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Journal articles on the topic 'Snake'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Khoerunisa, Ira, Mirza Dikari Kusrini, and Ani Mardiasturi. "DIVERSITY OF SNAKE RESCUED FROM RESIDENTIAL AREAS IN GREATER JAKARTA METROPOLITAN AREA, INDONESIA." Media Konservasi 26, no. 3 (2022): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/medkon.26.3.231-238.

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Development and habitat loss in Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area affected snakes and forced them to adapt in urban areas. Snakes in residential areas might increase encounter rate with humans which lead to human-snake conflict. The objectives of this research were to identify the diversity of snakes in residential areas based on rescue effort and to documents effort of those organizations on how to mitigate human-snake conflict through snake relocation. From 2015-2019, 37 snake species were reported found around residential areas in Jakarta Metropolitan Area. Javan spitting cobra Naja sputatr

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Kabir, Ashraful. "Biography of a snake charmer in Saidpur, Bangladesh." MOJ Biology and Medicine 3, no. 4 (2018): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2018.03.00090.

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Though Saidpur Upazila under Nilphamari district is very small but here pigeonry, goat rearing, herbal treatments, circus team, monkey charmer, horse race and snake charmers are available. Snake charmers are not living well in this modern era. Their kids are not safe at home for snake rearing. In Savar, Dhaka there is a snake market where some tribal people buy it as food. People who are engaged with snake catching and snake-based superstitions go to that market. They support medical science and are waiting to get a good job. Who take snakes as food they say its meat is very hot. Depending on

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Manjarrez, Javier, Martha Pacheco-Tinoco, and Crystian S. Venegas-Barrera. "Intraspecific variation in the diet of the Mexican garter snakeThamnophis eques." PeerJ 5 (November 14, 2017): e4036. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4036.

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The Mexican Garter Snake (Thamnophis eques)is a terrestrial-aquatic generalist that feeds on both aquatic and terrestrial prey. We describe size-related variation and sexual variation in the diet ofT. equesthrough analysis of 262 samples of identifiable stomach contents in snakes from 23 locations on the Mexican Plateau. The snakeT. equeswe studied consumed mostly fish, followed in lesser amounts by leeches, earthworms, frogs, and tadpoles. Correspondence analysis suggested that the frequency of consumption of various prey items differed between the categories of age but not between sex of sna

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Hossain, Md Sakhawat, Md Abu Saeed, Md Farid Ahsan, et al. "Present Status, Challenges and Prospects of Snake Farming in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 50, no. 1 (2022): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v50i1.60096.

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Venomous snakes are one of the most dreadful animals globally that kill their victims by injecting venoms (toxic substances) using fangs. However, snakes are being used for numerous vital life-saving purposes, including antivenom and traditional medicines, pain killers, cancer treatment, cardiac arrest, paralysis, arthritis, anti-ageing, and cosmetics to leather products, foods, display and research. This study was conducted to investigate the current status, challenges and prospects of snake farming in Bangladesh using self-structured questionnaires surveys. In this study, in total, 281 snake

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Lashgari, Mojtaba, Abhirup Banerjee, and Hossein Rabbani. "Splitting and Merging for Active Contours: Plug-and-Play." Mathematics 13, no. 6 (2025): 991. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13060991.

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This study tackles the challenge of splitting and merging in parametric active contours or snakes. The proposed method comprises three stages: (1) fully 4-connected interpolation, (2) snake splitting, and (3) snakes merging. For this purpose, first, the coordinates of snake points are separated into two corrupted 1D signals, with missing X/Y samples in the signals representing missing snakes’ coordinates. These missing X/Y samples are estimated using a constrained Tikhonov regularisation model, ensuring fully 4-connected snakes. Next, crossing points are identified by plotting snake points ont

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R, Roshnath. "SNAKE RESCUES; A CONSERVATION EFFORT IN KANNUR DISTRICT." Kongunadu Research Journal 4, no. 1 (2017): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj193.

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Snakes can be found near human habitation because of different reasons of which abundance of prey (rodents) is the major fact. This draws conflict between snakes and humans. Even though snakes are protected with Indian Wildlife Act of 1972, they are generally regarded dangerous creatures to man and whenever spotted deserve no mercy. Hence, recues of the snake is an important factor for conserving the species. Trends in the population of snakes are difficult to monitor due to its sporadic distribution and secretive nature of snakes. Lack of knowledge about the population concerns any conservati

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S.T., Bhong, Pathan T.S., and Kudale S.R. "Study of Ophio Fauna in and Around Indapur of Pune District, Maharashtra, India." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 02 (2022): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i02.080.

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One of the most widely distributed vertebrates on the planet, snakes tend to prefer arid regions due to their diversity. The present paper deals with geographical, ecological distribution and biodiversity of snakes in the area of Indapur tehsil district Pune, India. The present investigation was undertaken to study the diversity of Ophio fauna from Indapur tehsil Pune district. In this study there was 15 species of snakes belonging to 14 genera, 5 families. In which Colubridae is most diverse snakes family from Indapur tehsil. The findings indicated that there are 15 species of snakes from 5 f

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Chandrachood, Mandar V., and Snehal P. Chavhan. "Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding snakes and snake bite among students of industrial training institute in tribal area of Maharashtra." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 5 (2020): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202009.

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Background: Snake bite is an important public health issue and an occupational hazard in India often faced by farmers and villagers. Most vulnerable are people in rural and tribal area but they are poorly informed about the snake bite. This study was undertaken with objective of assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding snakes and snake bite among students of Industrial Training Institute (ITI) in tribal area. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in all students of the institute to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding snakes and snake bite. Data was

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Rowe, Matthew, Donald Owings, Diane McKernon, Patricia Arrowood, and Richard Coss. "SNAKE-DIRECTED ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR OF ROCK SQUIRRELS (SPERMOPHILUS VARIEGATUS): POPULATION DIFFERENCES AND SNAKE-SPECIES DISCRIMINATION." Behaviour 138, no. 5 (2001): 575–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853901316924485.

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AbstractThe purposes of this study were: (1) to describe the snake-directed antipredator behavior of rock squirrels; (2) to assess whether rock squirrels distinguish nonvenomous gopher snakes from venomous rattlesnakes; (3) to compare antisnake behavior in a snake-rare urban site and a snake-abundant wilderness site as a means of assessing whether natural selection or experience has generated population differences in behavior; (4) to assess snake densities in the two study sites; (5) to compare the antisnake behavior of rock squirrels with that of their closest relatives, California ground sq

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Fattakhovna, Ilimbetova Azaliya. "“Healer Snake” in the Bashkir mythological and ritual tradition." Turkic Studies Journal 4, no. 1 (2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2022-1-25-33.

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In the oral tradition and everyday rituals of the Bashkirs, the snake, as the first ancestor and patroness, acts as a healer of people. In Bashkir folklore, beneficent snakes resurrect heroes cut into pieces, restore their sight and give advice on how to revive a person. The Bashkirs believed that at home, yards where snakes live, diseases are bypassed. In the mystical views and magical practice of the Bashkirs, healing properties were attributed to individual parts of the snake body. So, the Bashkirs, when abscesses appeared under the nails, applied a snake crawl to the sore spot. Snake skin

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Ayunda Pratiska, I. Gusti Putu, Ida Bagus Made Suaskara, Joko Wiryatno, and I. Gede Agus Pradana Putra. "INVENTARISASI JENIS – JENIS ULAR YANG DITEMUKAN DI SEKITAR PANTAI MERTA SARI DAN PADANG GALAK." SIMBIOSIS Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 2 (2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jsimbiosis.2017.v05.i02.p07.

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Sea snakes have a strong venom and when they bite can be fatal for humans, whereas snakes found in mangrove areas are weak venomous snakes and non-venomous snakes (McKay, 2006). The low understanding public aboutthe snakes has led to the assumption that any snakes found are dangerous, so research needs to be done in order to provide information on the types of venomous and non-venomous snakes present in coastal areas and around mangrove forest areas. This research was conducted from early January to the end of January located around Merta Sari Beach to Padang Galak. The method used is the meth

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Uyeda, Linda T., Ardiantiono Ardiantiono, Entang Iskandar, Aaron J. Wirsing, and Randall C. Kyes. "Snakebite Envenomation, Attitudes, and Behavior toward Snakes in Banten, Indonesia." Animals 12, no. 16 (2022): 2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12162051.

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Snakes are commonly associated with feelings of anxiety or disgust, and snake conservation is often hindered by negative attitudes and perceptions. Although global snake populations are generally in decline, snakebite envenomation (SBE) continues to be recognized as a serious public health issue, particularly in rural areas of tropical and subtropical countries. Data on SBE, a neglected tropical disease, are lacking, and Indonesia, a hotspot of venomous snake diversity, has no snake bite reporting system. We analyzed 127 survey results in Banten, Indonesia with the aim of documenting SBE and e

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Clark, Carl H., E. D. Rogers, and J. L. Milton. "Plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol in snakes." American Journal of Veterinary Research 46, no. 12 (1985): 2654–57. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1985.46.12.2654.

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SUMMARY Plasma chloramphenicol concentrations after a subcutaneous injection were studied in 87 snakes of 16 different species. The biological half-life of chloramphenicol varied from 3.3 hours in the indigo snake (Drymarchon corais couperi) to 22.1 hours in the midland water snake (Nerodia sipedon). A single dosage of 50 mg of chloramphenicol/kg of body weight produced plasma concentrations > 5 μg/ml for nearly 72 hours in 2 species of water snakes (Nerodia erythrogaster, Nerodia sipedon), for 24 hours in the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus), and for < 12 hours in the gray rat

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Putri, Valerie Brilianda, Setiawan Koesdarto, Aditya Yudhana, et al. "First Report of Blood Protozoa Infection in Wild-Caught Asian Vine Snake (Ahaetulla prasina)." Journal of Basic Medical Veterinary 14, no. 1 (2025): 104–10. https://doi.org/10.20473/jbmv.v14i1.69671.

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The Asian vine snake (Ahaetulla prasina) is an arboreal snake that can inhabit various types of trees in both lowland and highland areas. Based on its habitat, the Asian vine snake has a high potential to be infected by parasites. One of the parasitic diseases that can infect snakes is blood protozoa, which have the potential to be zoonotic. It can be transmitted between animals and humans through food contamination due to environmental pollution by snake feces which contain infective stage of protozoa. Clinical symptoms of this infection include lethargy, dehydration, and anorexia, which are

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Rayhani, Fahira Salima, Herlina Agustin, and Gumgum Gumilar. "Perspectives of Snake Owners in Indonesia on Understanding Information about Snakes and Snakebites." JURNAL LENSA MUTIARA KOMUNIKASI 8, no. 2 (2024): 117–28. https://doi.org/10.51544/jlmk.v8i2.5602.

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This study uses a mixed-methods approach to examine the perspectives of snake owners in Indonesia regarding snakes, venomous species, and snakebite management. A survey was distributed to 1,109 respondents, with 109 participants) forming the core group for analysis. The research aims to assess snake owners’ knowledge about venomous snakes, handling snakebites, and myths surrounding these reptiles. Findings indicate that while the public generally fears snakes, many reptile enthusiasts in Indonesia keep snakes as pets for reasons such as hobby, conservation, and education. However, a significan

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Stefano, Bovero, and Trovò Paola Viviana. "Into the Deep: Diving Record for the Dice Snake Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) in Lake Orta, NW Italy." IgMin Research 2, no. 5 (2024): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.61927/igmin179.

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Many snakes live close to water, with several groups displaying morphological, physiological, or behavioral adaptions to aquatic environments. Although marine snakes have been found at depths beyond 200 m, freshwater snakes are rarely reported at depths larger than a few meters. Here we report freshwater depth records for the dice snake Natrix tessellata, an aquatic snake belonging to the family Natricidae. Dice snake was observed at depths down to 17 m, including in habitats below the thermocline, in Lake Orta (Northern Italy). These observations open new perspectives related to the biology a

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Fuentes Magallón, Rogemif, Melquiades Castillo, Edmundo Belton, Eduardo Zambrano, Helio Quintero-Arrieta, and Abel Batista. "Dead snake! A strategy for survival: Thanatosis in some Panamanian snakes with a review of death-feigning in American snakes." Reptiles & Amphibians 28, no. 3 (2021): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v28i3.15753.

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Thanatosis (pretending to be dead), sometimes called letisimulation, is widely used as an anti-predator strategy by snakes. Herein we report six cases of death-feigning in six species of Panamanian snakes (Dark-headed Red Falseboa, Pseudoboa neuwiedii; Double-banded False Coralsnake, Erythrolamprus bizona; Forest Flamesnake, Oxyrhopus petolarius; Rufous-headed Snake, Amastridium veliferum; Colombian Long-tailed Snake, Enuliophis sclateri; and Pacific Banded Coffee Snake, Ninia maculata). We also present a literature review of thanatosis in American snakes and discuss the terminology associated

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Pathak, Ishan, and Chandra Metgud. "Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding snakes and snake bite among rural adult of Belagavi, Karnataka." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 12 (2017): 4527. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175324.

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Background: India is home to over 270 species of snakes, including 60 venomous. Belagavi, set in foothills of Western Ghats, is home to four major venomous snakes viz. Russell’ s viper, spectacled cobra, common krait and saw scaled viper. Surveys suggest that around half of the snake bite related deaths take place in India and are largely avoidable and treatable. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Snakes and Snake bite among adult in a rural area of Belagavi, Karnataka.Methods: This community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 4

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A. S. Jadhav, R. K. Chittora, and N. C. Upreti. "Diversity and Distribution of Snakes in and around Solapur District of Maharashtra." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, Suppl. (2024): S537—S542. https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i06s.077.

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Snakes are one of the widest spread vertebrates on the globe, mostly they prefer arid zone of the globe in terms of diversity. Collected data are based on reports from volunteers, snake friends and rescuers for the period of two years which is from 2018-2020 and 20 species of snakes reported from in and around Solapur district of Maharashtra, of that 6 species were venomous and 14 were semi-venomous and non-venomous from 6 families namely Elapidae, Viperidae, Colubridae, Natricidae, Erycidae and Sibynophiidae were found. Major five venomous species, i.e. Spectacled Cobra, Russell’s viper, Comm

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Fu, Qiyuan, and Chen Li. "Robotic modelling of snake traversing large, smooth obstacles reveals stability benefits of body compliance." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 2 (2020): 191192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191192.

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Snakes can move through almost any terrain. Although their locomotion on flat surfaces using planar gaits is inherently stable, when snakes deform their body out of plane to traverse complex terrain, maintaining stability becomes a challenge. On trees and desert dunes, snakes grip branches or brace against depressed sand for stability. However, how they stably surmount obstacles like boulders too large and smooth to gain such ‘anchor points’ is less understood. Similarly, snake robots are challenged to stably traverse large, smooth obstacles for search and rescue and building inspection. Our r

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Goldingay, Ross L. "Can a common snake provide conservation insights?" Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 4 (2018): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo18079.

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The small-eyed snake (Cryptophis nigrescens) is a common non-threatened species in eastern Australia. It coexists with the threatened broad-headed snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides), a species adversely affected by habitat disturbance and subject to poaching. The small-eyed snake is a habitat generalist and not subject to poaching. It may prey on other snakes, including the broad-headed snake, and, like the broad-headed snake, may shelter under thermally favourable loose rocks during the cooler months of the year. This may lead to interactions between these species due to the limited availabili

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Dewangga, Dhiya Ulhaq, Adiwijaya Adiwijaya, and Dody Qori Utama. "Identifikasi Citra berdasarkan Gigitan Ular menggunakan Metode Active Contour Model dan Support Vector Machine." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 3, no. 4 (2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v3i4.1409.

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Tropical countries have a warm and humid climate are suitable habitat for the lives of reptile animals, especially snakes. Snakes are a type of reptile animal that is widely found in tropical countries, especially in Indonesia. The worst thing that happens when meeting a snake is the bite of snake. If the bite comes from a venomous snake it can cause a more serious problem than the bite from non-venomous snake is, which can cause paralysis, disability, and the worst is death. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) an estimated 5.4 million people are bitten by snakes each year with al

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Howell, Tiffani Josey, Clifford Warwick, and Pauleen C. Bennett. "Self-reported snake management practices among owners in Victoria, Australia." Veterinary Record 187, no. 3 (2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105409.

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BackgroundA large number of snakes are kept as pets in Western societies. Few studies have been undertaken to assess keeping practices of snakes by private owners in Australia. Therefore, there is concern that some owners may not understand even basic husbandry requirements. The aim of this preliminary study was to identify the most common practices used by snake owners in Victoria, Australia.MethodAn online survey asked 251 snake owners to describe ways in which they attempt to meet their snake’s environmental, behavioural, dietary, social and health needs.ResultsFewer than half of participan

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HUSSAIN, IFTIKHAR. "BRAIN DEATH CRITERIA." Professional Medical Journal 16, no. 03 (2009): 469–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2009.16.03.2886.

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Snake bite is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. It is estimated that each year snake bite is responsible for 30,000 to 40,000 deaths world wide1. Most snake bites are innocuous and are delivered by non poisonous species. There are 15% of the more than 3000 species of snakes, which are considered dangerous to humans2. The family Viperidae (Pit vipers) is the largest family of venomous snakes

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Pamungkas, Yoga Widi, Adiwijaya Adiwijaya, and Dody Qori Utama. "Klasifikasi Gambar Gigitan Ular Menggunakan Regionprops dan Algoritma Decision Tree." Jurnal Sistem Komputer dan Informatika (JSON) 1, no. 2 (2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/json.v1i2.1789.

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Indonesia has a high biodiversity of snakes. Snake species that exist throughout Indonesia, consisting of venomous and non-venomous snakes. One of the dangers that can be posed by snakes is the bite of several types of deadly snakes. Snake bite cases recorded in Indonesia are quite high with not a few fatalities. Most of the deaths caused by snakebite occur due to errors in the handling procedure for the bite wound. This problem can be overcome one of them if we know how to classify snake bite wounds, whether venomous or non-venomous. In this study, a classification system for snake bite wound

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Durand, Jonas, Arnaud Legrand, Mélodie Tort, et al. "Effects of geographic isolation on anti-snakes responses in the wall lizard, Podarcis muralis." Amphibia-Reptilia 33, no. 2 (2012): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853812x636448.

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Alteration in anti-predatory behaviour following geographic isolation has been observed in a number of taxa. Such alteration was attributed to the effect of relaxed selection in the novel environment, reinforced by the cost of anti-predatory behaviours. We studied aspects of anti-snake behaviour in 987 adult and juvenile wall lizards Podarcis muralis from two mainland areas (heavy snake predatory pressure) and two islands (low snake predatory pressure), isolated from the mainland 5000 and 7000 years ago. We conducted a scented retreat site choice experiment using the odours of five different s

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Asad, Sami, Shi Teng Ng, Julsun Sikui, and Mark-Oliver Rödel. "Variable detectability and El-Niño associations with riparian snakes in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo." Journal of Tropical Ecology 38, no. 1 (2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467421000468.

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AbstractAlthough snake populations are suffering numerous local declines, determining the scale of these declines is problematic due to the elusive nature of snakes. Determining the factors associated with species detection is therefore essential for quantifying disturbance effects on populations. From 2017 to 2019, we assessed the detectability associations of five river-associated snake species and all snake detections in general within two logging concessions in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Data collected from both stream transects and visual encounter surveys at 47 stream sites were incorporat

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Alharbi, Hibah A., lujain M. Alabbas, Raghad I. Sumnudi, Shaima Felemban, and Yosra Alhindi. "A Review on Anti-Thrombotic Agents Derived from Snake Venom Protein." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (2022): 948–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167948.

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Background: Snakes have always attracted scientists and it caused awe and fear because of the harmful strength of its toxins and the components of various toxins from one snake to another. In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) listed snake venom as a neglected high-priority disease, with snakes causing up to 2.7 million venomous bites, nearly 100,000 victims, and nearly three times the number of human disabilities. Objective: i- Snake venom background and therapeutics properties ii- The effects of snake bite iii- the mechanism of haemostasis iv- Types of antithrombotic agents derived fr

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Ahmad, Syed Farhan, Worapong Singchat, Thitipong Panthum, and Kornsorn Srikulnath. "Impact of Repetitive DNA Elements on Snake Genome Biology and Evolution." Cells 10, no. 7 (2021): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071707.

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The distinctive biology and unique evolutionary features of snakes make them fascinating model systems to elucidate how genomes evolve and how variation at the genomic level is interlinked with phenotypic-level evolution. Similar to other eukaryotic genomes, large proportions of snake genomes contain repetitive DNA, including transposable elements (TEs) and satellite repeats. The importance of repetitive DNA and its structural and functional role in the snake genome, remain unclear. This review highlights the major types of repeats and their proportions in snake genomes, reflecting the high di

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Salim, Anika, Jarred Williams, Jose R. Almeida, et al. "Challenges in rescuing snakes to protect human lives and promote snake conservation in Tamil Nadu, India." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 18, no. 9 (2024): e0012516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012516.

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Background Human-snake conflicts are common worldwide, often resulting in snakebites. Snakebite envenoming causes over 125,000 deaths and 400,000 permanent disabilities worldwide every year. India alone accounts for an average of ~58,000 annual snakebite-induced deaths. As human developments rapidly expand into suburban and rural areas, snakes are being displaced and incidences of residents finding snakes within their dwellings are increasing. Most people have an innate fear of snakes, compounded by centuries of negative influence from culture and mythology manifesting in people often attempti

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Mcalees, Trudi J., and Linda A. Abraham. "Australian elapid snake envenomation in cats: Clinical priorities and approach." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 11 (2017): 1131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x17735761.

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Practical relevance: No fewer than 140 species of terrestrial snakes reside in Australia, 92 of which possess venom glands. With the exception of the brown tree snake, the venom-producing snakes belong to the family Elapidae. The venom of a number of elapid species is more toxic than that of the Indian cobra and eastern diamondback rattle snake, which has earned Australia its reputation for being home to the world’s most venomous snakes. Clinical challenges: The diagnosis of elapid snake envenomation is not always easy. Identification of Australian snakes is not straightforward and there are n

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Köppel, C., and F. Martens. "Clinical Experience in the Therapy of Bites from Exotic Snakes in Berlin." Human & Experimental Toxicology 11, no. 6 (1992): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719201100619.

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Since there are nearly no indigenous poisonous snakes in Germany, snake bites by poisonous snakes are rare. Most serious snake bites reported to poison information centres or treated at hospitals are caused by exotic snakes that are kept in private households. Only few types of antivenom are stored in emergency depots in Germany including polyvalent antivenoms from commercial sources. Since experience with the treatment of poisonous snake bites is limited, the records of the Intensive Care Unit and the Poison Information Centre of the Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow from 1980-1991 were eva

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Aust, Patrick W., Ngo Van Tri, Daniel J. D. Natusch, and Graham J. Alexander. "Asian snake farms: conservation curse or sustainable enterprise?" Oryx 51, no. 3 (2016): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060531600034x.

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AbstractSnake farming in Asia has increased over the past decade, and conservationists have expressed concerns that farms may foster overexploitation of wild populations and create legal conduits for illegally harvested wild individuals. We conducted face-to-face interviews with snake farmers in Viet Nam and China, with the aim of describing the basic models under which snakes are farmed for meat. We synthesized this information to assess the feasibility of farming snakes for human consumption, drawing conclusions about the impact of this industry on the conservation of wild snake populations.

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Suzuki, Toshitaka N. "Alarm calls evoke a visual search image of a predator in birds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 7 (2018): 1541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718884115.

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One of the core features of human speech is that words cause listeners to retrieve corresponding visual mental images. However, whether vocalizations similarly evoke mental images in animal communication systems is surprisingly unknown. Japanese tits (Parus minor) produce specific alarm calls when and only when encountering a predatory snake. Here, I show that simply hearing these calls causes tits to become more visually perceptive to objects resembling snakes. During playback of snake-specific alarm calls, tits approach a wooden stick being moved in a snake-like fashion. However, tits do not

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Cooper, J., and M. Cooper. "Snakes and snake-bite." Veterinary Record 129, no. 9 (1991): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.129.9.203.

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Peterson, Michael E. "Snake Bite: Coral Snakes." Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice 21, no. 4 (2006): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ctsap.2006.10.005.

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Reading, Christopher, and Gabriela Jofré. "Smooth snake population decline and its link with prey availability." Amphibia-Reptilia 41, no. 1 (2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-20191237.

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Abstract The relationship between the numbers of smooth snakes, Coronella austriaca, and common lizards, Zootoca vivipara, was investigated in a 6.5 ha area of lowland heath within Wareham Forest in southern England. With the exception of 2002 the numbers of lizards, small mammals and individual smooth snakes captured, or observed, were recorded during each of 21 annual surveys between May and October 1997-2018. Smooth snake diet was investigated annually between 2004 and 2015 by analysing faecal samples and showed that lizards, particularly the common lizard, and pigmy shrews, Sorex minutus,

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Durso, A. M., I. Bolon, A. R. Kleinhesselink, et al. "Crowdsourcing snake identification with online communities of professional herpetologists and avocational snake enthusiasts." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 1 (2021): 201273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201273.

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Species identification can be challenging for biologists, healthcare practitioners and members of the general public. Snakes are no exception, and the potential medical consequences of venomous snake misidentification can be significant. Here, we collected data on identification of 100 snake species by building a week-long online citizen science challenge which attracted more than 1000 participants from around the world. We show that a large community including both professional herpetologists and skilled avocational snake enthusiasts with the potential to quickly (less than 2 min) and accurat

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Onofre, Nuno, and Luís Sampaio. "Feeding Ecology of Short-Toed Snake-Eagle (Circaetus gallicus [Gmelin, 1788]) in the Montados of Iberian Peninsula." Silva Lusitana 28, no. 2 (2020): 155–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/silu/20202802139.

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The diet of Short-toed Snake-eagle (Circaetus gallicus) during the breeding season in an area dominated by cork and holm oak parkland forests (Montados) was analyzed in this study. As expected, results showed that snakes are the dominant prey in the diet of this eagle, comprising up to 92.5% of the identified items, if potential secondary prey species were excluded. The Montpellier Snake (Malpolon monspessulanus) was the most consumed one (42.2%), followed by the Ladder Snake (Zamenis scalaris) (28.0%), and the water snakes (Natrix spp.) (14.2%). According to the same criteria, lizards (mainly

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Fu, Qiyuan, Sean W. Gart, Thomas W. Mitchel, Jin Seob Kim, Gregory S. Chirikjian, and Chen Li. "Lateral Oscillation and Body Compliance Help Snakes and Snake Robots Stably Traverse Large, Smooth Obstacles." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 1 (2020): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa013.

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Abstract Snakes can move through almost any terrain. Similarly, snake robots hold the promise as a versatile platform to traverse complex environments such as earthquake rubble. Unlike snake locomotion on flat surfaces which is inherently stable, when snakes traverse complex terrain by deforming their body out of plane, it becomes challenging to maintain stability. Here, we review our recent progress in understanding how snakes and snake robots traverse large, smooth obstacles such as boulders and felled trees that lack “anchor points” for gripping or bracing. First, we discovered that the gen

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Ceron, Karoline, Cássia Vieira, Priscila Santos Carvalho, Juan Fernando Cuestas Carrillo, Jaqueline Alonso, and Diego José Santana. "Epidemiology of snake envenomation from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 9 (2021): e0009737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009737.

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Snake envenomation is considered a public health problem in tropical countries, where they occur in a high incidence. The present study reports the snake envenomation that occurred in Mato Grosso do Sul state (Brazil) between 2007 and 2017. Epidemiological data were obtained from the online platform of the Notification Disease Information System and were analyzed according to biome. A total of 5568 cases of snake envenomations were recorded during the study period, where the highest frequency was registered between October and April. The majority of envenomations occurred in working-age males

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Audini, Inggarsetya Syah, Lucia Tri Suwanti, Setiawan Koesdarto, and Emmanuel Djoko Poetranto. "Acanthocephalan in Xenochrophis piscator Snake in Sidoarjo Indonesia." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 6 (2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i6.1102.

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Xenochrophis piscator is a snake that often found in Indonesia, particularly in Java Island. Xenochrophis piscator is a non-venomous snake and often used for food, traditional medicine and as pets in Indonesia. Snakes can be infected by different types of parasites which are zoonotic. One of the zoonotic helminth infect snakes is acanthocephalan. Acanthocephalan can be transmitted to humans by ingesting snake products. We investigate the incidence of helminthiasis in X. piscator from snakes collector in Tulangan district, Sidoarjo, East Java. Parasites were collected from X. piscator organs. I

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Gomes, Cícera Maria, Karen de Morais-Zani, Stephen Lu, et al. "Differential transcript profile of inhibitors with potential anti-venom role in the liver of juvenile and adultBothrops jararacasnake." PeerJ 5 (April 27, 2017): e3203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3203.

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BackgroundSnakes belonging to theBothropsgenus are vastly distributed in Central and South America and are responsible for most cases of reported snake bites in Latin America. The clinical manifestations of the envenomation caused by this genus are due to three major activities—proteolytic, hemorrhagic and coagulant—mediated by metalloproteinases, serine proteinases, phospholipases A2and other toxic compounds present in snake venom. Interestingly, it was observed that snakes are resistant to the toxic effects of its own and other snake’s venoms. This natural immunity may occur due the absence

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Visvanathan, Avinash, Sandeep Anne, Aditya Kesav Kolli, and Sathwik Mohan Vangari. "Snakes of Telangana: An annotated checklist with new locality records and notes on natural history." Reptiles & Amphibians 29, no. 1 (2022): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v29i1.16316.

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With every growing human population and the resultant shrinkage of natural habitats, snakes are frequently encountered in and around human settlements, leading to widespread human-wildlife conflict. Conservation efforts involve rescue & relocation of 'stray' snakes, to mitigate snakebites, human deaths & snake mortality. We utilized snake rescue data of Friends of Snakes Society, Hyderabad, Telangana, recorded between the years 1995 and 2020, to present an annotated snake checklist for Telangana, along with their distribution. Further, opportunistic encounters and temporary captive car

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Bleicher, Sonny S., Joel S. Brown, Keren Embar, and Burt P. Kotler. "Novel predator recognition by Allenby's gerbil (Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi): do gerbils learn to respond to a snake that can “see” in the dark?" Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 62, no. 3-4 (2016): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15659801.2016.1176614.

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Unlike desert rodents from North America, Allenby's gerbil (Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi) from the Negev Desert, Israel has evolved with snakes that do not have heat-sensitive sensory pits that enhance night vision. Does this history affect their ability to assess and respond to a snake that has this ability? As a test, we exposed gerbils to risk of predation from various predators, including snakes, owls, and foxes. The snakes included the Saharan horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) and the sidewinder rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes). The former snake lacks sensory pits and shares a common evolut

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Puinongpo, Weerada, Worapong Singchat, Supaporn Petpradub, et al. "Existence of Bov-B LINE Retrotransposons in Snake Lineages Reveals Recent Multiple Horizontal Gene Transfers with Copy Number Variation." Genes 11, no. 11 (2020): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11111241.

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Transposable elements (TEs) are dynamic elements present in all eukaryotic genomes. They can “jump” and amplify within the genome and promote segmental genome rearrangements on both autosomes and sex chromosomes by disruption of gene structures. The Bovine-B long interspersed nuclear element (Bov-B LINE) is among the most abundant TE-retrotransposon families in vertebrates due to horizontal transfer (HT) among vertebrate lineages. Recent studies have shown multiple HTs or the presence of diverse Bov-B LINE groups in the snake lineage. It is hypothesized that Bov-B LINEs are highly dynamic and

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A, Athmika. "SNAKEBITE POISONING: Advances in treatment, Vaccination, and Management Strategies." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 11 (2024): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.64878.

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So, roughly 15% of the 3000 snake species discovered globally are thought to be harmful to humans. The eastern and western diamondback rattlesnakes cause the most fatalities. Snake poisoning deaths are more common in youngsters, the elderly, and those to whom antivenom is not supplied or is administered late or in insufficient quantities. Snake poisoning kills mostly young individuals between the ages of 17 and 27. Snakebites envenoming is mostly an occupational condition that can result in death or severe disability. The treatment is based on both the patient's history and a syndromic approac

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Gasso, V. Y., A. N. Hahut, S. V. Yermolenko, et al. "Local industrial pollution induces astrocyte cytoskeleton rearrangement in the dice snake brain: GFAP as a biomarker." Biosystems Diversity 28, no. 3 (2020): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012033.

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The present study was designed to evaluate the responsiveness of modulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) content and its fragmentation in the snake brain as a biomarker of local industrial pollution of aquatic ecosystems. Despite GFAP being a well known cytoskeleton marker of astrocytes’ reactivity in the brain of vertebrates, its expression in the snake brain remains insufficiently described. The GFAP expression and its fragmentation were detected using the immunoblot method in the snake brain. ROS level was determined with dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence. The content

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Coss, Richard G., Naomie S. Poran, Kevin L. Gusé, and David G. Smith. "Development of Antisnake Defenses in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Beecheyi): II. Microevolutionary Effects of Relaxed Selection From Rattlesnakes." Behaviour 124, no. 1-2 (1993): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853993x00542.

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AbstractNonvenomous Pacific gopher snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus catenifer) and venomous northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis oreganus) have coexisted in a predator-prey relationship with California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) for many thousands of generations. This long-term relationship has fostered in ground squirrels the evolution of antisnake defenses that consist of physiological resistance to rattlesnake venom and behavioral tactics of probing and harassing that might facilitate snake-species discrimination. Snake harassment by adults might also protect pups by

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Babu M.S., Jayanth, and Nagaraj Parisara. "Diversity of Snake Species in and Around Sahyadri College Campus, Shivamogga (D), Karnataka (S), India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, Suppl. (2024): S70—S76. https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i07s.014.

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Snake populations are quickly declining as a result of habitat loss driven on by humans and other environmental factors. So, it is essential to continuously evaluate their individuality and wellbeing. As a result, the study focuses on the diversity and also rescuing of snakes in Sahyadri College, Shivamogga District. Sahyadri College campus is located in the Shivamogga city’s outskirts with an area of 85 acres. It is the oldest and one of the largest institutions in Shivamogga. The campus has thick greenery and a wide variety of flora and fauna. A preliminary survey on snake diversity was carr

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