediate host." Parasitology 91, no. 3 (December 1985): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200006279x.

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SUMMARYThe effect of the protostrongylid nematode, Elaphostrongylus rangiferi, on the fecundity and survival of an intermediate snail host, Arianta arbustorum, was studied. Over an experimental period of 12 weeks, infected snails had a significantly lower egg production than uninfected control snails. No significant difference in survival was found between infected and uninfected adult snails. Infected juvenile snails showed a consistent decrease in survival with increasing mean density of parasites. A linear relationship was found between snail instantaneous death rate over a 28–day interval and the mean number of parasites/snail. When calculated for 4–day intervals, the instantaneous death rate was highest between 8 and 12 days post–infection. It is concluded that the most pathogenic phase of this parasite is during the first moult.
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McCarthy, A. M. "The influence of second intermediate host dispersion pattern upon the transmission of cercariae of Echinoparyphium recurvatum (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)." Parasitology 101, no. 1 (August 1990): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000079737.

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SUMMARYTransmission of cercariae of the echinostome digenean Echinoparyphium recurvatum was observed in experimental populations of the second intermediate host snail Lymnaea peregra. Populations of 100 snails were distributed among plastic mesh cages in an infection arena to produce different patterns of host dispersion. Cercarial transmission was investigated in host populations showing three separate patterns of host dispersion; Ideal Regular, Random and Contagious (‘Clumped’). Levels of cercarial transmission in populations showing each type of dispersion pattern were found to be significantly different. The highest rate of cercarial transmission occurred in the contagiously dispersed host population, and the lowest in the randomly dispersed population. Analysis of results from the randomly dispersed population also showed that both the mean percentage prevalence of infection, and also the mean number of cysts recovered per snail, increased significantly with the number of snails per cage. The positive relationship between the mean number of cysts per snail and the number of snails per cage was found to be best described by an exponential function. Chemosensory location of L. peregra snail hosts by E. recurvatum cercariae may provide an explanation for the patterns of cercarial transmission observed.
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Rondelaud, D., A. Novobilský, J. Höglund, M. Kašný, J. Pankrác, P. Vignoles, and G. Dreyfuss. "Growth rate of the intermediate snail host Galba truncatula influences redial development of the trematode Fascioloides magna." Journal of Helminthology 88, no. 4 (May 28, 2013): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x13000370.

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AbstractA total of 850 pre-adult Galba truncatula (shell height, 4 mm), originating from four French snail populations differing in shell height at the adult stage (from 6.5 to 12 mm), were individually subjected at 20°C to single-miracidium infections with Fascioloides magna. At day 75 post-exposure, the surviving snails were dissected, and rediae and cercariae were counted. Snail groups differed in shell growth during the experiment: from 1.8 ± 0.4 mm in group A up to 4.0 ± 1.1 mm in group D. The prevalence of F. magna infection, the numbers of free rediae and cercariae significantly increased together with increasing growth of infected snails during the experiment. Group A produced 1–6 first-generation rediae per snail and the mean daughter redia production ranged from 7.5 second-generation rediae (when a single first generation per snail developed) to 2.3 (6 first-generation rediae per snail). In contrast, up to ten first-generation rediae were noted in group D, and each mother redia gave daughter rediae with averages ranging from 1.5 (ten first-generation rediae per snail) to 13 (a single first generation per snail). In conclusion, the development of F. magna in G. truncatula exhibited both inter- and intrapopulation variability, where the development of rediae and cercariae was positively correlated with snail growth.
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Ismail, Hassan A. H. A., Abed el Aziz A. el R. M. Ahmed, Young-Ha Lee, Mousab Siddig Elhag, Youngjin Kim, Seungman Cha, and Yan Jin. "Population Dynamics of Intermediate-Host Snails in the White Nile River, Sudan: A Year-Round Observational Descriptive Study." Korean Journal of Parasitology 59, no. 2 (April 22, 2021): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.121.

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We aimed to explore the population dynamics of snail in 3 sites of the White Nile in Sudan. More specifically, we aimed to investigate the annual patterns of snail populations that act as intermediate hosts of schistosomes and monthly snail infection rates and ecological characteristics presumably related to snail populations. We collected snails for 1 year monthly at 3 different shore sites in the vicinity of El Shajara along the White Nile river in Khartoum State, Sudan. In addition, we measured air and water temperatures, water turbidities, vegetation coverages, and water depths and current speeds. Most of the collected snails were <i>Biomphalaria pfeifferi</i> and <i>Bulinus truncatus</i>. The population densities of snails and their infection rates varied across survey sites. The collected snails liberated <i>S. mansoni</i> and <i>S. haematobium</i> cercariae as well as Amphistome and Echinostome cercariae. Infected snails were found during March-June. The ecological characteristics found to be associated with the absence of snails population were: high turbidity, deep water, low vegetation coverage (near absence of vegetation), high water temperature, and high current speed. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study of the snail population and ecological characteristics in the main basin of the White Nile river.
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Mohamed, A. Zakaria, Azzam Afifi, Yassir Sulieman, and Theerakamol Pengsakul. "SOME MICRO-ECOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS INTERMEDIATE HOST SNAILS IN KHARTOUM STATE, SUDA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 8 (August 31, 2016): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i8.2016.2573.

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This study was conducted to determine the role of some micro-ecological factors influencing the population dynamics of schistosomiasis intermediate host snails in the water bodies of Khartoum State, Sudan. The results show that the air and water temperature play a significant role in the determination of snail growth, a gradual increase of air and water temperate causing an increase in the snail population growth rate with the peak in summer. Water of high turbidity and high current speed caused a drop in the snail population. Vegetation cover in water bodies showed a significant effect on the snail population, the denser the cover the higher the snail population growth rate.
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Portet, Anaïs, Eve Toulza, Ana Lokmer, Camille Huot, David Duval, Richard Galinier, and Benjamin Gourbal. "Experimental Infection of the Biomphalaria glabrata Vector Snail by Schistosoma mansoni Parasites Drives Snail Microbiota Dysbiosis." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9051084.

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Host-parasite interaction can result in a strong alteration of the host-associated microbiota. This dysbiosis can affect the fitness of the host; can modify pathogen interaction and the outcome of diseases. Biomphalaria glabrata is the snail intermediate host of the trematode Schistosoma mansoni, the agent of human schistosomiasis, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. Here, we present the first study of the snail bacterial microbiota in response to Schistosoma infection. We examined the interplay between B. glabrata, S. mansoni and host microbiota. Snails were infected and the microbiota composition was analysed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing approach. We demonstrated that the microbial composition of water did not affect the microbiota composition. Then, we characterised the Biomphalaria bacterial microbiota at the individual scale in both naive and infected snails. Sympatric and allopatric strains of parasites were used for infections and re-infections to analyse the modification or dysbiosis of snail microbiota in different host-parasite co-evolutionary contexts. Concomitantly, using RNAseq, we investigated the link between bacterial microbiota dysbiosis and snail anti-microbial peptide immune response. This work paves the way for a better understanding of snail/schistosome interaction and should have critical consequences in terms of snail control strategies for fighting schistosomiasis disease in the field.
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Allan, F., D. Rollinson, J. E. Smith, and A. M. Dunn. "Host choice and penetration bySchistosoma haematobiummiracidia." Journal of Helminthology 83, no. 1 (March 2009): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x08073628.

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AbstractSchistosome parasites commonly show specificity to their intermediate mollusc hosts and the degree of specificity can vary between parasite strains and geographical location. Here the role of miracidial behaviour in host specificity ofSchistosoma haematobiumon the islands of Zanzibar is investigated. In choice-chamber experiments,S. haematobiummiracidia moved towardsBulinus globosussnail hosts in preference to empty chambers. In addition, miracidia preferred uninfected over patentB. globosus. This preference should benefit the parasite as patent snails are likely to have mounted an immune response toS. haematobiumas well as providing poorer resources than uninfected snails. Miracidia also discriminated between the hostB. globosusand the sympatric, non-host speciesCleopatra ferruginea. In contrast,S. haematobiumdid not discriminate against the allopatricBulinus nasutus. Penetration of the host by miracidia was investigated by screening snails 24 h after exposure using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) withS. haematobiumspecificDraI repeat primers. There was no difference in the frequency of penetration ofB. globosusversusB. nasutus. These responses to different snail species may reflect selection pressure to avoid sympatric non-hosts which represent a transmission dead end. The distribution ofB. nasutuson Unguja is outside the endemic zone and so there is less chance of exposure toS. haematobium, hence there will be little selection pressure to avoid this non-host snail.
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KOCK, S. "Investigations of intermediate host specificity help to elucidate the taxonomic status of Trichobilharzia ocellata (Digenea: Schistosomatidae)." Parasitology 123, no. 1 (July 2001): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182001008101.

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The avian schistosomatid Trichobilharzia ocellata plays an important role as causative agent of cercarial dermatitis of humans in Europe. In order to improve the taxonomic knowledge on this parasite, studies of miracidial chemo-orientation as well as experimental infections of different snail species were conducted using strains of T. ocellata and T. franki. Both schistosomes exhibited a high intermediate host specificity. The miracidia clearly preferred the SCW (snail-conditioned water) of the respective natural intermediate host to SCW of other sympatric snail species. T. ocellata proved to be capable of infecting Lymnaea stagnalis and Stagnicola palustris, but could not develop in Radix ovata or R. auricularia. T. franki established an infection in specimens of R. auricularia and R. ovata, but not in L. stagnalis or S. palustris. The results imply that the intermediate host spectrum of T. ocellata is limited to L. stagnalis and S. palustris. Findings of T. ocellata (or Cercaria ocellata) that originated from snails of the genus Radix are likely to have actually belonged to species such as T. franki or T. regenti. The assumption that T. szidati is synonymous to T. ocellata is also discussed.
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KALBE, M., B. HABERL, J. HERTEL, and W. HAAS. "Heredity of specific host-finding behaviour in Schistosoma mansoni miracidia." Parasitology 128, no. 6 (May 13, 2004): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004005037.

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Two strains of Schistosoma mansoni were used to investigate the hereditary basis of species-specific host recognition by analysing behavioural responses of miracidia to snail-conditioned water. An Egyptian strain of S. mansoni, capable of distinguishing its host snail Biomphalaria alexandrina from other snails was cycled repeatedly through Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of a Brazilian strain known to respond even to non-susceptible snails with high intensity. After 5 cycles in the non-natural host, miracidia of the Egyptian strain still retained their preference for the original host snail. In a second experiment, host-finding behaviour of hybrids between these two parasite strains was studied. In the F1 generation, hybrids of both parental combinations showed the same low degree of specificity as the pure-bred Brazilian strain. Approximately one quarter of F2 hybrids proved to be as discriminatory as the Egyptian strain, confirming dominant Mendelian inheritance of non-specificity in schistosome miracidial host-finding behaviour. Moreover, hybrids seem to have lost the ability to develop in B. alexandrina, possibly suggesting a link between host recognition and host compatibility. The heredity of this behavioural trait is of evolutionary and epidemiological significance, since a shift to low host-finding specificity might have been a prerequisite for S. mansoni to acquire new host snails after being introduced to South America by the slave trade.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Snail intermediate host"

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Rogers, Donna-Maria. "Adaptive variation in trematode parasite lifecycles : strategies adopted by microphallid trematodes using the mud snail Hydrobia ulvae as an intermediate host." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342343.

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Luviano, Aparicio Nelia. "The DNA methylation of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata, role and impact on the generation of phenotypic plasticity A simple Dot Blot Assay for population scale screening of DNA methylation The methylome of Biomphalaria glabrata and other mollusks: enduring modification of epigenetic landscape and phenotypic traits by new DNA methylation inhibitors An approach to study the relative contributions of epigenetics and genetics to phenotypic plasticity in the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata, vector of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni Hit-and-run epigenetic editing in the invertebrate parasite intermediate host snail Biomphalaria glabrata." Thesis, Perpignan, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PERP0004.

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La compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires qui permettent l'adaptation rapide des mollusques vecteurs de parasites à de nouveaux environnements est importante pour le contrôle des maladies. L'adaptation rapide est difficile à expliquer par la génétique mendélienne traditionnelle et il existe des preuves solides qui soutiennent que les mécanismes épigénétiques sont à l'origine des adaptations rapides chez plusieurs espèces. Je me suis focalisée sur une marque épigénétique appelée la méthylation de l’ADN, qui est modulée par l'environnement et joue un rôle dans la plasticité phénotypique chez de nombreuses espèces, principalement les plantes et les vertébrés. Néanmoins, le rôle de la méthylation de l'ADN dans la génération de variations phénotypiques chez les invertébrés a été très peu étudié. J'ai abordé la question du rôle de la méthylation de l'ADN dans la génération de la plasticité phénotypique et de son héritabilité chez l'escargot B. glabrata, l'hôte intermédiaire du parasite Schistosoma mansoni, l'agent pathogène de la schistosomiase, une maladie tropicale négligée. La méthylation de l'ADN chez B. glabrata est régulée par l'infection3du parasite S. mansoni et par le stress environnemental, de plus, il a été démontré que la méthylation de l'ADN affecte son expression génique, suggérant que la méthylation de l'ADN peut affecter la variation phénotypique et donc l'adaptation de l'escargot à de nouveaux environnements. Pour étudier le rôle de la méthylation de l'ADN dans la génération de la variation phénotypique, une manipulation expérimentale de la méthylation de l'ADN chez l'escargot était nécessaire. Par conséquent, deux approches ont été proposées dans cette thèse pour introduire des épimutations chez l'escargot B. glabrata: 1) Épi-mutagenèse aléatoire en utilisant des inhibiteurs chimiques des enzymes ADN methyltransferases (DNMT) et par ségrégation conséquente des épimutations dans des lignées d'autofécondation et 2) Par la méthylation des cytosines d'un locus ciblé avec un outil d'édition épigénétique qui consiste à l'utilisation d'une vecteur plasmidique codant pour l’ADN méthyltranférase (DNMT3) fusionnée avec l’enzyme dCas9 (Cas9 avec l’activité nucléase désactivé). Pour l’approche d’épimutagenèse aleatoire, un nouvel inhibiteur des enzymes DNMT a montré des effets d’inhibition de la méthylation dans deux générations consécutives, en montrant un effet épigénétique multigénérationnelle et sans montrer d’effet toxique ni dans la survie ni dans la fécondité de l’escargot B. glabrata. De plus l’inhibiteur Flv1 a montré être efficace dans deux autres espèces de mollusques, l’escargot d’eau douce Physa acuta et l’huître creuse Crassostrea gigas, ce qui suggère que cet inhibiteur représente un potentiel outil moléculaire pour moduler la méthylation de l’ADN chez d’autres mollusques. Dans le cas de l’approche ciblée, j’ai utilisé une méthode de transfection qui permet d’introduire deux vecteurs plasmidiques avec un promoteur viral SV40 de façon in vivo dans des embryons de l’escargot B. glabrata. La transfection a été effectuée au stade gastrula, ce qui a entrainé une incorporation mosaïque du vecteur dans les cellules transfectées. Toutefois, la méthode a permis de méthyler certains sites CpG du gène ciblé
The understanding of the molecular mechanisms that allows the rapid adaptation of mollusks that are vector of parasites, to new environments is important for disease control. Rapid adaptation is difficult to explain by traditional Mendelian genetics and there is strong evidence supporting that epigenetic mechanisms, are behind rapid adaptations in other species. I studied one epigenetic mark called DNA methylation that has demonstrated to be environmentally modulated and to play a role in phenotypic plasticity in many species, principally plants and vertebrates. Nevertheless, the role of DNA methylation in generating phenotypic variation in invertebrates has been poorly studied. I addressed the question of the role of DNA methylation in the generation of phenotypic plasticity and its heritability in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of the parasite Schistosoma mansoni, the causal agent of schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease. DNA methylation in B. glabrata has been found to be modulated by the infection of the parasite S. mansoni and by environmental stress, furthermore, it was demonstrated that DNA methylation affects its gene expression, suggesting that DNA methylation can affect phenotypic variation and therefore the adaptation of the snail to new environments. To study the role of DNA methylation in the generation of phenotypic variation, experimental manipulation of the DNA methylation in the snail was necessary. Therefore, two approaches were proposed in this thesis to introduce epimutations in the snail B. glabrata: 1) Random epi-mutagenesis using chemical DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors and by consequent segregation of epimutations in self-fertilization lines and 2) Methylate the cytosines of a targeted locus with a targeted epigenome editing tool consisting in the use of the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3) construct fused to the nuclease-inactivated dCas9. For the random epi-mutagenesis approach, a novel DNMT inhibitor has shown methylation inhibiting effects in two subsequent generations, showing a2multigenerational epigenetic effect and without showing toxic effects in either survival nor fecundity of the snail B. glabrata. In addition, the inhibitor Flv1 has been shown to be effective in other two mollusk species, the freshwater snail Physa acuta and the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, which suggests that this inhibitor represents a molecular tool to modulate the methylation of DNA in other mollusks. In the case of the targeted epimutagenesis approach, I used a transfection method that allows introducing two plasmid vectors with an SV40 viral promoter in vivo in embryos of the snail B. glabrata. The transfection was performed at the gastrula stage, which resulted in mosaic incorporation of the vector into the transfected cells. However, the method was able to methylate some CpG sites of the targeted gene
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Mulero, Stephen. "Développement d’outils d’écologie moléculaire pour un suivi intégratif des maladies transmises par les mollusques d’eau douce dans un contexte d’émergences et de changements globaux A Multiplex Rapid Diagnostic PCR (RD-PCR) approach for xenomonitoring of human and animal schistosomiases in a One Health context Genetic diversity and relationships of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda) with native and introduced definitive and intermediate hosts Simultaneous genotyping of gastropods and their trematode parasites using Amplicon Sequencing Pre-zygotic isolation mechanisms between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis parasites: from mating interactions to differential gene expression." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0023.

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Les changements globaux, qu’ils soient d’origine climatique ou anthropique ont diverses conséquences en santé humaine et animale, mais aussi sur les écosystèmes mondiaux. L’une des plus importantes est la modification des aires de répartitions géographiques des espèces et de celle des pathogènes qui leurs sont associés. C’est dans ce contexte que nous assistons ces dernières années à une recrudescence des cas d’émergences et de réémergences de maladies infectieuses dans le monde. Alors que les efforts de recherche menés dans ce domaine se focalisent principalement sur les maladies virales, les maladies transmises par les mollusques d’eau douce, qui affectent plus d’un milliard d’individus dans le monde, sont également sujettes à ces évènements d’émergences devenus fréquents. Cependant, l’étude de la dynamique des parasites associés à ces maladies se focalisent essentiellement sur le diagnostic et le traitement des hôtes définitifs, en particulier l’Homme. Toutefois, une telle approche ne permet pas de prévenir de la transmission de ces parasites à l’Homme et encore moins de prévenir d’un évènement d’émergence, et les outils actuels utilisés pour le suivi de ces parasites dans l’environnement sont difficilement applicables à large échelle. Ce travail de thèse se propose donc d’apporter une vision plus environnementale de la dynamique de ces maladies. Avec l’exemple de l’émergence de bilharziose urogénitale en Corse, nous avons analysé cette émergence en intégrant l’étude des traits d’histoire de vie du parasite tropical en cause, notamment sa thermo tolérance, ainsi que le rôle des hôtes intermédiaires mollusques et des hôtes définitifs sauvages et domestiques dans le maintien local du cycle parasitaire. Dans un second temps nous avons développé des outils de diagnostic par ADN environnemental pour la détection de mollusques hôtes dans l’environnement afin d’identifier les zones à risque d’émergence, ainsi que des outils de détection intramolluscal de schistosomes pour identifier les sites de transmission actif, et donc permettre un suivi environnemental des acteurs de ces maladies. Pour compléter ces approches, nous avons développé un outil plus généraliste de metabarcoding environnemental pour caractériser les communautés de mollusques d’eau douce, et initié le développement d’un outil similaire pour la caractérisation des communautés de trématodes, ceci afin d’étudier les interactions entre ces organismes. Enfin nous discutons de l’intégrations de tous ces éléments dans de nouvelles stratégies de contrôle à l’encontre de maladies transmises par les mollusques d’eau douce
Global changes, whether climatic or anthropogenic, have various consequences in human and animal health, as well as for worldwide ecosystems. One of the most important is the modification of geographical ranges of species and those of their associated pathogens. It is in this context that in recent years we have witnessed a resurgence in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases around the world. While research efforts in this field are mainly focused on viral diseases, freshwater snail-borne diseases, that affect more than 1 billion peoples around the world, are also subject to these outbreaks, which have become frequent. However, the study of the dynamics of parasites associated with these diseases focuses primarily on the diagnosis and treatment of the definitive hosts, particularly humans. Such an approach does not prevent the transmission of these parasites to humans and even less prevent an emergence event, and the existing tools used to monitor these parasites in the environment are difficult to apply at large scale. This thesis work, therefore aims to provide a more environmental vision of the dynamics of these diseases. With the example of the emergence of urogenital bilharziasis in Corsica, we analysed this emergence by integrating the study of the life history traits of the tropical parasite in question, particularly its thermo tolerance, as well as the role of mollusc intermediate hosts and wild and domestic definitive hosts in the local maintenance of the parasite lifecycle. In a second step, we have developed environmental DNA diagnostic tools for the detection of molluscs hosts in the environment in order to identify areas at risk of emergence, as well as tools for intramolluscal detection of schistosomes to identify active sites of transmission, and thus allow the environmental monitoring of the actors of these diseases. To complete these approaches, we have developed a more generalised environmental metabarcoding tool to characterise freshwater mollusc communities and initiated the development of a similar tool for the characterisation of trematode communities, in order to study the interactions between these organisms. Lastly, we discuss the integration of all these elements into new control strategies against snail-borne diseases
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Books on the topic "Snail intermediate host"

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Jones, Isabel, Andrea Lund, Gilles Riveau, Nicolas Jouanard, Raphael A. Ndione, Susanne H. Sokolow, and Giulio A. De Leo. Ecological control of schistosomiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa: restoration of predator-prey dynamics to reduce transmission. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789833.003.0015.

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Human modification of the landscape can increase the transmission of schistosomiasis, a snail-borne parasitic infection prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. The construction of dams and irrigation schemes increases the habitat available for the freshwater snails that serve as the parasite’s intermediate host. Schistosomiasis is considered both a cause and consequence of poverty. The disease is treatable, but its persistence in the environment makes it difficult to prevent reinfection after treatment. Interventions that address the environmental source of infection are a necessary complement to mass treatment campaigns. We present a promising ecological solution for schistosomiasis control that harnesses predator-prey dynamics to suppress snail populations and parasite transmission. We present data on the ecological and epidemiological impacts of restoring Macrobrachium vollenhovenii, a freshwater prawn native to the Senegal River. Harnessing ecology to control disease transmission may be a viable strategy in other geographic regions and other disease systems.
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Heyns, Chris. Tuberculosis and parasitic infestations involving the urogenital system. Edited by Rob Pickard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0006.

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Urogenital tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which evokes a granulomatous tissue reaction leading to caseous necrosis, fibrosis, and eventual calcification. It most commonly presents as cystitis with sterile pyuria but can show many other symptoms and signs requiring a high index of suspicion to make the diagnosis. Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) affecting the urinary tract is caused by the flatworm Schistosoma haematobium. Humans are infested by contact with fresh water harbouring the intermediate snail host. Echinococcosis (hydatid disease), is caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosis or multilocularis. Human infection results from close contact with the parasite host (usually dogs and sheep). Filariasis, caused by the roundworm Wuchereria bancrofti, is transmitted by mosquito bite
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Carabin, Hélène, Maria V. Johansen, Jennifer F. Friedman, Stephen T. McGarvey, Henry Madsen, Zhou Xiao-Nong, and Steven Riley. Zoonotic schistosomosis (schistosomiasis). Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0062.

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Asiatic schistosomiosis is a very old disease with Schistosoma japonicum eggs found in human remains > 2000 years old from Hunan and Hubei provinces in China (Mao and Shao 1982). The original description of Asiatic schistosomiosis was made by Fujii in 1847 (Sasa 1972). The life cycle was fi rst described by Kawanashi (1904) who noted trematode-like eggs in cat faeces. The same year, Katsurada recovered adult worms from a cat from Katayama, Japan (Okabe 1964). Fujinami and Nakamura (1909) first reported skin infection with S. japonicum cercariae of different mammals, and Miyairi and Suzuki (1914) discovered that Oncomelania hupensis served as intermediate host where miracidia developed into sporocysts and further into cercariae (Jordan 2000). The snail hosts of S. japonicum were discovered in China by Faust and Meleney (1923), The Philippines by Tubangui (1932) and in Indonesia by Carvey et al. (1973). In addition to the skin as the principal route of infection, Suda (1924) described oral infection and several authors described the intrauterine route of infection. (Okabe 1964; Sasa 1972).Following the understanding of the lifecyle, control measures including wearing closely woven clothing, composting of faeces with urine for at least 14 days, replacing cattle with horses, killing of rodents especially rats, killing of snails by lime, copper sulphate or salt water, were proven to have some efficacy. In Japan, an effective integrated control programme started after Second World War with the last human case being reported in 1978 (Jordan 2000 ). The National Schistosomiosis Control Programme in China started in 1955 and at that time more than 10 million people were infected with S. japonicum (Wu 2002). Emetine and antimony potassium tartrate were among the first drugs with proven efficacy against schistosomiosis in humans. Later antimony and finally praziquantel and artemether have been introduced as highly effective drugs with only minor adverse effects (Wu 2002).
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Book chapters on the topic "Snail intermediate host"

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Ittiprasert, Wannaporn, Jocelyn Myers, Edwin C. Odoemelam, Nithya Raghavan, Fred Lewis, Joanna M. Bridger, and Matty Knight. "Advances in the Genomics and Proteomics of the Freshwater Intermediate Snail Host of Schistosoma mansoni, Biomphalaria glabrata." In Biomphalaria Snails and Larval Trematodes, 191–213. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7028-2_8.

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Woodruff, David S. "Genetic Control of Schistosomiasis: A Technique Based on the Genetic Manipulation of Intermediate Host Snail Populations." In Parasitic and Related Diseases, 41–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5027-9_4.

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Mouritsen, Kim N., Tomas Jensen, and K. Thomas Jensen. "Parasites on an intertidal Corophium-bed: factors determining the phenology of microphallid trematodes in the intermediate host populations of the mud-snail Hydrobia ulvae and the amphipod Corophium volutator." In Interactions and Adaptation Strategies of Marine Organisms, 61–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1907-0_7.

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Adema, Coen M., Kelli K. Sapp, Lynn A. Hertel, and Eric S. Loker. "Immunobiology of the Relationship of Echinostomes with Snail Intermediate Hosts." In Echinostomes as Experimental Models for Biological Research, 149–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9606-0_8.

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Bakhoum, Sidy, Christopher J.E. Haggerty, Cheikh Tidiane Ba, Nicolas Jouanard, Gilles Riveau, and Jason Robert Rohr. "Seasonal Variations of Densities of Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the Intermediate Host of Schistosoma mansoni Parasite at the North of Senegal." In Basic and Applied Malacology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99217.

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Schistosomiasis is becoming more persistent because of the widespread distribution of intermediate host snails in several regions of Africa, including Senegal. The intermediate snail host of the human intestinal schistosome is Biomphalaria pfeifferi and is permanently present in northern Senegal because of the presence of the abundant freshwater habitat throughout the year. Here, we observed the seasonal variation in B. pfeifferi abundance in the Saint-louis region at the North of Senegal in West Africa. We performed snail and environmental parameter sampling across two different seasons described for Senegal: a dry season that runs roughly from mid-October to mid-June and a rainy season that spans approximately from late June to early October. We also split the dry season into two categories representing periods of time when water temperatures were either decreasing (dry1) or increasing (dry2). We used regression analyses to model snail density across the seasons and investigated which environmental variables influenced snail abundance. Results suggested that snails were more abundant and peaked during the rainy season, which lowest abundances during the dry season when temperatures were declining. The above seasonal variations of snail density were positively linked to the environmental drivers including periphyton (food resource for snails), aquatic vegetation abundance, water temperature and dissolved oxygen and negatively to both pH and water conductivity. Our findings may be useful for snail control efforts by targeting specific periods and/or site conditions when snail abundances are greatest.
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Dunne, D. W., and B. J. Vennervald. "Schistosomiasis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 1202–12. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.071101_update_001.

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Schistosomiasis is caused by trematode worms Schistosoma spp., whose life cycle requires a definitive vertebrate host and an intermediate freshwater snail host. Transmission to humans occurs through exposure to fresh water containing infectious larvae, which can penetrate intact skin before developing into blood-dwelling adult worms. The disease is patchily distributed in parts of South America, Africa, the Middle East, China, and South East Asia, with about 200 million people infected and 20 million suffering severe consequences of infection....
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Dunne, David, and Birgitte Vennervald. "Schistosomiasis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher P. Conlon, 1540–51. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0182.

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Schistosomiasis is caused by trematode worms Schistosoma spp., whose life cycle requires a definitive vertebrate host and an intermediate freshwater snail host. Transmission to humans occurs through exposure to fresh water containing infectious larvae, which can penetrate intact skin before developing into blood-dwelling adult worms. The disease is patchily distributed in parts of South America, Africa, the Middle East, China, and Southeast Asia, with about 200 million people infected and 20 million suffering severe consequences of infection. Most infected people living in endemic areas have few (if any) overt symptoms, but clinical manifestations (when present) depend on the stage of infection. Praziquantel is the drug of choice, with corticosteroids added in cases of Katayama fever. Acute schistosomiasis responds well, but chronic disease less so, but rapid re-exposure and reinfection are common (particularly in young children) unless control measures are implemented at the community level.
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Li, Z. J., J. Ge, J. R. Dai, L. Y. Wen, D. D. Lin, H. Madsen, X. N. Zhou, and S. Lv. "Biology and Control of Snail Intermediate Host of Schistosoma japonicum in The People's Republic of China." In Schistosomiasis in The People's Republic of China - From Control to Elimination, 197–236. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.003.

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Attwood, Stephen W. "Studies on the Parasitology, Phylogeography and the Evolution of Host–Parasite Interactions for the Snail Intermediate Hosts of Medically Important Trematode Genera in Southeast Asia." In Important Helminth Infections in Southeast Asia: Diversity and Potential for Control and Elimination, Part B, 405–40. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-308x(10)73013-x.

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Knight, Richard. "Angiostrongyliasis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher P. Conlon, 1516–19. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0178.

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The rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes outbreaks of eosinophilic meningitis in parts of Southeast Asia, East Asia, Oceania, and the Caribbean. Human infections follow ingestion of raw snails (the primary intermediate hosts), food contaminated by snail mucus, or one of several paratenic hosts. Clinical manifestations include headache, meningism, vomiting, cranial nerve, ocular, lesions, and rarely seizures. Lumbar puncture reveals eosinophilic meningitis and sometimes larval worms. Treatment is usually with prednisolone alone, or with albendazole and prednisolone. Mortality is usually below 2%. Prevention is by avoidance of raw high-risk dietary items and unwashed salads. Another species A. costaricensis causes granulomatous bowel and hepatic lesions in some tropical American countries. Rats are the definiitive hosts, human infection follows ingestion of small slugs. Treatment is surgical.
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Conference papers on the topic "Snail intermediate host"

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Widayati, Anis Nur, Muhamad Faozan, Junus Widjaja, Ahmad Erlan, and Malonda Maksud. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL TEAM (PEDA’ TEAM) IN BADA HIGHLAND, CENTRAL SULAWESI PROVINCE, INDONESIA." In International Conference on Public Health. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/24246735.2020.6101.

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Background. Schistosomiasis has been a community health problem in endemic areas. In Indonesia, it is caused by trematode Schistosoma japonicum, with snail Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis as its intermediate host. This disease is only found in three endemic areas in Central Sulawesi Province: Napu and Bada highlands, Poso Regency, and Lindu highland in Sigi Regency. Various schistosomiasis control efforts were accomplished for more than the last twenty years. However, the schistosomiasis prevalence in Indonesia still fluctuates. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Peda’ team in the research area. Method. One strategy of schistosomiasis control by community empowerment, namely the Bada Model, was implemented in Bada highland, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, from May to November 2019. One of the model’s elements is the formation of the schistosomiasis control village team (namely Peda’ Team), which was trained about schistosomiasis control. After the training, they were assigned several duties, including schistosomiasis socialization to the village community, stool sample collection, snail habitat control, snail and rats survey, and assisting the mass drug administration. The evaluation was conducted in stool sample coverage and the snail habitat area. Results. The results showed an increase in stool sample collection coverage in the community, becoming more than 80% in almost all endemic villages. We found the decrease from 26 become three focus areas because of the active effort to control the schistosomiasis intermediate snail focus area. Based on the results can be concluded that the Peda team formation can support schistosomiasis control more useful in the research area Keywords: Schistosomiasis, Bada Model, Community Empowerment
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