Academic literature on the topic 'Snake Grid'

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Journal articles on the topic "Snake Grid"

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Yackel Adams, Amy A., Melia G. Nafus, Page E. Klug, et al. "Contact rates with nesting birds before and after invasive snake removal: estimating the effects of trap-based control." NeoBiota 49 (July 22, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.49.35592.

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Invasive predators are responsible for almost 60% of all vertebrate extinctions worldwide with the most vulnerable faunas occurring on islands. The brown treesnake (Boigairregularis) is a notorious invasive predator that caused the extirpation or extinction of most native forest birds on Guam. The success of avian reintroduction efforts on Guam will depend on whether snake-control techniques sufficiently reduce contact rates between brown treesnakes and reintroduced birds. Mouse-lure traps can successfully reduce brown treesnake populations at local scales. Over a 22-week period both with and without active snake removal, we evaluated snake-trap contact rates for mouse- and bird-lure traps. Bird-lure traps served as a proxy for reintroduced nesting birds. Overall, mouse-lure traps caught more snakes per trap night than did bird-lure traps. However, cameras revealed that bird-lure traps had a snake contact rate almost 15 times greater than the number of successfully captured snakes. Snakes that entered bird-lure traps tended to be larger and in better body condition and were mostly captured in bird-lure traps, despite numerous adjacent mouse-lure traps. Traps placed along grid edges caught more snakes than interior traps, suggesting continuous immigration into the trapping grid within which bird-lure traps were located. Contact between snakes and bird-lure traps was equivalent before and after snake removal, suggesting mouse-lure traps did not adequately reduce the density of snakes that posed a risk to birds, at least at the timescale of this project. This study provides evidence that some snakes exhibit prey selectivity for live birds over live mouse lures. Reliance on a single control tool and lure may be inadequate for support of avian reintroductions and could lead to unintended harvest-driven trait changes of this invasive predator.
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Mikkelsen, K., S. K. Næss, and H. K. Eriksen. "GRID-BASED EXPLORATION OF COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETER SPACE WITH SNAKE." Astrophysical Journal 777, no. 2 (2013): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/777/2/172.

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Iliffe, J. C., J. V. Arthur, and C. Preston. "The Snake Projection: A Customised Grid for Rail Projects." Survey Review 39, no. 304 (2007): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/003962607x165041.

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Gupta, Siddharth, Guy Sa'ar, and Meirav Zehavi. "The Parameterized Complexity of Motion Planning for Snake-Like Robots." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 69 (September 24, 2020): 191–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11864.

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We study the parameterized complexity of a variant of the classic video game Snake that models real-world problems of motion planning. Given a snake-like robot with an initial position and a final position in an environment (modeled by a graph), our objective is to determine whether the robot can reach the final position from the initial position without intersecting itself. Naturally, this problem models a wide-variety of scenarios, ranging from the transportation of linked wagons towed by a locomotor at an airport or a supermarket to the movement of a group of agents that travel in an “ant-like” fashion and the construction of trains in amusement parks. Unfortunately, already on grid graphs, this problem is PSPACE-complete. Nevertheless, we prove that even on general graphs, the problem is solvable in FPT time with respect to the size of the snake. In particular, this shows that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT). Towards this, we show how to employ color-coding to sparsify the configuration graph of the problem to reduce its size significantly. We believe that our approach will find other applications in motion planning. Additionally, we show that the problem is unlikely to admit a polynomial kernel even on grid graphs, but it admits a treewidth-reduction procedure. To the best of our knowledge, the study of the parameterized complexity of motion planning problems (where the intermediate configurations of the motion are of importance) has so far been largely overlooked. Thus, our work is pioneering in this regard.
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KUTYLOWSKI, MIROSLAW, and ROLF WANKA. "PERIODIC SORTING ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL MESHES." Parallel Processing Letters 02, no. 02n03 (1992): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626492000349.

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We consider the following periodic sorting procedure on two-dimensional meshes of processors: Initially, each node contains one number. We proceed in rounds each round consisting of sorting the columns of the grid, and, in the second phase, of sorting the rows according to the snake-like ordering. We exactly characterize the number of rounds necessary to sort on an l × m-grid in the worst case, where l is the number of the rows and m the number of the columns. An upper bound of ⌈ log l⌉ + 1was known before. This bound is tight for the case that m is not a power of 2. Surprisingly, it turns out that far fewer rounds are necessary if m is a power of 2 (and m ≪ l) in this case, exactly min { log m + 1, ⌈ log l⌉ + 1} rounds are needed in the worst case.
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Fu, Qiyuan, and Chen Li. "Robotic modelling of snake traversing large, smooth obstacles reveals stability benefits of body compliance." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 2 (2020): 191192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191192.

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Snakes can move through almost any terrain. Although their locomotion on flat surfaces using planar gaits is inherently stable, when snakes deform their body out of plane to traverse complex terrain, maintaining stability becomes a challenge. On trees and desert dunes, snakes grip branches or brace against depressed sand for stability. However, how they stably surmount obstacles like boulders too large and smooth to gain such ‘anchor points’ is less understood. Similarly, snake robots are challenged to stably traverse large, smooth obstacles for search and rescue and building inspection. Our recent study discovered that snakes combine body lateral undulation and cantilevering to stably traverse large steps. Here, we developed a snake robot with this gait and snake-like anisotropic friction and used it as a physical model to understand stability principles. The robot traversed steps as high as a third of its body length rapidly and stably. However, on higher steps, it was more likely to fail due to more frequent rolling and flipping over, which was absent in the snake with a compliant body. Adding body compliance reduced the robot's roll instability by statistically improving surface contact, without reducing speed. Besides advancing understanding of snake locomotion, our robot achieved high traversal speed surpassing most previous snake robots and approaching snakes, while maintaining high traversal probability.
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Andretta, Thomas A. "Investigation of WRF Microphysics Schemes and Dynamics During an Extreme Precipitation Event in East Idaho." Open Atmospheric Science Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 58–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874282301812010058.

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Background:The 26 December 2003 snowstorm was a rare and long-lived weather system that affected east Idaho. Light snow began falling Christmas night, became steadier and heavier during the next day, and tapered off during the morning on the 27th. Snowfall estimates of 20.3-38.1 cm (8.0-15.0 in) were observed over a 24-hour period on 26 December 2003 in the lower part of the Snake River Plain, paralyzing local communities and transportation centers with snowdrifts and poor visibilities.Methods:The Weather Research and Forecasting Unified Environmental Modeling System was used to conduct a sensitivity study of five precipitation microphysics schemes at two grid scales during the event.Results:A comparison of the model accumulated total grid scale precipitation at 12-km and 4-km scales with the observed precipitation at several stations in the lower plain, indicated small negative biases (underprediction) in all of the schemes. The Purdue-Lin and Weather Research and Forecasting Double-Moment 6-Class microphysics schemes contained the smallest root mean squared errors.Conclusion:The Purdue-Lin and Weather Research and Forecasting Double-Moment 6-Class schemes provided several insights into the dynamics of the snowstorm. A topographic convergence zone, seeder-feeder mechanism, and convective instability were major factors contributing to the heavy snowfall in the lower plain.
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Amaliyah, Dewi Ayu. "PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ULAR TANGGA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII MATA PELAJARAN IPS DI SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 15 LAMONGAN." J-PIPS (Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial) 4, no. 2 (2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jpips.v4i2.7314.

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The problems that occurred in Junior High School Muhammadiyah 15 Lamongan is learners feel saturated with teaching methods of lectures from teachers without involving students to take an active role in learning. The students still lack creativity in learning IPS materials. This is because teachers are more active in the classroom by using lecture learning methods and learning media LKS. The purpose of this research is to: (1) to develop learning media of Snake Ladder social education subjects VIII grade Junior High School Muhammadiyah 15 Lamongan, (2) to know the feasibility of learning media Snake Ladder IPS subjects for grade VIII Junior High School Muhammadiyah 15 Lamongan students assessment of material experts and media experts. This thesis uses a research and development approach or Research and Development (R&D) with the development model of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation Evaluation. The result of the research is (1) The researcher conducting field trials conducted to 15 students in the experimental group class VIII Junior High School Muhammadiyah 15 Lamongan. The field trial prototype gets an 87% percentage so that it is converted to a valid qualification level. (2) The feasibility of the media engineering aspects of the 21 statements is categorized as feasible. Assessment of the lecturer is 75% interesting enough the level of validity can be used with small revisions. Thus media ladder snakes in the assessment of media experts worthy of use as a medium of learning junior high school students. (3) Media learning snake ladder on the material changes in Indonesian society during the colonial period and the growth of nationalism spirit can effectively improve the learning outcomes of students of class VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 15 Lamongan. By looking at the average control class is smaller than the experimental class on the post-test that is 1262 <1355.<br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: .55pt; line-height: 12.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">K</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">e</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">y<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">w</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">d</span>s: </span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">development learning; snake ladder; learning media</span></em></strong></p>
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Pomar-Gómez, Andrés D., Paulo Cordeiro, Thaís B. Guedes, and Paulo Passos. "The striking endemism pattern of the species-richest snake genus Atractus (Dipsadidae: Serpentes) highlights the hidden diversity in the Andes." Amphibia-Reptilia 42, no. 2 (2021): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10044.

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Abstract The distribution of the highly diversified and species-rich snake genus Atractus was assessed in search for endemism areas. The dataset of 6000 museum specimens was used to run an Endemicity Analyses in order to identify areas of biogeographic relevance for the genus Atractus. By using distinct methodological approaches and modifying the size and shape of grid cells we obtained a better adjustment to each species range, taking into account species distributed along the Andean and Atlantic Forest mountain ranges or certain vegetation constraints. Three scales of endemism were observed: micro endemic areas, represented by three different regions; intermediate sized endemic areas, represented by nine different regions; and macro-endemic areas, represented by four different provinces. Although most assessed regions corroborate well-defined biogeographic units according to the scientific literature, some, mainly located in the Colombian Andes, are not regularly considered in biogeographic syntheses carried out for vertebrates. Methodological approaches, along with a well curated database and taxonomic accuracy, may significantly influence the recovery of endemism areas, mainly considering mountain topography and local niche structure. The results present herein highlight the relevance of three Colombian Cordilleras, in order to completely understand Neotropical biota patterns of distribution. It is important to note that a well-resolved taxonomy represents both the framework and the first step toward a comprehensive biographical synthesis reducing Wallacean shortfalls in biodiversity.
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Rocha, Carlos Frederico Duarte, Helena Godoy Bergallo, Carla Fabiane Vera y Conde, Emerson Brum Bittencourt, and Hilda de Carvalho Santos. "Richness, abundance, and mass in snake assemblages from two Atlantic Rainforest sites (Ilha do Cardoso, São Paulo) with differences in environmental productivity." Biota Neotropica 8, no. 3 (2008): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032008000300011.

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We analyzed richness, composition and mass of snakes in two sites in the Atlantic forest of Ilha do Cardoso (25º 03' S and 47º 53' W), an island (22,500 ha), Cananéia municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. A monthly index of arthropod availability (in mm³) was estimated in each site through capture rates in pit-fall traps. Fallen fruits were collected along trails in the study sites (mass of fruit gave an index of fruit availability) and small mammals were sampled in grids with 120 traps which covered the lowland (5.2 ha) and in the slope forests (3.6ha). The abundance and mass of small mammals were standardized for the size of each sampled area (in g.ha-1). To sample snakes we established 20 pit-fall traps in each area and performed monthly transects in four consecutive days (totaling 1000 m long) along trails in the study sites. Snakes found were measured, weighted marked and released. Abundance and total mass of snakes were standardized by the size of each area. The areas differed consistently in in the productivity of arthropods, fruits and small mammals, and also in richness, composition and total mass of snakes. We found 36 individuals (total mass = 9884 g) of 12 snake species belonging to three Families (Colubridae, Elapidae and Viperidae) in the lowland forest, whereas in the slope forest we sampled only 9 individuals of 2 species (total mass = 1820 g). Our results suggest that the area of lowland forest, showing higher productivity of arthropods, fruits and small mammals, maintains a snake community with a higher richness, diversity and biomass than its slope forest counterpart.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Snake Grid"

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Jonsson, Tobias. "Snake Grid och andra objektanpassade projektioner för svensk infrastruktur." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168092.

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I detta examensarbete undersöks tillämpligheten av speciellt anpassade kartprojektioner för projektering, byggnation, drift och underhåll av långsträcka objekt inom svensk infrastruktur. Speciellt intresse ägnas åt Snake Grid-projektionen som utvecklats av University College London i samarbete med Network Rail, som bygger och underhåller det brittiska järnvägsnätet. I samband med att man i Sverige satsar på utbyggnad och uppgradering av järnvägsnätet med höghastighetsspår, uppstår även ny mätningstekniska utmaningar då anläggningarna blir allt mer komplicerade, och toleranserna allt snävare. Projekteringen av anläggningarna utförs oftast i programvaror som antar att bygget kommer att utföras i ett tredimensionellt rum med rätvinkliga axlar, med norr och öst i ett plan och lodriktningen vinkelrätt mot detta plan. Problem uppstår när detta antagande om en platt jord möter verkligheten med en krökt jordyta och kuperad terräng. Den klassiska lösningen på problemet är att arbeta med kartprojektioner, för att på så sätt lokalt eller regionalt approximera en platt jord vid kartering och projektering. Storleken på det område som kartprojektionen är giltig för och lokala höjdförhållanden bestämmer hur stora avbildningsfelen, i form av skalförskjutningar, som mest blir i kartan. Vid rent geodetiska tillämpningar såsom kartering eller stommätning kan korrektioner påföras de insamlade mätvärdena för att justera dem till det projicerade kartplanet, men det blir mer komplicerat när det kommer till projekteringen av anläggningar, där måttsättningen ska vara korrekt och en meter på ritningen ska motsvara en meter i vekligheten. För vissa anläggningar blir de skalförskjutningar som de officiella projektionszonerna i SWEREF 99 medför alltför stora. Ett sätt att hantera det är att istället arbeta med en för den aktuella anläggningen speciellt framtagen projektion, som minimerar avbildningsfelet längsmed anläggningens geografiska utsträckning. I Storbritannien har Network Rail övergått till att hantera sina järnvägsanläggningar enligt denna princip, och har i samarbete med University College London låtit ta fram en speciell typ av projektion för ändamålet, kallad Snake Grid. Snake Grid bygger på att justera skalförskjutningarna till noll längs med en trendlinje som löper längs med anläggningen, och justerar både för avbildningsfel beroende på projektion och på höjd över ellipsoiden. Varje stambana har på så sätt tilldelats sitt eget plana referenssystem, med skalförskjutningar i närområdet reducerade till försumbar nivå. Projektörer och utsättare kan därför arbeta enligt ovan nämnda antagande om en platt jord. De frågor som utreds i detta examensarbete är dels om Snake Grid medför signifikanta fördelar jämfört med alternativa projektionsmetoder som kan objektanpassas, exempelvis Transversal Mercator, Oblik Mercator eller Konform Lambert, och dels om det finns några avgörande skillnader i arbetssätt eller organisation mellan Sverige och Storbritannien som kan påverka lämpligheten i att arbeta på detta sätt., och om fördelarna är större än nackdelarna med avseende på ökad administration och datautbyte med tredje man. För att introducera konceptet mer i detalj för svenska läsare beskrivs teorin bakom Snake Grid relativt ingående i denna rapport. Den innehåller även kortfattade beskrivningar av ett litet urval av alternativa metoder. Därefter görs en jämförande analys i form av beräkningar, av några infrastrukturprojekt med syfte att belysa vilka styrkor och svagheter de olika metoderna har och vilka nivåer av skalförskjutningar de medför. De objekt som undersökts är West Coast och East Coast Main Line, Öresundsförbindelsen, Förbifart Stockholm, Göteborg-Borås, Ostlänken och Sundsvall-Trondheim. Resultatet av beräkningarna indikerar att traditionella projektioner som Transversal och Oblik Mercator i de flesta fall kan objektanpassas med resultat på jämförbar nivå med rapporterade resultat för Snake Grid. Anpassningen av dessa traditionella metoder kräver dock specialkompetens, och även den vardagliga tillämpningen skulle ställa vissa krav på användarna. En av fördelarna med Snake Grid är att det är en färdig paketlösning med tillgång till support för användarna. I rapporten beskrivs även Network Rails uppdrag, och vilka myndigheter som är inblandade i arbetet med investeringar och underhåll för järnvägarna på den brittiska huvudön. Den befintliga geodetiska infrastrukturen i Storbritannien, i form av referenssystem, stomnät och nätverks-RTK utvärderas också. Utöver detta har också en undersökning gjorts av hur användandet av objektanpassade projektioner passar in i gällande svenska regelverk. Syftet med dessa undersökningar har varit att avgöra om det finns några avgörande skillnader mellan Sverige och Storbritannien när det gäller förutsättningarna för användandet av objektanpassade projektioner. Resultatet av denna jämförelse mellan de två länderna är att det inte finns några avgörande skillnader som skulle göra användandet av Snake Grid eller andra objektanpassade projektioner mindre lämpligt i Sverige. För att objektanpassade projektioner ska kunna användas för järnvägsprojekt i Sverige krävs dock dispenser eller justeringar av Trafikverkets gällande regelverk.<br>This thesis investigates the applicability of tailored map projections for the design, construction and maintenance of long objects, such as roads and railways, in Swedish infrastructure. Special emphasis is on the Snake Grid projection, developed by University College London in collaboration with Network Rail, the organization responsible for construction and maintenance of the railway network in Great Britain. The ongoing Swedish investments in expansion and upgrades of the country’s railway network poses new challenges for surveyors, as the constructions are becoming increasingly complex and tolerances more narrow. Track design is usually carried out with software with the built-in assumption that the construction will be made in a three-dimensional space with coordinate axes pointing to the north and the east, and with a vertical axis perpendicular to those. Problems arise when this flat-Earth assumption meets the reality of a curved surface and hilly terrain. The classical solution of this dilemma is to work with map projections, in order to make a local or regional approximation of a flat Earth for mapping and design purposes. The size of the projection zone and the local topography decides the maximum distortions that will be in the map. For purely geodetic purposes, such as topographic surveying or establishment of control point networks, corrections can be applied to the measurements to fit them to the projected map, but when it comes to construction design, where dimensions should be correct and one meter in the blueprint should correspond to one meter in reality, things get more complicated. For some constructions, the scale distortions on the outskirts of the official projection zones for the Swedish national grid SWEREF 99 are too large. One way to deal with that is to instead tailor a map projection, specific for that construction object, which will minimize scale distortions along the object. In Great Britain, Network Rail has adopted this approach to managing their railway network, and together with University College London developed a special kind of map projection for this purpose, known as Snake Grid. The principle of Snake grid is to force the scale to unity along a sinuous trend line, following the track geometry, and in the process adjust for scale distortions due to both projection and height above the ellipsoid. Each main line has been assigned its own horizontal coordinate system in that way, minimizing scale distortions in proximity to the tracks to a negligible level. As a result, construction designers and surveyors can work from a flat Earth assumption. This thesis deals with the questions whether the benefits of using Snake Grid are significant compared to tailoring other map projections, like Transversal Mercator, Oblique Mercator or Lambert Conformal Conic, and whether there are any large differences in methods or organization between Sweden and the UK that might influence the suitability of this approach and whether the pros outweigh the cons such as increased administration and risks in communication. To give Swedish readers a more detailed introduction to the concept, the theoretical description of Snake Grid is relatively comprehensive in this thesis. It also contains short descriptions of a small selection of alternative methods. After that, a comparative analysis of the methods is made by way of calculation, testing a few infrastructure projects to see which strengths and weaknesses the different map projections possess, and what magnitude of scale distortions can be expected. The examined projects are the West Coast and East Coast Main Lines, the Øresund bridge, the Stockholm Bypass, the Gothenburg-Borås railway, the Eastern link railway (Ostlänken) and the railway between Sundsvall and Trondheim. The results of the calculations indicate that, in most cases, traditional map projections such as Transversal or Oblique Mercator can be tailored to a project, with results comparable to reported results for the Snake Grid method. The tailoring, however, requires specialist competence that is hard to come by, and in the practical daily application it will also put some requirements on the competence of the end user. One of the advantages of Snake Grid is that it is a package solution with user support available. The thesis also describes the responsibilities of Network Rail, and which government bodies are involved in the maintenance of the British railway network. The existing geodetic infrastructure in Great Britain, in the form of reference systems, and control point networks is also described. An evaluation has also been made, whether tailored map projections can be used in accordance with current Swedish rules and regulations for road and railway construction. The purpose of these investigations has been to determine if there are any decisive differences between Sweden and the UK with regard to the regulatory circumstances surrounding the use of object specific map projections. The result of this comparison is that there are no substantial differences that would make the use of Snake Grid or other object specific map projections less suitable in Sweden. The usage of object specific projections in railway projects would however require exemptions from or changes to the current Swedish railway regulations.
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McDonough, Alison Elizabeth. "Snake cube puzzles Hamilton paths in grid graphs /." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/8922.

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Books on the topic "Snake Grid"

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Animals, Cuddly. Notebook: 109 Pages A5 - Dotted Grid Page - Dot Grid Pages - Journal - Great Gift for Kids and Friends - a Great Gift Idea for the First Day of School - Cute Funny Snake. Independently Published, 2019.

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Animals, Cuddly. Notebook: 109 Pages A5 - Dotted Grid Page - Dot Grid Pages - Journal - Great Gift for Kids and Friends - a Great Gift Idea for the First Day of School - Cute Funny Phyton Snake. Independently Published, 2019.

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Animals, Cuddly. Notebook: 109 Pages A5 - Grid Paper - Graph Paper - Quad Ruled - Great Gift for Kids and Friends - a Great Gift Idea for the First Day of School - Cute Funny Snake. Independently Published, 2019.

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American Snake Pit: Hope, Grit, and Resilience in the Wake of Willowbrook. Stillhouse Press, 2018.

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Out of the Snare: Escaping the Grip of Eating Disorders & Addiction. Recovery Communications, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Snake Grid"

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Szabó, István. "Historical Aspects of Rhythm Notation and Rhythm Sequences." In Studies in Music Pedagogy - The Methodological Revitalisation of Music Education. University of Debrecen Faculty of Music, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5434/9789634902263/12.

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For percussionists, rhythm notation represents more than a mere temporal sequence of music; it also assists the selection and execution of the appropriate technique. This musical execution is often dependent on the percussion instrument, although it is safe to argue that the movement sequence when sounding an instrument is independent of its size and proportions. Starting from the first beats, it is as crucial to learn and master movement routines as it is to understand and feel the time between notes, since these together enable one to play out rhythm notation precisely and internalise the correct motor processes. Applying the adequate movement sequences during the learning process consciously could result in substantial self-control abilities, which can also be utilised during practice. In the past centuries, the style of percussionists’ performance has transformed substantially due to the evolution of instruments and mallets, as well as performers’ efforts towards faster tempos. In this study, a brief overview on the history of percussion instruments is followed by the presentation of the technical evolution and milestones of how snare drums and other drums are played. When practicing percussion instruments, we must bear in mind the vast contribution of percussionists from bygone centuries, who laid the foundations of modern-day techniques either in wars or for others’ entertainment. Keywords: tabor, snare drum, traditional grip, rudimental
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Fant, Clyde E., and Mitchell G. Reddish. "Rhodes." In A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139174.003.0021.

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Nearly two million visitors a year come to the historic island of Rhodes to enjoy its sun, beaches, and famous medieval city. Rhodes is the largest island of the Dodecanese, or Twelve Islands, although there are actually two hundred small islands that compose the group. Historically it was the home of the world-renowned Colossus of Rhodes, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. It is also mentioned in the Bible as one of the ports visited by the boat carrying the Apostle Paul to Jerusalem on his return from his third, and last, missionary journey. The island of Rhodes lies much closer to Turkey than to Greece, but it can be easily reached by frequent flights from Athens or by ferry from Piraeus (14 hours), the port of Athens; from Kusadasi through Samos (6 hours); or from Bodrum, Marmaris, or Fethiye (between 1½ and 2 hours). Flights are also available from Thessaloniki and Crete, and in summer from Santorini and Mykonos as well. Because of its favorable location close to the shoreline of Asia Minor and between Greece and Israel, Rhodes was favored for development in antiquity. Both its eastern and western ports were frequented by traders and merchants, and numerous ancient writers mention it as a place of both economic and cultural achievement. In the 4th century B.C.E. Rhodes even surpassed Athens as a center for trade and commerce. The island also became renowned for its school of rhetoric, founded in 324 B.C.E., at which such distinguished Romans as Cicero, Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Tiberius studied. Famous citizens of Rhodes included the poet Apollonios and the sculptors Pythocretes (who created the famed Nike of Samothrace, which was dedicated by the citizens of Rhodes to commemorate their victory over Antiochus III in 190 B.C.E.) and Chares of Lindos (sculptor of the Colossus of Rhodes). The world-famous Laocoön, a sculpture that depicts the priest of Apollo and his children in the grip of two great snakes, was produced by three sculptors from Rhodes, Agesander, Athinodoros, and Polydoros.
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Conference papers on the topic "Snake Grid"

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Cannataro, Mario, Pietro H. Guzzi, Marcelo Lobosco, and Rodrigo Weber dos Santos. "GridSnake: A Grid-based implementation of the Snake segmentation algorithm." In 2009 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbms.2009.5255424.

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Huq, Shafik, Besma Abidi, Ardeshir Goshtasby, and Mongi A. Abidi. "Stereo matching with energy-minimizing snake grid for 3D face modeling." In Defense and Security, edited by Anil K. Jain and Nalini K. Ratha. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.542471.

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Gupta, Siddharth, Guy Sa'ar, and Meirav Zehavi. "The Parameterized Complexity of Motion Planning for Snake-Like Robots." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/786.

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We study a motion-planning problem inspired by the game Snake that models scenarios like the transportation of linked wagons towed by a locomotor to the movement of a group of agents that travel in an ``ant-like'' fashion. Given a ``snake-like'' robot with initial and final positions in an environment modeled by a graph, our goal is to decide whether the robot can reach the final position from the initial position without intersecting itself. Already on grid graphs, this problem is PSPACE-complete [Biasi and Ophelders, 2018]. Nevertheless, we prove that even on general graphs, it is solvable in time k^{O(k)}|I|^{O(1)} where k is the size of the robot, and |I| is the input size. Towards this, we give a novel application of color-coding to sparsify the configuration graph of the problem. We also show that the problem is unlikely to have a polynomial kernel even on grid graphs, but it admits a treewidth-reduction procedure. To the best of our knowledge, the study of the parameterized complexity of motion problems has been~largely~neglected, thus our work is pioneering in this regard.
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Bing, Zhenshan, Christian Lemke, Zhuangyi Jiang, Kai Huang, and Alois Knoll. "Energy-Efficient Slithering Gait Exploration for a Snake-Like Robot Based on Reinforcement Learning." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/785.

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Similar to their counterparts in nature, the flexible bodies of snake-like robots enhance their movement capability and adaptability in diverse environments. However, this flexibility corresponds to a complex control task involving highly redundant degrees of freedom, where traditional model-based methods usually fail to propel the robots energy-efficiently. In this work, we present a novel approach for designing an energy-efficient slithering gait for a snake-like robot using a model-free reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm. Specifically, we present an RL-based controller for generating locomotion gaits at a wide range of velocities, which is trained using the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm. Meanwhile, a traditional parameterized gait controller is presented and the parameter sets are optimized using the grid search and Bayesian optimization algorithms for the purposes of reasonable comparisons. Based on the analysis of the simulation results, we demonstrate that this RL-based controller exhibits very natural and adaptive movements, which are also substantially more energy-efficient than the gaits generated by the parameterized controller. Videos are shown at https://videoviewsite.wixsite.com/rlsnake .
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Cardenas-Herrera, Luz, Daniel Icaza, Fernando Mejia-Nova, Rolando Ayaqui, and Carlos Mejia-Cardenas. "Snake Hunting System Supplied with Solar Energy in the Ecuadorial Forest for Strictly Curative Purposes, Promoting Ancestral Knowledge, Natural Medicine and Indigenous Cultural Products from Rural Areas. Case Study: Peru." In 2020 8th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmartgrid49881.2020.9144781.

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Broglia, R., S. Zaghi, E. F. Campana, et al. "CFD Validation for DELFT 372 Catamaran in Static Drift Conditions, Including Onset and Progression Analysis." In SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-146.

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This paper presents CFD validation efforts for the high-speed, multihull Delft Catamaran 372 advancing in calm water with steady drift angles. Available experimental data include hydrodynamic loads (from BSHC), sinkage and trim measurements (from BSHC and CNR-INSEAN), and stereo-PIV measurements on several transverse planes (from CNR-INSEAN). Three organizations from three countries have conducted unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) or Detached Eddy Simulations (DES) by using their own codes: CNR-INSEAN using Xnavis; IIHR, The University of Iowa using CFDShip-Iowa and CNRS/ECN using ISIS. Computations have been made using different grid strategies (structured grid with overlap, unstructured grid with or without an automatic mesh refinement (AMR)), several turbulence models (the isotropic one equation Spalart-Allmaras model, the anisotropic two equations Shear Stress Transport (SST) k and Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model (EARSM) models, and Detached Eddy Simulations) and different free surface approaches (single phase level set (LS) and volume of fluid (VoF)). Comparisons are made in terms of hydrodynamics loads, local quantities in separated vortex cores (i.e. axial vorticity, axial velocity, position of the vortex and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE)), planar data (velocity field, axial vorticity field and TKE on selected planes) and wave patterns. Discussions and comparisons on the onset and progression of the separated vortical structures are presented. In general computational results have shown that the main features of the separated flow field are well captured by all the computations. No large differences between submissions can be inferred from the cross planar fields; effects of grid resolution and turbulence model have been investigated by the vortex analysis. Grid resolution effects are dominant in the onset region; only very refined grids (total of order of 100M of grid points or using an AMR technique) are able to provide field quantities closer to EFD data. Turbulence model effects are dominant in the progression of the main vortices, with DES simulations and RANS based on non-isotropic models proved to be superior (stronger and less dissipated vortices) than one equation isotropic models. In terms of hydrodynamic loads, a general good agreement between the submissions has been observed (standard deviation on the resistance prediction of about 3.5%). Similar differences between CFD have been seen for the lateral force prediction, whereas larger discrepancy is observed for the yaw moment estimation (about 7%). The comparison with measured data reveals a rather large overall error (of the order of 15%). However, EFD values where collected for different conditions and a larger model; reference values have been obtained by an interpolation procedure on speed/drift plane, whereas no Reynolds number correction was considered. Differences due to grid resolution and the model adopted for the description of the free surface have been also investigated; very fine grids are required to capture wave breaking and rebounds phenomena. Both single phase LS and VoF approaches are able to capture wave induced vortices, some differences are seen in their progression; the VOF method shows the formation of foam close to the free surface region, whereas the LS provides a long life vortices.
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Cheater, Brian James. "The Eco Power System - A GWH Class Underwater Compressed Air Energy Storage System." In SNAME 26th Offshore Symposium. SNAME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/tos-2021-10.

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Energy storage will be essential for grid stability as an increasing amount of intermittent renewable energy (such as offshore wind or solar) is brought on-line. Currently accepted storage solutions are limited by opportunity (pumped hydro) or by limitations on strategic materials such as vanadium, cobalt and lithium. The ECO system does not suffer from these limitations and it is scalable into the gigawatt-hour ange using an extrapolation of available offshore technology at a cost low enough to be financially viable using just arbitrage on the daily retail energy market using any combination of wind and solar power. Beyond this, the system has the potential to scale up to provide strategic levels of grid storage for longer averaging periods. This paper will present the technical design of an efficient and viable offshore compressed air energy system.
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Pontaza, Juan P., Hamn-Ching Chen, and Chia-Rong Chen. "Numerical Simulations of Riser Vortex-Induced Vibrations." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2005-d52.

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Vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) is an important design consideration for marine risers in offshore drilling and production. In an effort to better understand the VIV phenomena, we present numerical simulation results for two-dimensional incompressible flow past freely vibrating multi-cylinder configurations found in offshore engineering. Of interest is the response of the structure for low mass ratio, low damping, and high Reynolds number flow conditions. The governing incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved and time-integrated using a local-analytic-based discretization procedure, implemented in conjunction with overset (Chimera) grid capabilities for zonal-based resolution of the flow field.
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Swidan, Ahmed, Giles Thomas, Dev Ranmuthugala, et al. "Prediction of Slamming Loads on Catamaran Wetdeck Using CFD." In SNAME 13th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/fast-2015-039.

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Wetdeck slamming is one of the principal hydrodynamic loads acting on catamarans. CFD techniques are shown to successfully characterise wetdeck slamming loads, as validated through a series of controlled-speed drop tests on a three-dimensional catamaran hullform model. Simulation of water entry at constant speed by applying a fixed grid method was found to be more computationally efficient than applying an overset grid. However, the overset grid method for implementing the exact transient velocity profile resulted in better prediction of slam force magnitude. In addition the splitting force concurrent with wetdeck slam event was quantified to be 21% of the vertical slamming force.
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Abdel-Maksoud, Moustafa, Volker Müller, Tao Xing, et al. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Flow Characteristics of the KVLCC2 at 30° Drift Angl." In SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-158.

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Investigations of flow characteristics around ship hulls at large drift angle are very important for understanding the motion behavior of ships during maneuvers. At large drift angles, the flow is dominated by strong vortical structures and complex three-dimensional separations. An accurate prediction of these flow structures is still a challenge for modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers. Hull forms with high block coefficients are blunt and have strong curvatures, which leads to large area flow separations over smooth surfaces. These areas are sensitive to the relative angle between the flow and the ship motion direction. The paper is concerned with a collaborative computational study of the flow behavior around a double model of KVLCC2 at 30 degrees drift angle and Fr=0 condition, including analysis of numerical methods, turbulence modeling and grid resolution, and their effects on the mean flow and separation onset as well as formation of the vortical structures. This research is an outcome of a multi-year collaboration of five research partners from four countries. The overall approach adopted for the present study combines the advantages of CFD and EFD with the ultimate goal of capturing the salient details of the flow around the bluff hull form. The experiments were performed at the low - speed wind tunnel of the Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH). The main features of the global and local flow were captured in the experimental study. To determine the global flow characteristics, two different flow visualization techniques were used. The first one is a smoke test, which allows the visualization of vortex structures in vicinity of the ship model. The second test is a classic oil film method, which yields the direction of the limiting wall streamlines on the surface of the model. The analysis of the experimental results helped identify the separation zones on the ship model. To resolve the local flow-fields, LDA and PIV measurements were carried out in a selected number of measuring sections. Subsequently, the EFD and CFD results for the global and local flow structures were compared and analyzed. The numerical simulations were carried out by 5 institutions: Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research of the University of Iowa (IIHR), USA, Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN), The Netherlands, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Germany, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) West Bethesda, USA and Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI), Sweden. For the comparison with the experimental results, seven submissions of steady and unsteady CFD results are included in the present study. The participating codes include CFDShip-Iowa, ReFRESCO, FreSCo+, Edge, OpenFOAM (FOI) and NavyFoam. The size of the computational grids varies between 11 and 202 million control volumes or nodes. The influence of turbulence modeling on the predicted flow is studied by a wide variety of models such as isotropic eddy viscosity models of k-w family, Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model (EARSM), hybrid RANS-LES (DES), and LES. Despite notable differences in the grid resolutions, numerical methods, and turbulence models, the global features of the flow are closely captured by the computations. Noticeable differences among the computations are found in the details of the local flow such as the vortex strength and the location and extent of the flow separations.
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