Relevant bibliographies by topics / Snails – Classification

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Academic literature on the topic 'Snails – Classification'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Snails – Classification"

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Oso, Opeyemi G., and Alex B. Odaibo. "Land use/land cover change, physico-chemical parameters and freshwater snails in Yewa North, Southwestern Nigeria." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): e0246566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246566.

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The management of ecosystem has been a major contributor to the control of diseases that are transmitted by snail intermediate hosts. The ability of freshwater snails to self-fertilize, giving rise to thousands of hatchlings, enables them to contribute immensely to the difficulty in reducing the endemicity of some infections in the world. One of the effects of land use/land cover change (LU/LCC) is deforestation, which, in turn, leads to the creation of suitable habitats for the survival of freshwater snails. This study was aimed at studying the land use/land cover change, physico-chemical parameters of water bodies and to understand the interplay between them and freshwater snails in an environment where a new industrial plant was established. Landsat TM, 1984, Landsat ETM+ 2000 and Operational land Imager (OLI) 2014 imageries of the study area were digitally processed using ERDAS Imagine. The land use classification includes settlement, water bodies, wetlands, vegetation and exposed surface. Dissolved oxygen, water temperature, pH, total dissolved solids and conductivity were measured with multipurpose digital meters. Snail sampling was done at each site for 30 minutes along the littoral zones, using a long-handled scoop (0.2mm mesh size) net once every month for 24 months. Independent t-test was used to determine the variation between seasons, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between physico-chemical parameters and snail species while regression was used to analyze the relationship between LU/LCC and freshwater snails. Species’ richness, diversity and evenness were examined using Margalef, Shannon Weiner and Equitability indexes. Snail species recovered include: Bulinus globosus, Bulinus jousseaumei, Bulinus camerunensis, Bulinus senegalensis, Bulinus forskalii, Amerianna carinatus, Ferrissia spp., Segmentorbis augustus, Lymnaea natalensis, Melanoides tuberculata, Physa acuta, Gyraulus costulatus, Indoplanorbis exuxtus and Gibbiella species. Out of the total snails recovered, M. tuberculata (2907) was the most abundant, followed by Lymnaea natalensis (1542). The highest number of snail species was recovered from Iho River while the least number of snails was recovered from Euro River. The mean and standard deviation of physico-chemical parameters of the water bodies were DO (2.13±0.9 mg/L), pH (6.80±0.4), TDS (50.58±18.8 mg/L), Temperature (26.2±0.9°C) and Conductivity (74.00±27.5 μS/cm). There was significant positive correlation between pH and B. globosus (r = 0.439; P<0.05). Dissolved oxygen showed significant positive correlation with B. globosus (r = 0.454; P<0.05) and M. tuberculata (r = 0.687; P<0.01). There was a positive significant relationship between LULCC and B. camerunensis (p<0.05). The positive relationship between LULCC and the abundance of B. globosus, B. jousseaumei was not significant. The area covered by water bodies increased from 3.72 to 4.51 kilometers; this indicates that, more suitable habitats were being created for the multiplication of freshwater snails. We therefore conclude that, increase in areas suitable for the survival of freshwater snails could lead to an increase in water-borne diseases caused by the availability of snail intermediate hosts.
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Okon, B., L. A. Ibom, A. Dauda, A. E. Bassey, M. O. Awodiran, and M. O. Etukudo. "Chromosome numbers, evolutionary relationships and divergence among three breeds of giant african land snails in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 4 (December 27, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i4.614.

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A number of studies have been carried out on the reproductive and growth performance of these breeds of giant African land snails, but not much is documented on chromosome, evolutionary relationships and divergence studies. Forty snails and 10 of each breed of giant African land snails Archachatina marginata (AM), Achatina achatina (AA) and Achatina fulica (AF) and two varieties of A. marginata [A. marginata var. saturalis (AMS) and A. marginata var. ovum (AMO)] were used for the chromosomes numbers analyses. Slides for chromosome identification were prepared using the ovotestes and the cells were examined for spread atmetaphase. The haploid (n) chromosome numbers obtained revealed and confirmed that AF, AA, AMS and AMO snails have 27, 30, 28 and 28 chromosomes respectively. Also 13 amino acid sequences were retrieved from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information with accession numbers: ALD09273, AAY62497, ACA 10148 and AKQ 76237 for AM; AKQ 76253, AKQ 76250, CDL 67813, CDL 67813 and AKQ 76249 for AA and SP/P35903, PDB/5CZL, KZM 80032 and YP009049167 for AF snails. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbour-Joining method. Phylogenetic tree analysis by Neighbour- Joining (NJ) was constructed using 10 out of the 13 amino acid sequences. The reliability of the tree was calculated by boostrap confidence value with 1000 boot strapiterations using MEGA 7 software.The phylogenetic trees showed that these snail breeds are highly divergent. A. achatina was separately related to itself; whereas A. marginata slightly mingled with A. fulica. The degrees of divergence obtained signified that they have evolved from different ancestors. The evolutionary distances were computed with the remaining three amino acid sequences using the Poisson Correction method. Very high and far apart average genetic distances of 0.923±0.018, 0.926±0.018 and 0.926±0.017 were obtained for AA vs AF, AF vs AM and AA vs AM snails respectively, confirming that these snail breeds are genetically far apart between themselves. The results obtained for chromosome numbers, evolutionary relationship and average genetic distances might be apanacea in further selection and molecular classification of giant African land snails (GALS) in Nigeria.
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Whitin, David J., Heidi Mills, and Timothy O'Keefe. "Links to Literature: Exploring Subject Areas with a Counting Book." Teaching Children Mathematics 1, no. 3 (November 1994): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.1.3.0170.

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BRATT, ALBERTUS D., LLOYD V. KNUTSON, WILLIAM L. MURPHY, and ANTHONY A. DANIELS. "Biology, immature stages, and systematics of snail-killing flies of the genus Colobaea (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), with overviews of aspects of the tribe Sciomyzini." Zootaxa 4840, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 1–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4840.1.1.

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All reared larvae of flies of the genus Colobaea Zetterstedt, 1837 (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), which comprises 15 valid species, kill and consume freshwater nonoperculate pulmonate snails. New data are presented on the geographic distribution, biology, morphology of immature stages, and classification of Colobaea. Life cycle information is provided from field data and laboratory rearings for four of the 11 Palearctic species—C. bifasciella (Fallén), C. deemingi Knutson & Bratt n.sp., C. pectoralis (Zetterstedt), and C. punctata (Lundbeck)—and for one of the three Nearctic species, C. americana Steyskal. Colobaea bifasciella is shown to be one of the most highly specialized parasitoid Sciomyzini, laying eggs on shells of Galba truncatula (O.F. Müller) and Stagnicola palustris (O.F. Müller) in temporary, intermittent, or vernal semiterrestrial situations. Each larva feeds in only one host snail, which is not killed until shortly before the larva completes development. Puparia are strongly modified to fit tightly within the shell of the host. The other reared species are shown to be less specialized than C. bifasciella, with eggs being laid upon vegetation, the larvae behaving as parasitoids-predators-saprophages of exposed aquatic snails, and the puparia of all four species being adapted to a lesser degree than C. bifasciella to fitting within the shell of the host snail. In nature, C. americana attacks Gyraulus parvus (Say) and Physa Draparnaud sp.; C. pectoralis attacks Anisus vortex (L.) and Bathyomphalus contortus (L.); and C. punctata attacks Gyraulus albus O.F. Müller, Lymnaea “peregra,” Planorbarius corneus (L.), and Planorbis planorbis (L.). In the laboratory, these species also attacked and consumed other freshwater nonoperculate snails; C. deemingi was reared on Gyraulus intermixtus (Mousson) and Radix gedrosiana (Say), and an adult fly of the Palearctic C. distincta (Meigen) emerged from a puparium found in the shell of Anisus spirorbis (L.) collected in nature. Described and figured are eggs, larvae of all three instars, and puparia of the five laboratory-reared species. To provide perspective on features of Colobaea, diagnostic features are summarized of the immature stages of the Sciomyzini and the suprageneric categories of Sciomyzidae. The biogeography of the tribe Sciomyzini is presented, along with details of known geographical distribution. The classification and phylogenetic position of Colobaea are discussed. Included are a checklist of all known taxa of Colobaea, maps of geographic distribution, and a key to adults of the 15 valid species.
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Afiukwa, F. N., D. E. Nwele, O. E. Uguru, G. A. Ibiam, C. S. Onwe, A. U. Ikpo, N. B. Agumah, and O. F. Odoemena. "Transmission Dynamics of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in the Rural Community of Ebonyi State, South Eastern Nigeria." Journal of Parasitology Research 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7596069.

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This study accessed the dynamics of urogenital schistosomiasis transmission in Nkalagu Community. A total of 500 mid-day urine samples were collected and transported to Microbiology Laboratory, Ebonyi State University, for analysis. 10ml each of the urine samples was centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 5 minutes. Transmission potential of snail intermediate host of Schistosomes collected from different sampling station at the transmission sites within the study community was equally accessed. The snail species collected were placed individually into a clean beaker with little quantity of water and then subjected to shedding light for 2 hours. Data obtained were entered in excel spread sheet and analyzed using chi square test. The result obtained shows that 205 (41%) out of 500 individuals examined were excreting S. haematobium ova in their urine. The highest prevalence of infection (23%) was found among 11-20-year age groups. Males were more infected (25.4%) than their female counterparts (15.6%), although this was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). A total of 283 snails belonging to two Bulinus species (B. globosus and B. truncatus) were collected from the four sites sampled. Bulinus globosus recorded the highest species abundance (177) with the highest occurrence in site A. 52 (18.4%) out of 283 snails collected were infected with cercariae, and the highest cercariae infection (12.0%) was recorded among B. globosus. With prevalence of 41% among the human population and the prevalence of 18.4% patent infection among the snail intermediate hosts, urogenital schistosomiasis is still a public health problem in the study area and falls within the WHO classification of endemic area. Public health campaign is recommended in order to educate the people on the mode of transmission and control of the disease.
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Puillandre, N., T. F. Duda, C. Meyer, B. M. Olivera, and P. Bouchet. "One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails." Journal of Molluscan Studies 81, no. 1 (September 5, 2014): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyu055.

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Baker, Frank Collins. "33. The Classification of the Large Planorboid Snails of Europe and America." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 101, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 575–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1931.tb01033.x.

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Apostolou, Konstantinos, Alexandra Staikou, Smaragda Sotiraki, and Marianthi Hatziioannou. "An Assessment of Snail-Farm Systems Based on Land Use and Farm Components." Animals 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020272.

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In this study, the structural and management characteristics of snail farms in Greece were analyzed to maximize sustainable food production. Objectives, such as the classification of farming systems and assessing the effects of various annual production parameters, were investigated. Data were collected (2017) via a questionnaire, and sampling was conducted in 29 snail farms dispersed in six different regions (Thrace, Central Macedonia, West Macedonia, Thessaly, Western Greece, and the Attica Islands). Descriptive statistics for continuous variables and frequencies for categorical variables were calculated. The similarity between farms was analyzed using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS). The average farm operation duration exceeded eight months and the mean annual production was 1597 kg of fresh, live snails. Results recorded five farming systems: elevated sections (7%), net-covered greenhouse (38%), a mixed system with a net-covered greenhouse (10%), open field (38%), and mixed system with an open field (7%). Snail farms differ in the type of substrate, available facilities, and equipment (60% similarity between most of the open field farms). The geographical location of a farms’ settlement affects productivity but also influences the duration of operation, especially in open field farms, due to their operation under a wide assortment of climatic types.
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Sullivan, Robert M. "Phylogenetic relationships among subclades within the Trinity bristle snail species complex, riverine barriers, and re-classification." California Fish and Wildlife Journal, CESA Special Issue (July 6, 2021): 107–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.cesasi.6.

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The Trinity bristle snail (Monadenia setosa) is listed as a threatened species under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA). In northern California, populations of this endemic terrestrial gastropod occur in rare, isolated, and highly fragmented locations within the greater Trinity Basin. Since 1952 when it was originally described, the taxonomic status of the Trinity bristle snail has been questioned based on unpublished information limited in geographic scope and sample size, which resulted in the taxon being reduced from species status (M. setosa) to subspecific status (M. i. setosa) within the Redwood sideband (M. infumata) species complex. Primary objectives of the present study were to: 1) use DNA extraction and PCR sequencing to gain insight into patterns of genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships among a larger sample of endemic populations of the Trinity bristle snail; 2) re-evaluate the systematic and taxonomic status of the species using outgroup analysis and references samples from sympatric ecologically co-occurring taxa within the genus Monadenia; and 3) evaluate the potential biogeographic effects of major riverine systems on genetic differentiation among relic and disjunct populations within the Trinity Basin. Results of the DNA sequence analysis using several different tree reconstruction methods revealed that subspecies of the Redwood sideband (M. i. subcarinata), Yellow-based sideband (M. i. ochromphalus), and the Trinity bristle (M. i. setosa) exhibited a phylogenetic signal at > 95% species probability. Except for the Yellow-based sideband, molecular evidence detected the presence of several morphologically cryptic subclades within each species clade formerly undescribed by the scientific community. Syntopic1 ecological relationships between subclades of the Trinity bristle snail and the Redwood sideband occurred in several areas within the geographic range of the Trinity bristle snail, which indicated that these subclades were conservatively differentiated at the subspecific level. A Bayesian coalescent tree showed that genetic variation 1 Syntopy refers to the joint occurrence of two species in the same habitat at the same time, which may result in hybridization between closely related taxa or sister species. In contrast, sympatric species occur together in the same region, but do not necessarily share the same localities as syntopic species do (Futuma 2009). among allopatric subclades of the Trinity bristle snail and the Redwood sideband were congruent with hydrological discontinuities associated with site-specific riparian stream corridors and the primary river systems within the Trinity Basin. Correlation analysis revealed a pattern of area effects, wherein sparsely bristled Trinity bristle snails were generally found to the northwest and more abundantly bristled individuals to the southeast in relation to primary river corridors that bisect the central Trinity Basin. A similar but opposite trend was observed in the directional pattern of banding. Here the most conspicuously banded individuals were found in samples distributed to the northwest while individuals with less conspicuous banding patterns occurred in a more southeasterly direction in relation to primary riverine corridors. These geographic patterns of bristles and bands appeared to reflect shallow clines that were evident in samples of both the Trinity bristle snail and the Redwood sideband. Parsimony character state reconstructions revealed that the presence of bristles and conspicuousness of bands was widespread among genetic samples, but these attributes did not provide a definitive morphological character that could be used to distinguish among co-occurring taxa.
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Stelbrink, Björn, Romy Richter, Frank Köhler, Frank Riedel, Ellen E. Strong, Bert Van Bocxlaer, Christian Albrecht, et al. "Global Diversification Dynamics Since the Jurassic: Low Dispersal and Habitat-Dependent Evolution Explain Hotspots of Diversity and Shell Disparity in River Snails (Viviparidae)." Systematic Biology 69, no. 5 (February 15, 2020): 944–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa011.

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Abstract The Viviparidae, commonly known as River Snails, is a dominant group of freshwater snails with a nearly worldwide distribution that reaches its highest taxonomic and morphological diversity in Southeast Asia. The rich fossil record is indicative of a probable Middle Jurassic origin on the Laurasian supercontinent where the group started to diversify during the Cretaceous. However, it remains uncertain when and how the biodiversity hotspot in Southeast Asia was formed. Here, we used a comprehensive genetic data set containing both mitochondrial and nuclear markers and comprising species representing 24 out of 28 genera from throughout the range of the family. To reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of viviparids on a global scale, we reconstructed a fossil-calibrated phylogeny. We further assessed the roles of cladogenetic and anagenetic events in range evolution. Finally, we reconstructed the evolution of shell features by estimating ancestral character states to assess whether the appearance of sculptured shell morphologies was driven by major habitat shifts. The molecular phylogeny supports the monophyly of the three subfamilies, the Bellamyinae, Lioplacinae, and Viviparinae, but challenges the currently accepted genus-level classification in several cases. The almost global distribution of River Snails has been influenced both by comparatively ancient vicariance and more recent founder events. In Southeast Asia, Miocene dispersal was a main factor in shaping the modern species distributions. A recurrent theme across different viviparid taxa is that many species living in lentic waters exhibit sculptured shells, whereas only one strongly sculptured species is known from lotic environments. We show that such shell sculpture is habitat-dependent and indeed evolved several times independently in lentic River Snails. Considerably high transition rates between shell types in lentic habitats probably caused the co-occurrence of morphologically distinct shell types in several lakes. In contrast, directional evolution toward smooth shells in lotic habitats, as identified in the present analyses, explains why sculptured shells are rarely found in these habitats. However, the specific factors that promoted changes in shell morphology require further work. [biogeographical analyses; fossil-calibrated phylogeny; fossil-constrained analyses; Southeast Asia; stochastic character mapping.]
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Snails – Classification"

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Ho, Wai-hoong, and 何慧紅. "The taxonomy and ecology of land snails in Hong Kong, with particular reference to factors affecting their distribution and populationdynamics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211458.

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Naranjo-Garcia, Edna. "Systematics and biogeography of the Helminthoglyptidae of Sonora." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184460.

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A study of the Helminthoglyptidae of Sonora was undertaken to determine the extent of their distribution and speciation. As a result, nine new species of Sonorella are described, and new ranges of the known species are given. The status of the family is reviewed and its standing is supported with the analysis of morphological characteristics of several genera. The zoogeography of the family and its distribution are shown. Possible dispersal and isolation mechanisms are discussed in order to explain the present distribution of these snails, and comments on ecological and speciation accounts are offered.
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Pyron, R., Frank Burbrink, and John Wiens. "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes." BioMed Central, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610383.

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BACKGROUND:The extant squamates (>9400 known species of lizards and snakes) are one of the most diverse and conspicuous radiations of terrestrial vertebrates, but no studies have attempted to reconstruct a phylogeny for the group with large-scale taxon sampling. Such an estimate is invaluable for comparative evolutionary studies, and to address their classification. Here, we present the first large-scale phylogenetic estimate for Squamata.RESULTS:The estimated phylogeny contains 4161 species, representing all currently recognized families and subfamilies. The analysis is based on up to 12896 base pairs of sequence data per species (average = 2497 bp) from 12 genes, including seven nuclear loci (BDNF, c-mos, NT3, PDC, R35, RAG-1, and RAG-2), and five mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, cytochrome b, ND2, and ND4). The tree provides important confirmation for recent estimates of higher-level squamate phylogeny based on molecular data (but with more limited taxon sampling), estimates that are very different from previous morphology-based hypotheses. The tree also includes many relationships that differ from previous molecular estimates and many that differ from traditional taxonomy.CONCLUSIONS:We present a new large-scale phylogeny of squamate reptiles that should be a valuable resource for future comparative studies. We also present a revised classification of squamates at the family and subfamily level to bring the taxonomy more in line with the new phylogenetic hypothesis. This classification includes new, resurrected, and modified subfamilies within gymnophthalmid and scincid lizards, and boid, colubrid, and lamprophiid snakes.
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Prévot, Vanya. "Exploring the taxonomy of a facultative selfing, polymorphic land snail: the genus Rumina, Gastropoda Pulmonata." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209873.

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Le genre Rumina Risso, 1926 (Subulinidae) est constitué de gastéropodes terrestres, hermaphrodites et capables de réaliser de l’autofécondation ainsi que de la fécondation croisée. Plusieurs espèces ont été décrites sur base de subtiles différences morphologiques telles que la forme et la taille de la coquille et la coloration du corps. Trois espèces sont actuellement toujours reconnue dans la littérature: Rumina decollata (Linnaeus, 1758), R. saharica Pallary, 1901 et R. paivae (Lowe 1861). Cependant, uniquement le statut spécifique de R. decollata et R. saharica a été confirmé par la morphologie de la coquille et l'anatomie génitale. L’objectif de la thèse est de clarifier la taxonomie du genre Rumina par une approche de taxonomie intégrative en associant des caractères moléculaires, morphologiques et anatomiques ainsi que les méthodes issues de la génétique des populations. Quatre gènes mitochondriaux et deux gènes nucléaires ont été séquencés pour reconstruire la phylogénie de Rumina. Les résultats confirment le statut d’espèce de R. saharica, excluent R. paivae en tant qu’espèce et proposent une nouvelle classification pour R. decollata en 6 espèces phylogénétiques. R. saharica est aussi confirmé en tant qu’espèce morphologique suite à une étude morphomètrique, cependant les nouvelles espèces de R. decollata n’ont pas pu être différenciées ni par les variables morphologiques testées, ni par des particularités dans l’anatomie génitale. Néanmoins, deux des espèces de R. decollata correspondent à deux morphotypes (clair et foncé) auparavant décrits et étudiés dans la région de Montpellier. L’étude de ces deux espèces phylogénétiques avec des microsatellites et allozymes permettent de confirmer le statut spécifique des deux morphotypes et révèlent que R. decollata pratique l’autofécondation croisée à un taux supérieur à celui rapporté dans la littérature, défiant ainsi la règle selon laquelle les hermaphrodites pratiqueraient exclusivement l’autofécondation ou exclusivement la fécondation croisée. L’espèce correspondante au morphotype foncé a été introduite en plusieurs endroits du monde et semble être l’espèce possédant la plus grande capacité invasive parmi les Rumina. Ainsi, nos résultats suggèrent que le genre Rumina, auparavant décrit comme étant composé de trois espèces, est en fait un complexe de sept espèces, qui doivent être davantage étudiées de façon à confirmer leur statut d’espèce par d’autres concepts d’espèce. / Rumina spp. Risso, 1826 (family Subulinidae) is a hermaphroditic terrestrial snail, performing both selfing and outcrossing. Several nominal species have been described based on subtle differences in the shape and size of the shell, and body coloration. Currently, three taxa are still recognized, viz. R. decollata (Linnaeus, 1758), R. saharica Pallary, 1901 and R. paivae (Lowe, 1860). Yet, species-specific differentiation has only been confirmed for R. decollata and R. saharica, based on shell and genital morphology. This work aims at resolving the taxonomy of the genus Rumina through an integrative taxonomic approach by combining molecular, morphological and anatomical characters, as well as population genetic methods. Four mitochondrial and two nuclear genes were used to infer Rumina’s phylogeny. Results suggest that R. saharica is a phylogentic species, R. paivae is not a phylogenetic species and R. decollata is composed by 6 phylogenetic species. The specific status of R. saharica was confirmed by a morphometric analysis, however the remaining phylogenetic species of R. decollata could not be differentiated neither by the shell characters analyzed nor by the genital anatomy. Nevertheless, two phylogenetic species of Rumina representing the dark and light colored strains previously described in the Montpellier region. The study of both these strains with microsatellites and allozymes confirmed their specific status and revealed that outcrossing might be more prevalent than was previously suggested in the literature, therefore defying the alleged rule that hermaphroditic species should be either strict self-fertilizers or strict outcrosser. The dark strain was introduced in several places through the world and seems to be the one with highest invasive character within the genus Rumina. Therefore, our results suggest that the genus Rumina, previously described as having three species, is in fact a complex of seven species that need to be further explored in order to confirm their species status under other species concepts.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Kienel, Enrico, and Guido Brunnett. "GPU-Accelerated Contour Extraction on Large Images Using Snakes." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200900358.

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Active contours have been proven to be a powerful semiautomatic image segmentation approach, that seems to cope with many applications and different image modalities. However, they exhibit inherent drawbacks, including the sensibility to contour initialization due to the limited capture range of image edges and problems with concave boundary regions. The Gradient Vector Flow replaces the traditional image force and provides an enlarged capture range as well as enhanced concavity extraction capabilities, but it involves an expensive computational effort and considerably increased memory requirements at the time of computation. In this paper, we present an enhancement of the active contour model to facilitate semiautomatic contour detection in huge images. We propose a tile-based image decomposition accompanying an image force computation scheme on demand in order to minimize both computational and memory requirements. We show an efficient implementation of this approach on the basis of general purpose GPU processing providing for continuous active contour deformation without a considerable delay.
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Kienel, Enrico. "Algorithmen der Bildanalyse und -synthese für große Bilder und Hologramme." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2012. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A19815.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit Algorithmen aus dem Bereich der Bildsegmentierung sowie der Datensynthese für das so genannte Hologrammdruck-Prinzip. Angelehnt an ein anatomisch motiviertes Forschungsprojekt werden aktive Konturen zur halbautomatischen Segmentierung digitalisierter histologischer Schnitte herangezogen. Die besondere Herausforderung liegt dabei in der Entwicklung von verschiedenen Ansätzen, die der Anpassung des Verfahrens für sehr große Bilder dienen, welche in diesem Kontext eine Größe von einigen hundert Megapixel erreichen können. Unter dem Aspekt der größtmöglichen Effizienz, jedoch mit der Beschränkung auf die Verwendung von Consumer-Hardware, werden Ideen vorgestellt, welche eine auf aktiven Konturen basierende Segmentierung bei derartigen Bildgrößen erstmals ermöglichen sowie zur Beschleunigung und Reduktion des Speicheraufwandes beitragen. Darüber hinaus wurde das Verfahren um ein intuitives Werkzeug erweitert, das eine interaktive lokale Korrektur der finalen Kontur gestattet und damit die Praxistauglichkeit der Methode maßgeblich erhöht. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit einem Druckprinzip für die Herstellung von Hologrammen, basierend auf virtuellen Abbildungsgegenständen. Der Hologrammdruck, der namentlich an die Arbeitsweise eines Tintenstrahldruckers erinnern soll, benötigt dazu spezielle diskrete Bilddaten, die als Elementarhologramme bezeichnet werden. Diese tragen die visuelle Information verschiedener Blickrichtungen durch einen festen geometrischen Ort auf der Hologrammebene. Ein vollständiges, aus vielen Elementarhologrammen zusammengesetztes Hologramm erzeugt dabei ein erhebliches Datenvolumen, das parameterabhängig schnell im Terabyte-Bereich liegen kann. Zwei unabhängige Algorithmen zur Erzeugung geeignet aufbereiteter Daten unter intensiver Ausnutzung von Standard-Graphikhardware werden präsentiert, hinsichtlich ihrer Berechnungs- sowie Speicherkomplexität verglichen und unter Berücksichtigung von Qualitätsaspekten bewertet.
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Mondal, Sukanta. "Contributions To Venominformatics : Sequence-Structure-Function Studies Of Toxins From Marine Cone Snails. Application Of Order-Statistics Filters For Detecting Membrane-Spanning Helices." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/566.

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Venomous animals have evolved a vast array of peptide toxins for prey capture and defense. Nature has evolved the venoms into a huge library of active molecules with high selectivity and affinity, which could be explored as therapeutics or serve as a template for drug design. The individual components of venom i.e. toxins are used in ion channel and receptor studies, drug discovery, and formulation of insecticides. ‘Venominformatics is a systematic bioinformatics approach in which classified, consolidated and cleaned venom data are stored into repositories and integrated with advanced bioinformatics tools and computational biology for the analysis of structure and function of toxins.’ Conus peptides (conopeptides), the main components of Conus venom, represent a unique arsenal of neuropharmacologically active molecules that have been evolutionarily tailored to afford unprecedented and exquisite selectivity for a wide variety of ion-channel subtypes and neuronal receptors. Ziconotide (ω-conotoxin MVIIa from Conus magus (Magician's cone snail)), is proven as an intrathecally administered N-type calcium channel antagonist for the treatment of chronic pain (U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research) attesting to the pharmaceutical importance of Conus peptides. From the point of view of protein sequence and structure analysis, conopeptides can serve as attractive systems for the studies in sequence comparison, pattern extraction, structure–function correlations, protein–protein interactions and evolutionary analysis. Despite their importance and extensive experimental investigations on them, they have been hardly explored through in silico methods. The present thesis is perhaps the first attempt at deploying a multi-pronged bioinformatics approaches for studies in the burgeoning field of conopeptides. In the process of sequence-structure-function studies of conopeptides, we have created several sequence patterns of different conopeptide families and these have been accepted for inclusion in international databases such as PROSITE, the first pattern database to have been developed (http://www.expasy.org/prosite) and INTERPRO (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro). More importantly, we have carried out extensive literature survey on the peptides for which we have defined the patterns to create PROSITE compatible documentation files (PDOC6004, PDOC60025 and PDOC60027). We have also created a series of sequence patterns and associated documentation filesof pharmaceutically promising peptides from plants and venomous animals (including O-conotoxin and P-conotoxin superfamily members) with knottin scaffold. Knottins provide appealing scaffolds for protein engineering and drug design due to their small size, high structural stability, strong sequence tolerance and easy access to chemical synthesis. The sequence patterns and associated documentation files created by us should be useful in protein family classification and functional annotation. Even though patterns might be useful at the family level, they may not always be adequate at the superfamily level due to hypervariability of mature toxins. In order to overcome this problem, we have demonstrated the applicationos of multi-class support vector machines (MC-SVMs) for the successful in silico classification of the mature conotoxins into their superfamilies. TheI- and J-conotoxin-superfamily members were analyzed in greater detail. On the basis of in silico analysis, we have divided the 28 entries previously grouped as I-conotoxin superfamily in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (release 49.0) into I1 and I2 superfamilies inview of their having two different types of signal peptides and exhibiting distinct functions. A comparative study of the theoretically modeled structure of ViTx from Conus virgo, a typical member of I2-conotoxin superfamily, reveals the crucial role of C-terminal region of ViTx in blocking therapeutically important voltage-gated potassium channels. Putative complexes created by us of very recently characterized J-superfamily conotoxin p11-4a with Kv1.6 suggest that the peptide interacts with negatively charged extracellular loops and pore-mouth of the potassium channel and blocks the channel by covering the pore as a lid, akin to previously proposed blocking mechanism of kM-conotoxin RIIIK from Conus radiatus to Tsha1 potassium channel. This finding provides a pointer to experimental work to validate the observations made here. Based on differences in the number and distribution of the positively charged residues in other conopeptides from the J-superfamily, we hypothesize different selectivity profile against subtypes of the potassium channels for these conopeptides. Furthermore, the present thesis reports the application of order-statistic filters and hydrophobicity profiles for predicting the location of membrane-spanning helices. The Proposed method is in particular effective for the class of helical membrane proteins, namely the therapeutically important voltage-gated ion channels, which are natural targets of several conotoxins. Our suggested ab initio approach is comparatively better than other spatial filters, confirming to the efficacy of including the concept of order or ranking information for prediction of TM helicdes. Such approaches should be of value for improved prediction performance including in large-scale applications. In addition, anlaysis has been carried out of the role of context in the relationship between form and function for the true PDB hits of some nonCys-rich PROSITE patterns. We have found specific examples of true hits of some PROSITE patterns displaying structural plasticity by assuming significantly different local conformation, depending upon the context. The work was carried out as a part of the research interest in our group in studying structural and other features of protein sequence patterns. The Contributions of the candidate to venominormatics include, creation of protein sequence patterns and information highlighting the importance of the patterns as gleaned from the lteratures for family classification: profile HMM and MC-SVMs for conotoxin superfamily classification; in silico characterization of I1 and I2 conotoxin superfamilies; studies of interaction with Kv1 channels of typical members of I2 and 3 conotoxin superfamilies and development of improved methods for detecting membrane-spanning helices. Chapter I starts with a brief account of venominformatics; bioinformatics for venoms and toxins. Chapter 2 presents a regular expression based classification of Conus peptides. Chapter 3 revisits the 28 entries previously grouped as I-conotoxin superfamily in UniProt Swiss-Prot knowledgebase (release 49.0) having four disulfide bonds with Cys arrangement C-C-CC-CC-C-C and they inhibit or modify ion channels of nerve cells. Chapter 4 describes pseudo-amino acid composition and MC-SVMs approach for conotoxin superfamily classification. Chapter 5 describes in silico detection of binding mode with Kv1.6 channel of J-superfamily conotoxin p114a from bermivorouos cone snail, Conus planorbis. Chapter 6 presents a comparative sequence-structure-function analysis of naturally occurring Cys-rich peptides having the Knottin or inhibitor cystine knot(ICK) scaffold, from different plants and venomous animals based on information available in the knottin database(http://knottin.cbs.cnrs.fr/). Chapter 7 describes the application of order-statistic filters and hydrophobicity profiles for detecting membrane-spanning helices. Chapter 8 describes the role of context in the relationship between form and function for the true PDB hits of some non Cys-rich PROSITE patterns. Chapter 9 summaries the important findings of the present studies on naturally occurring bioactive Cys-rich peptides with emphasis on Conus peptides and their interactions with respective target such as voltage-gated ion channels.
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chang, chia-hao, and 張家豪. "Using Spatial Information System for Aquatic Microhabitat Selection and Classification of Semi-aquatic snakes." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09882874596258789327.

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碩士
華梵大學
環境與防災設計學系碩士班
94
Due to highly disturbances from human developments, wetlands that are rich in ecological values are being destroyed and the number of related organisms is reduced. Analyzing the sensitive species and their habitat can improvement not only the understandings of how those sensitive species choose their microhabitat but also reflect minor changes of the environment resulting from human disturbances, hence, achieves the goal of monitoring environmental changes. This research used the semi-aquatic snakes’ survey data and the aquatic microhabitat factors to analyze the spatial distribution and the micro-habitat selection of semi-aquatic snakes. We also estimated the benefit of using multi-spectral images in aquatic microhabitat classification. Study area was located in Tau-Yuan County, where two kinds of funnel traps were set up in bogs and ponds. A total of 105 funnel traps including 15 sinking funnel traps and 90 floating funnel traps were used for capture of semi-aquatic snakes. From Sep. 2004 to Sep. 2005, a total of 49 male and 34 female Xenochrophis piscator, a total of 181 individuals, were captured. And 33 male and 36 female Sinonatrix annularis, a total of 118 individuals, were captured. Physical microhabitat factors such as water depth, mud thickness, aquatic vegetation coverage, canopy closure, grass height were measured 1 m2 around traps. The geographic information system (GIS) were used to calculate disturbance factors such as distance to lands, distance to shores, distance to houses, distance to roads, and distance to farmlands. The multivariate analyses were conducted to understand the relationship between these ten microhabitat factors and semi-aquatic snakes’ appearance frequency. Results showed that in the ponds, water depth, aquatic vegetation coverage, and distance to houses were the main microhabitat factors for X. piscator, and water depth and canopy closure were the main factors for S. annularis. In bogs, canopy closure and distance to houses were the main factors that influenced X. piscator’s microhabitat selection and water depth and distance to houses were the main factors that influenced S. annularis’s habitat selection. If the two habitat types were combined, only water depth was highly related to the appearance frequencies of the two surveyed semi-aquatic snakes. Therefore, the water depth alone was used to classify microhabitat types for ponds. Two algorisms, i.e., the maximum likely hood and minimum distance, were used for supervised classifications of multi-spectral images. The classification result showed that when few spatial pixels were available, the maximum likely hood cannot be performed. The overall accuracy of minimum distance was 70%. Different water depths were successfully classified into classes such as shallow water (water depth under 30cm), middle water (water depth 30cm~60cm), and deep water (90cm~120cm) with accuracies of 66.67%, 85.71% and 100%, respectively. Overall, the depth of water was the main microhabitat factor for both X. piscator and S. annularis in wetland habitat as a whole. Canopy coverage and aquatic vegetation may have played a minor role in microhabitat selection for X. piscator and S. annularis in different area. Both X. piscator and S. annularis appeared in the same location but may have occupied different depth of water. The human disturbances may have decreased X. piscator but increase S. annularis population. If the water depth were to be used as the major microhabitat classification factor, the multi-spectral images can be used to classify area microhabitat successfully.
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Books on the topic "Snails – Classification"

1

G, Thompson Fred. Land snails of the genus Coelocentrum from northeastern Mexico. Gainesville: University of Florida, 1994.

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Mitra, S. C. Indian land snails: S[e]lected species : pictorial handbook. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 2005.

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G, Thompson Fred. The hollow-ribbed land snails of the genus Coelostemma of the southwestern United States and Mexico. Gainesville: University of Florida, 1988.

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Thompson, Fred G. Giant carnivorous land snails from Mexico and Central America. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, 1987.

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Ramakrishna. Annotated checklist of Indian land molluscs. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 2010.

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Roth, Barry. Checklist of the land snails and slugs of California. 2nd ed. Santa Barbara, CA: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2007.

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Roth, Barry. Checklist of the land snails and slugs of California. 2nd ed. Santa Barbara, Calif: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2006.

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Hershler, Robert. Annotated checklist of freshwater truncatelloidean gastropods of the western United States, with an illustrated key to the genera. Denver, Colorado: Bureau of Land Management National Operation Center, Information and Publishing Services Section, 2017.

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W, Taylor D. Pecosorbis, a new genus of fresh-water snails (Planorbidae) from New Mexico. Socorro: New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources, 1985.

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G, Thompson Fred. A review of the land snails of Mona Island, West Indies. Gainesville, Fla: Florida State Museum, University of Florida, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Snails – Classification"

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Sejdić, E., and E. Veledar. "An Algorithm for Classification of Opening Snaps and Third Heart Sounds Based on Wavelet Decomposition." In IFMBE Proceedings, 404–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23508-5_105.

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Boundy, Jeff. "Classification." In Snakes of the World, 9–12. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429461354-5.

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"Classification of snakes." In Science Spectra, 51–64. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203422670.ch6.

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Boundy, Jeff. "Classification and List of Genera." In Snakes of the World, 13–16. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429461354-6.

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West-Eberhard, Mary Jane. "Heterochrony." In Developmental Plasticity and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122343.003.0019.

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Heterochrony is evolutionary change in the timing of expression of a phenotype trait, that transfers expression of the trait from one life stage or behavioral or physiological phase to another—”the shifting of characters from one part of an ontogeny to another” (Valentine, 1977b, p. 260) or simply “the displacement of characters in time” (Gould, 1977, p. 225). A clear fossil example occurs in monograptids, where there is a temporal shift in the onset of a modified morphology, a life-history modification that is recorded in the structure of the body (figure 13.1). Heterochrony can occur at any level of organization, including the molecular level, where evolutionary changes in the timing of gene expression have been demonstrated, for example, in echinoids and a fibronectin gene of amphibians (Collazo, 1994). Some recent authors (e.g., McKinney and McNamara, 1991; Reilly et al., 1997) define heterochrony as any change in the timing of regulatory events. Most novel traits qualify as heterochrony by this regulatory-timing definition, since virtually all evolutionary change involves change in the timing of developmental events. This regulatorytiming definition of heterochrony leads to a classification of evolutionary change termed panheterochrony by McKinney and McNamara (1991)—a classification of evolutionary transitions that lumps all evolutionary change under the heading of heterochrony. “Because all developmental events occur along a time line, any significant change is likely to result in a heterochrony at some level” (Raff, 1992, p. 211). As expressed by Barbara McClintock in a staff meeting at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, “If I could control the time of gene action, I could cause a fertilized snail egg to develop into an elephant. Their biochemistries are not all that different; it's simply a matter of timing”. I will adhere to a classification that divides the effects of regulatory change into their different kinds of effects on phenotypes, in keeping with the general emphasis on phenotypes in this book.
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Flower, Harriet I. "Lar(es)/Genius and Juno/Snake(s)." In The Dancing Lares and the Serpent in the Garden. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691175003.003.0001.

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This chapter is organized into nine interrelated sections. Since the evidence about the lares is so fragmented and disparate, each ancient text or image is examined in its own right. It clears the ground for the discussion by first addressing the debate in the antiquarian sources about the basic nature of lares. It argues against the interpretation of lares as spirits of the deceased and in favor of seeing them as benevolent deities of place and of travel. Moving on from the theoretical classification of these distinctly academic texts, it looks at both literary and epigraphic evidence from the archaic Arval hymn onward. The remainder of the chapter considers which Latin authors refer to twin lares as opposed to a single lar. It also draws together the evidence from painted iconography, written text, and ritual custom to suggest an overall interpretation of the lares and snakes as “gods of place,” who receive gifts and honor from a genius on the Bay of Naples.
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Conference papers on the topic "Snails – Classification"

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Alzu'bi, Shadi, Omar Badarneh, Bilal Hawashin, Mahmoud Al-Ayyoub, Nouh Alhindawi, and Yaser Jararweh. "Multi-Label Emotion Classification for Arabic Tweets." In 2019 Sixth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snams.2019.8931715.

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Razaque, Abdul, A. Kanapina, M. Sailaubek, D. Tsoy, Z. Turganov, Muder Almiani, Fathi Amsaad, and Mohammad Adnan Almahamed. "Pair Data Division Algorithm For Handling Data Classification." In 2019 Sixth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snams.2019.8931871.

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Elbes, Mohammed, Amal Aldajah, and Odai Sadaqa. "P-Stemmer or NLTK Stemmer for Arabic Text Classification?" In 2019 Sixth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snams.2019.8931818.

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Stoehr, Niklas, Luis Sanchez, Daniil Gannota, and Fabian Falck. "From Accuracy to Versatility: Analysing Text Classification Models Regarding Transfer Learning." In 2019 Sixth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snams.2019.8931853.

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Yue, Wang, and Lei Li. "Sentiment Analysis using Word2vec-CNN-BiLSTM Classification." In 2020 Seventh International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snams52053.2020.9336549.

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Sheikh, Nasrullah, Zekarias T. Kefato, and Alberto Montresor. "Semi-Supervised Heterogeneous Information Network Embedding for Node Classification Using 1D-CNN." In 2018 Fifth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snams.2018.8554840.

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Al Kilani, Nadeem, Rami Tailakh, and Abualsoud Hanani. "Automatic Classification of Apps Reviews for Requirement Engineering: Exploring the Customers Need from Healthcare Applications." In 2019 Sixth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snams.2019.8931820.

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Salesi, Sadegh, Ali A. Alani, and Georgina Cosma. "A Hybrid Model for Classification of Biomedical Data Using Feature Filtering and a Convolutional Neural Network." In 2018 Fifth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snams.2018.8554958.

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Zarzour, Hafed, Bashar Al shboul, Mahmoud Al-Ayyoub, and Yaser Jararweh. "A convolutional neural network-based reviews classification method for explainable recommendations." In 2020 Seventh International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snams52053.2020.9336529.

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Peluso, Valentino, Roberto G. Rizzo, Antonio Cipolletta, and Andrea Calimera. "Inference on the Edge: Performance Analysis of an Image Classification Task Using Off-The-Shelf CPUs and Open-Source ConvNets." In 2019 Sixth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snams.2019.8931889.

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